Feed for fish culture

Abstract

The invention discloses a feed for fish culture, and belongs to the technical field of fish culture. The feed is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 296 to 392 parts of animal source protein, 344 to 472 parts of plant source protein, 100 to 120 parts of starch, 40 to 60 parts of grease, 23 to 58 parts of cellulose, 30 to 50 parts of a nutrition additive and 7 to 10 parts of amino acid, the plant source protein comprises hydrolyzed corn protein powder; corn polysaccharide is also added into the feed, and the addition amount of the corn polysaccharide is 50-150ml in terms of each kilogram of the feed. The feed disclosed by the invention contains the hydrolyzed corn protein powder and the corn polysaccharide, and the hydrolyzed corn protein powder and the corn polysaccharide have a synergistic effect, so that the protein storage rate and the muscle quality of the fishes are further improved on the basis of not influencing the growth performance of the fishes.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of fish breeding, and in particular to a feed for fish breeding. Background Art

[0002] Fishmeal is an important component of fish feed. It is a high-protein, high-nutritional-value animal-derived feed raw material that plays an important role in improving the nutritional value of feed and promoting fish growth. Therefore, it is widely used in aquaculture. However, given the limited wild fish resources and environmental sustainability considerations, the development of sustainable alternative protein sources has become an important trend in the current aquaculture industry.

[0003] my country ranks second in the world in corn production, and produces a large amount of corn gluten meal every year. Corn gluten meal is a high-quality plant protein source that is rich in amino acids, especially lysine and tryptophan, and can provide rich nutrients for the growth and development of fish. In addition, compared with animal protein raw materials, corn gluten meal has a lower cost, which is conducive to reducing feed costs and reducing the burden on the environment. However, the large average molecular weight of corn gluten meal, the various anti-nutritional factors it contains, and its poor water solubility limit its application in the field of fish feed.

[0004] In addition, in the prior art, when raising carnivorous fish or omnivorous fish that mainly feed on meat, the proportion of fish meal in the feed is relatively high, generally between 40% and 60%. By using appropriate plant-based protein substitutes and optimizing the feed formula, the proportion of fish meal can be reduced to 30% to 40%. However, when using plant-based protein to replace part of the fish meal to prepare feed, the amount of plant-based protein added is generally 10% to 30% of the feed amount. If the content of plant-based protein added to the feed is too high, it will reduce the fish's food intake and the utilization rate of protein in the feed, thereby affecting the growth of the fish. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the object of the present invention is to provide a feed for fish farming, which is used to overcome the technical difficulties of large fish meal consumption and difficult application of corn gluten meal in fish farming feed.

[0006] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a feed for fish farming, which comprises the following components, based on the mass percentage of the feed: 296-392 parts of animal protein, 344-472 parts of plant protein, 100-120 parts of starch, 40-60 parts of oil, 23-58 parts of cellulose, 30-50 parts of nutritional additives and 7-10 parts of amino acids; the plant protein comprises hydrolyzed corn protein powder;

[0007] Corn polysaccharide is also added to the feed, and the added amount of the corn polysaccharide is 50-150 ml per kilogram of feed.

[0008] Compared with the corn protein powder in the prior art, the hydrolyzed corn protein powder in the present invention has a low average molecular weight, a high proportion of acid-soluble protein, almost no anti-nutritional factors, a high in vitro digestibility and good water solubility. The compound use with corn polysaccharides can increase the feeding rate of fish and promote the digestion and absorption of dry matter in feed by fish. In addition, by adding hydrolyzed corn protein powder and corn polysaccharides at the same time, on the one hand, the hydrolyzed corn protein powder is used to replace part of the fish meal, which can further reduce the amount of fish meal and greatly increase the amount of plant-based protein added in the feed. On the other hand, by adding corn polysaccharides, corn polysaccharides and corn hydrolyzed protein powder work synergistically, without affecting the growth performance of fish, the protein storage rate and muscle quality of fish can be further improved, so that in the technical solution of the present invention, the content of fish meal can reach a minimum of 17.6%, and the amount of plant protein added can be as high as 34-47%. It has been verified by experiments that this ratio not only does not affect the growth performance of fish, but also greatly reduces the cost of feed.

[0009] Furthermore, the animal source protein includes any one or more of fish meal and chicken meal.

[0010] The fish meal and chicken meal in the above technical solution are both high-quality animal-derived proteins, which can provide fish with rich nutrients such as amino acids and promote the growth and development of fish.

[0011] Furthermore, when the animal source protein includes fish meal and chicken meal, the mass ratio of fish meal to chicken meal is (176-272):120.

[0012] The above technical solution further limits the mass ratio of fish meal to chicken meal. Within the above specific ratio range, more balanced nutrients can be provided to further promote the growth and development of fish.

[0013] Furthermore, the plant-based protein also includes any one or more of soybean meal, cottonseed protein concentrate, and gluten.

[0014] The plant-based proteins in the above technical solutions are all sustainable and economical proteins. The use of the above plant-based proteins helps to reduce feed costs and improve the overall economic benefits of breeding.

[0015] Furthermore, when the plant source includes hydrolyzed corn gluten meal, soybean meal, cottonseed protein concentrate, and gluten powder, the mass ratio of hydrolyzed corn gluten meal, soybean meal, cottonseed protein concentrate, and gluten powder is (64-192):80:120:80.

[0016] The above technical solution further limits the composition and proportion of plant-based protein. Within the above proportion range, it can not only meet the nutritional needs of fish growth, but also improve the stability and palatability of the feed.

[0017] Furthermore, the starch is tapioca starch; and / or the oil is fish oil.

[0018] The cassava starch in the above technical solution contains more branched starch that is beneficial to fish digestion and absorption, which can promote fish growth, improve fish sugar metabolism, enhance fish digestion of starch and fat, and protect fish liver health. Fish oil is rich in Omega-3 fatty acids, which can promote fish growth and development while improving fish immunity.

[0019] Furthermore, the nutritional additive is any one or more of multivitamin and multimineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and choline chloride.

[0020] In the above technical solution, the multi-vitamin and multi-mineral premix contains a variety of vitamins and minerals for improving the health and growth performance of fish; monocalcium phosphate can provide fish with the nutritional elements phosphorus and calcium to ensure the normal development of fish bones; choline chloride, as an essential nutrient, participates in fat metabolism in fish, helps improve liver health and prevent fatty liver.

[0021] Furthermore, when the nutritional additive is multivitamin mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and choline chloride, the mass ratio of multivitamin mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and choline chloride is (15-25): (13-17): (3-5).

[0022] The above technical solution further limits the composition and proportion of the nutritional additives. Within the above proportion range, it can provide nutrients for the growth and development of fish in a more balanced manner, which is beneficial to ensuring the health of fish.

[0023] Furthermore, the amino acids are lysine and methionine.

[0024] The lysine and methionine in the above technical solution are both essential amino acids, and their addition is beneficial to further improve the nutritional value of the feed.

[0025] Furthermore, the mass ratio of lysine to methionine is (5-7):(2-3).

[0026] The above technical solution adds additional lysine and methionine in a specific ratio range to the feed to adjust the amino acid ratio in the feed, making the overall amino acid ratio of the feed closer to the amino acid ratio required for fish growth, thereby improving the utilization rate of protein in the feed by fish. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0028] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a feed for fish farming, which includes the following components, measured by weight: 296 to 392 parts of animal protein, 344 to 472 parts of plant protein, 100 to 120 parts of starch, 40 to 60 parts of oil, 23 to 58 parts of cellulose, 30 to 50 parts of nutritional additives and 7 to 10 parts of amino acids; the plant protein includes hydrolyzed corn protein powder.

[0029] For example, the content of animal source protein in the feed may be 296 parts, 320 parts, 344 parts or 392 parts, preferably 296-344 parts.

[0030] The content of plant-derived protein in the feed may be 344 parts, 408 parts, 450 parts or 472 parts, preferably 408 to 472 parts.

[0031] The content of starch in the feed can be 100 parts, 110 parts or 120 parts, preferably 110 parts.

[0032] The fat content in the feed can be 40 parts, 50 parts or 60 parts, preferably 50 parts.

[0033] The cellulose content in the feed may be 23 parts, 30 parts, 40 parts, 50 parts or 58 parts, preferably 23 to 40 parts.

[0034] The content of the nutritional additive in the feed can be 30 parts, 35 parts, 40 parts, 45 parts or 50 parts, preferably 35-45 parts.

[0035] The amino acid content in the feed can be 7 parts, 8 parts, 9 parts, or 10 parts.

[0036] Furthermore, corn polysaccharide is added to the feed, and the amount of corn polysaccharide added is 50-150 ml per kilogram of feed. For example, the amount of corn polysaccharide added can be 50 ml, 70 ml, 100 ml, 120 ml or 150 ml, preferably 70-120 ml.

[0037] The feed in the above technical solution can be used to breed carnivorous fish or omnivorous fish that mainly feed on meat, such as largemouth bass. The hydrolyzed corn protein powder in the above feed is purchased from Dongtai Yihong Biological Co., Ltd.; corn polysaccharide can be selected from commercially available corn polysaccharide, or it can be prepared by a preparation method known in the prior art.

[0038] The feed used for fish farming in the above technical solution contains animal protein, plant protein, starch, oil, cellulose, nutritional additives and amino acids, and these ingredients cooperate synergistically to provide rich and balanced nutrients for the growth and reproduction of fish, and promote the healthy growth of fish. Among them, the plant protein contains hydrolyzed corn protein powder, which has a low average molecular weight, a high proportion of acid-soluble protein, is easy to digest and absorb, and has good palatability. The present invention replaces part of the fish meal with hydrolyzed corn protein powder, which can not only greatly reduce the amount of fish meal, increase the amount of plant protein added in the feed, thereby reducing costs, but also the hydrolyzed corn protein powder has a synergistic effect with the corn polysaccharide added in the feed, which can improve the protein storage rate and muscle quality of fish.

[0039] Further, based on the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention limit the animal source protein to include any one or more of fish meal and chicken meal.

[0040] In some embodiments, the animal source protein can be selected from fish meal and chicken meal, and the mass ratio of fish meal to chicken meal is (176-272):120. For example, the mass ratio of fish meal to chicken meal can be 176:120, 224:120, 250:120 or 272:120, preferably (176-224):120.

[0041] The fish meal and chicken meal in the above technical solution not only contain essential amino acids that are crucial to the growth and development of fish, but also contain rich vitamins and minerals, and are high-quality protein sources for fish during the rapid growth period.

[0042] Further, based on the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention defines that the plant-based protein also includes any one or more of soybean meal, cottonseed protein concentrate, and gluten powder. It should be understood that the plant-based protein can be selected from hydrolyzed corn protein powder and any one or more of the above-mentioned types of plant-based protein. At this time, the proportion of the hydrolyzed corn protein powder added is ensured to account for 18.6% to 40.7% of the plant-based protein, so that the plant-based protein in the feed can be easily digested and utilized by fish, avoiding the growth of fish affected by adding a large amount of plant-based protein in the feed.

[0043] In some embodiments, the plant source includes hydrolyzed corn gluten meal, soybean meal, cottonseed protein concentrate and gluten powder, and the mass ratio of hydrolyzed corn gluten meal, soybean meal, cottonseed protein concentrate and gluten powder is (64-192):80:120:80. For example, the ratio of the above four proteins can be 64:80:120:80, 128:80:120:80 or 192:80:120:80, preferably 192:80:120:80.

[0044] In the above technical solution, the four ingredients of hydrolyzed corn protein powder, soybean meal, cottonseed protein concentrate and gluten powder are reasonably matched, which increases the amount of plant-based protein added in the feed and the palatability of the feed, provides high-quality protein and essential amino acids in the feed, and improves the nutritional value of the feed and the growth performance of fish. In addition, the above-mentioned plant-based protein is lower in cost than animal-based protein such as fish meal, which can improve the economic benefits of fish farming.

[0045] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention limit the starch to cassava starch; and / or the oil to fish oil.

[0046] In the above technical solution, cassava starch provides carbohydrates and fish oil provides high-quality fat, and the two cooperate with each other to ensure that the energy and protein ratio in the feed is appropriate, so that the nutritional components in the feed have a balanced ratio, thereby supporting the healthy growth of fish.

[0047] Furthermore, based on the above embodiments, the embodiments of the present invention limit the nutritional additives to any one or more of multivitamin and multimineral premix, monocalcium phosphate, and choline chloride.

[0048] In some embodiments, the nutritional additive is a multivitamin premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and choline chloride, and the mass ratio of the multivitamin premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and choline chloride is (15-25): (13-17): (3-5). For example, the mass ratio of the multivitamin premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and choline chloride can be 20:15:4.

[0049] The multi-dimensional multi-mineral premix in the above technical solution can be selected from California bass premix feed 3211 purchased from Guangdong Nutriera Group.

[0050] The multi-dimensional multi-mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and choline chloride in the above technical solution serve as nutritional additives to provide fish with other nutritional elements required for growth in addition to amino acids, thereby improving immunity and ensuring that the fish can grow healthily.

[0051] Further, based on the above embodiment, the embodiment of the present invention limits the amino acids to lysine and methionine, wherein the mass ratio of lysine to methionine is (5-7):(2-3). For example, the mass ratio of lysine to methionine can be 5:2, 6:3 or 7:3.

[0052] The lysine in the above technical solution can be selected from lysine with a purity of 98%, and the methionine can be selected from DL-Met.

[0053] It should be understood that the lysine and methionine in the above technical solution are used to adjust the amino acid balance, and the corresponding proportion of lysine and methionine should be selected according to the addition amount of different proteins to maintain the amino acid ratio in the feed at the optimal amino acid ratio required for fish growth, so as to improve the utilization rate of protein in the feed by fish.

[0054] In order to better illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention also provides the following specific examples. It should be understood that the raw materials used in the following examples are all commercially available raw materials unless otherwise specified.

[0055] Example 1

[0056] The present embodiment provides a feed for fish farming, comprising the following components: 272g fish meal, 120g chicken meal, 64g hydrolyzed corn protein meal, 80g soybean meal, 120g cottonseed protein concentrate, 80g gluten, 110g cassava starch, 50g fish oil, 58g cellulose, 20g multivitamin and multimineral premix, 15g monocalcium phosphate, 4g choline chloride, 5g lysine, and 2g methionine; 50ml corn polysaccharide is also added to the feed.

[0057] Example 2

[0058] The present embodiment provides a feed for fish farming, comprising the following components: 224g fish meal, 120g chicken meal, 128g hydrolyzed corn protein meal, 80g soybean meal, 120g cottonseed protein concentrate, 80g gluten, 110g cassava starch, 50g fish oil, 40g cellulose, 20g multivitamin and multimineral premix, 15g monocalcium phosphate, 4g choline chloride, 6g lysine, and 3g methionine; 150ml corn polysaccharide is also added to the feed.

[0059] Example 3

[0060] The present embodiment provides a feed for fish farming, comprising the following components: 176g fish meal, 120g chicken meal, 192g hydrolyzed corn protein meal, 80g soybean meal, 120g cottonseed protein concentrate, 80g gluten, 110g cassava starch, 50g fish oil, 23g cellulose, 20g multivitamin and multimineral premix, 15g monocalcium phosphate, 4g choline chloride, 7g lysine, and 3g methionine; 100ml corn polysaccharide is also added to the feed.

[0061] Comparative Example 1

[0062] Compared with the feed provided in Example 3, the only difference is that the hydrolyzed corn gluten meal is replaced by fish meal in equal amount.

[0063] Comparative Example 2

[0064] Compared with the feed provided in Example 3, the difference is that half of the fish meal is replaced with an equal amount of hydrolyzed corn gluten meal, that is, the feed includes 88g of fish meal and 280g of hydrolyzed corn gluten meal, and the other ingredients remain unchanged.

[0065] Comparative Example 3

[0066] Compared with the feed provided in Example 3, the only difference is that the corn polysaccharide is replaced by wheat polysaccharide in equal amount.

[0067] Comparative Example 4

[0068] Compared with the feed provided in Example 3, the only difference is that the hydrolyzed corn gluten meal is replaced by ordinary corn gluten meal in equal amount.

[0069] Test Case

[0070] The feeds in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 were used to feed largemouth bass at the juvenile stage, and the initial weight of the fish was (13.45±0.06) g.

[0071] The feeding conditions are shown in Table 1:

[0072] Table 1

[0073] Animals Largemouth Bass Farming system Indoor circulating water Feeding method Feed twice a day Feeding cycle 60 days Dissolved oxygen >5mg / L Water temperature 28±1℃

[0074] Test Example 1

[0075] The specific growth rate, feeding rate, daily feed intake and apparent digestibility of dry matter of largemouth bass during the feeding period were calculated. The results are shown in Table 2.

[0076] Table 2

[0077]

[0078] From the above test results, it can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 1, after Examples 1 to 3 of the present invention replaced part of the fish meal with hydrolyzed corn protein powder and compounded with corn polysaccharides, the specific growth rate of largemouth bass did not change significantly, the feeding rate and daily feeding amount increased, and the apparent digestibility of feed dry matter increased.

[0079] In comparative example 2, after increasing the amount of hydrolyzed corn gluten meal added to the feed, the specific growth rate of largemouth bass decreased, indicating that excessive addition of hydrolyzed corn gluten meal would affect the growth and development of largemouth bass.

[0080] In comparative example 3, an equal amount of corn polysaccharide was replaced with wheat polysaccharide, and in comparative example 4, an equal amount of hydrolyzed corn protein powder was replaced with ordinary corn protein powder. The specific growth rate of largemouth bass decreased, and the feeding rate, daily feeding amount and apparent digestibility of feed dry matter decreased. This shows that the hydrolyzed corn protein powder in the present invention has a synergistic effect with corn polysaccharide, does not affect the growth performance of fish, and can also increase the feeding rate and daily feeding amount of fish, and promote the digestion and absorption of feed dry matter by fish.

[0081] Test Example 2

[0082] The muscle quality and protein storage rate of largemouth bass were tested after 60 days of feeding. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0083] Table 3

[0084] Muscle chewing Protein storage rate (%) Example 1 3501 3.7 Example 2 3617 3.9 Example 3 3899 4.1 Comparative Example 1 3372 3.6 Comparative Example 2 3241 2.9 Comparative Example 3 2705 3.0 Comparative Example 4 2742 3.3

[0085] It can be seen from the above test results that compared with comparative example 1, after partially replacing fish meal with hydrolyzed corn protein powder and compounding with corn polysaccharides in examples 1 to 3 of the present invention, the muscle chewiness and protein storage rate are improved.

[0086] In comparative example 2, after increasing the amount of hydrolyzed corn gluten meal added to the feed, the muscle chewiness and protein storage rate decreased, indicating that excessive addition of hydrolyzed corn gluten meal in the feed would reduce the quality of fish meat.

[0087] In comparative example 3, an equal amount of corn polysaccharide was replaced with wheat polysaccharide, and in comparative example 4, an equal amount of hydrolyzed corn gluten powder was replaced with ordinary corn gluten powder. The muscle chewiness and protein storage rate of largemouth bass decreased, indicating that the hydrolyzed corn gluten powder in the present invention has a synergistic effect with corn polysaccharide, can increase the protein content in fish meat, and improve the quality of fish meat.

[0088] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention is described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments or replace some of the technical features therein by equivalents. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A feed for fish farming, characterized in that: The feed comprises the following components by weight: 296-392 parts of animal protein, 344-472 parts of plant protein, 100-120 parts of starch, 40-60 parts of oil, 23-58 parts of cellulose, 30-50 parts of nutritional additives and 7-10 parts of amino acids; the plant protein comprises hydrolyzed corn protein powder; Corn polysaccharide is also added to the feed, and the added amount of the corn polysaccharide is 50-150 ml per kilogram of feed.

2. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The animal source protein includes any one or more of fish meal and chicken meal.

3. The feed according to claim 2, characterized in that When the animal source protein includes fish meal and chicken meal, the mass ratio of the fish meal to the chicken meal is (176-272):

120.

4. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The plant-based protein also includes any one or more of soybean meal, cottonseed protein concentrate, and gluten powder.

5. The feed according to claim 4, characterized in that When the plant source includes hydrolyzed corn protein powder, soybean meal, cottonseed protein concentrate and gluten powder, the mass ratio of the hydrolyzed corn protein powder, the soybean meal, the cottonseed protein concentrate and the gluten powder is (64-192):80:120:

80.

6. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The starch is cassava starch; and / or the oil is fish oil.

7. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The nutritional additive is any one or more of multivitamin and multimineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, and choline chloride.

8. The feed according to claim 7, characterized in that When the nutritional additives are multivitamin mineral premix, calcium dihydrogen phosphate and choline chloride, the mass ratio of the multivitamin mineral premix, the calcium dihydrogen phosphate and the choline chloride is (15-25): (13-17): (3-5).

9. The feed according to claim 1, characterized in that The amino acids are lysine and methionine.

10. The feed according to claim 9, characterized in that The mass ratio of the lysine to the methionine is (5-7):(2-3).

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