Single-wire laser-electric arc hybrid welding device and method

Abstract

The invention provides a single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device and method, and the device comprises three circuits which are respectively connected with the left wall and the right wall of a weldment and the lower part of a welding seam; the electronic controller is respectively connected with the welding power supply and the three circuits and is used for controlling the switching of the three circuits; the laser head is positioned above a welding seam of the weldment and is used for emitting laser to the welding seam; the laser transmits laser to the laser head through an optical fiber; the electric arc welding gun is located above a welding seam of the weldment, and the electric arc welding gun is connected with the welding power source; a laser device and a welding power source are started, the laser head emits laser to the welding seam, the electric arc welding gun starts arcing at the same time, and the electric arc welding gun and the laser head conduct circulating welding along the welding seam under the control of the movement mechanism; and in the welding advancing process, switching of the three circuits is periodically controlled through the electronic controller, so that control over left deviation, right deviation and over against the center of a welding seam in the arc form in the welding process is achieved, accurate control over the arc form is achieved, and the welding quality is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of welding, and in particular to a single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device and method. Background Art

[0002] As an important means of material processing, welding technology plays a key role in modern industrial production. From early manual arc welding to later gas shielded welding, laser welding, etc., various welding methods have emerged to meet the welding needs in different scenarios. For example, arc welding has been widely used in the field of medium and thick plate welding due to its simple equipment and flexible operation; laser welding has shown its unique charm in precision manufacturing and thick plate welding due to its advantages such as high energy density, fast welding speed and small heat-affected zone. However, with the continuous improvement of industrial manufacturing level, the requirements for welding quality are also getting higher and higher, especially in the field of medium and thick plate welding, such as the manufacture of key structures such as rail transit car bodies, pillow beams and large ship hulls. The traditional single welding method is often difficult to meet the high-quality and high-efficiency welding needs.

[0003] In order to solve the shortcomings of traditional single welding methods, laser-arc hybrid welding technology came into being. This technology combines laser welding with arc welding, and uses the high energy density of laser and the stability of arc to achieve efficient and high-quality welding of thick plates. In practical applications, laser-arc hybrid welding technology has indeed achieved certain results and can improve welding efficiency and welding quality to a certain extent. However, the existing laser-arc hybrid welding technology still has obvious limitations in controlling arc morphology and optimizing weld formation. Specifically, in the process of laser-arc hybrid welding, the control of arc morphology has a vital influence on the quality of weld formation. However, the existing hybrid welding technology lacks effective control means in this key link. On the one hand, the stability of the arc is difficult to guarantee, and it is easily disturbed by factors such as welding parameter fluctuations and workpiece surface conditions, resulting in unstable arc morphology, which in turn affects the fusion effect and forming quality of the weld; on the other hand, for different welding positions and welding passes, there is a lack of targeted arc morphology control strategies, and the advantages of laser-arc hybrid welding cannot be fully utilized.

[0004] Therefore, how to achieve precise control of arc morphology and improve welding quality has become a key issue that needs to be urgently solved in current laser-arc hybrid welding technology. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device and method, which are used to solve the technical defect of the prior art in lacking effective control means in controlling the arc shape.

[0006] The present invention provides a single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device, comprising: Three circuits are connected to the left wall, the right wall and the lower part of the weld respectively; An electronic controller, the electronic controller is connected to the welding power source and the three circuits respectively, and is used to control the switching of the three circuits; A laser head, the laser head is located above the weld of the weldment and is used to direct laser light toward the weld; A laser, which transmits laser light to the laser head via an optical fiber; An arc welding gun, the arc welding gun is located above the weld of the weldment, and the arc welding gun is connected to a welding power source; The laser and the welding power supply are started, so that the laser head directs the laser toward the weld and the arc welding gun simultaneously strikes an arc. Under the control of the motion mechanism, the arc welding gun and the laser head perform cyclic welding along the weld. During the welding process, the electronic controller periodically controls the switching of the three circuits to achieve control of the arc shape to the left, right and directly toward the center of the weld during the welding process.

[0007] According to the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device provided by the present invention, the electronic controller includes a microcontroller, a solid-state relay and a single-pole three-way switch, the microcontroller is connected to the solid-state relay and the single-pole three-way switch in sequence, and the single-pole three-way switch is connected to the three circuits respectively; The microcontroller generates a control signal, and outputs the control signal to the single-pole three-way switch via the solid-state relay, so as to control the single-pole three-way switch to be connected to one of the circuits.

[0008] According to the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device provided by the present invention, in each time period, the motion mechanism controls the arc welding gun and the laser head to perform cyclic motion along the weld using an N-layer N-pass welding method, and the electronic controller generates multiple control signals to periodically control the switching of the three circuits; wherein N is an integer greater than 1.

[0009] According to the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device provided by the present invention, when a three-layer three-pass welding method is adopted: When welding the first weld bead, in each first cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld seam and keeps it for a first time through the control signal, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment and keeps it for a second time through the control signal, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment and keeps it for a third time through the control signal; When welding the second weld bead, in each second cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through the control signal and keeps it for a fourth time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through the control signal and keeps it for a fifth time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through the control signal and keeps it for a sixth time period; When welding the third weld, in each third cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through the control signal and maintains it for the seventh time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through the control signal and maintains it for the eighth time period, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through the control signal and maintains it for the ninth time period.

[0010] According to the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device provided by the present invention, one end of the three-way circuit is respectively connected to the geometric center of the left wall of the weldment, the geometric center of the right wall of the weldment and the geometric center of the part below the weld, and the other end of the three-way circuit is connected in parallel with the electronic controller.

[0011] According to the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device provided by the present invention, the current of the welding power supply is 150 ~ 250A, and the double-pulse mode is adopted for welding; the angle between the arc welding gun and the vertical direction is set to 30°; the laser head is perpendicular to the welding surface for welding, the laser power of the laser head is set to 2000 ~ 5000 W, and the welding speed is set to 1 ~ 2m / min.

[0012] The present invention provides a single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method, which is used for the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device as described above, and the method comprises: Starting the laser and the welding power supply, so that the laser head emits laser light toward the weld, and the arc welding gun starts arcing at the same time; The arc welding gun and the laser head are controlled to move cyclically along the welding direction of the weld by a motion mechanism, and during the welding process, the electronic controller periodically controls the switching of the three circuits to achieve control of the arc shape to the left, right and directly facing the center of the weld during the welding process.

[0013] According to the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method provided by the present invention, the arc welding gun and the laser head are controlled to cyclically move along the welding direction of the weld by a motion mechanism, and during the welding process, the switching of the three circuits is periodically controlled by the electronic controller, including: In each time period, the arc welding gun and the laser head are controlled by the motion mechanism to perform cyclical motion along the weld using an N-layer N-pass welding method, and during the welding process, a plurality of control signals are generated by the electronic controller to periodically control the switching of the three circuits; wherein N is an integer greater than 1.

[0014] According to the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method provided by the present invention, in the case of a three-layer three-pass welding method, a plurality of control signals are generated by the electronic controller to periodically control the switching of the three circuits, specifically including: When welding the first weld bead, in each first cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld seam and keeps it for a first time through the control signal, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment and keeps it for a second time through the control signal, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment and keeps it for a third time through the control signal; When welding the second weld bead, in each second cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through the control signal and keeps it for a fourth time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through the control signal and keeps it for a fifth time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through the control signal and keeps it for a sixth time period; When welding the third weld, in each third cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through the control signal and maintains it for the seventh time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through the control signal and maintains it for the eighth time period, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through the control signal and maintains it for the ninth time period.

[0015] The present invention also provides an electronic device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein when the processor executes the program, the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method described above is implemented.

[0016] The single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device and method provided by the present invention, under the control of a motion mechanism, an arc welding gun and a laser head perform cyclic welding along a weld; and during the welding process, an electronic controller periodically controls the switching of the three circuits to achieve control of the arc shape to the left, right and directly facing the center of the weld during the welding process, thereby achieving precise control of the arc shape, effectively improving the quality of welding, reducing the cost of post-weld processing, and improving production efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the present invention or the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device provided by the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the electronic controller provided by the present invention.

[0020] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the process of the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method provided by the present invention.

[0021] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the electronic device provided by the present invention.

[0022] 101—electronic controller; 102—arc welding gun; 103 - laser head; 104 - laser; 105 - welding power source; 106, 107, 108—three-way circuit; 109—protection circuit; 201—microcontroller; 202—solid-state relay; 203—single-pole three-position switch; 204—voltage regulator; 205—independent power supply. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] First, the terms involved in the embodiments of the present invention are explained schematically.

[0025] Three-layer three-pass welding: A welding process method that uses three layers of welds during the welding process, and each layer of welds contains three welding paths (weld passes). This welding method is usually used for welding medium and thick plates. Through multi-layer and multi-pass welding, it can ensure the complete fusion of the weld, reduce the lack of fusion defects, and improve the strength and reliability of the welded joint. The fine control of each layer of weld pass can ensure the forming quality of the weld, make the weld surface smoother, the excess height is moderate, and reduce stress concentration.

[0026] Laser-arc hybrid welding: a welding technology that combines laser welding with arc welding. The high energy density of the laser and the stability of the arc are used to achieve efficient and high-quality welding of thick plates. Laser welding has the advantages of fast welding speed, small heat-affected zone, and beautiful weld formation, while arc welding has the characteristics of simple equipment and flexible operation. By combining the two, their respective advantages can be fully utilized to improve welding efficiency and welding quality. It is suitable for welding of medium and thick plates, especially in the manufacture of key structures such as rail transit car bodies, pillow beams and large ship hulls. It can effectively solve the problems of difficult fusion of the side walls of medium and thick plate welds and unsightly welds.

[0027] Solid-state relay: Solid-state relays are composed of solid-state devices (such as transistors, bidirectional thyristors, etc.), and their conduction and cutoff are controlled by electrical signals. Compared with traditional mechanical relays, solid-state relays have the advantages of fast response speed, long life, and no mechanical contacts. In the present invention, the solid-state relay is used to receive the control signal of the electronic controller and transmit the signal to the load circuit to achieve control of the arc morphology.

[0028] Single-pole three-way switch: A switch with three output positions. A single-pole three-way switch can switch the input signal to three different output positions and is usually used in situations where switching between multiple circuits is required. In the present invention, the single-pole three-way switch is used to switch the current between different circuits, thereby controlling the shape of the arc.

[0029] Welding power supply: a device that provides electrical energy for the welding process. Welding power supplies generally include two types: DC power supply and AC power supply. In the present invention, the welding power supply adopts the DC reverse connection method, connecting the positive electrode of the power supply to the welding gun, and connecting the negative electrode of the power supply to the welding workpiece through an electronic controller and wires. The current of the welding power supply is set to 150 ~ 250 A, and the double pulse mode is used for welding.

[0030] Arc welding gun: a welding tool used to generate and maintain an arc. An arc welding gun is usually composed of an electrode, a nozzle, an insulating shell, etc. In the present invention, the angle between the arc welding gun and the vertical direction is set to 30°, and the arc shape is controlled by the cooperation of an electronic controller and a welding power source.

[0031] Laser: A device that generates a laser beam. Lasers generate laser beams through stimulated radiation and have the characteristics of high energy density, high directivity, high monochromaticity, etc. In the present invention, the laser transmits the laser to the laser head through an optical fiber, and the laser power is set to 2000 ~ 5000 W.

[0032] Laser head: An optical device used to focus the laser beam to the welding area. The laser head is usually composed of optical components such as lenses, reflectors, and collimators. In the present invention, the laser head is welded perpendicular to the welding surface, the laser power is set to 2000~5000W, and the welding speed is set to 1~2m / min. Laser heads are widely used in welding processes such as laser welding and laser-arc hybrid welding.

[0033] In order to solve the technical defect of the prior art in that there is a lack of effective control means for controlling the arc shape, realize the precise control of the arc shape, effectively improve the welding quality, reduce the post-weld processing cost, and improve the technical effect of production efficiency, the embodiment of the present invention discloses a single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device, see Figure 1 , including: an electronic controller 101, three circuits 106, 107, 108, a laser head 103, a laser 104 and an arc welding gun 102.

[0034] The three circuits 106, 107, and 108 are connected to the left wall, the right wall, and the lower part of the weld respectively; this connection mode enables the welding current to flow to different parts of the weld through different paths, thereby realizing precise control of the arc shape. Figure 1 As shown, circuit 106 is connected to the left wall of the weldment, circuit 107 is connected to the lower part of the weld of the weldment, and circuit 108 is connected to the right wall of the weldment. In actual use, it can also be adjusted according to specific circumstances.

[0035] Furthermore, one end of the three circuits 106 , 107 , 108 is connected to the geometric center of the left wall of the weld, the geometric center of the right wall of the weld, and the geometric center of the lower part of the weld, respectively, and the other end of the three circuits 106 , 107 , 108 is connected in parallel to the electronic controller 101 .

[0036] The connection wires of the three circuits 106, 107, 108 and the weldment are connected by multi-strand soft wires of Southwire SOOW FlexiblePortable Cord type, and the specification is 4 / 0 AWG (can carry about 380A) to ensure the circuit flow and safety during the welding process.

[0037] Among them, the weld is the core part of the welded joint, which directly connects two or more weldments to achieve a firm bond between them. The quality and performance of the weld has a decisive influence on the strength, sealing, corrosion resistance, etc. of the entire welded structure. Figure 1 As shown, the weld area in this embodiment has a V-shaped groove structure, and the groove angle is 60°.

[0038] The electronic controller 101 is connected to the welding power supply 105 and the three circuits 106, 107, 108 respectively, and is used to control the switching of the three circuits 106, 107, 108. The electronic controller 101 is the core control unit of the entire welding system, responsible for controlling the switching of the three circuits 106, 107, 108 according to a predetermined logic and frequency (such as 200Hz). The electronic controller 101 generates control signals by receiving signals from the welding power supply 105, and transmits these signals to the three circuits 106, 107, 108, thereby realizing the switching control of the circuits.

[0039] The laser 104 transmits the laser to the laser head 103 via an optical fiber. The laser head 103 is located above the weld of the weldment and is used to direct the laser toward the weld. The laser 104 is an important component of the entire welding system and is responsible for generating a high-energy-density laser beam. The output power and beam quality of the laser 104 directly affect the welding effect. The laser head 103 is the output end of the laser 104 and is responsible for focusing the laser beam generated by the laser 104 and directing it toward the weld. The high energy density of the laser can quickly heat the weld area and promote the welding process.

[0040] Optionally, the laser 104 selects a Raycus RFL-C6000 laser system, selects a HansLaser WWH10 scanning welding laser head 103, the laser head 103 is perpendicular to the weld surface, and the laser power is set to 3000 W. The laser head 103 can use a HansLaser WWH10 scanning welding laser head 103, and welds perpendicularly to the weld surface. The laser power can be set to 2000 ~ 5000 W, and the welding speed can be set to 1 ~ 2 m / min.

[0041] The arc welding gun 102 is located above the weld of the weldment, and the arc welding gun 102 is connected to the welding power source 105. The arc welding gun 102 is a key device for generating and maintaining an arc, and is responsible for converting the electrical energy of the welding power source 105 into the heat energy of the arc, thereby heating the weld area and promoting the welding process.

[0042] The arc welding gun 102 and the welding power source 105 are further connected via a protection circuit 109. The protection circuit 109 may include: a short circuit protection circuit 109, an overvoltage protection circuit 109, and an overcurrent protection circuit 109.

[0043] The welding power source 105 and the welding gun are Fronius tps 400i welding machines, the arc current is set to 200A, the arc usage mode is selected as the double pulse mode, and the angle between the welding gun and the vertical direction is set to 30°.

[0044] Optionally, pure argon is selected as the shielding gas for the welding process, and the gas flow rate is 20 L / min.

[0045] A 6005A aluminum alloy with a thickness of 10 mm is selected as the weldment, and an ER5356 welding wire with a diameter of 1.6 mm is selected. The welding area is cleaned, oil stains, rust and other impurities are removed, and the laser 104, laser head 103, electronic controller 101, welding power source 105, arc welding gun and multi-channel wires are properly connected and the equipment is debugged.

[0046] The laser 104 and the welding power supply 105 are started, so that the laser head 103 directs the laser toward the weld, and the arc welding gun 102 starts arcing at the same time. Under the control of the motion mechanism, the arc welding gun 102 and the laser head 103 perform cyclic welding along the weld; and during the welding process, the electronic controller 101 periodically controls the switching of the three circuits 106, 107, and 108 to achieve the control of the arc shape to the left, right, and directly facing the center of the weld during the welding process.

[0047] Optionally, a three-layer three-pass welding method is selected according to the thickness of 10 mm. It should be noted that the N-layer N-pass welding method means that during the welding process, N layers of welds are used, and each layer of welds contains N welding paths (weld passes). Multiple layers of weld passes are superimposed in sequence to form a final weld. For each layer of weld pass, the arc welding gun 102 and the laser head 103 are controlled by the motion mechanism to move unidirectionally along the weld, rather than reciprocatingly.

[0048] Optionally, the positive electrode of the welding power source 105 is connected to the arc welding gun, and the negative electrode is connected to the welding workpiece through the electronic controller 101 and multiple wires.

[0049] Optionally, the electronic controller 101 generates 200 control signals in each cycle, and the control time of each control signal is 5 ms, so as to achieve 200 controls per second, and perform cyclic control according to the control logic in the multi-layer and multi-pass welding process.

[0050] The single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device and method provided by the present invention, under the control of the motion mechanism, the arc welding gun 102 and the laser head 103 perform cyclic welding along the weld; and during the welding process, the electronic controller 101 periodically controls the switching of the three circuits 106, 107, and 108 to achieve control of the arc shape to the left, right, and directly facing the center of the weld during the welding process, thereby achieving precise control of the arc shape, effectively improving the quality of welding, reducing the cost of post-weld processing, and improving production efficiency.

[0051] Alternatively, see Figure 2 , Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the electronic controller 101 in this embodiment. The electronic controller 101 includes: Microcontroller 201: The Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller 201 is used as the core control unit, which has multiple digital input / output pins and analog input pins, and can collect and control various signals during the welding process. The microcontroller 201 can achieve precise control of the welding process through programming, including real-time adjustment of parameters such as welding current, voltage, welding speed, and coordinated control of other components in the electronic controller 101.

[0052] Power supply: Mean Well LRS-75-12 independent power supply 205 is selected to provide a stable power supply for the electronic controller 101. This power supply module has the characteristics of high efficiency, low ripple and good load regulation, ensuring a stable 12V DC power supply for the microcontroller 201 and other components. The power supply module is stabilized by the LM7805 voltage regulator chip to provide a stable voltage of 5V for the microcontroller 201.

[0053] Voltage stabilizer input interface: including the input and output interfaces of the LM7805 voltage stabilizer module, which is used to convert the 12V voltage output by the power module into a stable 5V voltage to provide a stable power supply for the microcontroller 201. At the same time, the voltage stabilizer input interface also has overvoltage protection and overcurrent protection functions to ensure that the microcontroller 201 and other sensitive electronic components will not be damaged in the event of abnormal power supply.

[0054] Solid-state relay 202 unit: G3MB-202P SSR solid-state relay 202 is used, which can receive the control signal output by the microcontroller 201 and convert the signal into a high-power switch signal for controlling the on and off of the welding power supply 105 and the multi-channel circuit. The solid-state relay 202 has the advantages of fast response speed, long life, and no mechanical contacts, and can achieve fast control and precise switching during the welding process.

[0055] Single-pole three-way switch 203: A Panasonic EVQP1A1J single-pole three-way high-frequency switch is selected, which can realize high-speed switching of three circuits 106, 107, and 108. The single-pole three-way switch 203 is connected to the microcontroller 201 through the solid-state relay 202. According to the control signal of the microcontroller 201, the welding current loop is switched to the left wall, right wall or the part directly below the welding groove of the weldment in different welding stages, thereby realizing precise control of the arc shape.

[0056] Communication interface: includes interfaces for communicating with external computers or other devices, such as USB interface, RS-232 interface or Ethernet interface. Through the communication interface, operators can remotely monitor the welding process, download / upload welding programs, adjust welding parameters, etc., realizing automatic control and remote management of the welding process.

[0057] User interface: including display screen, buttons and knobs, etc., for the operator to interact with the electronic controller 101. The display screen can display the welding status, welding parameters and alarm information in real time, such as welding current, voltage, welding speed, welding layer / pass, etc.; buttons and knobs are used to manually control various operations in the welding process, such as starting / stopping welding, selecting welding programs, adjusting welding parameters, etc.

[0058] The electronic controller 101 receives a signal from the welding power source 105 , generates a control signal, and outputs the control signal to the single-pole three-way switch 203 via the solid-state relay 202 to control the single-pole three-way switch 203 to conduct one circuit.

[0059] Specifically, the electronic controller 101 selects a Mean Well LRS-75-12 power supply as the independent power supply 205 of the electronic controller 101; the solid-state relay 202 is selected as a G3MB-202P SSR solid-state relay 202, and the single-pole three-position switch 203 is selected as a Panasonic EVQP1A1J single-pole three-position high-frequency switching switch. The electronic controller 101 selects an Arduino UnoR3 microcontroller 201 for programming, and sets the acquisition speed of the microcontroller 201 and the switching frequency of the single-pole three-position switch 203 to 200 Hz.

[0060] The digital pin D8 of the Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller 201 is connected to the input terminal (IN) of the solid-state relay 202, and the digital pin GND is connected to the input terminal (GND) of the solid-state relay 202. The microcontroller 201 controls the on and off of the solid-state relay 202 by outputting a digital signal, thereby realizing the control of the welding power source 105 and the multi-channel circuit.

[0061] The output terminal (COM) of the solid-state relay 202 is connected to the negative electrode (-) of the welding power source 105, and the output terminal (NO) is connected to the control line of the single-pole three-way switch 203. When the solid-state relay 202 is turned on, the negative electrode of the welding power source 105 is connected to different parts of the weldment through the single-pole three-way switch 203 to achieve control of the arc shape.

[0062] The three output ends of the single-pole three-position switch 203 are respectively connected to the three-way circuits 106, 107, and 108, and the three-way circuits 106, 107, and 108 are respectively connected to the left wall, the right wall, and the part directly below the welding groove of the weldment. By switching the single-pole three-position switch 203, the current loops at different welding positions can be controlled.

[0063] The 12V output of the power module provides a stable 5V voltage to the microcontroller 201 through the LM7805 voltage regulator 204. The input terminal (+) of the LM7805 voltage regulator 204 is connected to the 12V output of the power module, the input terminal (-) is connected to the ground (GND) of the power module, the output terminal (+) is connected to the 5V power supply pin of the microcontroller 201, and the output terminal (-) is connected to the GND pin of the microcontroller 201.

[0064] The serial communication pins (such as RX, TX) of the microcontroller 201 are connected to an external computer or other device through a communication interface chip (such as a MAX232 chip). The MAX232 chip converts the TTL level signal of the microcontroller 201 into an RS-232 level signal to achieve communication with other devices.

[0065] The digital pins and analog pins of the microcontroller 201 are connected to the display screen, buttons and knobs in the user interface. For example, the microcontroller 201 is connected to the LCD display screen through the I2C interface or the SPI interface; the microcontroller 201 is connected to the buttons and knobs through the digital pins for inputting control signals and adjusting parameters.

[0066] Optionally, when the welding process starts, the microcontroller 201 Arduino UnoR3 in the electronic controller 101 accurately controls the on and off of multiple circuits according to the time sequence and logic set by the program. Specifically, during the welding process, the microcontroller 201 controls the solid-state relay 202 or other electronic switches by outputting digital signals or pulse signals, thereby realizing the rapid switching of the three circuits 106, 107, and 108. This timing control can ensure that in each welding cycle, the arc shape is accurately adjusted according to the preset logic (such as left, right, or directly at the center of the weld), thereby optimizing the weld formation.

[0067] In this embodiment, through the coordinated work of components such as the microcontroller 201, the solid-state relay 202, and the single-pole three-position switch 203, precise control of the welding process is achieved, including real-time adjustment of welding parameters and fine control of arc morphology. It can effectively solve problems such as side wall incomplete fusion and poor weld formation in traditional welding methods, improve welding quality and production efficiency, and has broad application prospects and promotion value.

[0068] Furthermore, in each time period, the arc welding gun 102 and the laser head 103 are controlled by the motion mechanism to perform cyclic motion along the weld using an N-layer N-pass welding method, and multiple control signals are generated by the electronic controller 101 to periodically control the switching of the three circuits 106, 107, and 108; wherein N is an integer greater than 1.

[0069] When using the three-layer three-pass welding method: the first weld pass ensures complete fusion of the weld root by precisely controlling the arc shape, providing a good foundation for subsequent weld passes; the second weld pass ensures sufficient filling of the weld and forms a uniform weld height by adjusting the arc shape; the third weld pass forms a smooth and flat weld surface by precisely controlling the arc shape, reducing the weld excess height and stress concentration.

[0070] When welding the first weld bead, in each first cycle, the electronic controller 101 switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld and keeps it for a first time through a control signal, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment and keeps it for a second time through a control signal, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment and keeps it for a third time through a control signal; When welding the second weld pass, in each second cycle, the electronic controller 101 switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through a control signal and keeps it for a fourth time, then switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through a control signal and keeps it for a fifth time, then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through a control signal and keeps it for a sixth time; When welding the third weld, in each third cycle, the electronic controller 101 switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through a control signal and maintains it for the seventh time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through a control signal and maintains it for the eighth time period, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through a control signal and maintains it for the ninth time period.

[0071] Take a control logic as an example, the three circuits 106, 107, 108 are switched according to the set program, and each 100ms is a cycle: 1) When welding the first weld, the control unit of the electronic controller 101 generates 200 control signals in each cycle, each cycle is 1 second, so as to achieve 200 switching changes per second. In every 100ms, the switch valve is connected to the bottom of the weld in the first 35ms, then it takes 5ms to switch the circuit to the left wall of the weld and keep it for 25ms, then it takes 5ms to connect the circuit to the right wall of the weld and keep it for 25ms, and the last 5ms is reserved as the switching time to connect to the next cycle, and this cycle is repeated 10 times per second; 2) During the second weld, the electronic controller 101 switches the valve to connect to the left wall of the weld in the first 35 ms within every 100 ms, then consumes 5 ms to switch the circuit to connect to the bottom of the weld and maintains it for 15 ms, then consumes 5 ms to connect the circuit to the right wall of the weld and maintains it for 35 ms, and the last 5 ms is reserved as the switching time for the next cycle, and this cycle is repeated 10 times per second; 3) When welding the third weld, the electronic controller 101 switches the valve to connect to the bottom of the weld in the first 45 ms within every 100 ms, then consumes 5 ms to switch the circuit to connect to the left wall of the weld and keeps it for 20 ms, then consumes 5 ms to connect the circuit to the right wall of the weld and keeps it for 20 ms, and finally reserves 5 ms as the switching time for the next cycle, and repeats this cycle 10 times per second; By adding a multi-channel circuit, a single-pole three-position switch 203 and an electronic controller 101 to the welding circuit, the arc shape of the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding of medium and thick plates is periodically controlled, and different control strategies are adopted in different welding passes, which can greatly improve the unfused defects of the side walls of the medium and thick plates and adjust the welding excess height, which can effectively reduce the workload of post-weld machining and painting and improve production efficiency.

[0072] In this embodiment, a three-layer three-pass welding method is adopted. By optimizing the control logic of the electronic controller 101, different arc shape control strategies are adopted to accurately control the shape of each weld by utilizing the characteristics of each weld layer, and finally the weld surface is smoother and the residual height is moderate, which greatly reduces the risk of stress concentration. This not only improves the appearance quality of the weld, but also prolongs the service life of the welded structure, reduces the difficulty of subsequent mechanical processing and painting, and further improves production efficiency and economic benefits.

[0073] Furthermore, the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device of this embodiment improves the welding quality of medium and thick plates, significantly reduces the occurrence of side wall unfusion defects, and ensures high-quality and efficient completion of the welding of medium and thick plates.

[0074] The embodiment of the present invention also discloses a single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method, which is used for the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device as described above. Figure 3 As shown, the method includes: 301. Start the laser and welding power supply, so that the laser head shoots the laser toward the weld, and the arc welding gun starts arcing at the same time.

[0075] Before welding begins, the operator starts the laser and welding power supply through the user interface or remote control device. The start signal of the laser and welding power supply is transmitted to the electronic controller through the communication interface. After receiving the start signal, the electronic controller immediately starts to execute the preset welding program.

[0076] By starting the laser and welding power supply at the same time, the laser and arc work synchronously during the welding process, which improves the efficiency and quality of welding. The high energy density of the laser and the stability of the arc can quickly heat the weld area and promote the fusion of the weld.

[0077] The laser head shoots the laser at the weld: The laser transmits the laser to the laser head through the optical fiber, and the laser head welds perpendicular to the welding surface. The position and angle of the laser head can be precisely adjusted by the motion mechanism to ensure that the laser can accurately shoot at the weld. The high energy density of the laser can quickly heat the weld area, promote the fusion of the weld, and improve the welding speed and welding quality. The precise adjustment of the laser head ensures the accurate alignment of the laser and reduces welding defects.

[0078] The arc welding gun starts the arc at the same time: the arc welding gun is connected to the positive pole of the welding power source, and the negative pole of the welding power source is connected to the welding workpiece through the electronic controller and multiple wires. When the welding power source is started, the arc welding gun generates an arc in the welding area. The position and angle of the arc welding gun can also be precisely adjusted through the motion mechanism to ensure that the arc can accurately act on the weld.

[0079] The stability of the arc can ensure the continuity and stability of the welding process and improve the welding quality. The precise adjustment of the arc welding gun ensures the accurate alignment of the arc and reduces welding defects.

[0080] 302. The arc welding gun and the laser head are controlled by the motion mechanism to move in a circular motion along the welding direction of the weld, and during the welding process, the electronic controller periodically controls the switching of the three circuits to achieve the control of the arc shape to the left, right and directly facing the center of the weld during the welding process.

[0081] The motion mechanism accurately controls the arc welding gun and the laser head to perform cyclic motion along the welding direction of the weld according to the preset welding path and speed. The motion mechanism can use a robot arm, a linear slide or other precision motion control equipment to ensure the continuity and stability of the welding process.

[0082] Through the precise control of the motion mechanism, the arc welding gun and the laser head can perform stable cyclic motion along the welding direction of the weld, which improves the accuracy and quality of welding. The high-precision control of the motion mechanism can reduce the error in the welding process and improve the consistency of welding.

[0083] The electronic controller periodically controls the switching of the three circuits: the electronic controller generates a plurality of control signals in each time period according to the preset control logic, and periodically controls the switching of the three circuits. Specifically, in each cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld, the left wall of the weldment, and the right wall of the weldment through the control signal, and maintains the corresponding time.

[0084] Through the periodic control of the electronic controller, the arc shape is precisely controlled, so that the arc can be left, right and directly at the center of the weld during welding. This precise control can ensure the complete fusion of the weld, reduce the lack of fusion defects and improve the welding quality.

[0085] Optionally, the arc welding gun and the laser head are controlled by a motion mechanism to perform cyclical motion along the welding direction of the weld, and during the welding process, the electronic controller periodically controls the switching of the three circuits, including: in each time period, the arc welding gun and the laser head are controlled by the motion mechanism to perform cyclical motion along the weld using an N-layer N-pass welding method, and during the welding process, the electronic controller generates multiple control signals to periodically control the switching of the three circuits; wherein N is an integer greater than 1.

[0086] Optionally, in the case of a three-layer three-pass welding method, a plurality of control signals are generated by the electronic controller to periodically control the switching of the three circuits, specifically including: When welding the first weld bead, in each first cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld seam and keeps it for a first time through the control signal, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment and keeps it for a second time through the control signal, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment and keeps it for a third time through the control signal; When welding the second weld bead, in each second cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through the control signal and keeps it for a fourth time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through the control signal and keeps it for a fifth time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through the control signal and keeps it for a sixth time period; When welding the third weld, in each third cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through the control signal and maintains it for the seventh time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through the control signal and maintains it for the eighth time period, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through the control signal and maintains it for the ninth time period.

[0087] The single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method provided by the embodiment of the present invention is that under the control of the motion mechanism, the arc welding gun and the laser head perform cyclic welding along the weld; and during the welding process, the electronic controller periodically controls the switching of the three circuits to achieve control of the arc shape to the left, right and directly facing the center of the weld during the welding process, thereby achieving precise control of the arc shape, effectively improving the quality of welding, reducing the cost of post-weld processing, and improving production efficiency.

[0088] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following innovations: (1) The embodiment of the present invention realizes dynamic control of arc shape through an electronic controller. The electronic controller generates 200 control signals in each cycle, and the control time of each control signal is 5 ms, thereby realizing high-frequency control 200 times per second. This high-frequency control enables the arc shape to be accurately adjusted according to different requirements in the welding process, ensuring complete fusion of the side wall of the weld and reducing the lack of fusion defects.

[0089] (2) The embodiment of the present invention adopts an N-layer N-pass welding method, in which the first, second, and third welding sequences are combined into a welding pass cycle. By optimizing the control logic of the electronic controller, detailed control is performed according to the characteristics of each cyclic welding pass.

[0090] (3) The embodiment of the present invention uses a high-frequency control signal of 200 Hz to achieve rapid response and precise control of the arc shape. This high-frequency control not only improves welding efficiency, but also ensures the quality and consistency of the weld, reduces the difficulty of subsequent machining and painting, and improves production efficiency. Traditional welding methods usually cannot achieve such high control accuracy and response speed.

[0091] Figure 4 An example of a physical structure diagram of an electronic device is shown in FIG. Figure 4 As shown, the electronic device may include: a processor 410, a communication interface 420, a memory 430 and a communication bus 440, wherein the processor 410, the communication interface 420 and the memory 430 communicate with each other through the communication bus 440. The processor 410 may call the logic instructions in the memory 430 to execute the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method, which includes: starting the laser and the welding power supply, so that the laser head shoots the laser toward the weld, and the arc welding gun starts the arc at the same time; controlling the arc welding gun and the laser head to cyclically move along the welding direction of the weld through the motion mechanism, and during the welding process, periodically controlling the switching of the three circuits through the electronic controller to realize the control of the arc shape to the left, right and directly facing the center of the weld during the welding process.

[0092] In addition, the logic instructions in the above-mentioned memory 430 can be implemented in the form of a software functional unit and can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium when it is sold or used as an independent product. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc. Various media that can store program codes.

[0093] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative, wherein the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the modules may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the scheme of this embodiment. Ordinary technicians in this field can understand and implement it without paying creative labor.

[0094] Through the description of the above implementation methods, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each implementation method can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform, and of course, can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solution is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, a disk, an optical disk, etc., including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in each embodiment or some parts of the embodiments.

[0095] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent replacements for some of the technical features therein. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device, characterized in that: include: Three circuits are connected to the left wall, the right wall and the lower part of the weld respectively; An electronic controller, the electronic controller is connected to the welding power source and the three circuits respectively, and is used to control the switching of the three circuits; A laser head, the laser head is located above the weld of the weldment and is used to direct laser light toward the weld; A laser, which transmits laser light to the laser head via an optical fiber; An arc welding gun, the arc welding gun is located above the weld of the weldment, and the arc welding gun is connected to a welding power source; The laser and the welding power supply are started, so that the laser head directs the laser toward the weld and the arc welding gun simultaneously strikes an arc. Under the control of the motion mechanism, the arc welding gun and the laser head perform cyclic welding along the weld. During the welding process, the electronic controller periodically controls the switching of the three circuits to achieve control of the arc shape to the left, right and directly toward the center of the weld during the welding process.

2. The single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electronic controller comprises a microcontroller, a solid-state relay and a single-pole three-way switch, wherein the microcontroller is connected to the solid-state relay and the single-pole three-way switch in sequence, and the single-pole three-way switch is connected to the three circuits respectively; The microcontroller generates a control signal, and outputs the control signal to the single-pole three-way switch via the solid-state relay, so as to control the single-pole three-way switch to be connected to one of the circuits.

3. The single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: In each time period, the motion mechanism controls the arc welding gun and the laser head to perform cyclic motion along the weld using an N-layer N-pass welding method, and the electronic controller generates multiple control signals to periodically control the switching of the three circuits; wherein N is an integer greater than 1.

4. The single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the case of three-layer three-pass welding: When welding the first weld bead, in each first cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld seam and keeps it for a first time through the control signal, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment and keeps it for a second time through the control signal, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment and keeps it for a third time through the control signal; When welding the second weld bead, in each second cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through the control signal and keeps it for a fourth time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through the control signal and keeps it for a fifth time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through the control signal and keeps it for a sixth time period; When welding the third weld, in each third cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through the control signal and maintains it for the seventh time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through the control signal and maintains it for the eighth time period, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through the control signal and maintains it for the ninth time period.

5. The single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One end of the three-way circuit is respectively connected to the geometric center of the left wall of the weldment, the geometric center of the right wall of the weldment and the geometric center of the lower part of the weld, and the other end of the three-way circuit is connected in parallel with the electronic controller.

6. The single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The current of the welding power supply is 150 ~ 250 A, and the welding is performed in double pulse mode; The angle between the arc welding gun and the vertical direction is set to 30°; The laser head performs welding perpendicular to the welding surface, the laser power of the laser head is set to 2000 ~ 5000 W, and the welding speed is set to 1 ~ 2 m / min.

7. A single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method, used for the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The method comprises: Starting the laser and the welding power supply, so that the laser head emits laser light toward the weld, and the arc welding gun starts arcing at the same time; The arc welding gun and the laser head are controlled to move cyclically along the welding direction of the weld by a motion mechanism, and during the welding process, the electronic controller periodically controls the switching of the three circuits to achieve control of the arc shape to the left, right and directly facing the center of the weld during the welding process.

8. The single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method according to claim 7, characterized in that: The arc welding gun and the laser head are controlled to move cyclically along the welding direction of the weld by a motion mechanism, and the switching of the three circuits is periodically controlled by the electronic controller during the welding process, including: In each time period, the arc welding gun and the laser head are controlled by the motion mechanism to perform cyclical motion along the weld using an N-layer N-pass welding method, and during the welding process, a plurality of control signals are generated by the electronic controller to periodically control the switching of the three circuits; wherein N is an integer greater than 1.

9. The single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method according to claim 8, characterized in that: In the case of three-layer three-pass welding, the electronic controller generates a plurality of control signals to periodically control the switching of the three circuits, specifically including: When welding the first weld bead, in each first cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld seam and keeps it for a first time through the control signal, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment and keeps it for a second time through the control signal, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment and keeps it for a third time through the control signal; When welding the second weld bead, in each second cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through the control signal and keeps it for a fourth time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through the control signal and keeps it for a fifth time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through the control signal and keeps it for a sixth time period; When welding the third weld, in each third cycle, the electronic controller switches the circuit to connect with the lower part of the weld through the control signal and maintains it for the seventh time period, then switches the circuit to connect with the left wall of the weldment through the control signal and maintains it for the eighth time period, and then switches the circuit to connect with the right wall of the weldment through the control signal and maintains it for the ninth time period.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the program, the single-wire laser-arc hybrid welding method according to any one of claims 7 to 9 is implemented.

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