High-performance prefabricated part forming process

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of buildings, and discloses a high-performance prefabricated part forming process which comprises the following preparation steps: step 1, preparing raw materials: preparing Portland slag cement, limestone, pebbles, mountain sand, water, a high-efficiency polycarboxylate superplasticizer and an air entraining agent in parts by mass according to a formula; step 2, mixing: adding the Portland slag cement, the limestone, the pebbles and the mountain sand into a stirrer in parts by mass, fully mixing for 5-8 minutes, then sequentially adding the water, the efficient polycarboxylate superplasticizer and the air entraining agent, continuously stirring for 3-6 minutes to form a mixture, and detecting the slump and the expansion degree; 3, forming is conducted, specifically, the mixed concrete is poured into a mold, pressure is applied, and vibration is conducted; 4, curing, wherein curing is conducted according to the hydration characteristic of the concrete; and fifthly, automatic facilities are arranged, wherein automatic programs and automatic equipment are used for raw material preparation, mixing, forming and curing, and the prefabricated part has the advantages of being low in cost and high in flexibility and utilization rate.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of construction, in particular to a high-performance prefabricated component forming process. Background Art

[0002] In the modern construction industry, prefabricated components are widely used due to their advantages such as high efficiency and environmental protection. However, there are some significant defects and limitations in the existing technology, which affect its further promotion and application. In the current prefabricated component production process, dimensional deviation control is still an important issue. Due to insufficient mold precision or improper operation, the size of the finished component deviates from the design specifications, which not only affects the installation quality of the component, but also may cause structural safety hazards of the entire building. Secondly, in terms of material utilization, traditional processes often cause a lot of waste. Improper handling of scraps and remaining materials during production not only increases costs, but also pollutes the environment. In addition, low maintenance efficiency is also a major bottleneck of the existing technology. Prefabricated components need to be maintained under certain conditions to ensure their strength and durability, but traditional maintenance methods are time-consuming, unstable, and easily affected by environmental factors. Finally, there are also deficiencies in design and flexibility. Many prefabricated components lack standardization and modularization in design, cannot adapt to diverse building needs, and limit their application in complex buildings. These problems urgently need to be solved through technological innovation and improvement to promote the further development of the prefabricated component industry. Summary of the invention

[0003] 1. Technical issues to be resolved

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a high-performance prefabricated component forming process, which has the advantages of precise control of dimensional deviations, high material utilization, low cost and high design flexibility. It solves the problems that the current process cannot accurately control the dimensional deviations of components, and has low material utilization, high cost and insufficient design flexibility.

[0005] (II) Technical solution

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a high-performance prefabricated component forming process, comprising the following steps:

[0007] Step 1: Prepare raw materials: prepare slag silicate cement, limestone, pebbles, mountain sand, water, high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer and air entraining agent in the formula;

[0008] Step 2: Mixing: Add slag silicate cement, limestone, pebbles and mountain sand into the mixer according to the mass ratio, mix thoroughly for 5-8 minutes, then add water, high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer and air entraining agent in sequence, continue to stir for 3-6 minutes to form a mixture, and test the slump and spread;

[0009] Step 3: Forming: Pour the mixed concrete into the mold, apply pressure and vibrate;

[0010] Step 4: Curing: Curing according to the hydration characteristics of concrete;

[0011] Step 5. Automated facilities: Automated procedures and equipment are used from raw material preparation, mixing, molding and curing.

[0012] Preferably, the raw materials in step 1 include cement, aggregate and admixtures, and the raw materials and their mass parts range are: 10-15 mass parts of slag silicate cement; 8-15 mass parts of limestone; 33-37 mass parts of pebbles; 14-18 mass parts of mountain sand; 12-16 mass parts of water; 1.6-2.4 mass parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer; and 0.05-0.15 mass parts of air entraining agent.

[0013] Preferably, the cement is slag silicate cement, with a strength grade of >42.5, and a setting time of: initial setting time shall not be earlier than 45 minutes, final setting time shall be less than 400 minutes, and shall pass the boiling method test.

[0014] Preferably, the aggregate is divided into coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The coarse aggregate uses continuously graded limestone and pebbles with a particle size of 5-31.5 mm, a mud content of less than 1%, and a needle-like particle content of less than 5%. The fine aggregate uses mountain sand with a fineness modulus between 2.3-3.0 and a mud content of less than 3%.

[0015] Preferably, the admixture comprises a water reducing agent and an air entraining agent, the water reducing agent adopts a high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent, the water reducing rate is 25% to 30%, the dosage of the air entraining agent is 0.005% to 0.01% of the total amount of the cementitious material, and the air content is controlled at 3% to 6%.

[0016] Preferably, the slump of the mixture in step 2 is controlled between 60-70 mm, the fluidity of the expansion is controlled between 30-50 mm, the initial setting time is controlled between 1.2-3.0, and the final setting time is controlled between 4.5-5.0.

[0017] Preferably, the molding conditions in step three are: the pressure is controlled at 15-25 MPa, and the vibration frequency is controlled at 10000-11000 times / minute.

[0018] Preferably, the curing process in step 4 is:

[0019] S4.1. Perform hot mold maintenance: Heat the mold: Before pouring concrete, preheat the mold to a temperature of 40-60 ℃ , heating time is 15-20min;

[0020] S4.2, Casting and molding: Pour the concrete into the heated mold and immediately vibrate it for 10-18 minutes;

[0021] S4.3, Insulation and maintenance: Cover the concrete surface with plastic film for 24-32 hours;

[0022] S4.4. Demoulding and subsequent curing: After the initial hardening is completed, demoulding is carried out and the molded components are moved to an environment with a temperature of 25-30°C for further curing until the design strength is reached.

[0023] Preferably, the raw materials and their weight parts are: 14 weight parts of slag silicate cement; 9 weight parts of limestone; 35 weight parts of pebbles; 16 weight parts of mountain sand; 13 weight parts of water; 1.9 weight parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer; and 0.06 weight parts of air entraining agent.

[0024] Preferably, the raw materials and their weight parts are: 11 weight parts of slag silicate cement; 14 weight parts of limestone; 36 weight parts of pebbles; 15 weight parts of mountain sand; 16 weight parts of water; 1.8 weight parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer; and 0.10 weight parts of air entraining agent.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a high-performance prefabricated component forming process, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0026] 1. The present invention can improve the material utilization rate by 10%-20% by accurately controlling the dosage of cement, aggregate and admixture, thereby reducing the cost of raw materials. In the production process, the use of raw materials is more accurate. The optimized mix ratio design and precise feeding control are helpful to reduce the waste of materials. The use of intelligent automatic continuous production equipment can realize large-scale and automated production of prefabricated components, greatly improving production efficiency. Compared with the traditional on-site construction method, the prefabricated component processing plant of the present invention can produce more components in the same time, increase the output per unit time, thereby sharing the fixed cost and reducing the production cost of a single component.

[0027] 2. The present invention prepares prefabricated components in advance, so that the installation speed at the construction site is fast, which can shorten the construction period of the project. After the prefabricated components are produced in the factory, they are transported to the site for direct installation, which can reduce on-site wet operations and waiting time. Therefore, the shortening of the construction period can not only reduce labor costs and equipment rental costs, but also enable the project to be put into use earlier, bringing early benefits to the owner.

[0028] 3. The present invention enables the molds used in the production of prefabricated components to be reused multiple times to reduce the mold cost. High-quality molds can be used dozens or even hundreds of times after reasonable design and maintenance. The mold cost allocated to each component is very low, and the standardized design of the mold enhances the universality of the molds between different projects, further improving the utilization rate of the mold.

[0029] 4. The preparation process of the present invention adopts advanced production equipment and precise control technology, which can make the dimensional accuracy of prefabricated components reach a higher level, so that the dimensional deviation of the components can be controlled within a very small range to ensure the splicing accuracy and installation quality between the components. However, the ordinary process is limited by equipment and technology, and the dimensional accuracy is relatively low, which will cause problems such as excessive gaps and uneven splicing when the components are installed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the steps of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] See also Figure 1 , a high-performance prefabricated component forming process, comprising the following steps:

[0033] Step 1: Prepare raw materials: prepare slag silicate cement, limestone, pebbles, mountain sand, water, high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer and air entraining agent in the formula;

[0034] Step 2: Mixing: Add slag silicate cement, limestone, pebbles and mountain sand into the mixer according to the mass ratio, mix thoroughly for 5-8 minutes, then add water, high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer and air entraining agent in sequence, continue to stir for 3-6 minutes to form a mixture, and test the slump and spread to ensure that the slump and spread meet the requirements;

[0035] Step 3: Forming: Pour the mixed concrete into the mold, apply pressure and vibrate to ensure that the concrete is dense and free of bubbles;

[0036] Step 4: Maintenance: Perform maintenance according to the hydration characteristics of the concrete to ensure that its strength and durability meet the design requirements;

[0037] Step 5. Automated facilities: Automated procedures and equipment are used from raw material preparation, mixing, molding and curing.

[0038] The advantages are: by preparing prefabricated components in advance, the installation speed at the construction site can be fast, which can shorten the construction period of the project. After the prefabricated components are produced in the factory, they are transported to the site for direct installation, which can reduce on-site wet operations and waiting time. Therefore, the shortening of the construction period can not only reduce labor costs and equipment rental costs, but also enable the project to be put into use in advance, bringing early benefits to the owner. In addition, prefabricated and assembled construction will reduce on-site wet operations and the generation of construction waste. The large amount of construction waste generated in the traditional construction method needs to be cleaned and transported, which will increase additional costs. The construction waste generated during the installation of the prefabricated components of the present invention is very small, which is beneficial to environmental protection and will also reduce waste disposal costs, thereby reducing costs.

[0039] Specifically, the raw materials in step 1 include cement, aggregate and admixture, and the raw materials and their mass parts range are: 10-15 mass parts of slag silicate cement; 8-15 mass parts of limestone; 33-37 mass parts of pebbles; 14-18 mass parts of mountain sand; 12-16 mass parts of water; 1.6-2.4 mass parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer; and 0.05-0.15 mass parts of air entraining agent.

[0040] Specifically, the cement selected is slag silicate cement, whose strength grade is >42.5, and its setting time: the initial setting time shall not be earlier than 45 minutes, the final setting time shall be less than 400 minutes, and it shall pass the boiling method test.

[0041] Specifically, aggregates are divided into coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The coarse aggregate uses continuously graded limestone and pebbles with a particle size of 5-31.5 mm, a mud content of less than 1%, and a needle-like particle content of less than 5%. The fine aggregate uses mountain sand with a fineness modulus between 2.3-3.0 and a mud content of less than 3% to ensure the density and strength of the concrete.

[0042] Specifically, the admixture includes a water reducing agent and an air entraining agent. The water reducing agent adopts a high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with a water reduction rate of 25% to 30% to improve the workability and fluidity of the concrete. The dosage of the air entraining agent is 0.005% to 0.01% of the total amount of the cementitious material, and the air content is controlled at 3% to 6% to improve the frost resistance and durability of the concrete.

[0043] The advantages are: by accurately controlling the amount of cement, aggregate and admixture, the material utilization rate can be increased by 10%-20%, thereby reducing the cost of raw materials. In the production process, the use of raw materials is more accurate. Through optimized mix design and precise feeding control, it helps to reduce material waste. The use of intelligent automatic continuous production equipment can realize large-scale and automated production of prefabricated components, greatly improving production efficiency. Compared with traditional on-site construction methods, the prefabricated component processing plant of the present invention can produce more components in the same time, increase the output per unit time, thereby sharing the fixed cost and reducing the production cost of a single component.

[0044] Specifically, the slump of the mixture in step 2 is controlled between 60-70 mm to ensure the molding quality of the precast components, the fluidity of the expansion is controlled between 30-50 mm, the initial setting time is controlled between 1.2-3.0, and the final setting time is controlled between 4.5-5.0 to prevent the concrete from solidifying prematurely during the molding process. The final setting time should be moderate to ensure sufficient construction time.

[0045] The advantages are: the preparation process uses advanced production equipment and precise control technology, which can make the dimensional accuracy of prefabricated components reach a higher level, so that the dimensional deviation of the components can be controlled within a very small range to ensure the splicing accuracy and installation quality between components. Ordinary processes are limited by equipment and technology, and the dimensional accuracy is relatively low, which will cause problems such as excessive gaps and uneven splicing when the components are installed.

[0046] Specifically, the molding conditions in step three are: the pressure is controlled at 15-25 MPa, the vibration frequency is controlled at 10,000-11,000 times / minute, and the vibration time is adjusted according to the actual situation to ensure that the concrete is dense and free of bubbles.

[0047] Specifically, the maintenance process in step 4 is:

[0048] S4.1. Perform hot mold curing: Heat the mold: Before pouring concrete, preheat the mold to a temperature of 40-60°C for 15-20 minutes, which helps to increase the initial temperature of the concrete and accelerate the hydration reaction;

[0049] S4.2, Casting and molding: Pour the concrete into the heated mold and immediately vibrate it for 10-18 minutes to ensure that the concrete is evenly distributed and free of bubbles;

[0050] S4.3, Insulation and curing: Cover the concrete surface with plastic film to maintain the temperature and humidity inside the mold, and continue covering for 24-32 hours;

[0051] S4.4. Demoulding and subsequent curing: After the initial hardening is completed, demoulding is carried out and the molded components are moved to an environment with a temperature of 25-30°C for further curing until the design strength is reached.

[0052] Example 1

[0053] Specifically, the raw materials and their mass parts are: 14 mass parts of slag silicate cement; 9 mass parts of limestone; 35 mass parts of pebbles; 16 mass parts of mountain sand; 13 mass parts of water; 1.9 mass parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent; 0.06 mass parts of air-entraining agent (the particle size of the pebbles is controlled at 5-31.5mm, and the fineness modulus of the mountain sand is between 2.3-3.0).

[0054] Example 2

[0055] Specifically, the raw materials and their mass parts are: 11 mass parts of slag silicate cement; 14 mass parts of limestone; 36 mass parts of pebbles; 15 mass parts of mountain sand; 16 mass parts of water; 1.8 mass parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water reducer; 0.10 mass parts of air entraining agent (the particle size of the pebbles is controlled at 5-31.5mm, and the fineness modulus of the mountain sand is between 2.3-3.0).

[0056] Example 3

[0057] The raw materials and their weight parts are: 15 weight parts of slag silicate cement; 8 weight parts of limestone; 33-37 weight parts of pebbles; 18 weight parts of mountain sand; 16 weight parts of water; 2.1 weight parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylate water-reducing agent; 0.05 weight parts of air-entraining agent (the water-reducing rate of the high-efficiency polycarboxylate water-reducing agent is 25% to 30%, the dosage of the air-entraining agent is 0.005% to 0.01% of the total amount of cementitious materials, and the air content is controlled at 3% to 6%).

[0058] Comparative Example 1

[0059] Specifically, the raw materials and their mass parts are: 14 mass parts of slag silicate cement; 9 mass parts of limestone; 35 mass parts of pebbles; 16 mass parts of mountain sand; 13 mass parts of water; 1.9 mass parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water reducer; 0.06 mass parts of air entraining agent (the particle size of the pebbles is controlled at 50-100mm, and the fineness modulus of the mountain sand is between 5.0-7.0).

[0060] Raw materials and proportions: the same as in Example 1, except that the pebble size is adjusted to 50-100 mm, and the mountain sand fineness modulus is adjusted to 5.0-7.0.

[0061] Analysis: Larger pebble particle size and higher mountain sand fineness modulus will lead to a decrease in the workability of concrete, affecting the molding quality and durability of components.

[0062] Comparative Example 2

[0063] Specifically, the raw materials and their mass parts are: 11 mass parts of slag silicate cement; 14 mass parts of limestone; 36 mass parts of stone rock; 15 mass parts of artificial sand; 16 mass parts of water; 1.8 mass parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water reducer; 0.10 mass parts of air entraining agent (pebbles are replaced with stone rock, the particle size is controlled at 50-100mm, and mountain sand is replaced with artificial sand, the fineness modulus is between 5.0-7.0).

[0064] Raw materials and proportions: the same as those in Example 2, except that pebbles are replaced by rocks, mountain sand is replaced by artificial sand, the particle size is controlled at 50-100 mm, and the fineness modulus is adjusted to 5.0-7.0.

[0065] Analysis: The use of rocks and artificial sand will affect the grade workability of concrete. Larger particle size and higher fineness modulus are also not conducive to the uniformity and durability of concrete.

[0066] Comparative Example 3

[0067] The raw materials and their weight parts are: 15 weight parts of slag silicate cement; 8 weight parts of limestone; 33-37 weight parts of pebbles; 18 weight parts of mountain sand; 16 weight parts of water; 2.1 weight parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylate water-reducing agent; 0.03 weight parts of air-entraining agent (the water-reducing rate of the high-efficiency polycarboxylate water-reducing agent is 10% to 15%, the dosage of the air-entraining agent is 0.003% to 0.09% of the total amount of cementitious materials, and the air content is controlled at 3% to 6%).

[0068] Raw materials and proportions: the same as those in Example 3, except that the water reduction rate of the high-efficiency polycarboxylate water-reducing agent is adjusted to 10% to 15%, the dosage is 0.03% of the total amount of the cementitious material, and the dosage of the air-entraining agent is adjusted to 0.003% of the cementitious material.

[0069] Analysis: The lower water reduction rate and air entraining agent dosage are not enough to provide sufficient workability, affecting the pouring continuity and molding parameters of concrete.

[0070] index Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Example 2 Comparative Example 2 Example 3 Comparative Example 3 Dimensional deviation ±1mm ±3mm ±1.5mm ±4mm ±0.5mm ±2mm toughness <![CDATA[10MPa·m 3 ]]> <![CDATA[6MPa·m 3 ]]> <![CDATA[12MPa·m 3 ]]> <![CDATA[8MPa·m 3 ]]> <![CDATA[15MPa·m 3 ]]> <![CDATA[9MPa·m 3 ]]> Crack resistance 0.1mm 0.3mm 0.05mm 0.4mm 0.03mm 0.2mm Production efficiency 120 pieces / hour 80 pieces / hour 130 pieces / hour 75 pieces / hour 150 pieces / hour 90 pieces / hour Maintenance efficiency 12 hours 24 hours 10 hours 22 hours 8 hours 20 hours Material utilization 98％ 90％ 99％ 88％ 97％ 92％ Environmental protection 9 7 9.5 6 10 8 Design Flexibility 8 6 9 5 10 7 Production costs $50 / item $70 / piece $45 / piece $65 / piece $48 / piece $68 / piece

[0071] It can be clearly seen from the table that the embodiments are superior to the comparative examples in terms of dimensional deviation, toughness, crack resistance, production efficiency, maintenance efficiency, material utilization, environmental protection and design flexibility. The embodiments show higher performance and efficiency, and the production cost of the embodiments is lower than that of the comparative examples. Therefore, the embodiments are more suitable for construction projects with high requirements, meet the high energy-saving performance of the building, enable the prefabricated decorative components to improve the aesthetics of the building, have stronger competitiveness, obtain higher sales prices, and bring greater economic benefits.

[0072] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A high-performance prefabricated component forming process, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: Prepare raw materials: prepare slag silicate cement, limestone, pebbles, mountain sand, water, high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer and air entraining agent in the formula; Step 2: Mixing: Add slag silicate cement, limestone, pebbles and mountain sand into the mixer according to the mass ratio, mix thoroughly for 5-8 minutes, then add water, high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer and air entraining agent in sequence, continue to stir for 3-6 minutes to form a mixture, and test the slump and spread; Step 3: Forming: Pour the mixed concrete into the mold, apply pressure and vibrate; Step 4: Curing: Curing according to the hydration characteristics of concrete; Step 5. Automated facilities: Automated procedures and equipment are used from raw material preparation, mixing, molding and curing.

2. A high-performance prefabricated component forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials in step 1 include cement, aggregate and admixtures, and the raw materials and their mass parts range are: 10-15 mass parts of slag silicate cement; 8-15 mass parts of limestone; 33-37 mass parts of pebbles; 14-18 mass parts of mountain sand; 12-16 mass parts of water; 1.6-2.4 mass parts of high-efficiency polycarboxylate water reducer; and 0.05-0.15 mass parts of air entraining agent.

3. A high-performance prefabricated component forming process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The cement is selected from slag silicate cement, the strength grade of which is greater than 42.5, and the setting time thereof: the initial setting time shall not be earlier than 45 minutes, the final setting time shall be less than 400 minutes, and it shall pass the boiling method test.

4. A high-performance prefabricated component forming process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The aggregate is divided into coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. The coarse aggregate uses continuously graded limestone and pebbles with a particle size of 5-31.5 mm, a mud content of less than 1%, and a needle-like particle content of less than 5%. The fine aggregate uses mountain sand with a fineness modulus between 2.3 and 3.0, and a mud content of less than 3%.

5. A high-performance prefabricated component forming process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The admixture comprises a water reducing agent and an air entraining agent. The water reducing agent adopts a high-efficiency polycarboxylic acid water reducing agent with a water reducing rate of 25% to 30%. The dosage of the air entraining agent is 0.005% to 0.01% of the total amount of the cementitious material, and the air content is controlled at 3% to 6%.

6. A high-performance prefabricated component forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step 2, the slump of the mixture is controlled between 60-70 mm, the fluidity of the expansion is controlled between 30-50 mm, the initial setting time is controlled between 1.2-3.0, and the final setting time is controlled between 4.5-5.

0.

7. A high-performance prefabricated component forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The molding conditions in step three are: the pressure is controlled at 15-25 MPa, and the vibration frequency is controlled at 10000-11000 times / minute.

8. The high-performance prefabricated component forming process according to claim 1, characterized in that: The curing process in step 4 is as follows: S4.

1. Perform hot mold maintenance: Heat the mold: Before pouring concrete, preheat the mold to a temperature of 40-60°C for 15-20 minutes; S4.2, Casting and molding: Pour the concrete into the heated mold and immediately vibrate it for 10-18 minutes; S4.3, Insulation and maintenance: Cover the concrete surface with plastic film for 24-32 hours; S4.

4. Demoulding and subsequent curing: After the initial hardening is completed, demoulding is carried out and the molded components are moved to an environment with a temperature of 25-30°C for further curing until the design strength is reached.

9. A high-performance prefabricated component forming process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The raw materials and their weight parts are: 14 weight parts of slag silicate cement; 9 weight parts of limestone; 35 parts by mass of pebbles; 16 parts by mass of mountain sand; 13 parts by mass of water; 1.9 parts by mass of high-efficiency polycarboxylate water-reducing agent; 0.06 parts by mass of air-entraining agent.

10. A high-performance prefabricated component forming process according to claim 2, characterized in that: The raw materials and their weight parts are: 11 weight parts of slag silicate cement; 14 weight parts of limestone; 36 parts by mass of pebbles; 15 parts by mass of mountain sand; 16 parts by mass of water; 1.8 parts by mass of high-efficiency polycarboxylate water-reducing agent; 0.10 parts by mass of air-entraining agent.

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