System for monitoring vehicle fleet integrity and corresponding method

Abstract

A system for monitoring vehicle fleet integrity is described. The fleet comprises: a first vehicle (V1) and at least one second vehicle (V2) connected to the first vehicle (V1); a communication line (204) arranged to be installed in the first vehicle (V1) and at least one second vehicle (V2); and a power supply line (206) arranged to be installed in the first vehicle (V1) and the at least one second vehicle (V2). The system comprises an electronic control device (208) arranged to be installed in a second vehicle (V2) and arranged to:-verify whether the communication line (204) is interrupted and whether the power supply line (206) is interrupted; and determining that the second vehicle (V2) has been disconnected from the first vehicle (V1) when the electronic control device determines that both the communication line (204) and the power supply line (206) are interrupted according to the verification. A corresponding method is also described.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to the field of vehicle fleets; in particular, the present invention relates to a system and corresponding method for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet, especially a railway fleet. Background Art

[0002] There is an increasing demand for the digitization of vehicle fleets, such as trucks.

[0003] Digitalization is necessary to increase the competitiveness of vehicle fleets vis-à-vis other modes of transport.

[0004] like Figure 1 As can be seen in FIG. 1 , digitization already requires the presence of power supply lines 100 and communication lines 102 along the vehicles V1 , V2 of the fleet.

[0005] A vehicle fleet is a number of vehicles that are interconnected.

[0006] For example, a fleet of vehicles might include:

[0007] - a first vehicle V1 , for example a locomotive; and

[0008] - At least one second vehicle V2, for example one or more trailers connected to the lead vehicle.

[0009] In the prior art, power lines and / or communication lines can be used to determine the composition of the vehicle fleet. These solutions allow for a shift from manual visual verification to an automated process.

[0010] Typically, the detection of the composition of the vehicle convoy is directed by a control device installed in the first vehicle (eg, in the lead vehicle) or by a control device installed on the ground. The detected composition of the vehicle convoy can be compared with the expected composition of the vehicle convoy.

[0011] This formal verification is important in order to understand the length of the convoy and the braking capabilities of the convoy. This verification is also mandatory for convoys to be put into use on the main network.

[0012] The at least one second vehicle V2 and the first vehicle V1 may each comprise a coupling device, such as an automatic digital coupler.

[0013] Generally, the automatic digital coupler is able to remotely decouple at least one second vehicle V2 from the fleet for manoeuvring operations.The command request may be sent, for example, by a control device installed in the first vehicle V1 or by a control device on the ground.

[0014] When the automatic digital coupler of one vehicle is in a coupled state with the automatic digital coupler of another vehicle, the valve element coupled to the main pipeline (brake pipeline) of the vehicle may enter an open state, which allows brake fluid (e.g., compressed air) to flow from one vehicle to the other vehicle. When the automatic digital coupler of one vehicle is in an uncoupled state (i.e., not coupled to the automatic digital coupler of another vehicle), the valve element coupled to the main pipeline (brake pipeline) of the vehicle may enter a closed state, thereby isolating the main pipeline installed in such a vehicle.

[0015] Due to the design of the automatic digital coupler, the decoupling process of normal operation provides for a simultaneous decoupling of two coupled automatic digital couplers, which allows minimizing the wear of the automatic digital couplers.

[0016] Disadvantageously, for an automatic digital coupler, simply assuming the decoupling conditions is sufficient for effective decoupling.

[0017] The first vehicle V1 may request to decouple at least one second vehicle V2 included in the vehicle fleet, which means that the control device of the at least one second vehicle may perform a decoupling action of the automatic coupler under its management.

[0018] Since it is sufficient for an effective decoupling of the vehicles to have only one automatic digital coupler in the decoupling state, and since the coupling or decoupling state of the valve element of the automatic coupler (which is associated with the main pipeline) is linked to the coupling / decoupling state of the automatic digital coupler, a fault may lead to an excessive decoupling situation of at least one second vehicle V2, thereby causing the railway fleet to be split in two, wherein one part of the vehicle fleet cannot be braked.

[0019] The situation is thus as follows: in the event of an excessive decoupling by the automatic coupler of at least one second vehicle V2, this decoupled at least one second vehicle V2 will be separated from the original vehicle fleet and the valve element of the second vehicle disconnected from the vehicle fleet, which is associated with the main pipeline, is in a closed state in the automatic digital coupler, i.e. it is assumed to be in a decoupled state. Consequently, the separated at least one second vehicle V2 will not be able to perform braking, since the main pipeline will remain pressurized due to the closure of the valve element. In this case, the at least one second vehicle disconnected from the railway fleet can move freely and in an uncontrolled manner, since the possibility of performing braking will not be ensured. Summary of the invention

[0020] One object of the present invention is to provide a solution that allows quickly identifying situations in which at least one vehicle of a fleet of vehicles has been excessively disconnected from said fleet.

[0021] Another object of the present invention is to provide a solution which ensures that if at least one vehicle is disconnected from the convoy of vehicles, it is still possible to brake the at least one vehicle disconnected from the convoy.

[0022] According to one aspect of the invention, the above and other objects and advantages are achieved by a system for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet having the features defined in claim 1 and according to another aspect of the invention by a method for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet having the features defined in claim 10. Preferred embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims, the content of which shall be understood as an integral part of the present description. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The functions and structural features of some preferred embodiments of the system and corresponding method for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet according to the present invention will now be described. Please refer to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0024] - Figure 1 An exemplary fleet of vehicles according to the prior art is shown;

[0025] - Figure 2 A first embodiment of a system for monitoring the integrity of a fleet of vehicles according to the present invention is shown;

[0026] - Figure 3 Another embodiment of a system for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet according to the present invention is shown;

[0027] - Figure 4 Another embodiment of a system for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet according to the present invention is shown;

[0028] - Figure 5 Another embodiment of a system for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet according to the present invention is shown;

[0029] - Figure 6 Yet another embodiment of a system for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet according to the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] Before explaining in detail a number of embodiments of the present invention, it should be clarified that the present invention is not limited in its application to the design details and configurations of the components presented in the following description or shown in the accompanying drawings. The present invention may adopt other embodiments and be implemented or constructed in different ways in practice. It should also be understood that the words and terms have descriptive purposes and should not be interpreted as limiting. The use of "include" and "comprise" and variations thereof are intended to cover the elements listed below and their equivalents as well as additional elements and their equivalents.

[0031] First refer to Figure 2 , a first embodiment of a system for monitoring the integrity of a fleet of vehicles, particularly a railway fleet, is described below.

[0032] The vehicle fleet comprises: a first vehicle V1 and at least one second vehicle V2 connected to the first vehicle V1.

[0033] As can be seen in the figure, for example, in the figure, a first vehicle V1 and at least one second vehicle V2 may be connected so as to be connected in series with each other.

[0034] For example, the first vehicle V1 may include a first coupling device 200, and the second vehicle may include a second coupling device 202. In this case, in order to connect the vehicles, the first coupling device 200 may be connected to the second coupling device 202. In one example, the first coupling device 200 may be arranged to be installed at a first end of the first vehicle, and the second coupling device may be arranged to be installed at a first end of the second vehicle.

[0035] For example, the first coupling device 200 and the second coupling device 202 may each be an automatic digital coupler, or include an automatic digital coupler.

[0036] Furthermore, the vehicle fleet comprises a communication line 204 arranged to be installed in the first vehicle V1 and the at least one second vehicle V2 and a power supply line 206 arranged to be installed in the first vehicle V1 and the at least one second vehicle V2.

[0037] For example, the power supply line 206 may be an analog power supply line or a digital power supply line. Alternatively, preferably, the power supply line 206 may be a safety circuit. For example, in the railway industry, the safety circuit is also referred to as a "safety loop".

[0038] For example, the power supply line 206 may include a first power line segment 206 ′ installed in a first vehicle and connected to a first coupling device, and a second power line segment 206 ″ installed in a second vehicle and connected to a second coupling device.

[0039] In this way, when the first vehicle V1 is connected to the second vehicle V2 via the first coupling device 200 and the second coupling device 202, the first power line segment 206' and the second power line segment 206" can be connected via the first coupling device 200 and the second coupling device 202 so that there is an electrical connection between the two power line segments 206' and 206".

[0040] For example, the first power line segment 206' of the first vehicle V1 can be powered by a power supply device. For example, the power supply device can be a pantograph arranged to draw energy from the contact network. When the first power line segment 206' and the second power line segment 206" are connected via the first coupling device 200 and the second coupling device 202, the power supplied by the power supply device to the first power line segment 206' can also be transmitted in the second power line segment 206", thereby supplying power to the second vehicle V2.

[0041] For example, the communication line 204 may include a first communication line segment 204' installed in a first vehicle and connected to a first coupling device, and a second communication line segment 204", installed in a second vehicle and connected to a second coupling device.

[0042] In this way, when the first vehicle V1 is connected to the second vehicle V2 via the first coupling device 200 and the second coupling device 202, the first communication line segment 204' and the second communication line segment 204" can be connected via the first coupling device 200 and the second coupling device 202 to have a communication channel between the two communication line segments 204', 204".

[0043] For example, the communication line 204 may be a "single pair Ethernet" type of communication line.

[0044] Preferably, the power supply line 206 and the communication line 204 may be "power lines" arranged to allow the transfer of power and communication messages / signals.

[0045] Preferably, the power supply line 206 and the communication line 204 may be redundant.

[0046] The system for monitoring the integrity of a fleet of vehicles comprises electronic control devices 208 arranged to be installed in a second vehicle V2. These electronic control devices 208 are also arranged to verify whether the communication line 204 is interrupted and to verify whether said power supply line 206 is interrupted.

[0047] The electronic control device 208 is further arranged to determine that the second vehicle V2 has been disconnected from the first vehicle V1 when the electronic control device determines based on the verification that both the communication line 204 and the power supply line 206 are interrupted.

[0048] In other words, the electronic control unit 208 is able to determine that there is no longer a connection between the first vehicle V1 and the second vehicle V2.

[0049] For example, the electronic control device 208 may be at least one of the following or include at least one of the following: a computer, a controller, a processor, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a PLC, an FPGA, and the like.

[0050] For example, the system for monitoring the integrity of a fleet of vehicles may also include an internal bus 210 arranged to allow information to be transmitted from the power supply line 206 and / or the communication line 204 to the electronic control device.

[0051] For example, in the railway industry, the electronic control device 208 may be implemented according to a safety integrity level SIL>3, or the electronic control device 208 may include at least two control submodules, and each control submodule may be implemented according to a safety integrity level SIL>=2.

[0052] For example, the first vehicle V1 of the convoy may be a lead vehicle, and the second vehicle V2 may be a trailer connected to the lead vehicle, or vice versa. In another example, the first vehicle V1 of the convoy may be a first trailer, and the second vehicle V2 may be a second trailer connected to the first vehicle V1.

[0053] Preferably, the system for monitoring the integrity of a fleet of vehicles may comprise a current sensor device arranged to be mounted in said second vehicle and to measure the value of a current flowing in the power supply line.

[0054] In this case, the electronic control device 208 may be arranged to determine that the power supply line 206 is interrupted when the current value measured by the current sensor device is zero or less than a predetermined current threshold.

[0055] For example, the current sensor device may include an ammeter or be an ammeter.

[0056] In particular, considering the first power line section 206 ′ and the second power line section 206 ″ of the power supply line, the current sensor arrangement may be arranged to measure a value of a current flowing in the second power line section 206 ″ of the power supply line.

[0057] Preferably, the system for monitoring the integrity of a fleet of vehicles may comprise a voltage sensor device arranged to be installed in said second vehicle V2 and to measure a voltage value of said power supply line 206 .

[0058] In this case, the electronic control device 208 may be arranged to determine that the power supply line 206 is interrupted when the voltage value measured by the voltage sensor device is zero or less than a predetermined voltage threshold.

[0059] For example, the voltage sensor device may include a voltmeter or a voltmeter.

[0060] In particular, considering a first power line section 206 ′ and a second power line section 206 ″ of the power supply line, the current sensor arrangement may be arranged to measure a voltage value of said second power line section 206 ″ of the power supply line.

[0061] Preferably, the electronic control device 208 may be arranged to determine that the communication line 204 is interrupted when the electronic control device 208 does not receive at least one communication message transmitted by the second electronic control device 212 arranged to be installed in the first vehicle V1 via the communication line within at least a predetermined verification period.

[0062] The second electronic control device 212 may be arranged to transmit communication messages via the communication line according to a predetermined transmission period. The content of each communication message may vary so as to be able to verify that the various electronic control devices are free of communication errors or any faults.

[0063] In other words, when the electronic control device 208 does not receive the communication information transmitted by the second electronic control device 212 installed in the first vehicle V1 within at least a predetermined verification period, the electronic control device 208 may determine that the communication line 204 is interrupted.

[0064] For example, the second electronic control device 212 may be at least one of the following or include at least one of the following: a computer, a controller, a processor, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a PLC, an FPGA, and the like.

[0065] Preferably, if Figure 3 As can be observed in FIG. 2 , the electronic control device 208 may also be arranged to activate the braking device 300 of the second vehicle V2 of the vehicle fleet when the electronic control device 208 determines that the second vehicle V2 has been disconnected from the first vehicle V1 .

[0066] For example, the brake device 300 may be pneumatic, electropneumatic, mechanical, electromechanical, or electric.

[0067] For example, the braking device 300 may be arranged to generate a braking force F on at least one wheel or at least one axle of the second vehicle or on at least one braking member coupled to a wheel or an axle.

[0068] For example, when the brake device 300 is pneumatic or electro-pneumatic, the vehicle fleet may include a main pipeline arranged to convey brake fluid. In this case, the brake device 300 may be arranged to receive the brake fluid conveyed by the main pipeline and use the brake fluid to generate braking force.

[0069] For example, the first coupling device 200 of the first vehicle V1 may include a first pneumatic connection device, and the second coupling device 202 of the second vehicle V2 may include a second pneumatic connection device. In this case, the first section of the main pipe may be installed in the first vehicle and connected to the first pneumatic connection device, and the second section of the main pipe may be installed in the second vehicle and connected to the second pneumatic connection device.

[0070] When the first coupling device 200 is connected to the second coupling device 202, the first pneumatic connection device will in turn be connected to the second transmission connection device, so that the second section of the main pipeline is connected to the first section of the main pipeline. On the other hand, when the second coupling device is disconnected from the first coupling device, for example, because the second vehicle V2 is disconnected from the first vehicle V1, the first pneumatic connection device is disconnected from the second pneumatic connection device, so that the second section of the main pipeline is disconnected from the first section of the main pipeline.

[0071] The first pneumatic connection may be associated with the first pneumatic control device and the second pneumatic connection may be associated with the second pneumatic control device.

[0072] When the first coupling device 200 is connected to the second coupling device 202 , the first pneumatic control device and the second pneumatic control device may assume a state allowing the brake fluid to pass between the first section of the main conduit and the second section of the main conduit.

[0073] On the other hand, when the second coupling device is disconnected from the first coupling device (for example, due to the disconnection of the second vehicle V2 from the first vehicle V1), the first pneumatic control device and the second pneumatic control device can be in a state of preventing the brake fluid from passing between the first section of the main pipe and the second section of the main pipe.

[0074] In another example, Figure 4 As can be seen in FIG. 1 , preferably, the system for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet may include at least one valve element 400. In this case, the electronic control device 208 for operating the brake device 300 may be arranged to control the valve element 400 so as to discharge the brake fluid from the second section of the main conduit 402 to the atmosphere.

[0075] In another example, Figure 5 As can be seen in, preferably, the system for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet may include:

[0076] a brake fluid distribution device D connected to the second section of the main duct 402 via at least one valve element 500;

[0077] - a brake cylinder 502 arranged to receive brake fluid from a brake fluid distribution device D;

[0078] A brake applying device 504 arranged to generate a braking force F, wherein the value of this braking force is a function of the brake fluid comprised in the brake cylinder 502 .

[0079] In this case, the electronic control device 208 for operating the brake device may be arranged to control the valve element 500 so as to discharge the brake fluid to the atmosphere before the brake fluid reaches the brake fluid distribution device D.

[0080] In another example, Figure 6 As can be seen in, preferably, the system for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet may include:

[0081] - a brake fluid distribution device D connected to the second section of the main conduit;

[0082] - an auxiliary reservoir 600 arranged to store brake fluid;

[0083] a valve element 602 arranged to receive brake fluid from the brake fluid distribution device D and brake fluid from the auxiliary reservoir and to selectively supply brake fluid from the brake fluid distribution device D or brake fluid from the auxiliary reservoir 600 at an outlet;

[0084] - a brake cylinder arranged to receive brake fluid from the valve element;

[0085] A brake applying device 606 arranged to generate a braking force, wherein the value of the braking force is a function of a brake fluid comprised in the brake cylinder.

[0086] The valve element may be arranged to be normally supplied with brake fluid from the brake fluid distribution device at the outlet.

[0087] The electronic control device 208 for operating the braking device may be arranged to control the valve element 602 so as to supply brake fluid from the auxiliary reservoir to an outlet of the valve element.

[0088] Preferably, the brake device may further comprise a brake control device 604 arranged to regulate the pressure of the brake fluid from the auxiliary reservoir before supplying said brake fluid to the valve element.

[0089] Preferably, the electronic control device 208 may be arranged to activate the braking device 300 of the second vehicle of the vehicle fleet to perform at least one of the following:

[0090] - Emergency braking;

[0091] - Service brake;

[0092] -Parking brake.

[0093] Preferably, the electronic control device 208 may also be arranged to:

[0094] - When the electronic control device 208 determines based on the verification that the communication line 204 is interrupted but the power supply line 206 is not interrupted, a communication failure alarm signal is generated.

[0095] For example, the electronic control unit 208 may be arranged to transmit the communication failure warning signal to an additional ground control unit via the wireless communication device, or to the second electronic control unit 212 of the first vehicle via the second backup communication device.

[0096] Preferably, the electronic control device 208 may also be arranged to:

[0097] When the electronic control device 208 determines based on the verification that the communication line 204 is not interrupted but the power supply line 206 is interrupted, a power failure alarm signal is generated.

[0098] For example, the electronic control unit 208 may be arranged to transmit the power failure warning signal to an additional ground control unit via wireless communication means, or to the second electronic control unit 212 of the first vehicle V1 via the communication line 204 .

[0099] The fact that at least one of the communication line 204 and the power supply line 206 is not interrupted indicates that the vehicles V1 and V2 are still connected, but only the communication line 204 or the power supply line has failed or malfunctioned.

[0100] Otherwise, the situation in which both the communication line 204 and the power supply line 206 are interrupted must be evaluated as the vehicles V1 and V2 being disconnected.

[0101] Preferably, the electronic control device 208 may be arranged to be powered by a local power supply arranged to be installed in the second railway vehicle.

[0102] For example, the local power supply may be or comprise at least one battery.

[0103] In this way, even if the electronic control devices 208 do not receive power from the power supply line 206, their operation can be ensured by the power supply provided by the local power supply.

[0104] If there are a plurality of second vehicles V2 connected in series with each other, each second vehicle V2 may include a corresponding electronic control device 208 .

[0105] In another aspect, the invention relates to a method for monitoring the integrity of a fleet of vehicles, particularly a railway fleet.

[0106] Also in this case, the fleet includes:

[0107] - a first vehicle and at least one second vehicle connected to said first vehicle;

[0108] - a communication line arranged to be installed in said first vehicle and said at least one second vehicle;

[0109] - an electrical supply line arranged to be installed in said first vehicle and in said at least one second vehicle.

[0110] In one embodiment, a method for monitoring the integrity of a fleet of vehicles includes the following steps performed by an electronic control device installed in a second vehicle of the fleet:

[0111] - Verify that the communication line is not interrupted;

[0112] - Verify whether the power supply line is interrupted;

[0113] - When it is determined according to the verification that both the communication line and the power supply line are interrupted, determining that the second vehicle has been disconnected from the first vehicle.

[0114] The embodiments of the system for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet described above (which will not be repeated here) can obviously also be similarly applied to this method.

[0115] The advantages achieved by the present invention aim to provide a solution that allows quickly identifying situations in which at least one vehicle of a fleet of vehicles has been excessively disconnected from the fleet.

[0116] An additional advantage achieved is that a solution is provided which allows that if at least one vehicle in a convoy of vehicles is disconnected from another vehicle, it is still possible for the at least one vehicle disconnected from the convoy to be braked.

[0117] Various aspects and embodiments of a system and corresponding method for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet according to the present invention have been described. It should be understood that each embodiment can be combined with any other embodiment. Furthermore, the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but can be varied within the scope defined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A system for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet, in particular a railway fleet, wherein: The fleet includes: a first vehicle (V1) and at least one second vehicle (V2), the at least one second vehicle being connected to the first vehicle (V1); a communication line (204) arranged to be installed in the first vehicle (V1) and the at least one second vehicle (V2); a power supply circuit (206) arranged to be installed in the first vehicle (V1) and the at least one second vehicle (V2); wherein the system for monitoring the integrity of a fleet of vehicles comprises an electronic control device (208) arranged to be installed in the second vehicle (V2); Wherein, the electronic control device (208) is further arranged to: Verifying whether the communication line (204) is interrupted; Verifying whether the power supply line (206) is interrupted; When the electronic control device determines that both the communication line (204) and the power supply line (206) are interrupted based on the verification, it is determined that the second vehicle (V2) has been disconnected from the first vehicle (V1).

2. The system according to claim 1, comprising a current sensor device, the current sensor device being arranged to: be installed in the second vehicle (V2) and to measure a value of a current flowing in the power supply line (206); in, The electronic control device (208) is arranged to determine that the power supply line (206) is interrupted when the current value measured by the current sensor device is zero or less than a predetermined current threshold.

3. The system according to claim 1, comprising a voltage sensor device, the voltage sensor device being arranged to: be installed in the second vehicle (V2) and measure a voltage value of the power supply line (206); in, The electronic control device (208) is arranged to determine that the power supply line (206) is interrupted when the voltage value measured by the voltage sensor device is zero or below a predetermined voltage threshold.

4. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The electronic control device (208) is arranged to determine that the communication line (204) is interrupted when the electronic control device (208) does not receive at least one communication message transmitted by a second electronic control device (212) arranged to be installed in the first vehicle (V1) via the communication line within at least a predetermined verification period.

5. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: When the electronic control device (208) determines that the second vehicle (V2) has been disconnected from the first vehicle (V1), the electronic control device (208) is further arranged to: A braking device (300) of the second vehicle (V2) of the vehicle fleet is activated.

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein: The electronic control device (208) is arranged to activate the braking device (300) of the second vehicle (V2) of the fleet of vehicles to perform at least one of the following: Emergency braking; Service brake; Parking brake.

7. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The electronic control device (208) is also arranged to: When the electronic control device (208) determines based on the verification that the communication line (204) is interrupted but the power supply line (206) is not interrupted, a communication failure alarm signal is generated.

8. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The electronic control device (208) is also arranged to: When the electronic control device (208) determines based on the verification that the communication line (204) is not interrupted but the power supply line (206) is interrupted, a power failure alarm signal is generated.

9. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The electronic control device (208) is arranged to be powered by a local power supply arranged to be installed in the second vehicle (V2).

10. A method for monitoring the integrity of a vehicle fleet, in particular a railway fleet, wherein: The fleet includes: a first vehicle and at least one second vehicle, the at least one second vehicle being connected to the first vehicle; a communication line arranged to be installed in the first vehicle and the at least one second vehicle; a power supply circuit arranged to be installed in the first vehicle and the at least one second vehicle; The method for monitoring the integrity of a fleet of vehicles comprises the following steps implemented by an electronic control device installed in the second vehicle of the fleet: Verifying whether the communication line is interrupted; Verifying whether the power supply line is interrupted; When it is determined according to the verification that both the communication line and the power supply line are interrupted, it is determined that the second vehicle has been disconnected from the first vehicle.

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