Large steel silo hoisting construction method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a large steel silo hoisting construction method which comprises the steps that components, meeting prefabrication conditions, of a steel silo are prefabricated in a processing plant area; necessary infrastructure construction is conducted on a construction site, and the prefabricated steel silo assembly is conveyed to the construction site; confirming that all mechanical equipment meets the hoisting requirements and has no defect; selecting a lifting lug according to the calculated lifting load, correctly mounting the lifting lug, and carrying out trial lifting operation; a single-vehicle lifting method is used for slowly hooking and lifting the assembly to the position exceeding the installation height through a crane, and then the assembly is rotated to the position over the target position through the rotation action; and after the component is placed at the target position, stabilizing measures are taken for the component. According to the method, most construction steps are transferred to a processing plant area to be completed, so that the site construction time and unnecessary fund waste are reduced. Advanced hoisting technologies such as a single-vehicle hoisting method are adopted, so that the construction period is effectively shortened, and the construction risk is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of building construction, and in particular to a method for hoisting and constructing a large steel silo. Background Art

[0002] The construction of steel plate warehouses often requires step-by-step assembly and welding on site. This traditional method is not only time-consuming and costly, but also difficult to ensure the construction quality due to the uncertainty of construction site conditions, which increases the difficulty of construction and safety hazards.

[0003] Therefore, a new large steel silo hoisting construction plan is needed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to provide a large steel silo hoisting construction method to solve the problems of long time consumption, high cost and great safety hazards in the prior art.

[0005] A large steel silo hoisting construction method comprises the following steps:

[0006] N1: Prefabricate the components of the steel silo that meet the prefabrication conditions in the processing plant area;

[0007] N2: Build necessary infrastructure at the construction site and transport the prefabricated steel silo components to the construction site;

[0008] N3: Confirm that all mechanical equipment meets the lifting requirements and has no defects;

[0009] N4: Select the lifting lugs according to the calculated lifting load, install them correctly, and perform a trial lifting operation;

[0010] N5: Use the bicycle lifting method to slowly lift the component to a position above the installation height by means of a crane, and then rotate the component to just above the target position by means of a slewing motion;

[0011] N6: After the component is placed at the target location, stabilize the component.

[0012] Preferably, before the trial lifting operation is performed in step N4, the following steps are further included:

[0013] Establish spatial entity model;

[0014] Based on the spatial entity model, simulating the hoisting construction process according to the design drawing and the construction plan layout drawing;

[0015] Optimize the position of the lifting equipment based on the simulation results.

[0016] Preferably, the trial lifting operation in step N4 includes:

[0017] Set the straight section of the steel silo to a preset distance from the ground and check the condition of the foundation, crane and rigging;

[0018] After ensuring everything is normal, proceed to step N5.

[0019] Preferably, step N5 further includes:

[0020] When the hoisted component approaches the predetermined position, a progressive hook-dropping action is adopted to gradually lower the component until it is accurately positioned at the target position.

[0021] Preferably, step N6 further includes:

[0022] Check the connection quality of the components after installation, and loosen the hooks and remove the tools used to stabilize them after ensuring the connection is safe and reliable.

[0023] Preferably, step N2 is to construct necessary infrastructure at the construction site, including:

[0024] Plan the access route in advance and ensure that the roadbed bearing capacity meets the requirements.

[0025] Preferably, in step N4, the hoisting load satisfies:

[0026] Q j =k1*Q; where Q j represents the lifting load, k1 represents the dynamic load coefficient, and Q represents the lifting load allocated to a lifting machine, including the weight of the equipment and the sling.

[0027] Preferably, the method further comprises: performing quality inspection on the steel silo structure after installation.

[0028] Preferably, the method further includes: cleaning up the lifting construction site and withdrawing the crane.

[0029] Compared with the existing technology, the beneficial effect of this application is that by moving most of the construction steps to the processing plant area, the stability of the construction environment and the high standard of welding quality are ensured, thereby reducing on-site construction time and unnecessary waste of funds. At the same time, the use of advanced lifting technologies such as the single-car lifting method has achieved effective compression of the construction period and a significant reduction in construction risks, providing a solid guarantee for the safety management and progress control of the project. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a large steel silo hoisting construction method provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side wall plate type lifting ear provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the force on the side wall plate type lifting ear provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of wire rope hoisting provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the hoisting elevation provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0035] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the distribution diagram of the hanging point positions provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0037] The construction method of the present application is particularly suitable for the hoisting of large steel silos with heavy single-body hoisting weight (the straight section of the steel silo is about 103t), large equipment diameter and large volume (18 meters in diameter). Using the construction method of the present application in such a scenario can effectively shorten the construction period and improve the stability of the tank hoisting. Through scientific and reasonable construction processes and advanced technical means, it is ensured that the tank remains in a stable state during the hoisting process, reducing the risks of shaking and displacement, and providing a strong guarantee for the smooth progress of the project. Whether it is the hoisting of tanks in large-scale industrial projects, or other engineering constructions with strict requirements on construction period, weight and volume, the construction method of the present application can become a reliable solution to help the project complete the construction task efficiently and safely.

[0038] See also Figure 1-5 . Figure 1 It is a flow chart of a large steel silo hoisting construction method provided in an embodiment of the present application. The large steel silo hoisting construction method comprises the following steps:

[0039] N1: Prefabricate the components of the steel silo that meet the prefabrication conditions in the processing plant area.

[0040] Most of the components and construction processes of the steel silo that meet the prefabrication conditions are transferred to the processing plant area, making the construction quality easier to control. In the processing plant area, a more stable and suitable environmental condition can be created for the construction, so as to effectively ensure the quality of welding. Whether from the perspective of welding process accuracy or welding firmness, this method can play a great advantage, ensuring that each welding point meets the high-quality standard requirements, thereby improving the welding quality and the overall component accuracy.

[0041] N2: Build necessary infrastructure at the construction site and transport the prefabricated steel silo components to the construction site.

[0042] Use appropriate transportation tools to safely transport the prefabricated steel silo components to the construction site. At the same time, make full preparations on site, including site leveling, compaction, and necessary infrastructure construction to ensure the smooth progress of the lifting operation.

[0043] For example, an 800-ton truck crane is used as the main crane. This heavy-duty crane can provide sufficient lifting capacity and stability to ensure the safe lifting of large tanks (such as a straight section of a steel plate warehouse with a diameter of 18 meters and a weight of about 103 tons).

[0044] Furthermore, for large equipment such as 800-ton truck cranes, it is necessary to plan the approach route in advance and ensure that the roadbed bearing capacity meets the requirements. It may also be necessary to lay special roadbed boxes to disperse the pressure and prevent ground subsidence from affecting lifting safety. For example: the heaviest deadweight of a 500t truck crane in super-lifting conditions is 330t, and the heaviest equipment lifting weight is 103t. The size of the roadbed box is 2500*4000*200, with a total of 4 pieces, each weighing 4t, and an uneven load of 2 times. The specific pressure of the 500t truck crane on the ground is [330+103+16]×2 / [2.5×4.0×4]=22.45t / m 2 The crane station area at the construction site is compacted and leveled, and a 1㎡ steel plate can be laid. A 23-ton weight (counterweight and accessories) is placed on it to verify the foundation bearing capacity. The settlement value is recorded every two hours for 24 hours. If the settlement value is within 10mm and no longer continues to settle, the foundation bearing capacity meets the lifting requirements.

[0045] N3: Confirm that all mechanical equipment meets the lifting requirements and has no defects.

[0046] Before the formal lifting, all mechanical equipment (such as cranes), rigging, clamps, lifting rings, etc. must be thoroughly inspected to confirm that they meet the lifting requirements and have no defects or damage.

[0047] N4: Select the lifting lugs according to the calculated lifting load, install them correctly, and perform a trial lifting operation.

[0048] Calculated lifting load (referred to as calculated load): equal to the dynamic load coefficient multiplied by the lifting load.

[0049] In lifting and hoisting projects, the calculated load is often used as the calculation basis. In the design of lifting projects, multiple cranes are used to lift equipment, and the calculated load borne by one crane is taken into account, and the influence of load movement and load imbalance is taken into account. Furthermore, the lifting load satisfies: Q j =k1*Q; where Q j represents the lifting load, k1 represents the dynamic load coefficient, and Q represents the lifting load allocated to a lifting machine, including the weight of the equipment and the sling.

[0050] like Figure 2-Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the side wall plate type lifting ear provided in an embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a force diagram of the side wall plate type lifting lug provided in the embodiment of the present application. The lifting lugs are selected based on the calculated lifting load, and the lifting lugs are symmetrically arranged on the top of the cylinder. The side wall plate type lifting lugs can be used. For example, each selected lifting lug weighs 0.1262 tons, and the total weight is 1.0096 tons.

[0051] Among them, this embodiment provides formulas for calculating different types of stress, such as vertical tensile stress, combined stress, etc. When the hoisted equipment is in a vertical state, the tensile stress is calculated according to the formula:

[0052] Shear stress is calculated according to the formula:

[0053] Combined stress is calculated according to the formula:

[0054] Wherein, H is the width of the lifting lug, mm; F ​​is the width of the lifting lug plate and the pad plate when not connected, mm; S is the effective thickness of the lifting lug plate; F H is the lateral load F H =mgK / n, F V is the vertical load F V =-F H .tan30°.

[0055] The strength check of the fillet weld connecting the lifting lug and the pad is calculated according to the formula:

[0056] The transverse shear stress is calculated according to the formula:

[0057]

[0058] σ a is the tensile stress of fillet weld σ a =F V / A; A is the fillet weld area A=HS; L is the distance from the eye sling hole to the pad; b is the width of the section at the calculation point; r is the outer radius of the eye plate; m is the net weight of the equipment; S is the effective thickness of the eye plate; H is the length of the fillet weld;

[0059] τ L is the maximum tensile stress in the direction of the lug plate sling (conservative) σ L =-F L / [(L+RD)S]

[0060] τ L is the maximum shear stress in the sling direction of the lug plate τ L =F L / [(2R-D)S]

[0061] Lifting eye plate stress check condition τ L ≤[τ],│τ L │≤[σ]

[0062] τ a is the fillet weld shear stress τ a =F H / A

[0063] σ ab is the fillet weld bending stress σ ab =6M / S / H 2

[0064] σ z is the combined stress σ z =[(σ a +σ ab ) 2 +4τa 2 ]1 / 2

[0065] Stress verification condition σ z ≤[σ].

[0066] The design of the lifting lug fully considers the influence of tensile stress, shear stress and combined stress to ensure that its strength meets the lifting requirements. The fillet weld between the lifting lug and the pad is strictly checked to ensure the welding quality and avoid safety hazards caused by welding defects.

[0067] The number of lifting lugs and the type of hooks should match. The hook setting is determined according to the applicable scope of the lifting lugs and the site conditions, and the spacing should be between 4-8m. As shown in Table 1, the applicable scope of the lifting lugs is:

[0068] Table 1:

[0069]

[0070] The axis of the axial lifting lug should be perpendicular to the axial centerline of the equipment, with a deviation of no more than 0.5. The edge welds of the lifting lug and its pad should reasonably avoid the shell welds and other accessories on the shell. The axial lifting lug pad should be made of a whole plate. When splicing, the number of splicing should not be more than 2 pieces, and the welding joints should be evenly arranged. The cutting surfaces of the lifting lug plate, pad, baffle, inner rib plate and connecting plate should not have cracks, burrs and other defects.

[0071] The butt welds between the axial lifting lugs and spliced ​​pads shall be 100% radiographically inspected, according to the current industry standard "Nondestructive Testing of Pressure Equipment Part 2: Radiographic Testing" NB / T 47013.2-20115, Class II qualified, and the inspection technology level is AB. All welded joints shall be visually inspected, and there shall be no cracks or unfused defects. (HG / T 21574-2018 Chemical Equipment Lifting Lug Design and Selection Specifications).

[0072] like Figure 4 The wire rope hoisting schematic diagram shown in the figure. In this embodiment, the maximum hoisting weight involved is 103t, and the main hoisting wire rope is selected from 8 wire ropes of Φ40-6×37+FC-18m with a total of 8 strands. The 600t truck crane 120t grade hook head is a double hook hook head, and 4 steel size wire ropes are hung on each side, single strand, and the minimum breaking tension of a single strand is 1005KN. The wire rope is a fiber core, and the minimum breaking tension sum is: Zn=Zx1.250=1256.25KN.

[0073] The simplified force calculation of the wire rope is as follows: the force of a single strand of wire rope is Fn = 1.05XG / 8 ≈ 13.5t; the safety factor of the wire rope is n = Zn / Fn ≈ 125.625t / 13.5t ≈ 9.3, which is much higher than the safety standard, thus reducing the risk caused by wire rope breakage, so the wire rope meets the hoisting requirements. In addition, the wire rope should be tied steadily and firmly, and the horizontal angle between the tied wire rope and the object should be: not less than 45° when the component is hoisted; not less than 60° when the component is straightened. (JGJ276-2012 Technical Specifications for Safety of Hoisting and Lifting in Construction).

[0074] In addition, it should be noted that the above examples and explanations can be based on relevant calculation principles in general engineering mechanics and supplemented with the scheme information of the embodiments of the present application. For more precise calculation details, reference can also be made to specific engineering manuals or specification documents.

[0075] Furthermore, before the trial lifting operation is carried out after all inspections are completed, it also includes:

[0076] Establish a spatial entity model; based on the spatial entity model, simulate the hoisting construction process according to the design drawings and the construction plan layout; optimize the position of the hoisting equipment according to the simulation results.

[0077] Among them, professional 3D modeling software (such as Tekla) can be used to create a detailed spatial solid model of the tank and its surrounding environment based on the design drawings and construction plan layout. This model not only includes the tank itself, but also covers all relevant elements of the construction site, such as cranes, transportation routes, support structures and other obstacles that may affect the lifting operation.

[0078] Based on the established spatial entity model, the entire lifting construction process can be accurately simulated. Potential problems can be foreseen in advance, and various lifting schemes can be virtually tested. The simulation content usually covers the entire process from the selection of the lifting point to the final installation position, including the movement trajectory of the crane, the posture changes of the tank, and any possible collisions or interferences.

[0079] Through the above simulation, the working performance of the crane under different standing conditions can be analyzed, such as the maximum extension length of the boom, angle limit, ground bearing capacity and other factors. Based on this information, the optimal crane position is selected to ensure that it can complete the lifting task safely and effectively. In addition, it is necessary to consider the impact of external factors such as wind speed and weather conditions on lifting, and adjust the position of the crane to adapt to the actual construction environment. After determining the optimal position of the crane, it is also necessary to plan the placement of auxiliary equipment (such as transport vehicles, support frames, etc.) to ensure that they do not hinder the operation path of the crane, while providing convenience for subsequent lifting work.

[0080] In addition, the simulation results should be reviewed again to confirm that all preparations have been carried out according to the established plan without omissions or errors. In particular, it is necessary to check whether the crane position is consistent with the actual situation on site and whether all possible risk factors have been fully considered.

[0081] After the preparation is completed, a trial lifting operation is carried out. The main purpose of the trial lifting is to verify the effectiveness of the previous simulation and planning, and to ensure that every link in the actual operation can proceed smoothly. During the trial lifting process, the response of the lifting system should be closely monitored, any abnormal phenomena should be recorded, and adjustments should be made in a timely manner until it fully meets the requirements and safety standards.

[0082] The specific test lifting operation may include: lifting the steel silo straight section slightly off the ground (about 200 mm), and checking whether there are any abnormalities in the foundation, crane, rigging, equipment, etc. If any abnormality occurs, corresponding measures should be taken in time. After ensuring that everything is safe, proceed to the next step.

[0083] N5: Use the bicycle lifting method to slowly hook the component to a position above the installation height through the crane, and then rotate the component to just above the target position through a slewing action.

[0084] like Figure 5The hoisting elevation diagram shown in the figure and Figure 6 The schematic diagram of the distribution of the lifting point positions is shown in the figure. Through the single-car lifting method, the crane slowly lifts the hook to a position above the installation height, and then smoothly rotates the tank to rotate it directly above the foundation. During the whole process, the crane needs to carefully control the speed to prevent the tank from shaking or tilting due to excessive speed. When the tank approaches the predetermined position, a gradual hook drop action is taken to gradually lower the tank until it is accurately in place. At the same time, the tank's posture can be kept stable by fine-tuning the angle and direction of the crane. The lifting process can be simplified by the single-car lifting method, reducing the complexity and risks brought by the coordinated operation of multiple cranes, and at the same time improving the lifting efficiency, especially when facing single-body heavy and bulky steel structures. In addition, this method can better control the accuracy of the lifting process to ensure that the hoisted object can reach the predetermined position accurately.

[0085] During the formal lifting process, the lifting status must be closely monitored. If any abnormality is found, the operation must be stopped immediately and the problem must be resolved.

[0086] N6: After the component is placed at the target location, stabilize the component.

[0087] Once the equipment is in place, take immediate steps to stabilize it, such as using temporary supports or fasteners.

[0088] Furthermore, after the lifting process is completed, it is necessary to check the connection quality of the components after installation, and loosen the hook and remove the tools of the stabilization measures after ensuring the connection is safe and reliable.

[0089] During the construction period, a special safety manager should be appointed to supervise the hoisting operation, ensure that all personnel comply with the operating procedures, wear necessary personal protective equipment (PPE), and prohibit irrelevant personnel from entering the hoisting area. During the hoisting construction, a special person should listen to the weather forecast. When the wind speed reaches 8m / s (level 5 or above), the hoisting operation must be stopped, and preventive inspections should be carried out before and after windy, thundery and rainy weather.

[0090] The overall structure of the steel silo after installation is also required to be inspected for quality. After the lifting task is completed, clean up the site, remove unnecessary materials and tools, and finally let the crane leave the site. After the construction is completed, the main crane hook wire rope is unhooked. If there are other parts to be lifted, the crane will move to the next lifting position to lift another steel silo straight section. When lifting the second steel silo straight section, a separate support vehicle will be used to lift and transport the steel silo straight section. After the steel silo straight section is transported to the lifting position, the crane will lift it in the lifting area. Repeat the above process until all parts have been correctly installed.

[0091] In summary, the large steel silo hoisting construction method provided in the embodiment of the present application is particularly suitable for engineering projects with urgent construction period requirements, large single hoisting weight, and large equipment diameter and volume, especially in the application scenario of tank hoisting in large industrial projects. By migrating most of the construction steps to the processing plant area, the resource utilization efficiency is greatly optimized, ensuring the stability of the construction environment and high standards of welding quality, thereby reducing on-site construction time and unnecessary waste of funds. Through careful design and the use of hoisting technology that is consistent with the construction process, the effective compression of the construction period and the substantial reduction of construction risks are achieved, ensuring that the tank is smoothly and accurately installed in place during the hoisting process, providing reliable support for engineering construction under various complex conditions, and promoting the efficient and safe completion of construction tasks of engineering projects.

Claims

1. A large steel silo hoisting construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: N1: Prefabricate the components of the steel silo that meet the prefabrication conditions in the processing plant area; N2: Build necessary infrastructure at the construction site and transport the prefabricated steel silo components to the construction site; N3: Confirm that all mechanical equipment meets the lifting requirements and has no defects; N4: Select the lifting lugs according to the calculated lifting load, install them correctly, and perform a trial lifting operation; N5: Use the bicycle lifting method to slowly lift the component to a position above the installation height by means of a crane, and then rotate the component to just above the target position by means of a slewing motion; N6: After the component is placed at the target location, stabilize the component.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before the trial lifting operation is performed in step N4, the following steps are also included: Establish spatial entity model; Based on the spatial entity model, simulating the hoisting construction process according to the design drawing and the construction plan layout drawing; Optimize the position of the lifting equipment based on the simulation results.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step N4 of performing a trial lifting operation includes: Set the straight section of the steel silo to a preset distance from the ground and check the condition of the foundation, crane and rigging; After ensuring everything is normal, proceed to step N5.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step N5 further includes: When the hoisted component approaches the predetermined position, a progressive hook-dropping action is adopted to gradually lower the component until it is accurately positioned at the target position.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step N6 also includes: Check the connection quality of the components after installation, and loosen the hooks and remove the tools used to stabilize them after ensuring the connection is safe and reliable.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step N2: construct necessary infrastructure at the construction site, including: Plan the access route in advance and ensure that the roadbed bearing capacity meets the requirements.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Step N4, the hoisting load satisfies: Q j =k1*Q; where Q j represents the lifting load, k1 represents the dynamic load coefficient, and Q represents the lifting load allocated to a lifting machine, including the weight of the equipment and the sling.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: Also includes: Carry out quality inspection on the steel silo structure after installation.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that Also includes: After the lifting construction is completed, clean up the site and remove the crane.

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