Photo-thermal complementary saline-alkaline water desalting device based on solar energy

Abstract

The invention discloses a photo-thermal complementary saline-alkaline water desalting device based on solar energy, and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkaline water treatment, the photo-thermal complementary saline-alkaline water desalting device comprises a solar power generation assembly, one side of the solar power generation assembly is provided with a pre-precipitation tank, the pre-precipitation tank is communicated with a heat collection film, and the bottom side of the inner cavity of the heat collection film is provided with a reflecting plate. According to the saline-alkali water desalination device, water liquid can be distributed into the heat collection evaporation pipes through the designed heat collection evaporation pipes and the designed liquid distribution pipes in the heat collection film, the heat collection evaporation pipes can enable the water liquid in the heat collection evaporation pipes to absorb heat and evaporate through reflection and heat absorption of solar energy by the bottom emission plate, and heat and heat are absorbed to heat and desalinate saline-alkali water; in addition, the solar power generation assembly on the rear side can absorb solar energy to generate power to supply power to the electric heater, the electric heater can synchronously heat water in the heat collection film, photo-thermal complementary heating can be achieved through cooperation of electric heating and direct solar radiation heating, and solar energy resources can be fully utilized; the desalting treatment effect on the saline-alkali water is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali water treatment, and in particular relates to a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device. Background Art

[0002] The current method for controlling saline-alkali soil is to use soil leaching to drain salt and alkali from the land. The soluble salt and alkali in the topsoil layer is discharged into the deep soil layer or directly leached out through infiltration, while at the same time infiltrating into the drainage channel for removal. However, the amount of water discharged from my country's saline-alkali land is huge. If the leached salt and alkali are not scientifically treated, over time, it is likely to cause serious ecological problems such as secondary salinization of non-salinized land and surface water pollution.

[0003] A Chinese invention patent with authorization announcement number CN107662983B discloses a method and system for treating brackish water in saline-alkali land. The method comprises: subjecting the brackish water to adsorption treatment, softening and clarifying treatment, sand filtration treatment, precision filtration treatment and membrane concentration and filtration treatment in sequence to obtain brackish water. The scheme can utilize the saline-alkali land drainage canal water purification treatment to obtain brackish water for land recharging, plant plants that are both salt-tolerant and economically valuable, and reduce the processing capacity of the softening and clarifying tank, sand filter tank, precision filter and membrane concentration and filtration device, thereby increasing the life of the membrane of the high-efficiency membrane concentration and filtration device. However, in actual use, the overall energy demand for the treatment and purification process of saline-alkali brackish water is relatively large, which not only increases the treatment cost, but may also have a certain impact on the environment. Therefore, how to reduce energy consumption while ensuring the purification effect has become an important issue to be urgently addressed in the field of saline-alkali brackish water treatment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of reducing energy consumption while ensuring purification effect, and to propose a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device comprises a solar power generation component, a pre-precipitation box is provided on one side of the solar power generation component, the pre-precipitation box is connected to a heat-collecting film, a reflector is installed on the bottom of the inner cavity of the heat-collecting film, a plurality of heat-collecting evaporation tubes are arranged in an array along the width direction of the heat-collecting film, the heat-collecting evaporation tubes are arranged on the top of the reflector, and the saline-alkali water is precipitated in the pre-precipitation box and then input into the heat-collecting film to absorb direct solar heat for evaporation and desalination;

[0007] An atomizing mechanism is installed between the liquid inlet ends of the multiple heat-collecting evaporating tubes for atomizing the inlet liquid to increase the heat absorption efficiency. The liquid outlet ends of the multiple heat-collecting evaporating tubes are provided with a mist collecting pipe for collecting atomized steam.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0009] The atomizing mechanism comprises an atomizing sleeve, which has a slot, and the inner cavity of the slot is provided with a plurality of atomizing inserts in an array along the width direction, and the atomizing inserts are located at the front end of the heat collecting evaporating tube at the corresponding position, and the water-facing surface of the atomizing insert is penetrated with a plurality of groups of liquid permeable holes arranged in a surrounding manner, a liquid distribution pipe is provided on the side of the heat collecting film close to the pre-precipitation box, and a plurality of liquid distribution nozzles are provided on the side of the liquid distribution pipe corresponding to the heat collecting evaporating tube, and the liquid distribution pipe extends into the pre-precipitation box through a pipeline, and the water liquid delivered through the liquid distribution nozzle is dispersed into the heat collecting evaporating tube under the atomizing action of the atomizing insert, and the heat collecting evaporating tube absorbs direct heat from the sun to evaporate and dilute the mist liquid.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0011] A plurality of guide ribs are arranged around one side of the water-facing surface of the atomizing insert, and the guide ribs are wavy, so that the adhesion of water on the surface of the atomizing insert is reduced by the guide ribs.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0013] The atomizing insert is surrounded by a plurality of limiting grooves, the atomizing insert is externally sleeved with a closing sleeve, the closing sleeve is connected to the atomizing sleeve, and a closing guide block is connected between adjacent closing sleeves, and a plurality of limiting blocks are arranged around the inner cavity of the closing sleeve, and the atomizing insert is limited in the limiting groove by the limiting blocks.

[0014] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0015] A plurality of guide bars are arranged in an array along the height direction on one side of the water-facing surface of the closed guide block. The cross-section of the guide bar is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped protrusions of the guide bar shrink and extend from the middle of the closed guide block to both sides.

[0016] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0017] The sealing sleeve has a sliding groove inside, the atomizing insert is slidably connected in the sliding groove, and both sides of the inner cavity of the sliding groove are provided with sealing gaskets, and the other side of the sealing gasket is in contact with the atomizing insert.

[0018] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0019] An anti-blocking mechanism is provided in the heat collecting film, and the anti-blocking mechanism includes a driving rack, one side of the driving rack is meshed with multiple driving gear rings, one side of the driving gear ring is surrounded by multiple scraping rods, and the scraping rods are inserted into the corresponding heat collecting evaporation tubes, one end of the driving rack is connected to a moving seat, one side of the moving seat is embedded with a screw seat, the screw seat is threaded with a driving screw, one end of the driving screw is installed with a driving motor, and the driving motor is installed on the top of the reflecting plate through a mounting base.

[0020] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0021] A guide hole is opened on one side of the movable seat, and a guide rod is slidably connected in the guide hole. One end of the guide rod is rotatably connected to the end of the driving screw rod through a connecting piece, and the other end of the guide rod is connected to one side of the driving motor mounting base.

[0022] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0023] A support frame is installed on one side of the heat collecting film, and the support frame is connected to the top of the pre-precipitation box.

[0024] As a further description of the above technical solution:

[0025] An electric heater is installed in the inner cavity of the heat collection film, and the electric heater is connected to the solar power generation component.

[0026] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solution, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0027] 1. In the present invention, through the designed heat-collecting evaporator tubes, the liquid distribution tubes in the heat-collecting film can distribute the water liquid into multiple heat-collecting evaporator tubes, and the heat-collecting evaporator tubes can absorb heat from the reflection of solar energy by the bottom emitting plate to make the internal water liquid absorb heat and evaporate, absorb light heat to heat and desalinate the saline-alkali water, and the rear solar power generation component can power the electric heater by absorbing solar power generation, and the electric heater can heat the water liquid in the heat-collecting film synchronously, which is conducive to realizing light-heat complementary heating through electric heating and direct solar heating, and can make full use of solar energy resources and improve the desalination effect of saline-alkali water.

[0028] 2. In the present invention, through the designed atomization mechanism, when the pumping equipment pumps the liquid into the solar collector film, the water sprayed from the liquid distribution pipe can contact the atomization plug on the corresponding side. When the water contacts the atomization plug, the guide ribs on the surface of the atomization plug can guide the water to move to the liquid permeable holes on the circumferential side through the wavy surface. The water can be fully dispersed through the contact of multiple circumferential guide ribs, which is beneficial to avoid the adhesion of the water on the surface of the atomization plug. The water entering the liquid permeable holes can be evenly divided into a number of water mist particles, which is beneficial to increase the contact heat exchange area with the wall of the solar collector evaporation tube through the atomization dispersion of the water, thereby improving the heat exchange and warming effect under direct sunlight, and improving the desalination treatment effect of saline water.

[0029] 3. In the present invention, by means of the designed anti-blocking mechanism, when the saline-alkali particles in the residual water in the heat-collecting evaporating tube adhere to the wall side, in order to avoid affecting the heat exchange efficiency, the output shaft of the motor can be controlled to rotate to drive the driving screw, and the driving screw rotation can drive the driving rack to move, and the driving rack movement can drive the scraping rod to rotate, and the scraping rod rotation can scrape the inner wall of the heat-collecting evaporating tube, and can scrape the impurities adhered to the inner wall of the heat-collecting evaporating tube. The impurities after scraping can be removed by pressurized flushing of the circulation pipeline, which is beneficial to improve the service life by regularly removing the accumulated impurities, and avoid the surface of the heat-collecting evaporating tube being covered by impurities and affecting the heat absorption efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device proposed by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the disassembled structure of a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device proposed by the present invention;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a solar-thermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device based on solar energy proposed by the present invention;

[0033] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the disconnection structure of the atomization mechanism of a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device proposed by the present invention;

[0034] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the partially disassembled structure of the atomizing mechanism of a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device proposed by the present invention;

[0035] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the atomizing insert structure of a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device proposed by the present invention;

[0036] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an atomizing insert in a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device proposed by the present invention from a bottom-up perspective;

[0037] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the heat collecting evaporation tube of a solar-thermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device proposed by the present invention;

[0038] Fig. 9 The present invention proposes Figure 8 The enlarged structural diagram of part A in the middle;

[0039] Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of a driving gear ring of a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device proposed by the present invention;

[0040] Fig.11 This is a schematic diagram of the partially disassembled structure of the atomization mechanism of a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device proposed by the present invention.

[0041] Legend:

[0042] 1. Solar power generation component; 2. Pre-precipitation box; 3. Heat collecting film; 4. Anti-blocking mechanism; 401. Drive rack; 402. Drive gear ring; 403. Sweep rod; 404. Moving seat; 405. Drive screw rod; 406. Drive motor; 407. Guide rod; 5. Atomization mechanism; 501. Atomization sleeve; 502. Closed guide block; 503. Guide strip; 504. Closed sleeve; 505. Sealing gasket; 506. Atomization insert; 507. Guide rib; 508. Liquid permeable hole; 509. Limiting groove; 510. Limiting block; 6. Heat collecting evaporation tube; 7. Reflecting plate; 8. Support frame; 9. Mist collecting pipe; 10. Liquid distribution pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] See also Figure 1-Figure 11The present invention provides a technical solution: a solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device, comprising a solar power generation component 1, a pre-precipitation box 2 is provided on one side of the solar power generation component 1, the pre-precipitation box 2 is connected to a heat collecting film 3, a reflector 7 is installed on the bottom side of the inner cavity of the heat collecting film 3, a plurality of heat collecting evaporation tubes 6 are arranged in an array along the width direction of the heat collecting film 3, the heat collecting evaporation tubes 6 are arranged on the top of the reflector 7, and the saline-alkali water is precipitated in the pre-precipitation box 2 and then input into the heat collecting film 3 to absorb direct solar heat for evaporation and desalination;

[0045] The designed heat collecting film 3 can reduce the heat dissipation in the cavity of the heat collecting film 3 and improve the light transmission and heat absorption effect. The heat collecting film 3 should be a high temperature resistant transparent film.

[0046] Atomizing mechanisms 5 are installed between the liquid inlet ends of the multiple heat-collecting evaporating tubes 6 to atomize the liquid inlet and increase the heat absorption efficiency. Atomizing pipes 9 are provided at the liquid outlet ends of the multiple heat-collecting evaporating tubes 6 to classify and collect atomized steam and evaporated residual water.

[0047] Furthermore, a waste water pipe (not shown in the figure) is connected to the bottom of one side of the heat collecting evaporation tube 6, and the waste water pipe extends to the outside of the heat collecting film 3 and is connected to the waste water collection system, and the residual water after purification is collected through the waste water pipe, and the residual water is a high-density salt water; wherein corresponding sealing members should be provided between the waste water pipe and the heat collecting evaporation tube 6 and the heat collecting film 3 to ensure sealing, and this part is a well-known technology in the relevant field and will not be elaborated in detail;

[0048] Specifically: through the designed heat-collecting evaporator tube 6, the water liquid after precipitation treatment in the pre-precipitation box 2 can be extracted from the top clarified liquid by an external pumping device and transported to the heat-collecting film 3, and the liquid distribution pipe 10 in the heat-collecting film 3 can distribute the water liquid into multiple heat-collecting evaporator tubes 6, and the heat-collecting evaporator tube 6 can absorb heat from the reflection of solar energy by the bottom emitting plate 7 to make the internal water liquid absorb heat and evaporate, so as to absorb light heat to heat and desalinate the saline-alkali water, and the rear solar power generation component 1 can power the electric heater by absorbing solar power generation, and the electric heater can heat the water liquid in the heat-collecting film 3 synchronously, which is conducive to realizing light-thermal complementary heating through electric heating and direct solar heating, and can make full use of solar energy resources and improve the desalination treatment effect of saline-alkali water.

[0049] See also Figure 4-Figure 7The atomizing mechanism 5 comprises an atomizing sleeve 501, the atomizing sleeve 501 has a slot, and the slotted inner cavity is provided with a plurality of atomizing inserts 506 in an array along the width direction, and the atomizing inserts 506 are located at the front end of the heat collecting evaporation tube 6 at the corresponding position, and the water-facing surface of the atomizing inserts 506 is penetrated with a plurality of groups of liquid permeable holes 508 arranged in a surrounding manner, and a liquid distribution pipe 10 is provided on a side of the heat collecting film 3 close to the pre-precipitation tank 2, and a plurality of liquid distribution nozzles are provided on a side of the liquid distribution pipe 10 corresponding to the heat collecting evaporation tube 6, and the liquid distribution pipe 10 extends into the pre-precipitation tank 2 through a pipeline, and the water liquid fed through the liquid distribution nozzle is dispersed into the heat collecting evaporation tube 6 under the atomizing action of the atomizing inserts 506, and the heat collecting evaporation tube 6 absorbs direct solar heat to evaporate and dilute the mist liquid;

[0050] A plurality of guide ribs 507 are arranged around one side of the water-facing surface of the atomizing insert 506, and the guide ribs 507 are wavy, so that the water adhesion on the surface of the atomizing insert 506 is reduced by the guide ribs 507;

[0051] An electric heater is installed in the inner cavity of the heat collecting film 3 , and the electric heater is connected to the solar power generation assembly 1 .

[0052] Specifically, through the designed atomizing mechanism 5, when the pumping equipment pumps the liquid into the heat collecting film 3, the water sprayed from the liquid distributing pipe 10 can contact the atomizing insert 506 on the corresponding side. When the water contacts the atomizing insert 506, the guide ribs 507 on the surface of the atomizing insert 506 can guide the water to move to the liquid permeable holes 508 on the peripheral side through the wavy surface. The water can be fully dispersed through the contact of the plurality of peripheral guide ribs 507, which is conducive to avoiding the adhesion of the water on the surface of the atomizing insert 506. The water entering the liquid permeable holes 508 can be evenly divided into a number of water mist particles, which is conducive to increasing the contact heat exchange area with the wall of the heat collecting evaporation tube 6 through the atomization dispersion of the water, thereby improving the heat exchange and heating effect under direct sunlight, and improving the desalination treatment effect of saline-alkali water.

[0053] Among them, the pumping equipment can be a pressurizing equipment to increase the kinetic energy of the water liquid.

[0054] See also Figure 5-Figure 7 The atomizing insert 506 is surrounded by a plurality of limiting grooves 509, the atomizing insert 506 is externally sleeved with a closed sleeve 504, the closed sleeve 504 is connected to the atomizing sleeve 501, and a closed guide block 502 is connected between adjacent closed sleeves 504, a plurality of limiting blocks 510 are arranged around the inner cavity of the closed sleeve 504, and the atomizing insert 506 is limited in the limiting groove 509 by the limiting blocks 510, and a plurality of guide bars 503 are arranged in an array along the height direction on one side of the water-facing surface of the closed guide block 502, and the cross-section of the guide bar 503 is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped protrusion of the guide bar 503 shrinks and extends from the middle of the closed guide block 502 to both sides;

[0055] The sealing sleeve 504 has a sliding groove inside, and the atomizing insert 506 is slidably connected in the sliding groove. Both sides of the inner cavity of the sliding groove are provided with sealing gaskets 505, and the other side of the sealing gasket 505 is in contact with the atomizing insert 506.

[0056] Specifically, through the designed limiting groove 509 and the closing sleeve 504, when the water impacts the atomizing insert 506, the atomizing insert 506 can absorb the impact frequency vibration by sliding in the sliding groove, which is beneficial to avoid the atomizing insert 506 being subjected to force impact and causing frequency vibration to affect the atomizing treatment effect, and through the designed limiting block 510, the atomizing insert 506 can avoid circumferential rotation through the setting of the circumferential limiting groove 509 outside the limiting block 510, thereby improving the movement stability, and through the setting of the sealing gaskets 505 on both sides, the sealing effect of the atomizing insert 506 and the closing sleeve 504 is improved, and the water is prevented from overflowing from the gap of the closing sleeve 504, thereby improving the atomizing treatment effect.

[0057] See also Figure 8-Figure 11 , an anti-blocking mechanism 4 is provided in the heat collecting film 3, and the anti-blocking mechanism 4 includes a driving rack 401, and a plurality of driving gear rings 402 are meshed on one side of the driving rack 401, and a plurality of scraping rods 403 are arranged around one side of the driving gear ring 402, and the scraping rods 403 are penetrated in the corresponding heat collecting evaporation tube 6, and one end of the driving rack 401 is connected to a moving seat 404, and a screw seat is embedded on one side of the moving seat 404, and a driving screw 405 is connected to the screw seat with a threaded connection, and a driving motor 406 is installed at one end of the driving screw 405, and the driving motor 406 is installed on the top of the reflecting plate 7 through a mounting base, and a guide hole is opened on one side of the moving seat 404, and a guide rod 407 is slidably connected in the guide hole, and one end of the guide rod 407 is rotatably connected to the end of the driving screw 405 through a connecting piece, and the other end of the guide rod 407 is connected to one side of the mounting base of the driving motor 406;

[0058] A support frame 8 is installed on one side of the heat collecting film 3, and the support frame 8 is connected to the top of the pre-precipitation box 2, wherein the heat collecting film 3 should be arranged on one side of the solar power generation component 1 to avoid blocking the solar power generation component 1 and affecting the power generation efficiency, and the vertically arranged heat collecting film 3 can make the steam evaporated from the internal water liquid rise to the vicinity of the mist collecting pipe 9, which is convenient for the discharge of mist when the mist collecting pipe 9 is sucked, and it is convenient to improve the absorption effect of steam, and the remaining water can be extracted through the waste water pipe 10;

[0059] Furthermore, in another embodiment, the residual water can be transported to the pre-precipitation tank 2 through a reflux pipe to be mixed with saline water to increase the temperature, thereby reducing subsequent heating energy consumption. The purified steam has residual heat and can be compressed and heated through a secondary evaporator and then subjected to heat exchange treatment with the input pipe through a heat exchanger.

[0060] Specifically: through the designed anti-blocking mechanism 4, when the saline-alkali particles in the residual water in the heat collecting evaporator tube 6 adhere to the wall side, in order to avoid affecting the heat exchange efficiency, the driving screw 405 can be driven to rotate by controlling the rotation of the motor output shaft, and the driving screw 405 can drive the driving rack 401 to move, and the movement of the driving rack 401 can drive the scraping rod 403 to rotate, and the scraping rod 403 can rotate to scrape the inner wall of the heat collecting evaporator tube 6, and can scrape the impurities adhered to the inner wall of the heat collecting evaporator tube 6, so as to avoid the surface of the heat collecting evaporator tube 6 being covered by impurities and affecting the heat absorption efficiency, thereby improving the durable processing efficiency.

[0061] In the present invention, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance; the term "plurality" refers to two or more, unless otherwise clearly defined. The terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; "connected" can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device, comprising a solar power generation component (1), a pre-precipitation tank (2) is provided on one side of the solar power generation component (1), characterized in that: The pre-precipitation box (2) is connected to a heat collecting film (3), a reflecting plate (7) is installed on the bottom side of the inner cavity of the heat collecting film (3), a plurality of heat collecting evaporation tubes (6) are arranged in an array along the width direction in the heat collecting film (3), and the heat collecting evaporation tubes (6) are arranged on the top of the reflecting plate (7). After the saline-alkali water is precipitated in the pre-precipitation box (2), it is input into the heat collecting film (3) to absorb direct solar heat for evaporation and desalination; An atomizing mechanism (5) is installed between the liquid inlet ends of the plurality of heat-collecting evaporating tubes (6) for atomizing the inlet liquid to increase the heat absorption efficiency, and a mist collecting pipe (9) is provided at the liquid outlet ends of the plurality of heat-collecting evaporating tubes (6) for collecting atomized steam.

2. The solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The atomizing mechanism (5) comprises an atomizing sleeve (501), the atomizing sleeve (501) having a slot, and the slotted inner cavity is provided with a plurality of atomizing inserts (506) arranged in an array along the width direction, and the atomizing inserts (506) are located at the front end of the heat collecting evaporating tube (6) at the corresponding position, and the water-facing surface of the atomizing insert (506) is penetrated by a plurality of groups of liquid permeable holes (508) arranged in a surrounding manner, and a liquid distribution pipe (10) is provided on a side of the heat collecting film (3) close to the pre-precipitation box (2), and a plurality of liquid distribution nozzles are provided on a side of the liquid distribution pipe (10) corresponding to the heat collecting evaporating tube (6), and the liquid distribution pipe (10) extends into the pre-precipitation box (2) through a pipeline, and the water liquid delivered through the liquid distribution nozzles is dispersed into the heat collecting evaporating tube (6) under the atomizing action of the atomizing insert (506), and the heat collecting evaporating tube (6) absorbs direct solar heat to evaporate and dilute the mist liquid.

3. The solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: A plurality of guide ribs (507) are arranged around one side of the water-facing surface of the atomizing insert (506), and the guide ribs (507) are wavy in shape, so that the adhesion of water on the surface of the atomizing insert (506) is reduced by the guide ribs (507).

4. The solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The atomizing insert (506) is provided with a plurality of limiting grooves (509) around its circumference, a sealing sleeve (504) is provided on the outside of the atomizing insert (506), the sealing sleeve (504) is connected to the inside of the atomizing sleeve (501), and a sealing guide block (502) is connected between adjacent sealing sleeves (504), and a plurality of limiting blocks (510) are provided around the inner cavity of the sealing sleeve (504), and the atomizing insert (506) is limited in the limiting groove (509) by the limiting blocks (510).

5. The solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: A plurality of guide bars (503) are arranged in an array along the height direction on one side of the water-facing surface of the closed guide block (502); the cross-section of the guide bar (503) is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped protruding portion of the guide bar (503) contracts and extends from the middle of the closed guide block (502) to both sides.

6. The solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The sealing sleeve (504) has a sliding groove inside, and the atomizing insert (506) is slidably connected in the sliding groove. Both sides of the inner cavity of the sliding groove are provided with sealing gaskets (505), and the other side of the sealing gasket (505) is in contact with the atomizing insert (506).

7. The solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The heat collecting film (3) is provided with an anti-blocking mechanism (4), and the anti-blocking mechanism (4) comprises a driving rack (401), one side of the driving rack (401) is meshed with a plurality of driving gear rings (402), one side of the driving gear ring (402) is surrounded by a plurality of scraping rods (403), and the scraping rods (403) are inserted into the corresponding heat collecting evaporation tube (6), one end of the driving rack (401) is connected to a moving seat (404), one side of the moving seat (404) is embedded with a screw seat, and a driving screw (405) is connected to the screw seat through a thread, and one end of the driving screw (405) is installed with a driving motor (406), and the driving motor (406) is installed on the top of the reflecting plate (7) through a mounting base.

8. The solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A guide hole is provided on one side of the movable seat (404), and a guide rod (407) is slidably connected in the guide hole. One end of the guide rod (407) is rotatably connected to the end of the driving screw rod (405) through a connecting piece, and the other end of the guide rod (407) is connected to one side of the mounting base of the driving motor (406).

9. The solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support frame (8) is installed on one side of the heat collection film (3), and the support frame (8) is connected to the top of the pre-precipitation box (2).

10. The solar-based photothermal complementary saline-alkali water desalination device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An electric heater is installed in the inner cavity of the heat collection film (3), and the electric heater is connected to the solar power generation assembly (1).

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