Hydrothermal erosion and sandstorm protection integrated device for frozen soil roadbed in cold and cold mountainous area

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of roadbed protection, in particular to a high cold mountainous area frozen soil roadbed hydrothermal erosion and sand wind protection integrated device which comprises an overground protection assembly and an underground protection assembly which are divided by taking a roadbed body as a boundary. The overground protection assembly comprises a sand-proof retaining wall and a buffer flow guide belt, the sand-proof retaining wall is connected with the roadbed body through the concrete expanded foundation and used for blocking and reducing blockage and erosion of sand wind to the rubble roadbed, and the buffer flow guide belt is located on the windward side of the sand-proof retaining wall and used for guiding the sand wind to the rubble roadbed. The overground protection assembly and the underground protection assembly are matched, so that the long-term stability of a roadbed is guaranteed, the service life of a road is prolonged, and the maintenance cost is reduced; and safety and smoothness of traffic infrastructures in cold and cold mountainous areas are ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of roadbed protection, and in particular to an integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from hydrothermal erosion and wind and sand in high-cold mountainous areas. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous advancement of infrastructure construction in the high-altitude mountainous areas of the Northwest, especially the extensive development of road projects, the climate is relatively cold, and the ground temperature at a certain depth below the ground often remains below 0°. If some soils do not melt for three years or more, permafrost will form. The stability of the permafrost roadbed faces severe challenges.

[0003] At present, the protection technology of frozen soil roadbed in high-altitude mountainous areas is difficult to meet the actual needs. On the one hand, traditional roadbed protection materials expose serious performance shortcomings in high-altitude cold environments. Some commonly used thermal insulation materials, such as some fiber thermal insulation materials, may have increased thermal conductivity in low-temperature environments, resulting in decreased thermal insulation performance. In long-term low-temperature and humid environments, they may lose some of their thermal insulation functions due to moisture, making it easier for heat to enter the permafrost layer. Sand-proof fences can be made of materials such as wooden boards, cement boards, iron sheets and plastic nets, and set around the roadbed to block the invasion of wind and sand; on the other hand, the existing roadbed protection structure design lacks systematicness and pertinence. In terms of wind and sand prevention, most simple wind and sand prevention fences rely solely on simple blocking principles and do not fully consider the special movement laws of wind and sand flows in high-altitude mountainous areas. These fences often use metal wire mesh with fixed porosity, etc., which cannot be adaptively adjusted according to wind and sand of different intensities and directions. The fence is not well-made, making it easy for wind and sand to bypass the fence, and it is very easy to become brittle under low temperature conditions, and its toughness is greatly reduced, resulting in it being easily broken and damaged when hit by wind and sand, and it is unable to continuously and effectively prevent wind and sand from invading the roadbed. In addition, it has weak UV resistance. After a long period of strong sunlight on the plateau, it will age and degrade rapidly, resulting in poor drainage or failure of insulation, which in turn causes the hydrothermal erosion problem of the roadbed to intensify and continue to cause damage to the roadbed such as abrasion and burial. For hydrothermal protection, waterproofing and insulation measures are often independent of each other. The drainage system usually only focuses on the drainage of surface water and adopts a single drainage ditch form, ignoring the infiltration control of groundwater and the combination with insulation needs. For example, some roadbeds only have simple side ditch drainage, but no effective water and heat insulation measures are taken at the bottom or wall of the ditch, resulting in groundwater carrying heat to penetrate into the permafrost layer, accelerating the melting of permafrost, and causing uneven settlement of the roadbed, cracking of the road surface and other diseases.

[0004] To this end, we propose an integrated device for water-heat erosion and wind-sand protection of frozen soil roadbed in high-altitude mountainous areas to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the multiple hazards to the roadbed caused by extreme climate and complex geological conditions in high-altitude mountainous areas, the present application provides an integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat erosion and wind and sand in high-altitude mountainous areas.

[0006] The above technical objectives of this application are achieved through the following technical solutions: An integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat and wind and sand in high-cold mountainous areas, comprising an above-ground protection component and an underground protection component, wherein the above-ground protection component and the underground protection component are divided by a roadbed body, wherein the above-ground protection component comprises a wind-sand retaining wall and a buffer guide belt, wherein the wind-sand retaining wall is connected to the roadbed body through a concrete enlarged foundation, and is used to block and reduce the blockage and erosion of the slate roadbed by wind and sand, wherein the buffer guide belt is located on the windward side of the wind-sand retaining wall, and has a height between one-half and one-third of the height of the wind-sand retaining wall, and is used to buffer the impact of wind and sand in advance, and reduce the direct impact of wind and sand on the wind-sand retaining wall The underground protection component includes a multi-layer heat-insulating drainage cushion layer, a soil-isolating and water-seepage board and a temperature control and adjustment component. The multi-layer heat-insulating and drainage cushion layer is laid between the road base body and the frozen soil layer, and from top to bottom are a filter layer, a drainage layer and a heat-insulating layer, which are used to prevent heat from being conducted to the frozen soil layer and to discharge water that has seeped into the bottom of the road base body. The soil-isolating and water-seepage board is arranged between the top of the drainage layer and the outside of the road base body, which is used to prevent soil particles from entering the drainage layer and causing blockage. The temperature control and adjustment component is vertically inserted into the ground at a certain distance along both sides of the road base body, and the depth is into the frozen soil layer, which is used to adjust the temperature of the road base body and maintain the stability of the frozen soil layer.

[0007] By adopting the above-mentioned technical scheme, the above-ground protection components for wind and sand protection and the underground protection components for hydrothermal erosion protection are integrated to reduce the impact and abrasive force of wind and sand on the roadbed, while effectively avoiding roadbed settlement and deformation caused by hydrothermal problems, thereby ensuring the integrity of the road structure.

[0008] Optionally, it also includes a supporting mechanism, which is composed of a plurality of groups of concrete columns arranged in a herringbone pattern, and the concrete columns are tightly attached to the leeward side of the wind and sand retaining wall, and the bottoms of the concrete columns extend to the bottom of the road basic body.

[0009] By adopting the above technical solution, the concrete columns can be stably supported on one side of the wind and sand retaining wall, providing solid and reliable support for the wind and sand retaining wall to resist complex external force impacts such as strong winds, floods, freeze-thaw and so on.

[0010] Optionally, a plurality of hollow areas are provided on the wind and sand retaining wall to disrupt the wind and sand flow, and the height of the wind and sand retaining wall and the size of the hollow areas can be adaptively adjusted according to the intensity and direction of the wind and sand.

[0011] By adopting the above technical solution, the hollow area can change the state of the wind and sand flow. When the wind and sand pass through these hollow areas, the speed and direction of the airflow will change, causing the wind and sand to gather near the wind and sand retaining wall instead of blowing directly through the sand retaining wall, thereby enhancing the sand retaining effect.

[0012] Optionally, a drainage ditch is opened between the road base body and the wind and sand retaining wall to drain surface water and reduce water and heat erosion of the frozen soil layer.

[0013] By adopting the above technical solution, it is convenient to guide the gathered small surface seepage water to culverts and bridges in time, avoid water and heat erosion of the permafrost layer of the roadbed, and prevent freeze-thaw diseases of the roadbed.

[0014] Optionally, the bottom of the drainage ditch is provided with an inclination angle to promote smooth flow of water.

[0015] By adopting the above technical solution, the flow of water inside the drainage ditch is facilitated, and the infiltration phenomenon caused by water accumulation is reduced.

[0016] Optionally, the temperature control and adjustment component is a phase change temperature control tube, and the tube is filled with phase change material, which is used to absorb heat and undergo phase change to store energy in high temperature seasons, and release heat in low temperature seasons.

[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, heat can be absorbed in high temperature seasons to undergo phase change and store energy, and heat can be released in low temperature seasons to assist in regulating the roadbed temperature, reduce temperature fluctuations in the permafrost layer, and prevent excessive melting and freezing.

[0018] Optionally, an ecological slope protection structure is provided on the inclined surfaces on both sides of the road base body. The ecological slope protection structure includes a slope protection body, a vegetation fixing layer and a vegetation layer, which are used to stabilize the soil, prevent soil erosion, and promote ecological diversity.

[0019] By adopting the above technical solution, the soil on both sides of the road base can be stabilized, soil erosion can be prevented, and the protective effect on both sides of the road base can be improved.

[0020] Optionally, the windward sides of the wind-sand retaining wall and the buffer guide belt are coated with an anti-wear layer, and the anti-wear coating is made of polyetheretherketone and basalt fiber reinforced composite material.

[0021] 1. By adopting the above technical solution, it is possible to effectively resist the wear of sand, gravel, etc. on its surface in the wind and sand, and extend its service life.

[0022] 2. The wind and sand retaining wall of the ground protection component is used to block the wind and sand, and reduce the direct erosion of the roadbed by the wind and sand. At the same time, the buffer diversion belt and the wind and sand retaining wall are used to buffer the impact of the wind and sand in advance, optimize the wind and sand flow field, and further weaken the energy of the wind and sand when it reaches the retaining wall. The two work together to greatly enhance the wind and sand prevention effect. The underground protection components work together from multiple links such as heat insulation, anti-filtration, and drainage to prevent heat from being transmitted downward, and various water sources are drained away in time to prevent water and heat from damaging the frozen soil layer. The temperature control and adjustment components dynamically adjust the roadbed temperature to maintain the appropriate thermal state of the frozen soil, effectively avoiding the settlement and deformation of the roadbed body caused by water and heat problems, and ensuring the integrity of the road structure. Through the coordinated cooperation of the ground protection components and the underground protection components, the water and heat erosion protection and wind and sand protection are organically integrated to ensure the long-term stability of the roadbed, extend the service life of the road, reduce maintenance costs, and ensure the safety and smooth flow of transportation infrastructure in high-cold mountainous areas; 3. By setting up concrete columns arranged in a herringbone shape on one side of the wind and sand retaining wall for support, the stability of the wind and sand retaining wall is improved, so that the wind and sand retaining wall can withstand complex external force impacts such as strong winds, floods, freeze-thaw, etc., ensuring its long-term reliable operation in high-altitude mountainous areas. In addition, by setting up hollow areas on the wind and sand retaining wall, the intensity of the wind and sand flow is disrupted, so that the wind and sand gather and settle near the sand retaining wall, reducing the direct impact on the roadbed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is an isometric structural diagram provided by this application; Figure 2 It is an isometric cross-sectional structural schematic diagram provided by the present application; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure provided by this application; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the multi-layer thermal insulation and drainage cushion provided in this application; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the anti-wear layer and the buffer guide belt provided in this application; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the state when the buffer guide belt provided in the present application guides the wind and sand to the hollow area.

[0024] Explanation of the accompanying reference numerals: 1. roadbed body; 11. original ground; 12. main body of roadbed; 13. frozen soil layer; 2. wind and sand retaining wall; 21. buffer guide belt; 22. hollow area; 23. wear-resistant layer; 3. multi-layer thermal insulation and drainage cushion layer; 31. filter layer; 32. drainage layer; 33. thermal insulation layer; 4. soil-isolating and water-seepage board; 5. temperature control and adjustment component; 6. concrete column; 7. drainage and diversion ditch; 8. ecological slope protection structure; 81. main body of slope protection; 82. vegetation fixing layer; 83. vegetation layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0026] The present application discloses an integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat and wind and sand in high-cold mountainous areas. Figures 1 to 6 , including ground protection components and underground protection components, wherein the ground protection components and the underground protection components are divided by the road base body 1, and the road base body 1 can be divided into the original ground 11 above the frozen soil layer 13 that has been leveled and properly compacted and the roadbed main body 12 arranged above the original ground 11, the ground protection components include a wind and sand retaining wall 2 and a buffer guide belt 21, the wind and sand retaining wall 2 and the buffer guide belt 21 are both arranged above the original ground 11, the wind and sand retaining wall 2 is connected to the road base body 1 through a concrete expansion foundation, and a concrete structure part with a larger area than the bottom area of ​​the wind and sand retaining wall 2 itself can be arranged at the bottom of the wind and sand retaining wall 2, and the cross-section can be a trapezoidal shape, etc. (not shown in the figure), which is used to block and reduce the blockage and erosion of the slate roadbed by wind and sand, and the buffer guide belt 21 is located at On the windward side of the wind and sand retaining wall 2, and with a height between one half and one third of the height of the wind and sand retaining wall 2, it is used to buffer the impact force of the wind and sand in advance and reduce the direct impact of the wind and sand on the wind and sand retaining wall 2. A plurality of hollow areas 22 are opened on the wind and sand retaining wall 2 to disrupt the wind and sand flow. The height of the wind and sand retaining wall and the size of the hollow area 22 can be adaptively adjusted according to the intensity and direction of the wind and sand. The shape and size of the hollow structure can be adjusted according to the main direction of the wind and sand. For example, on the side where the wind and sand mainly come from, the hollow size can be appropriately reduced to reduce the penetrability of the wind and sand; in other directions, the hollow size can be appropriately increased to maintain ventilation and light transmittance. The greater the wind and sand intensity, the density of the hollow structure should be appropriately increased, that is, the hollow size can be reduced or the number of hollow structures can be increased to enhance the wind and sand prevention effect. On the contrary, in areas with less wind and sand intensity, the hollow size can be appropriately increased to reduce the obstruction to the wind flow. When the wind and sand come, the airflow passes through the hollow part, and according to the principle of fluid mechanics, the wind and sand flow intensity is disturbed, so that the wind and sand gather and settle near the sand retaining wall, reducing the direct impact on the roadbed, and the buffer guide belt 21 on the windward side of the wind and sand retaining wall 2 can guide the wind and sand to move to the hollow area 22 of the wind and sand retaining wall 2, thereby further optimizing the wind and sand flow field and reducing the direct impact on the retaining wall; The underground protection component includes a multi-layer heat-insulating drainage cushion layer 3, a soil-isolating and water-seepage board 4 and a temperature control and adjustment component 5. The multi-layer heat-insulating and drainage cushion layer 3 is laid between the road base body 1 and the frozen soil layer 13, and from top to bottom are the filter layer 31, the drainage layer 32 and the insulation layer 33, which are used to prevent heat from being transferred to the frozen soil layer 13 and to discharge the water that has infiltrated the bottom of the road base body 1. The soil-isolating and water-seepage board 4 is arranged between the drainage layer 32 above and the outside of the road base body 1 to prevent soil particles from entering the drainage layer 32 and causing blockage. The temperature control and adjustment component 5 is vertically inserted into the ground at a certain distance along both sides of the road base body 1, and the depth is inside the frozen soil layer 13, which is used to adjust the temperature of the road base body 1 and maintain the stability of the frozen soil layer 13. The filter layer 31 can be made of filament needle-punched non-woven geotextile, the insulation layer 33 can be a closed-cell foam board insulation layer 33, and the drainage layer 32 can be A gravel drainage layer is used. During construction, the geotextile filter layer 31 is smoothly spread out. A certain overlap width is required between adjacent geotextiles to ensure the continuity of the entire paving surface and prevent gaps. During the water infiltration process, the pore size of the geotextile can allow water to pass through, but prevent soil particles from moving with the water flow, thereby avoiding the drainage layer 32 from being blocked by soil particles. The gravel drainage layer 32 has large pores and can quickly collect and discharge surface water and groundwater that have infiltrated below the bottom surface of the road base body 1, thereby maintaining the dryness of the road base body 1. The closed-cell foam board insulation layer 33 is laid under the gravel drainage layer 32. Adhesives can be used to bond adjacent insulation layers 33. Since the thermal conductivity of the closed-cell foam board is very low, it can prevent heat from being transferred from the upper structure of the road base body 1 to the frozen soil layer 13, thereby reducing the temperature change amplitude of the frozen soil layer 13. The temperature control and adjustment component 5 is a phase change temperature control tube, and the tube is filled with phase change materials, such as organic phase change materials mixed with octanoic acid and lauric acid, etc., which are used to absorb heat and undergo phase change to store energy in high temperature seasons and release heat in low temperature seasons. The tube wall is made of stainless steel and has air holes to facilitate the exchange of phase change materials with the outside world. In high temperature seasons, especially during periods of high temperature, the temperature around the road base body 1 will also rise. At this time, the phase change material in the phase change temperature control tube will absorb heat and undergo phase change, storing the heat in the surrounding environment, thereby reducing the temperature around the road base body 1. When entering the low temperature season, the ambient temperature drops, and the phase change material will undergo a reverse phase change, releasing the heat previously stored in the high temperature season, reducing the freeze-thaw cycle of the frozen soil layer 13.

[0027] refer to Figure 1 as well as Figure 2In order to make the wind and sand retaining wall 2 more stable, it also includes a supporting mechanism, which is composed of a plurality of groups of concrete columns 6 arranged in a herringbone shape, and the concrete columns 6 are closely attached to the leeward side of the wind and sand retaining wall 2, and their bottoms extend to the bottom of the road base body 1. The concrete columns 6 penetrate into the ground to a certain depth, and are closely combined with the ground soil layer based on the principle of firm foundation. By utilizing the principle of mechanical force decomposition, the impact force of wind and sand and the impact force of floods are axially decomposed along the concrete columns 6, thereby enhancing the anti-lodging ability of the entire wind and sand retaining wall 2 in harsh environments. The wind and sand retaining wall 2 and the supporting mechanism can be set on one side or both sides according to the actual local wind and sand conditions. If the local wind and sand direction is relatively fixed and mainly comes from one side of the road base body 1, then the wind and sand retaining wall 2 can be set only on the upwind side of the road base body 1.

[0028] refer to Figure 1 as well as Figure 3 A drainage ditch 7 is opened between the road base body 1 and the wind and sand retaining wall 2 to drain surface water and reduce water and heat erosion of the frozen soil layer 13. An inclination angle is provided at the bottom of the drainage ditch 7 to promote smooth flow of water. The road base body 1 and rainwater or melted snow on the surface can be discharged to culverts, bridges, etc. in time to avoid water from penetrating downward. At the same time, the inclined setting of the bottom of the drainage ditch 7 promotes water flow, so that the water can always remain in a flowing state, avoiding the possibility of freezing due to low temperature.

[0029] refer to Figure 2 An ecological slope protection structure 8 is provided on the inclined surfaces on both sides of the road base body 1. The ecological slope protection structure 8 includes a slope protection body 81, a vegetation fixing layer 82 and a vegetation layer 83, which are used to stabilize the soil, prevent soil erosion, and promote ecological diversity. The slope protection body 81 can use three-dimensional vegetation nets, prefabricated concrete blocks, natural pebbles and other materials. These materials have good stability and anti-scouring ability to provide a stable support structure to prevent soil from being lost due to water scouring. Vegetation can be selected according to local climate, soil, hydrology and other factors to ensure that the vegetation can adapt to the harsh environment of the slope, such as shrubs, trees, etc. The vegetation fixing layer 82 can use anchor rods, grids or other fixing devices to firmly fix the vegetation on the slope protection body 81, provide the support required for vegetation growth, and prevent the vegetation from falling off due to water scouring. refer to Figure 5The windward sides of the sand-proof retaining wall 2 and the buffer guide strip 21 are coated with an anti-wear layer 23. The anti-wear coating is made of polyetheretherketone and basalt fiber reinforced composite material. Polyetheretherketone is a high-performance thermoplastic polymer with excellent wear resistance and good temperature resistance. It will not easily become brittle in low temperature environments. Basalt fiber has high strength and hardness. When it reinforces polyetheretherketone, it further improves the wear resistance of the composite material and has good chemical stability. The deicing agent used in the road maintenance process in winter may be splashed onto the surface of the retaining wall and the guide strip with the wind. The anti-wear performance will not be reduced due to chemical corrosion of the deicing agent, thereby maintaining the protective function of the sand-proof retaining wall 2 and the buffer guide strip 21.

[0030] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present application and is not a limitation of the present application. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art may make modifications to the present embodiment without any creative contribution as needed, but such modifications are protected by the patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. An integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat and wind and sand in high-cold mountainous areas, characterized in that: It comprises an above-ground protection component and an underground protection component, wherein the above-ground protection component and the underground protection component are divided based on the road base body (1); The above-ground protection assembly comprises a wind and sand retaining wall (2) and a buffer guide strip (21). The wind and sand retaining wall (2) is connected to the roadbed body (1) via a concrete enlarged foundation and is used to block and reduce the blockage and erosion of the slab roadbed by wind and sand. The buffer guide strip (21) is located on the windward side of the wind and sand retaining wall (2) and has a height between one-half and one-third of the height of the wind and sand retaining wall (2). It is used to buffer the impact force of wind and sand in advance and reduce the direct impact of wind and sand on the wind and sand retaining wall (2). The underground protection component comprises a multi-layer heat-insulating drainage cushion layer (3), a soil-isolating water-seepage board (4) and a temperature control and adjustment component (5). The multi-layer heat-insulating drainage cushion layer (3) is laid between the road base body (1) and the frozen soil layer (13), and comprises, from top to bottom, an anti-filtration layer (31), a drainage layer (32) and a heat-insulating layer (33), for preventing heat from being transferred to the frozen soil layer (13) and for draining water that has infiltrated the bottom of the road base body (1). The soil-isolating water-seepage board (4) is arranged between the drainage layer (32) and the outside of the road base body (1), for preventing soil particles from entering the drainage layer (32) and causing blockage. The temperature control and adjustment component (5) is vertically inserted into the ground at a certain distance along both sides of the road base body (1), to a depth of the frozen soil layer (13), for adjusting the temperature of the road base body (1) and maintaining the stability of the frozen soil layer (13).

2. According to claim 1, the integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat and wind and sand in high-cold mountainous areas is characterized by: It also includes a supporting mechanism, which is composed of a plurality of groups of concrete columns (6) arranged in a herringbone pattern, and the concrete columns (6) are closely attached to the leeward side of the wind and sand retaining wall (2), and the bottom of the concrete columns extends to the bottom of the road basic body (1).

3. The integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat and wind and sand according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wind and sand protection wall (2) is provided with a plurality of hollow areas (22) for disrupting wind and sand flow, and the height of the wind and sand protection wall and the size of the hollow areas (22) can be adaptively adjusted according to the intensity and direction of the wind and sand.

4. The integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat and wind and sand according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A drainage ditch (7) is provided between the roadbed body (1) and the wind and sand retaining wall (2) to drain surface water and reduce water and heat erosion of the frozen soil layer (13).

5. The integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat and wind and sand according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The bottom of the drainage ditch (7) is provided with an inclined angle to promote smooth flow of water.

6. The integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat and wind and sand according to claim 1 is characterized by: The temperature control and adjustment component (5) is a phase change temperature control tube, and the tube is filled with a phase change material, which is used to absorb heat in high temperature seasons to generate phase change and store energy, and release heat in low temperature seasons.

7. The integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat and wind and sand according to claim 6 is characterized in that: An ecological slope protection structure (8) is provided on the inclined surfaces on both sides of the road base body (1). The ecological slope protection structure (8) comprises a slope protection body (81), a vegetation fixing layer (82) and a vegetation layer (83), and is used to stabilize soil, prevent soil erosion, and promote ecological diversity.

8. The integrated device for protecting frozen soil roadbed from water, heat and wind and sand according to claim 1 is characterized by: The windward sides of the wind-sand retaining wall (2) and the buffer guide strip (21) are both coated with an anti-wear layer (23), and the anti-wear coating is made of a composite material reinforced with polyetheretherketone and basalt fiber.

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