Method for improving drilling rate of oil and gas reservoir

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for improving the drilling rate of an oil and gas reservoir, and relates to the technical field of well drilling, and the method comprises the steps: carrying out the regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to obtain an analysis result, and constructing a geological model based on the analysis result to determine a target window; obtaining geologic features according to the geologic model, selecting a geosteering tool based on the geologic features, and then performing drilling construction based on the geosteering tool and the target window to obtain a current drilling trajectory; and adjusting the current drilling trajectory by using the logging data while drilling and based on the adjustment target for improving the drilling rate of the oil and gas reservoir, so as to obtain an optimized drilling trajectory. According to the method, firstly, the geological model is constructed to determine the target window, then drilling construction is carried out based on the target window and the geosteering tool, and the drilling trajectory is adjusted in real time. Therefore, the drilling rate of the oil and gas reservoir of the horizontal well is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of drilling, and in particular to a method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous deepening of exploration and development, the proportion of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as shale oil and gas, tight sandstone, and carbonate rock has increased significantly. The key factors to measure the success of horizontal well drilling include accurate target hitting, keeping the well trajectory in the horizontal well in the best position, and accurate formation evaluation. In the existing technology, horizontal well guidance mainly relies on a single geological guidance software. In the drilling of complex oil and gas reservoirs with frequent formation structure changes, "floating on water" and thin layers, there are often problems such as difficulty in hitting the target, high layer rate, and low drilling rate, which in turn restricts the fine exploration and efficient development of oil fields. Therefore, how to improve the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs is an urgent problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs, which can achieve the technical goals of accurate target, excellent layer penetration, good trajectory and short cycle in complex structural areas, improve geological target hit rate, effective reservoir drilling rate, improve wellbore quality and reservoir production capacity, and save drilling costs. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0004] In a first aspect, the present application provides a method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs, comprising:

[0005] Perform regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to obtain analysis results, and construct a geological model based on the analysis results to determine the target window;

[0006] Acquiring geological features according to the geological model, selecting a geological steering tool based on the geological features, and then performing drilling construction based on the geological steering tool and the target window to obtain a current drilling trajectory;

[0007] The current drilling trajectory is adjusted by using the logging while drilling data and based on the adjustment target of improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs to obtain the optimized drilling trajectory.

[0008] Optionally, performing regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to obtain analysis results, and constructing a geological model based on the analysis results, includes:

[0009] Conduct regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to calibrate well logging data and seismic data of underground formations;

[0010] Combining the well logging data with the seismic data, and extracting a time-depth relationship curve of seismic wave propagation in a formation based on the seismic data;

[0011] A velocity field is established based on the relationship curve to determine the actual depth of the underground structure using the velocity field, and a three-dimensional geological model is constructed based on the actual depth, three-dimensional seismic data and well logging data.

[0012] Optionally, after constructing the three-dimensional geological model based on the actual depth, three-dimensional seismic data and well logging data, the method further includes:

[0013] Determine the distribution of target wells in space and the occurrence and morphology of horizontal formations based on the three-dimensional geological model;

[0014] The electrical property curve of the trajectory to be drilled is determined according to the distribution and the occurrence morphology, so as to determine the target window and the target point based on the electrical property curve.

[0015] Optionally, selecting a geosteering tool based on the geological features, and then performing drilling construction based on the geosteering tool and the target window, includes:

[0016] Selecting a near-drill-bit azimuth gamma measurement tool based on the geological features, and using the near-drill-bit azimuth gamma measurement tool to directly read trajectory parameters and gamma values ​​at the drill bit;

[0017] The formation boundary is detected based on the trajectory parameter and the gamma value to obtain a detection result, and drilling construction is performed based on the detection result and the target window.

[0018] Optionally, selecting a geosteering tool based on the geological features, and then performing drilling construction based on the geosteering tool and the target window, includes:

[0019] Selecting an azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instrument based on the geological features, and acquiring drilling trajectory, logging curve, azimuthal resistivity imaging, azimuthal gamma imaging and boundary inversion imaging display based on the azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instrument;

[0020] Drilling construction is performed based on the drilling trajectory, the logging curve, the azimuthal resistivity imaging, the azimuthal gamma imaging, the boundary inversion imaging display and the target window.

[0021] Optionally, the use of logging while drilling data and adjusting the current drilling trajectory based on the adjustment target of improving the oil and gas reservoir encounter rate includes:

[0022] Determine lithology, element characteristics, gamma and gas logging characteristics based on the logging while drilling data and the seismic data;

[0023] The current drilling trajectory is adjusted based on the adjustment target of improving the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate by utilizing the lithology, the elements, the gamma and the gas logging characteristics.

[0024] Optionally, the method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs further includes:

[0025] The geological model is optimized and adjusted using single well horizontal well data and post-drilling logging data, and the stratigraphic structure map corresponding to the target formation is optimized.

[0026] In a second aspect, the present application provides a device for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs, comprising:

[0027] A geological model building module is used to perform regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to obtain analysis results, and to build a geological model based on the analysis results to determine the target window;

[0028] A drilling trajectory acquisition module, used to obtain geological features according to the geological model, select a geological steering tool based on the geological features, and then perform drilling construction based on the geological steering tool and the target window to obtain a current drilling trajectory;

[0029] The drilling trajectory adjustment module is used to adjust the current drilling trajectory by using the logging data while drilling and based on the adjustment target of improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs to obtain an optimized drilling trajectory.

[0030] In a third aspect, the present application provides an electronic device, including:

[0031] Memory, used to store computer programs;

[0032] The processor is used to execute the computer program to implement the aforementioned method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs.

[0033] In a fourth aspect, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program; wherein, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the aforementioned method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs is implemented.

[0034] In this application, firstly, regional geological analysis is carried out based on geological exploration data to obtain analysis results, and a geological model is constructed based on the analysis results to determine the target window; geological features are obtained according to the geological model, and a geological steering tool is selected based on the geological features, and then drilling construction is carried out based on the geological steering tool and the target window to obtain the current drilling trajectory; the current drilling trajectory is adjusted based on the logging data while drilling and the adjustment target of improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs to obtain the optimized drilling trajectory. As can be seen from the above, this application first constructs a geological model based on geological exploration data to determine the target window, and then selects a suitable geological steering tool for drilling construction, and then uses the logging data while drilling to adjust the drilling trajectory during the drilling construction process. In this way, by carrying out technologies such as geological fine modeling, target prediction, and trajectory control methods, the technical goals of bringing in accurate targets, excellent penetration, good trajectories, and short cycles in complex structural areas are achieved, the geological target hit rate and effective reservoir drilling rate are improved, the wellbore quality is improved, and the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate of horizontal wells is effectively improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0035] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the provided drawings without paying creative work.

[0036] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs disclosed in this application;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the geological model before drilling of the HY1HF well disclosed in this application;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the electrical characteristics of each sublayer in the second section of the HY1HF well disclosed in this application;

[0039] Figure 4 This is a comparison diagram of the horizontal section of the HY1HF well disclosed in this application;

[0040] Figure 5 This is the post-drilling model correction diagram of the HY1HF well disclosed in this application;

[0041] Figure 6 The horizontal section box disclosed in this application corresponds to the location map of the Qianfoya Formation of the PLY1 pilot well;

[0042] Figure 7 This is the pre-drilling steering modeling diagram of the PLY1 well disclosed in this application;

[0043] Figure 8 Well logging, element data and target box location map of PLY1 well disclosed in this application;

[0044] Fig. 9 The real-time geological modeling diagram of the PLY1 well disclosed in this application;

[0045] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the three-dimensional geological model for predicting lithology of the B210-12HF well disclosed in this application;

[0046] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of the geological modeling section along the B210-12HF well disclosed in this application;

[0047] Fig.12 This is a characteristic schematic diagram of the B210-12HF well target box disclosed in this application;

[0048] Fig.13 This is a layer-by-layer comparison diagram of the landing section of the B210-12HF well disclosed in this application;

[0049] Fig.14 This is the trajectory control diagram of the horizontal section of the B210-12HF well disclosed in this application;

[0050] Fig.15 This is the azimuthal resistivity boundary detection inversion map of the B210-12HF well disclosed in this application;

[0051] Fig.16 This is the post-drilling model correction diagram of the B210-12HF well disclosed in this application;

[0052] Fig.17 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs disclosed in this application;

[0053] Fig.18 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device disclosed in this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0054] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0055] With the continuous deepening of exploration and development, the proportion of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs such as shale oil and gas, tight sandstone, and carbonate rock has increased significantly. The key factors for measuring the success of horizontal well drilling include accurate target hitting, keeping the well trajectory in the horizontal well in the best position, and accurate formation evaluation. In the prior art, horizontal well guidance mainly relies on a single geological guidance software. In the drilling of complex oil and gas reservoirs with frequent stratigraphic structural changes, "floating on water" and thin layers, there are often problems such as difficulty in hitting the target, high layer rate, and low drilling rate, which in turn restricts the fine exploration and efficient development of oil fields. Therefore, this application will specifically introduce a method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs that can solve the above problems.

[0056] See also Figure 1 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention discloses a method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs, which may include:

[0057] Step S11: Perform regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to obtain analysis results, and construct a geological model based on the analysis results to determine the target window.

[0058] In this embodiment, regional geological analysis is performed based on geological exploration data to calibrate well logging data and seismic data of underground strata; the well logging data and seismic data are combined, and the time and depth relationship curve of seismic wave propagation in the strata is extracted based on the seismic data; a velocity field is established based on the relationship curve to determine the actual depth of the underground structure using the velocity field, and a three-dimensional geological model is constructed based on the actual depth, three-dimensional seismic data and well logging data. That is, firstly, regional geological analysis is performed based on geological exploration data to clarify the characteristics of regional geological structure, reservoir, etc., and well logging data and seismic data of underground strata are obtained at the same time, wherein the geological exploration data may include seismic, geological, well logging and other data. Next, the well logging data and seismic data are combined to realize multivariate data fine calibration, and then the time and depth relationship curve of seismic wave propagation in the strata, i.e., the time-depth relationship curve, is extracted based on the seismic data, and multiple types of velocity fields are established based on the time-depth relationship curve, so as to realize the time-depth conversion of data volume using the velocity field, and then determine the actual depth of the underground structure. Finally, a three-dimensional geological model is constructed based on the actual depth, three-dimensional seismic data and well logging data.

[0059] In this embodiment, the distribution of the target well in space and the occurrence morphology of the horizontal formation are determined based on the three-dimensional geological model; the electrical curve of the trajectory to be drilled is determined based on the distribution and the occurrence morphology, and the target window and target point are determined based on the electrical curve. Specifically, the electrical curve of the trajectory to be drilled is determined based on the distribution and the occurrence morphology, and then the target window and target point are determined based on the electrical curve, and the rationality of the target point depth is analyzed to determine the marker layer, control point, target layer distribution characteristics, etc. before entering the target.

[0060] Step S12: acquiring geological features according to the geological model, selecting a geological steering tool based on the geological features, and then performing drilling construction based on the geological steering tool and the target window to obtain a current drilling trajectory.

[0061] In this embodiment, a near-bit azimuth gamma measurement tool is selected based on the geological characteristics, and the near-bit azimuth gamma measurement tool is used to directly read the trajectory parameters and gamma values ​​at the drill bit; the formation boundary is detected based on the trajectory parameters and the gamma values ​​to obtain the detection results, and drilling construction is performed based on the detection results and the target window. It can be understood that due to the influence of the sedimentary environment and structural development, some oil and gas reservoirs have characteristics such as strong planar and vertical heterogeneity and complex oil-water relationships. Advanced rotary geosteering technology can be used to grasp the wellbore trajectory and reservoir spatial distribution and accurately control the trajectory. In special geological conditions such as large local structural changes in geological conditions, poor overall quality of seismic data, large gaps between designed targets and actual drilling targets, and poor consistency between the actual drilling formation occurrence and the seismic profile, the near-bit azimuth gamma is selected, and the measuring point is about 0.5-0.8m away from the drill bit. The trajectory parameters and gamma values ​​at the drill bit are directly read, which is convenient for earlier detection of formation boundaries and taking measures.

[0062] In this embodiment, an azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instrument is selected based on the geological features, and the drilling trajectory, logging curve, azimuthal resistivity imaging, azimuthal gamma imaging and boundary inversion imaging display are obtained based on the azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instrument; and drilling construction is performed based on the drilling trajectory, the logging curve, the azimuthal resistivity imaging, the azimuthal gamma imaging, the boundary inversion imaging display and the target window. It should be pointed out that in complex and non-uniform reservoirs such as thin layers, edge and bottom water, pinch-out, and attic oil, an azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instrument is selected, and the drilling trajectory, logging curve, azimuthal resistivity imaging, azimuthal gamma imaging and boundary inversion imaging display are obtained based on the azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instrument and drilling construction is performed to ensure that the drilling trajectory is located in a favorable position of the reservoir during the drilling construction process, to avoid adverse factors such as bottom water and mudstone lenses, and to provide real-time geological guidance decisions.

[0063] Step S13: using the logging while drilling data and based on the adjustment target of improving the oil and gas reservoir encounter rate, adjusting the current drilling trajectory to obtain an optimized drilling trajectory.

[0064] In this embodiment, the lithology, element characteristics, gamma and gas logging characteristics are determined based on the logging data while drilling and the seismic data; the current drilling trajectory is adjusted based on the adjustment target of improving the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate using the lithology, elements, gamma and gas logging characteristics. Specifically, around the three targets of landing point, target point and target box, the four characteristics of lithology, elements, gamma and gas logging are determined by integrating the logging data while drilling and the seismic data, and the drilling trajectory is controlled to be 2-3 The target oil and gas layer is entered at an angle to ensure a smooth landing and reduce formation damage. The distance to the target is kept between 350-400m and the dogleg degree is 6 / 30m to carry out layer comparison, and adjust the geological model and target depth according to the comparison results. After landing on the oil and gas layer, continue to carry out real-time small layer comparison, accurately determine the position of the marker layer and the bottom hole, and accurately navigate the drilling trajectory based on the comparison results. Next, further reduce the dogleg degree and keep the dogleg degree at 3 / 30m to keep the wellbore trajectory smooth and provide the best wellbore conditions for drilling safety and smooth completion operations in the later stage.

[0065] In addition, in this embodiment, it is possible to determine whether the drilling trajectory is passing through the oil and gas layer based on the following while-drilling measurement and recording data: the lithology and electrical properties are consistent with the target window and the percentage of oil-bearing rock cuttings is high; the total hydrocarbon in the gas logging is continuously high and the components are stable; when there is heterogeneity in the reservoir physical properties, the gas logging curve, natural gamma, and resistivity curves are sawtooth-shaped; when the drilling parameters remain unchanged, the drilling time shows a stable relatively low value. At the same time, the trajectory movement can also be judged based on the following LWD data: the oil-bearing cuttings and gas logging are significantly reduced, the upper gamma curve in the azimuth gamma data changes before the lower gamma curve until it is inconsistent with the target window gamma characteristics, and the azimuth resistivity boundary detection shows high resistance cutting into low resistance, indicating that the trajectory is "topped out"; the oil-bearing cuttings and gas logging are significantly reduced, the lower gamma curve in the azimuth gamma data changes before the upper gamma curve until it is inconsistent with the target window gamma characteristics, and the azimuth resistivity boundary detection shows high resistance cutting into low resistance, indicating that the trajectory is "bottomed out"; the oil-bearing cuttings are reduced and water is seeping in, the total hydrocarbons are reduced and the methane content is increased, and the resistivity curve value is reduced, indicating that the trajectory is "touching water".

[0066] In this embodiment, after obtaining the optimized drilling trajectory, a retrospective analysis is carried out on the above process, and the accuracy of the geological model is continuously optimized using the single well horizontal well data. The geological structures such as faults and folds are interpreted in combination with the post-drilling logging data, and the small-layer structural map of the target layer is revised. Combined with the actual drilling control well correction of the adjacent wells, the accuracy of the geological model is controlled within 10m, and the suitability of the selected directional work area is analyzed to guide the subsequent drilling construction.

[0067] In this embodiment, firstly, a regional geological analysis is performed based on geological exploration data to obtain an analysis result, and a geological model is constructed based on the analysis result to determine the target window; geological features are obtained according to the geological model, and a geological steering tool is selected based on the geological features, and then drilling construction is performed based on the geological steering tool and the target window to obtain the current drilling trajectory; the current drilling trajectory is adjusted based on the logging data while drilling and based on the adjustment target of improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs to obtain the optimized drilling trajectory. As can be seen from the above, in this embodiment, a geological model is first constructed based on geological exploration data to determine the target window, and then a suitable geological steering tool is selected for drilling construction, and then the drilling trajectory during the drilling construction process is adjusted using the logging data while drilling. In this way, by carrying out technologies such as geological fine modeling, target prediction, and trajectory control methods, the technical goals of accurate target, excellent penetration, good trajectory, and short cycle in complex structural areas are achieved, the geological target hit rate and effective reservoir drilling rate are improved, the wellbore quality is improved, and the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate of horizontal wells is effectively improved.

[0068] The technical solution of the present application is further described below based on three specific implementations.

[0069] In the first specific implementation, the accuracy of the present invention is verified by referring to the drilling situation of the HY1HF well, wherein the HY1HF well is a shale oil horizontal well, and the target window is the V-3~V-5 sublayers of the second section of the Funing Formation of the Paleogene.

[0070] First, based on the seismic and direct-guided drilling data, a detailed three-dimensional geological model was constructed using geosteering software. Figure 2 As shown. It is predicted that there are two faults in front of target A: F1: 4210m, fault distance of about 8m, layer V-2; F2: 4340m, fault distance of about 20m, layer V-4 top; then according to the logging curve while drilling, lithology, elements and engineering parameters, comprehensive analysis and tracking are carried out to determine the layer encountered by the drill bit. According to the gamma and resistivity curves of the second section of the Fu, a total of 10 feature points are selected, among which the typical characteristics of each sub-layer of the second section of the Fu in the HY1HF well are as follows: Figure 3As shown. Among them, the bottom of the V-1 layer is low gamma and high resistivity, the bottom of V-2 is high gamma, and the top of V-4 is high resistivity. The gamma value in the layer changes from low to high. The S element increases significantly from the V-4 layer, and there is no obvious change in other elements. The V-5 layer has the lowest gamma value and presents a small depression shape. The V-6 gamma is obviously raised as a whole. The V-7 gamma is straight and the value is lower than the upper and lower layers. The gamma of V-9 and V-10 shows an upward trend. Due to the complex stratigraphic structure and developed faults of the Funing Formation in this well, the gamma and resistivity parameters change significantly. Therefore, near-bit azimuth gamma and downhole resistivity instruments are selected for directional construction. Then, according to the characteristic points determined in the early stage, the trajectory is accurately controlled during actual drilling to ensure that it is always traveling within the target window and improve the reservoir encounter rate. Starting from 4595m, the total hydrocarbon is as high as about 45% and maintained at 20-30%, and the well inclination is 68° 70 , preparing to level the trajectory, low GR and high resistance appeared at 4625m, entering V-5; abnormally low GR and low resistance at 4815-4820m, thin section: micrite limestone, mudstone sericitization, suspected of drilling faults, entering V-7, well depth 4845m, well inclination 68.8 Rising to 71 , the trajectory was picked up to find the target window position; at 5140m, GR decreased and resistance increased, entering V-5. At 5243m, GR changes slowed down, judging that it was about to reach the top of V-5, and the well inclination was timely reduced from 81.8° to 80° to avoid layer deviating. At 5675m, high GR and low resistance appeared, judging that the drilling encountered a fault, and the fault reached V-10, and the well inclination was adjusted from 89.5 Rising to 97 , the formation comparison diagram of the horizontal section of Well HY1HF is as follows Figure 4 As shown; after drilling was completed, a retrospective analysis, summary and improvement were conducted on the HY1HF well. The horizontal section of this well is 1038m long. The construction task of the well was successfully completed, and all kinds of data were fully and accurately obtained. The azimuth gamma and comprehensive geological guidance provided strong support for trajectory control. However, some problems and shortcomings were also exposed. First, the density of the drilling fluid was too high, resulting in abnormally low gas measurement values, forcing the downward exploration of the layer. After encountering the fault, the trajectory quickly exited the target window and entered the Fu section. Second, the use of oil-based drilling fluid had a great impact on the geochemical logging data of the horizontal section. Third, the faults were not accurately predicted before drilling. Most of them were judged to be possible only after repeated comparative analysis after drilling; finally, according to the actual drilling gamma, resistivity, electrical imaging, elements and other logging data, the pre-drilling geological model was corrected as follows Figure 5 As shown, it should be noted that 6 faults were encountered in the horizontal section of this well, with F2 fault distance of 8m, F3 fault distance of 30m, F4 fault distance of 14m, F5 fault distance of 19m, and F6 fault distance of 29m. This clarifies the regional fault system and structural morphology, providing support for the next step of fine trajectory design.

[0071] By applying this method, the reservoir drilling rate of this well was 100%, and the drilling task was completed well under extremely complex structural conditions. The tested daily oil production was 20.6 tons, achieving an exploration breakthrough.

[0072] In the second specific implementation, the accuracy of the present invention is verified by referring to the drilling situation of the PLY1 well. The PLY1 well is a shale gas horizontal well, and the target window is 3387.5-3391.5m of the third layer of the first section of the Qianfoya Formation, a total of 4m. The horizontal section box corresponds to the position of the Qianfoya Formation of the PLY1 pilot well as shown in the figure below: Figure 6 shown.

[0073] First, based on the analysis of the geological characteristics of the well and the data of neighboring wells, the 3D seismic data of PLY1 well was finely processed, and the depth profile was sliced ​​along the wellbore trajectory to obtain the structural morphology model of the reservoir. At the same time, the 3D seismic data was sliced ​​along the wellbore trajectory to obtain the pre-drilling geosteering modeling diagram of PLY1 well. Figure 7 As shown. In the actual guidance process, the model is corrected in combination with the actual drilling situation. The target design data of the target layer is used as the control point in the model, and the model is adjusted to place the designed trajectory at the required position in the target layer. The model diagram is divided into two parts, the upper part is the simulated drilling time, gas measurement and natural gamma curve, and the lower part is the formation model. Ⅰ The target landed on the high ground, and the dip angle of the nearby formation changed from upward to downward. The dip angle changed from upward 1.0 Transformed to 0 Post-transition downtilt 2.0 The overall downward slope from target point Ⅰ to target point Ⅱ is about 1.0 -2.0 The projection displacement slows down near 750.00, and the formation dip angle changes from 2.0 The projection displacement changes from nearly horizontal to about 1.5 degrees downward. Ⅱ The formation near the target point becomes gentler, and the formation dip angle changes from 1.5 The strata from target point II to target point III are generally up-dipping by about 2.7 .

[0074] Next, through the actual drilling analysis of the nearest neighboring wells PLY1 pilot well, PL2 well, PL3 well and Puguang 107-1H well, the development characteristics of the formation in this well can be preliminarily predicted, and the geological guidance work of this well can be guided accordingly. According to the analysis of the PLY1 pilot well, the horizontal section guidance window of this well is designed to be 4.00m. From the perspective of the logging curve, the gamma value is between 108 and 133API, with an average value of 125API. The overall shape of the box curve is stable and jagged, with gray shell limestone in the middle. GR is slightly low-pointed, and potassium and calcium elements have an intersection feature. The gamma value of the upper part of the box is slightly higher than that of the lower part. The intersection characteristics of potassium and calcium elements can be used to determine the location of the trajectory, such as Figure 8 As shown in the figure, due to the complex stratigraphic structure and developed faults of the Qianfoya Formation in this well, the gamma and resistivity parameters have obvious response to changes, so the near-bit azimuth gamma and resistivity while drilling instruments are used for directional construction; according to the characteristic points determined in the early stage, the trajectory is accurately controlled during actual drilling to ensure that it always travels within the target window to increase the reservoir encounter rate. The real-time geological modeling diagram of the PLY1 well is shown in the figure. Fig. 9 When drilling to the inclined depth of 3687m, according to the analysis of gamma while drilling, gas logging, element logging and other data, it is currently located in the middle of the box, and the formation dip angle is calculated and fitted to be about 1.0 downward. In order to make the trajectory pass through the middle of the box along the layer, it is required to reduce the inclination from the current well depth to 88.5 at a rate of 2.5° / 30m. ±0.5 Steady inclination drilling. When drilling to an inclination depth of 3963m, the gamma while drilling began to decrease. It was determined that the trajectory cut into the formation, and measures to increase inclination were taken. The well inclination increased from 89.8 to 90.5 and then continued to rise to 91.5 Then, through actual drilling, it was determined that the formation dip angle here was upward. After the combination of seismic drilling and drilling, it was confirmed that the formation dip angle was about 1.3° upward, and the trajectory returned to the middle of the box. When drilling to a slant depth of 4155m, the trajectory was located in the middle of the box and cut the formation upward. According to the latest geophysical data, the subsequent formation was nearly horizontal, and it was required to be 1.5 / 30m slope reduction rate to 91.0 ±0.5 Steady inclination drilling. When drilling to an inclination depth of 4385m, the trajectory is located in the middle of the box, and the formation dip is calculated and fitted to be about 1.7 downward. Considering the subsequent structural changes and later engineering construction work, the 4.0m target frame limit was cancelled and the well inclination was controlled at 89.0-90.5 When drilling to a depth of 4740m, the trajectory is located in the middle of the box, and the formation dip is calculated and fitted to be about 2.0 degrees up. , increased to 92.50 —93.00 Steady inclination drilling. When drilling to the completion depth of 5041.00m, the predicted bottom hole inclination is 93.30 , the drilling was completed at a fixed depth; after the drilling was completed, a retrospective analysis and summary of the PLY1 well was conducted. The control trajectory successfully completed the 1400m horizontal section task, the reservoir encounter rate was 100%, the trajectory was smooth overall, and the gas logging showed good. The comprehensive use of gamma curve comparison, combined with conventional logging and special element logging data, provided a strong guarantee for the successful completion of the horizontal section footage. The GR morphology and lithology analysis of the horizontal section before the actual drilling of target point II were consistent with those of the PLY1 pilot well; the overall GR morphology and lithology analysis near target point II to target point III were consistent with those of the neighboring well Puguang 107-1H well, especially the gray shell limestone in the middle of the box. The sedimentary environment varies greatly in the lateral direction, which is basically consistent with the terrestrial direction.

[0075] By applying this method, the drilling rate of high-quality reservoirs in this well reached 91.3%, and the tested daily gas production was 104,000 cubic meters and oil was 1.27 cubic meters. This achieved a major breakthrough in shale oil and gas exploration in northeastern Sichuan and confirmed that the shale gas resources amounted to 650 billion cubic meters.

[0076] In a third specific implementation, the accuracy of the present invention is verified by referring to the drilling situation of the B210-12HF well, which is a tight sandstone horizontal well, and the target window is the 3-1-3 single sand layer of the Yingcheng Formation III sand group.

[0077] Based on the interpretation of well logging lithology data and 3D seismic data structural characteristics, combined with deterministic modeling methods and stochastic modeling methods, a 3D geological model suitable for this area is constructed and the lithology distribution of the B210-12HF trajectory is analyzed. The 3D geological model of the B210-12HF well lithology prediction is as follows: Fig.10 As shown in Figure 2. Based on the wellbore structural location and the through-well seismic profile, the vertical depth of the target point is predicted to be 3326m. The formation dip is extracted along the designed trajectory, and the geosteering modeling profile is established as shown in Figure 2. Fig.11 As shown in the figure, according to the logging curve while drilling, lithology, elements and engineering parameters, the drill bit encounters the layer through comprehensive analysis and tracking. The gamma curve of the target layer is sawtooth-shaped as a whole, with local peaks. The gamma value of the upper part is relatively low, the gamma value of the middle part is sawtooth-shaped and high, and the gamma value of the lower part is relatively low. The gamma value of the target layer is 85-100 API, and the resistivity curve is a small high value. From top to bottom, the resistivity value increases, ranging from 48 to 90 , among which, the characteristic diagram of the B210-12HF well target box is as follows Fig.12 As shown; due to the complex stratigraphic structure of the Yingcheng Formation in this well, the gamma and resistivity parameters change significantly, so azimuthal gamma and azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instruments are used for directional construction.

[0078] The landing section is compared and analyzed layer by layer to control the change of well deviation. Target A is located 5m below the top of the gas layer in the single sand layer 3-1-3 of the Ying III sand group. The comparison diagram of the landing section of the B210-12HF well is as follows: Fig.13 shown. The small layer is where the gamma decreases and the resistivity increases. The top of the local target layer is about 115m, and the controlled well deviation is 42.6 , The small layer has a gamma decreasing from high to low and a resistivity from low to high. It is about 98m away from the top of the target layer and the controlled well deviation is 42.6 , The small layer has a gamma from low to high, and a resistivity from high to low. It is about 83m away from the top of the target layer, and the controlled well deviation is 44.0 , The small layer is gamma-ray elevated, resistivity decreased, about 38m from the top of the target layer, and the controlled well deviation is 56 , The gamma and resistivity of the small layer are sawtooth, about 14m away from the top of the target layer, and the controlled well deviation is 65 , The small layer has gamma-ray and resistivity increases, about 4m away from the top of the target layer, and the controlled well inclination is 68-69 Landing in the sand layer, increase the inclination to 82 in time after landing Afterwards, the horizontal section adjusts the trajectory in time according to the actual drilling situation to control the trajectory to drill in the middle of the target layer.

[0079] During the horizontal drilling process, the relationship between the trajectory and the formation is analyzed based on the gamma and azimuthal resistivity boundary detection data. Combined with the seismic profile, the formation comparison is strengthened. The trajectory is adjusted in time according to the relative position of the trajectory in the formation to ensure that the trajectory passes through the target layer. Fig.14 , Fig.15 As shown. -69 Land in the sand layer with stable inclination exploration. Increase the well inclination to 82 in time after landing. Fine-tune the trajectory while drilling. The section controlled well inclination was 80.5 -82.5 between, The section controlled well inclination was 85 -87 between, The section controlled well inclination was 79.5 -80.5 between, The section controlled well inclination was 83 -85 between, The section controlled well inclination was 85 -88 between.

[0080] After drilling, a retrospective analysis, summary and improvement were conducted on the B210-12HF well. The gamma and resistivity curves of the target layer of this well are slightly different from those of the surrounding rocks. The horizontal section of the target layer has a large downward dip, resulting in low prediction accuracy, which can easily cause top-out or bottom-out, affecting the drilling rate of the target layer oil and gas layers. In the horizontal section where the formation occurrence changes, the dip angles of the formations before and after change greatly, and the trajectory needs to be intervened in advance. During the actual drilling process, while tracking the logging curve while drilling in real time, pay close attention to the changes in the total hydrocarbon curve during drilling, combine the seismic profile, make good trajectory predictions, intervene in the trajectory changes in advance when encountering faults or micro-structures, and issue warnings. Then, based on the actual drilling gamma, resistivity, electrical imaging, elements and other logging data, the pre-drilling geological model is corrected. The post-drilling model correction diagram of the B210-12HF well is shown in the figure below. Fig.16 As shown, the regional fault system and structural morphology are clarified, providing support for the next step of regional exploration and development design.

[0081] By using this method, the well can grasp the reservoir boundary in real time and comprehensively judge the bottom position of the well. The horizontal section is 896.92m, the target window drilling rate is 100%, and the gas layer drilling rate is 70.2%, which is 30% higher than that of neighboring wells. It has set records such as the highest reservoir drilling rate, the shortest drilling cycle, and the fastest mechanical drilling speed in the block. The daily gas production is 107,000 cubic meters and the daily oil production is 2.41 .

[0082] Accordingly, see Fig.17 As shown, the embodiment of the present application also provides a device for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs, which may include:

[0083] A geological model building module 11 is used to perform regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to obtain analysis results, and to build a geological model based on the analysis results to determine a target window;

[0084] A drilling trajectory acquisition module 12 is used to obtain geological features according to the geological model, select a geological steering tool based on the geological features, and then perform drilling construction based on the geological steering tool and the target window to obtain a current drilling trajectory;

[0085] The drilling trajectory adjustment module 13 is used to adjust the current drilling trajectory by using the logging while drilling data and based on the adjustment target of improving the oil and gas reservoir encounter rate, so as to obtain an optimized drilling trajectory.

[0086] As can be seen from the above, this application first constructs a geological model based on geological exploration data to determine the target window, then selects a suitable geological guidance tool for drilling construction, and then uses the logging data while drilling to adjust the drilling trajectory during the drilling construction process. In this way, by carrying out geological fine modeling, target prediction, trajectory control methods and other technologies, the technical goals of bringing in accurate targets, excellent layer penetration, good trajectory and short cycle in complex structural areas are achieved, the geological target hit rate and effective reservoir drilling rate are improved, the wellbore quality is improved, and the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate of horizontal wells is effectively improved.

[0087] In some specific implementations, the geological model building module 11 includes:

[0088] A data acquisition unit, used for performing regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to calibrate well logging data and seismic data of underground formations;

[0089] A time-depth relationship curve extraction unit, used to combine the well logging data with the seismic data, and extract a time-depth relationship curve of seismic wave propagation in the formation based on the seismic data;

[0090] The geological model construction submodule is used to establish a velocity field based on the relationship curve to determine the actual depth of the underground structure using the velocity field, and to construct a three-dimensional geological model based on the actual depth, three-dimensional seismic data and logging data.

[0091] In some specific implementations, the geological model construction submodule further includes:

[0092] A formation occurrence morphology determination unit, used to determine the distribution of target wells in space and the occurrence morphology of horizontal formations based on the three-dimensional geological model;

[0093] A target window determination unit is used to determine the electrical property curve of the trajectory to be drilled according to the distribution situation and the occurrence morphology, so as to determine the target window based on the electrical property curve.

[0094] In some specific embodiments, the drilling trajectory obtaining module 12 includes:

[0095] A parameter reading unit, used for selecting a near-drill-bit azimuth gamma measurement tool based on the geological features, and using the near-drill-bit azimuth gamma measurement tool to directly read trajectory parameters and gamma values ​​at the drill bit;

[0096] The drilling construction unit is used to detect the formation boundary based on the trajectory parameter and the gamma value to obtain a detection result, and perform drilling construction based on the detection result and the target window.

[0097] In some specific embodiments, the drilling trajectory obtaining module 12 includes:

[0098] An instrument selection unit, used for selecting an azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instrument based on the geological features, and obtaining drilling trajectory, logging curve, azimuthal resistivity imaging, azimuthal gamma imaging and boundary inversion imaging display based on the azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instrument;

[0099] A drilling construction unit is used to perform drilling construction based on the drilling trajectory, the logging curve, the azimuthal resistivity imaging, the azimuthal gamma imaging, the boundary inversion imaging display and the target window.

[0100] In some specific implementations, the drilling trajectory adjustment module 13 includes:

[0101] A feature determination unit, for determining lithology, elemental features, gamma and gas logging features based on the logging while drilling data and the seismic data;

[0102] The trajectory adjustment unit is used to adjust the current drilling trajectory based on the adjustment target of improving the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate by using the lithology, the elements, the gamma and the gas logging characteristics.

[0103] In some specific embodiments, the drilling trajectory adjustment device further includes:

[0104] The model optimization unit is used to optimize and adjust the geological model using single well horizontal well data and post-drilling logging data, and to optimize the stratigraphic structure map corresponding to the target formation.

[0105] Furthermore, the present application also discloses an electronic device. Fig.18 This is a structural diagram of an electronic device 20 according to an exemplary embodiment, and the content in the figure cannot be regarded as any limitation on the scope of use of this application. The electronic device 20 may specifically include: at least one processor 21, at least one memory 22, a power supply 23, a communication interface 24, an input / output interface 25, and a communication bus 26. The memory 22 is used to store a computer program, which is loaded and executed by the processor 21 to implement the relevant steps in the method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs disclosed in any of the aforementioned embodiments. In addition, the electronic device 20 in this embodiment may specifically be an electronic computer.

[0106] In this embodiment, the power supply 23 is used to provide working voltage for each hardware device on the electronic device 20; the communication interface 24 can create a data transmission channel between the electronic device 20 and the external device, and the communication protocol it follows is any communication protocol that can be applied to the technical solution of the present application, and is not specifically limited here; the input and output interface 25 is used to obtain external input data or output data to the outside world, and its specific interface type can be selected according to specific application needs and is not specifically limited here.

[0107] In addition, the memory 22, as a carrier for storing resources, can be a read-only memory, a random access memory, a disk or an optical disk, etc. The resources stored thereon can include an operating system 221, a computer program 222, etc., and the storage method can be temporary storage or permanent storage.

[0108] The operating system 221 is used to manage and control the hardware devices and computer program 222 on the electronic device 20, and can be Windows Server, Netware, Unix, Linux, etc. In addition to including a computer program that can be used to complete the method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs performed by the electronic device 20 disclosed in any of the aforementioned embodiments, the computer program 222 can further include a computer program that can be used to complete other specific tasks.

[0109] Furthermore, the present application also discloses a computer-readable storage medium for storing a computer program; wherein, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the aforementioned disclosed method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs is implemented. The specific steps of the method can be referred to the corresponding contents disclosed in the aforementioned embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0110] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0111] Professionals may further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of this application.

[0112] The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented directly using hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. The software module may be placed in a random access memory (RAM), a memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically programmable ROM, an electrically erasable programmable ROM, a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0113] Finally, it should be noted that, in this article, relational terms such as first and second, etc. are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "comprise" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, the elements defined by the sentence "comprise a ..." do not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the elements.

[0114] The technical solution provided by the present application is introduced in detail above. Specific examples are used in this article to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. At the same time, for general technicians in this field, according to the idea of ​​the present application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

Claims

1. A method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs, characterized in that: include: Perform regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to obtain analysis results, and construct a geological model based on the analysis results to determine the target window; Acquiring geological features according to the geological model, selecting a geological steering tool based on the geological features, and then performing drilling construction based on the geological steering tool and the target window to obtain a current drilling trajectory; The current drilling trajectory is adjusted by using the logging while drilling data and based on the adjustment target of improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs to obtain the optimized drilling trajectory.

2. The method for improving the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method of performing regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to obtain analysis results and constructing a geological model based on the analysis results includes: Conduct regional geological analysis based on geological exploration data to calibrate well logging data and seismic data of underground formations; Combining the well logging data with the seismic data, and extracting a time-depth relationship curve of seismic wave propagation in a formation based on the seismic data; A velocity field is established based on the relationship curve to determine the actual depth of the underground structure using the velocity field, and a three-dimensional geological model is constructed based on the actual depth, three-dimensional seismic data and well logging data.

3. The method for improving the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate according to claim 2, characterized in that: After constructing the three-dimensional geological model based on the actual depth, three-dimensional seismic data and logging data, the method further includes: Determine the distribution of target wells in space and the occurrence and morphology of horizontal formations based on the three-dimensional geological model; The electrical property curve of the trajectory to be drilled is determined according to the distribution and the occurrence morphology, so as to determine the target window and the target point based on the electrical property curve.

4. The method for improving the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of selecting a geosteering tool based on the geological features and then performing drilling construction based on the geosteering tool and the target window includes: Selecting a near-drill-bit azimuth gamma measurement tool based on the geological features, and using the near-drill-bit azimuth gamma measurement tool to directly read trajectory parameters and gamma values ​​at the drill bit; The formation boundary is detected based on the trajectory parameter and the gamma value to obtain a detection result, and drilling construction is performed based on the detection result and the target window.

5. The method for improving the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step of selecting a geosteering tool based on the geological features and then performing drilling construction based on the geosteering tool and the target window includes: Selecting an azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instrument based on the geological features, and acquiring drilling trajectory, logging curve, azimuthal resistivity imaging, azimuthal gamma imaging and boundary inversion imaging display based on the azimuthal resistivity boundary detection instrument; Drilling construction is performed based on the drilling trajectory, the logging curve, the azimuthal resistivity imaging, the azimuthal gamma imaging, the boundary inversion imaging display and the target window.

6. The method for improving the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate according to claim 2, characterized in that: The method of adjusting the current drilling trajectory by using the logging while drilling data and based on the adjustment target of improving the oil and gas reservoir encounter rate includes: Determine lithology, element characteristics, gamma and gas logging characteristics based on the logging while drilling data and the seismic data; The current drilling trajectory is adjusted based on the adjustment target of improving the oil and gas reservoir drilling rate by utilizing the lithology, the elements, the gamma and the gas logging characteristics.

7. The method for improving the drilling rate of oil and gas reservoirs according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: Also includes: The geological model is optimized and adjusted using single well horizontal well data and post-drilling logging data, and the stratigraphic structure map corresponding to the target formation is optimized.

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