A method for determining the drilling angle of a perimeter hole of a rock shaft

Abstract

The embodiment of the present application discloses a method for determining the drilling angle of a peripheral blast hole of a rock shaft, relates to the technical field of mines, and aims to improve the progress and safety during construction. The method comprises the following steps: determining the drilling angle of a drill rod according to the wall thickness of a template, the height of a cut, the preset depth of the peripheral blast hole, and the preset hole bottom position of the peripheral blast hole; wherein the template is embedded in the shaft, the height of the cut is the distance between the bottom of the template and the bottom of the rock shaft, the peripheral blast hole is a drilling hole drilled from the bottom towards the direction away from the top of the rock shaft, the drilling angle is the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the shaft axis, and the hole bottom position of the peripheral blast hole is the distance between the hole bottom of the peripheral blast hole and the shaft wall of the rock shaft; determining the preset landing point of a drill bit at the bottom of the rock shaft based on the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template, and the height of the cut; and constructing the peripheral blast hole according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle. The present application is applicable to the scene of rock shaft excavation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of vertical shaft mining technology, specifically to a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock vertical shaft. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, drilling and blasting remains one of the main methods for excavating vertical shafts in rock, accounting for more than 95% of rock shaft and tunnel construction operations. Unlike tunnel construction, in order to ensure the safety of construction operations, the shaft wall must be reinforced by formwork during the construction of vertical shafts. The distance from the bottom of the formwork to the bottom of the shaft is called the break height.

[0003] The construction process of vertical shaft includes six parts: drilling, charging, blasting, waste removal, formwork and bottom cleaning; vertical shaft blast holes usually include three types: slotting holes, auxiliary holes and peripheral blast holes; the inclination and depth of peripheral blast holes are related to the quality of the excavation outline; at present, there are two main problems in the construction of peripheral blast holes: (1) due to the lack of a suitable means to control the inclination angle of the drill rod, the designed inclination angle of the peripheral blast holes cannot be effectively implemented; (2) the inclination angle of the peripheral blast holes is roughly estimated by the operators based on experience, resulting in the distance between the bottom of the blast hole and the vertical line of the well wall being too large or too small, causing over-excavation and under-excavation problems, and the existing auxiliary drill rod inclination angle control device is extremely inconvenient to operate in actual operation due to the light at the bottom of the well. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for determining the drilling angle of the peripheral blast holes of a rock shaft, which can improve the progress and safety of shaft construction operations.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution:

[0006] This invention provides a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock shaft, comprising: determining the drilling angle of a drill rod based on the wall thickness of a template, the break-off height, the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes; wherein the template is embedded in the rock shaft, the break-off height is the distance between the bottom of the template and the bottom of the rock shaft, the peripheral blast holes are drilled from the bottom of the rock shaft toward the direction away from the top of the rock shaft, the drilling angle is the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the axis of the rock shaft when drilling the peripheral blast holes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes is the distance between the preset bottom of the peripheral blast holes and the shaft wall of the rock shaft; determining the preset landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft based on the drilling angle, the wall thickness of the template, and the break-off height; and drilling the peripheral blast holes according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle.

[0007] Optionally, before determining the drilling angle of the drill rod based on the template wall thickness, break height, preset depth of the surrounding blast holes, and preset bottom position of the surrounding blast holes, the method further includes: determining the preset bottom position of the surrounding blast holes based on the geological characteristics of the rock shaft, wherein the geological characteristics include at least the Protodyakonov coefficient of the rock.

[0008] Optionally, the drilling angle is the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the axis of the rock shaft when the drill rod is attached to the inner wall of the template to construct the peripheral blast holes; determining the drilling angle of the drill rod based on the template wall thickness, the break height, the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes includes: determining the drilling angle of the drill rod to satisfy the following first functional relationship:

[0009] ;

[0010] in, The drilling angle is... The thickness of the template component is given. The height of the break. The preset depth of the surrounding blast holes. The distance between the bottom of the peripheral blast hole and the wall of the rock shaft.

[0011] Optionally, there is a reference distance between the preset landing point and the well wall of the rock shaft; determining the preset landing point of the drill bit at the bottom of the rock shaft based on the drilling angle, the template wall thickness, and the break height includes: determining the preset landing point of the drill bit at the bottom of the rock shaft to satisfy the following second functional relationship:

[0012] ;

[0013] in, The reference distance is [reference distance].

[0014] Optionally, the bottom of the peripheral blast holes is located on the wall of the rock shaft, and the drilling angle satisfies the following third functional relationship:

[0015] .

[0016] Optionally, the step of constructing the peripheral blast holes according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle includes: determining the landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft according to the preset landing point; placing the drill rod against the inner wall of the template and maintaining the drill rod at the drilling angle; drilling a hole from the landing point and constructing to the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes.

[0017] Optionally, based on the first functional relationship and the second functional relationship, multiple sets of construction parameters are determined, wherein each set of construction parameters includes the drilling angle, the reference distance, and the preset bottom position of the surrounding blast holes; according to the geological characteristics of the rock shaft, a target parameter set is selected from the multiple sets of construction parameters; the construction of the surrounding blast holes according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle includes determining the preset landing point and the drilling angle according to the target parameter set, and constructing the surrounding blast holes.

[0018] This invention provides a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock shaft. Based on the template wall thickness, break height, preset depth of the peripheral blast holes, and preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes, the drilling angle of the drill rod is determined. Then, the preset landing point of the drill bit on the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft is determined. Finally, based on the preset landing point and drilling angle, the peripheral blast holes are constructed. Compared with existing technologies, this method can effectively control the over- and under-excavation problems of surrounding rock during shaft excavation, shorten the construction cycle, and improve shaft construction efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0020] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock shaft according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the peripheral blast holes of a rock shaft in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] It should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] This invention provides a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock shaft, which can improve the progress and safety of shaft construction operations.

[0025] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0026] See Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, this embodiment of the invention provides a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock shaft, including:

[0027] S11. This includes determining the drilling angle of the drill rod based on the wall thickness of the template component, the break height, the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes; wherein, the template component is embedded in the rock shaft, the break height is the distance between the bottom of the template component and the bottom of the rock shaft, the peripheral blast holes are drilled from the bottom of the rock shaft towards the top away from the top of the rock shaft, the drilling angle is the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the axis of the rock shaft when drilling the peripheral blast holes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes is the distance between the preset bottom of the peripheral blast holes and the shaft wall of the rock shaft.

[0028] S12. Based on the drilling angle, template wall thickness, and break height, determine the preset landing point of the drill bit at the bottom of the rock shaft;

[0029] S13. Construct surrounding blast holes according to the preset landing point and drilling angle.

[0030] The thickness of the template wall, the height of the break, the preset depth of the surrounding blast holes, and the preset bottom position of the surrounding blast holes all affect the drilling angle. The template is embedded in the rock shaft, which allows the drill rod to fit better. During the drilling of the surrounding blast holes, the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the rock axis is the drilling angle during drilling. The function of the surrounding blast holes is to control the profile of the shaft cross section and ensure that the cross section size, shape, and direction after blasting meet the design requirements. Moreover, with the drilling angle, template wall thickness, and break height all confirmed, the preset landing point and drilling angle can be calculated, thereby enabling the construction operation of the surrounding blast holes and improving the construction progress.

[0031] This invention provides a method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock shaft. Based on the wall thickness of the template component, the break height, the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes, the drilling angle of the drill rod is determined. Then, the preset landing point of the drill bit at the bottom of the rock shaft is determined. Finally, based on the preset landing point and drilling angle, the peripheral blast holes are constructed. Compared with existing technologies, this method can effectively control the over- and under-excavation problems of surrounding rock during shaft excavation, shorten the construction cycle, and improve shaft construction efficiency.

[0032] In one embodiment, before determining the drilling angle of the drill rod based on the template wall thickness, break height, preset depth of the surrounding blast holes, and preset bottom position of the surrounding blast holes, the method further includes: determining the preset bottom position of the surrounding blast holes based on the geological characteristics of the rock shaft, wherein the geological characteristics include at least the Protodyakonov coefficient of the rock; because the higher the Protodyakonov coefficient f of the rock, the harder the rock is, and the more difficult it is to carry out drilling construction, so only methods such as oblique drilling can be adopted to reduce the damage of excessively hard rocks to the drilling equipment.

[0033] In one embodiment, the drilling angle is the inclination angle of the drill rod relative to the axis of the rock shaft when the drill rod is attached to the inner wall of the template for constructing peripheral blast holes; the drilling angle of the drill rod is determined based on the template wall thickness, the height of the blast hole, the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes, including: determining the drilling angle of the drill rod to satisfy the following first functional relationship:

[0034] ;

[0035] in, For drilling angle, For template wall thickness, To cut off the height, The preset depth for the surrounding blast holes. This is the distance between the bottom of the surrounding blast holes and the wall of the rock shaft;

[0036] Thus, when calculated When the value is positive, the bottom of the borehole is located radially inside the shaft wall, where the rock in the shaft is less hard, facilitating drilling; when When the value is negative, the bottom of the borehole is located radially outside the well wall, and the rock in this area is relatively hard. Therefore, it is necessary to choose an oblique drilling direction based on the actual situation. The choice of positive or negative value is related to the hardness of the rock. When the rock is relatively hard, A positive value indicates that the rock is relatively hard. The value is negative; furthermore, poor lighting downhole and heavy equipment can affect the determination of the drilling angle and may cause errors. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure the lighting intensity and equipment stability downhole as much as possible.

[0037] In one embodiment, a reference distance exists between the preset landing point and the well wall of the rock shaft; determining the preset landing point of the drill bit at the bottom of the rock shaft based on the drilling angle, template wall thickness, and break height includes: determining the preset landing point of the drill bit at the bottom of the rock shaft to satisfy the following second functional relationship:

[0038] ;

[0039] in, The reference distance serves as a reference distance; it should be understood that determining the preset landing point through the reference distance is only one method of determining the preset landing point, and setting a reference distance facilitates measurement and improves work efficiency.

[0040] In addition, when construction workers are drilling holes in the surrounding area, the drill rod must be close to the inner side of the lower edge of the template. It is easy to see that when the drilling angle is determined, the reference distance is also determined and is unique.

[0041] In one embodiment, the bottom of the peripheral blast holes is located on the wall of the rock shaft, and the drilling angle satisfies the following third functional relationship:

[0042] ;

[0043] Among them, the bottom of the peripheral blast holes is located on the wall of the rock shaft, the bottom of the peripheral blast holes coincides with the wall of the rock shaft, and the distance between the bottom of the peripheral blast holes and the wall of the rock shaft is 0. The third function relationship applies when the bottom of the blast holes is located on the wall of the rock shaft after the drilling is completed. The value of the drilling angle can be calculated by solving the above formula using programming software, including MATLAB application software.

[0044] In one embodiment, constructing peripheral blast holes according to a preset landing point and drilling angle includes: determining the landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft according to the preset landing point; placing the drill rod against the inner wall of the template and maintaining the drilling angle; drilling from the landing point and constructing to the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes; thus, when the drilling angle, template wall thickness, section height, and preset landing point are determined, the landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft can be determined. During construction, after determining the landing point of the drill bit, the drill rod body is placed against the inner side of the lower edge of the template. At this time, the drill rod is at a certain angle, which is the drilling angle of the drill bit. Then, drilling is performed from the landing point according to the preset target depth.

[0045] In one embodiment, before constructing peripheral blast holes according to a preset landing point and drilling angle, the method further includes: determining multiple sets of construction parameters based on a first functional relationship and a second functional relationship, wherein each set of construction parameters includes a drilling angle, a reference distance, and a preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes; selecting a target parameter set from the multiple sets of construction parameters according to the geological characteristics of the rock shaft; constructing peripheral blast holes according to the preset landing point and drilling angle, including determining the preset landing point and drilling angle according to the target parameter set, and constructing peripheral blast holes; wherein, since the rock characteristics in different shafts are different, it is necessary to adjust the bottom landing point of the blast holes according to different rock characteristics. The distance from the bottom landing point of the blast hole to the vertical line of the shaft wall can be changed by adjusting the size of the drilling angle. Appropriate parameters are selected from the multiple sets of construction parameters according to the actual situation on site to control the bottom landing point of the blast holes, and the corresponding drilling angle and various parameters are determined according to the selected parameters.

[0046] It should be understood that the Protodyakonov coefficient is used to measure the firmness of rock, and the Protodyakonov coefficient f also plays a role in determining the distance from the bottom of the surrounding borehole to the well wall.

[0047] When the Protodyakonov coefficient f of the rock ranges from 1 to 5, the distance is 0 to 10 mm;

[0048] When the Protodyakonov coefficient f of the rock ranges from 6 to 7, the distance is -100 to 0 mm;

[0049] When the Protodyakonov coefficient f of the rock ranges from 8 to 10, the distance is -100 to -150 mm;

[0050] When the Protodyakonov coefficient f of the rock ranges from 11 to 20, the distance is -150 to -300 mm.

[0051] The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. Those skilled in the art can design and modify the device and its usage within the scope of the present invention according to the on-site construction conditions.

[0052] The various embodiments in this specification are described in a related manner. The same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment focuses on describing the differences from other embodiments.

[0053] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock shaft, characterized in that, include: The drilling angle of the drill rod is determined based on the wall thickness of the template component, the break-off height, the preset depth of the peripheral blast holes, and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes. The template component is embedded within the rock shaft; the break-off height is the distance between the bottom of the template component and the bottom of the rock shaft; the peripheral blast holes are drilled from the bottom of the rock shaft towards the direction away from the top; the drilling angle is the angle of inclination of the drill rod relative to the axis of the rock shaft when the drill rod is against the inner wall of the template component during the drilling of the peripheral blast holes; and the preset bottom position of the peripheral blast holes is the distance between the preset bottom of the peripheral blast holes and the shaft wall of the rock shaft. The drilling angle of the drill rod is determined to satisfy the following first functional relationship: ;in, The drilling angle is... The thickness of the template component is given. The height of the break. The preset depth of the surrounding blast holes. The distance between the bottom of the peripheral blast holes and the wall of the rock shaft; The predetermined landing point of the drill bit at the bottom of the rock shaft is determined to satisfy the following second functional relationship: The preset landing point has a reference distance from the wall of the rock shaft. The reference distance is... Based on the first functional relationship and the second functional relationship, multiple sets of construction parameters are determined, wherein each set of construction parameters includes the drilling angle, the reference distance, and the preset bottom position of the surrounding blast holes; according to the geological characteristics of the rock shaft, a target parameter set is selected from the multiple sets of construction parameters; Determine the preset landing point and the drilling angle according to the target parameter set; The surrounding blast holes are constructed according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle.

2. The method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock shaft as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Before determining the drilling angle of the drill rod based on the template wall thickness, cross-sectional height, preset depth of the surrounding blast holes, and preset bottom position of the surrounding blast holes, the method further includes: Based on the geological characteristics of the rock shaft, the preset bottom positions of the surrounding blast holes are determined, wherein the geological characteristics include at least the Protodyakonov coefficient of the rock.

3. The method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock shaft as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The bottom of the peripheral blast holes is located on the wall of the rock shaft, and the drilling angle satisfies the following third functional relationship: 。 4. The method for determining the drilling angle of peripheral blast holes in a rock shaft as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The step of constructing the surrounding blast holes according to the preset landing point and the drilling angle includes: Based on the preset landing point, determine the landing point of the drill bit of the drill rod at the bottom of the rock shaft; The drill rod is placed against the inner wall of the template component, and the drill rod is kept at the drilling angle. Drill a hole at the landing point and proceed to the predetermined depth of the surrounding blast holes.

Images