A safety protection device for hydrogen pipelines

Abstract

This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy safety technology, specifically relating to a hydrogen pipeline safety protection device. The hydrogen pipeline safety protection device includes a conductive anti-corrosion layer disposed on the outside of the pipeline, and a flame-arresting component disposed on the outside of the conductive anti-corrosion layer. The flame-arresting component is configured to prevent the spread of flame. This invention, equipped with a flame-arresting component, can prevent spontaneous combustion of leaked hydrogen, thus avoiding the risk of combustion and explosion.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen energy safety technology, specifically, it relates to a safety protection device for hydrogen pipelines. Background Technology

[0002] Pipelines and equipment operating in high-pressure hydrogen environments are prone to hydrogen embrittlement failure, especially weak links such as welded joints, which are susceptible to cracking due to hydrogen damage, welding defects, stress concentration, and improper heat treatment processes.

[0003] A sudden crack in a hydrogen pipeline can lead to a large leak of hydrogen. The leaking hydrogen rapidly mixes with air to form a flammable and explosive gas mixture. Furthermore, the intense friction between the hydrogen and the cracked area of ​​the pipeline generates static sparks, which can easily trigger a serious combustion and explosion accident.

[0004] When a hydrogen pipeline cracks, the high-pressure gas inside cannot be immediately released. Instead, a decompression wave is generated from the fracture point to both sides and propagates to the distal ends. Because the hydrogen decompression wave velocity is lower than the crack propagation velocity, the crack tip remains under high stress, causing the crack to continue to propagate at a high speed, resulting in a ductile fracture of the pipeline. Furthermore, after a hydrogen pipeline leaks, a jet stream may form under pressure. In this case, if the gas at the leak point is ignited, a jet fire will occur. For overhead hydrogen pipelines, a jet fire can significantly impact the safety of surrounding equipment and personnel, especially when there are parallel hydrogen pipelines, which can easily trigger a chain reaction of accidents.

[0005] Chinese patent document CN101205999A discloses a technique for repairing, reinforcing, strengthening, and / or preventing cracks in pipelines. This invention relates to methods for repairing, reinforcing, and / or strengthening pipelines, particularly metal pipelines, and methods for preventing cracks in pipelines. The method is characterized by first covering the parts of the pipeline requiring repair, reinforcement, and / or strengthening, or requiring crack prevention, with an insulating material, and then laying a high-strength fiber composite material.

[0006] The elastic modulus of the material used in this invention is close to that of the metal pipe material, allowing it to form an integral part with the pipeline, jointly bearing the internal pressure and enabling the final composite pipeline to achieve the required pressure-bearing capacity, such as restoring the original maximum operating pressure of the pipeline. Furthermore, it can effectively prevent cracking in the event of pipeline rupture or other accidents. In addition, because an insulating material is used at the bottom layer, the possibility of electrocoupling corrosion between the pipeline and the reinforcing material is completely eliminated. The method of this invention is simple to construct, requires no open flame, facilitates a tight bond between the reinforcing material and the pipe body, and between reinforcing layers, and can be used for repair, reinforcement, and strengthening of in-service pipelines.

[0007] This invention cannot achieve the effects of pipeline leak detection, fire prevention, and leak sealing.

[0008] Chinese patent document CN107310167B discloses a method for constructing a reinforced carbon fiber cloth composite layer and a pipeline crack arrester using this method. The key features are: at least four layers of reinforced carbon fiber cloth with the same shape are laid together, impregnated with an adhesive, and then cured to form a reinforced carbon fiber cloth composite layer; the tensile directions of each layer of reinforced carbon fiber cloth alternately have included angles from top to bottom, with the included angles ranging from 15° to 60°; each angled reinforced carbon fiber cloth is composed of at least two reinforced carbon fiber cloths with the same main fiber direction stacked together; a non-cured strip without adhesive impregnation is left in the middle section of the reinforced carbon fiber cloth composite layer. The crack arrester constructed using this method can effectively prevent the propagation of various types of cracks in pipelines, achieving flexible crack arrest for ductile fracture of pipelines.

[0009] This invention cannot achieve the effects of pipeline leak detection, fire prevention, and leak sealing.

[0010] Chinese patent document CN207094070U discloses a crack arrester for supercritical CO2 transport pipelines. This utility model relates to the field of pipeline fracture control, and particularly to a crack arrester for supercritical CO2 transport pipelines. The crack arrester for supercritical CO2 transport pipelines comprises, from the inside out, a first insulating layer, a carbon fiber cloth composite layer, a second insulating layer, a rubber pad layer, and a metal sleeve layer on the outer surface of the supercritical CO2 transport pipeline. The crack arrester disclosed in this utility model has the following beneficial effects: 1. It helps reduce the crack driving force, prevents crack propagation, and effectively stops cracking; it can also repair and reinforce the pipeline, playing a role in strengthening local sections of the pipeline; 2. It can reduce damage from ground subsidence, gravel, and third-party physical and mechanical actions, and avoid erosion of the internal carbon fiber cloth composite layer by long-term sunlight and weathering.

[0011] This invention cannot achieve the effects of pipeline leak detection, fire prevention, and leak sealing.

[0012] Therefore, in order to ensure the safety of hydrogen pipelines and equipment, it is urgent to propose a multi-functional safety protection device for hydrogen pipeline leakage detection, crack prevention, and flame arrest, targeting weak links such as welds. Summary of the Invention

[0013] In view of the technical problems mentioned above, the present invention aims to provide a safety protection device for hydrogen pipelines, which can solve at least one of the above problems.

[0014] According to the present invention, a safety protection device for hydrogen pipelines is provided, comprising an electrostatic conductive anti-corrosion layer disposed on the outside of the pipeline, and a flame-arresting component disposed on the outside of the electrostatic conductive anti-corrosion layer, the flame-arresting component being configured to prevent the spread of flames.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment, the flame arrestor assembly includes a flame arrestor metal sleeve configured to prevent flame spread through a cold wall effect or a vessel wall effect.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment, the flame-retardant assembly includes a protective shell and a flame-retardant inflatable core material, the flame-retardant inflatable core material being disposed inside the protective shell and configured to expand upon contact with fire.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment, a mounting groove is provided on the inner side of the protective shell, and the flame-retardant intumescent core material is disposed in the mounting groove.

[0018] In a preferred embodiment, the flame-retardant intumescent core material comprises low-density polyethylene, lignin, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, and a foaming agent.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, the weight ratio of ammonium polyphosphate to melamine cyanurate in the flame-retardant intumescent core material is 7:5 to 7:8.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment, the electrostatic conductive and corrosion-resistant layer comprises epoxy resin, waterborne amine adduct, conductive mica powder, corrosion-resistant pigments and fillers, and modified amine curing agent.

[0021] In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device further includes a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester disposed between the electrostatic conductive anti-corrosion layer and the flame arrestor assembly.

[0022] In a preferred embodiment, the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester comprises multiple layers of fiber cloth made of reinforced carbon fiber material.

[0023] In a preferred embodiment, the included angle between the winding directions of two adjacent layers of the fiber cloth is in the range of 15° to 45°.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, the reinforced fiber layer crack arresters are spaced apart along the axial direction of the pipe.

[0025] In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device further includes a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating disposed on the outside of the flame arrestor assembly.

[0026] In a preferred embodiment, a thermocouple is disposed inside the flame-retardant expandable core material, and a hydrogen sensor is disposed on the inner side of the flame-retardant expandable core material.

[0027] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of this application are as follows.

[0028] This invention is equipped with a flame arrestor component, which can prevent spontaneous combustion of leaked hydrogen and avoid the risk of combustion and explosion.

[0029] This invention is equipped with a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester, which can stop the propagation of various cracks in hydrogen pipelines and prevent the accident from spreading.

[0030] This invention features a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating for rapid detection of hydrogen leaks. Furthermore, it incorporates a thermocouple and a hydrogen sensor to monitor hydrogen leaks and subsequent combustion.

[0031] The invention has a simple overall structure, is easy to install, and has reliable performance. Attached Figure Description

[0032] The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0033] Figure 1 A longitudinal cross-sectional schematic diagram of one embodiment of the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device according to the present invention is shown;

[0034] Figure 2 Showing Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the AA direction;

[0035] Figure 3 A top view of the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device according to the present invention is shown.

[0036] Figure 4 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of one embodiment of the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device according to the present invention is shown;

[0037] Figure 5 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of one embodiment of the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device according to the present invention is shown;

[0038] Figure 6 A diagram illustrating the pipeline repair is shown.

[0039] In the picture:

[0040] 1. Electrostatic conductive anti-corrosion layer; 2. Reinforced fiber layer crack arrester; 30. Flame arrestor assembly; 3. Protective shell; 4. Flame-retardant expansion core material; 5. Hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating; 6. Fixing bolts; 7. Pipeline; 8. Thermocouple; 9. Hydrogen sensor; 10. Epoxy mortar; 100. Hydrogen pipeline safety protection device.

[0041] In this application, all drawings are schematic and are used only to illustrate the principles of the invention, and are not drawn to scale. Detailed Implementation

[0042] The invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] It should be noted that the directional term or qualifier used in this application, "inner side" refers to the direction close to the central axis of the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device 100, and "outer side" refers to the direction away from the central axis of the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device 100.

[0044] Figure 1 The structure of a hydrogen pipeline safety protection device 100 according to the present invention is shown. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device 100 is installed on the outside of the pipeline 7, including a static-dissipating anti-corrosion layer 1 and a flame-arresting component 30. The static-dissipating anti-corrosion layer 1 is installed on the outside of the pipeline 7, and the flame-arresting component 30 is installed on the outside of the static-dissipating anti-corrosion layer 1.

[0045] Specifically, the conductive anti-corrosion layer 1 is formed by coating the surface of the pipe 7 with a layer of conductive anti-corrosion material, allowing the material to bond with the substrate of the pipe 7 to form a dense protective film. This protective film remains unaffected by bending and torsion conditions. In this embodiment, the conductive anti-corrosion layer 1 serves two purposes: firstly, it provides long-term corrosion protection, extending the service life of the pipe 7; secondly, in the event of a hydrogen leak, the conductive anti-corrosion layer 1 reduces the risk of fire caused by frictional static electricity generated between hydrogen and the leak hole in the pipe 7.

[0046] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the conductive anti-corrosion material used in the conductive anti-corrosion layer 1 includes epoxy resin, waterborne amine adduct, conductive mica powder, corrosion-resistant pigments and fillers, and modified amine curing agent. The epoxy resin, waterborne amine adduct, conductive mica powder, and corrosion-resistant pigments and fillers are mixed to form component A. Preferably, the molecular formula of the epoxy resin is (C... 11 H 12 The corrosion-resistant pigment and filler is zinc phosphate, and the weight ratio of conductive mica powder to epoxy resin in component A is 0.4:1 to 0.7:1. The modified amine curing agent is component B. Component A and component B are mixed to form the coating required for the conductive anti-corrosion layer 1. Preferably, the weight ratio of component A to component B is 5:1.

[0047] The conductive anti-corrosion material provided in this embodiment can form a dense protective film after being applied to the outer surface of the pipe 7. It can provide long-term corrosion protection, reduce the risk of fire caused by frictional static electricity during hydrogen leakage, and the performance of the protective film is not affected under bending and torsion conditions.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, the flame arrestor assembly 30 is configured to prevent the spread of flame. Specifically, the flame arrestor assembly 30 in this embodiment includes a flame arrestor metal sleeve (not shown in the figure), which is configured to prevent the spread of flame through the cold wall effect or the vessel wall effect. In this embodiment, the flame arrestor metal sleeve is made of a material such as foamed metal or sintered metal, which itself can act as a flame arrestor for the jet flame generated by spontaneous combustion of leakage through the cold wall effect and the vessel wall effect. With this configuration, when hydrogen leakage and fire occur in pipeline 7, the generated flame can be quickly extinguished after encountering the flame arrestor metal sleeve under the cold wall effect and the vessel wall effect, thereby achieving the effect of flame arrest.

[0049] According to the present invention, in this embodiment, a reinforced carbon fiber crack arrester 2 is provided between the electrostatic conductive anti-corrosion layer 1 and the flame arrestor component 30.

[0050] In one specific embodiment, the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 comprises multiple layers of fiber cloth made of reinforced carbon fiber material. The fiber cloth is impregnated with epoxy resin and then wound around the surface of the pipe 7 in multiple layers to form the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2.

[0051] During the fiber cloth winding process, the anisotropy of the fibers must be considered. Each layer of fiber cloth has a certain angle between its winding direction, forming a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 that effectively prevents the propagation of various cracks in the pipe 7. In a preferred embodiment, the angle between the winding directions of two adjacent fiber cloth layers ranges from 15° to 45°. The selection criteria for the winding layer thickness are uniform circumferential stress distribution between the pipe 7 and the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2, and a safety factor of 1.5. The reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 can absorb fracture energy to a certain extent when cracks occur in the pipe 7, preventing and delaying fracture and stopping fracture propagation.

[0052] According to the present invention, the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 can be installed at weak points in the pipe 7 where there is a risk of cracking. The reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 can also be distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the pipe 7, and installed on both sides of the weak points in the pipe 7.

[0053] In another embodiment of the present invention, the flame arrestor 30 is configured to prevent the spread of flame. Specifically, as shown in the figure... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the flame-retardant assembly 30 in this embodiment includes a protective shell 3 and a flame-retardant expanding core material 4. The flame-retardant expanding core material 4 is disposed inside the protective shell 3, and the flame-retardant expanding core material 4 is configured to expand upon contact with fire.

[0054] In one specific embodiment, the protective shell 3 can be made of stainless steel, which has the advantages of high hardness, high strength, and good corrosion resistance. The protective shell 3 is located outside the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2, effectively protecting the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 and the pipeline 7 structure from external environmental damage. Furthermore, the protective shell 3 prevents external fires from causing thermal shock, thermal radiation, and burning to the hydrogen pipeline 7. Additionally, the protective shell 3 can restrict the expansion direction of the flame-retardant expanding core material 4 during its expansion upon contact with fire, allowing the flame-retardant expanding core material 4 to more quickly seal leaks and prevent the spread of flames.

[0055] In a specific embodiment, such as Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the protective shell 3 includes two identical circular groove-shaped semi-circular rings, with connecting lugs for mounting and fixing bolts 6 at both ends. This connection method allows for quick installation and removal of the protective shell 3 from the pipe 7. Furthermore, by adjusting the preload of the fixing bolts 6, the tightness between the protective shell 3 and the pipe 7 can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the amount of flame-retardant expansion core material 4 inside the protective shell 3 and enhancing the flame-retardant effect of the flame-retardant assembly 3.

[0056] In a preferred embodiment, an installation groove is provided on the inner side of the protective shell 3, and the flame-retardant expanding core material 4 is disposed in the installation groove. Specifically, the installation groove is annular, with its central axis coinciding with the central axis of the protective shell 3, and the opening of the installation groove located on the inner wall of the protective shell 3. With this arrangement, after the flame-retardant expanding core material 4 expands upon exposure to fire, it can only expand inwards towards the protective shell 3 under the constraint of the installation groove, thereby quickly sealing the leakage point.

[0057] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the flame-retardant intumescent core material 4 comprises low-density polyethylene, lignin, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate, and a foaming agent.

[0058] Furthermore, the weight ratio of ammonium polyphosphate to melamine cyanurate in the flame-retardant intumescent core material 4 is 7:5 to 7:8. Preferably, the weight ratio of ammonium polyphosphate to melamine cyanurate in the flame-retardant intumescent core material 4 is 7:6.

[0059] The method for producing the flame-retardant intumescent core material 4 of the present invention is as follows: take low-density polyethylene, lignin, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate and foaming agent, melt and roll the low-density polyethylene at 140℃~150℃, then add the dried lignin, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate and foaming agent mixture, knead for 8~15 minutes, then hot press at 15MPa and 200℃ for 3~5 minutes, and cool and shape to obtain the product.

[0060] In a preferred embodiment, the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device further includes a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5 disposed on the outside of the flame arrestor 30. For example... Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5 is coated on the outside of the protective shell 3, that is, the hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5 is the outermost layer of the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device 100.

[0061] The hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5 is prepared by spraying hydrogen-sensitive color-changing material evenly onto the outer surface of the protective shell 3, which can realize rapid detection of hydrogen leakage at room temperature.

[0062] It should be noted that the hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5 is existing technology, and its specific components are not the key technical points of this invention, so they will not be described in detail here.

[0063] In a preferred embodiment, a thermocouple 8 is provided inside the flame-retardant expansion core material 4, and a hydrogen sensor 9 is provided on the inner side of the flame-retardant expansion core material 4.

[0064] like Figure 5 As shown, multiple thermocouples 8 are evenly arranged circumferentially inside the flame-retardant expansion core material 4, with the central axis of each thermocouple 8 parallel to the central axis of the pipe 7. Specifically, the thermocouples 8 are embedded inside the flame-retardant expansion core material 4 during the process of filling the inner side of the protective shell 3. After hydrogen leaks and produces an open flame, the part of the flame-retardant expansion core material 4 is the fastest to heat up. Therefore, with this arrangement of the present invention, temperature changes can be rapidly sensed after hydrogen leaks and produces an open flame.

[0065] Multiple hydrogen sensors 9 are evenly arranged circumferentially between the flame-retardant expandable core material 4 and the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2. That is, the outer side of the hydrogen sensor 9 is in contact with the flame-retardant expandable core material 4, and the inner side of the hydrogen sensor 9 is in contact with the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2.

[0066] The flame-retardant expanding core material 4 is soft in texture and has a flexible shape, thus it can be adapted to different shapes of thermocouples 8 and hydrogen sensors 9 depending on the specific situation. Furthermore, the flame-retardant expanding core material 4 can provide a certain degree of protection for the thermocouples 8 and hydrogen sensors 9.

[0067] This invention is applicable to newly built or in-service pipelines 7, and features uninterrupted operation, no flame exposure, and simplicity and speed. It provides a proper and effective solution for fracture control, flame arrest, and hydrogen leak detection in in-service pipelines 7 that do not require uninterrupted operation or pressure reduction.

[0068] Example 1:

[0069] According to a specific embodiment of the present invention, the method for setting up the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device 100 is as follows.

[0070] For the weak parts of the hydrogen pipeline 7 that have internal cracks or are at risk of cracking, a conductive anti-corrosion coating is uniformly prepared on the surface of the pipeline 7 to form a conductive anti-corrosion layer 1.

[0071] Then, the fiber cloth is cut to the required width, impregnated with epoxy resin, and wound onto the surface of pipe 7 in multiple layers. The included angle of each layer of fiber cloth is 15° to 45°, forming a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 that can effectively prevent the propagation of various cracks in the pipe, increasing the fracture resistance and crack propagation resistance of pipe 7. The reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 can absorb fracture energy to a certain extent when cracking occurs in pipe 7, preventing and delaying fracture and stopping fracture propagation.

[0072] Flame-retardant expanding core material 4 is filled inside the protective shell 3. The protective shell 3 filled with flame-retardant expanding core material 4 is then fitted onto the outer surface of the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2, and the protective shell 3 is then fixed with fixing bolts. Finally, a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing material is sprayed onto the outer surface of the protective shell 3 to form a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5, enabling rapid detection of hydrogen leaks.

[0073] With this design, the hydrogen pipeline 7 can be cracked, and the leak of the hydrogen pipeline 7 can be prevented from spontaneously combusting, thus preventing the formation and spread of combustion and explosion accidents. At the same time, it also has the function of rapid detection of hydrogen leaks, which plays an important role in ensuring the safe and stable operation of high-pressure hydrogen-contaminated equipment and pipelines.

[0074] Example 2:

[0075] This embodiment illustrates the prevention and flame arrest of a cracking accident in the high-pressure hydrogen pipeline 7.

[0076] In this embodiment, the hydrogen pipeline installation protection device 100 mainly includes an anti-static anti-corrosion layer 1, a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2, a protective shell 3, a flame-retardant expansion core material 4, and fixing bolts 6.

[0077] The hydrogen pipeline installation protection device 100 provided in this embodiment can be used for crack prevention and flame arrest of hydrogen pipeline 7.

[0078] For weak points in hydrogen pipeline 7 that have internal cracks or are at risk of cracking, a dense conductive anti-corrosion coating is first prepared on the surface to form conductive anti-corrosion layer 1.

[0079] Then, the reinforcing carbon fiber cloth is cut to the required width, impregnated with epoxy resin, and then wrapped around the surface of the pipe 7. Each layer of fiber cloth is wrapped at a certain angle to form a reinforcing fiber layer crack arrester 2 that can effectively prevent the propagation of various cracks in the pipe 7.

[0080] Then, a metal protective shell 3 is placed on the outer surface of the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2.

[0081] Then, flame-retardant expansion core material 4 is filled inside the metal protective shell 3.

[0082] Finally, the metal protective shell 3 is secured to the pipe 7 by fixing bolt 6.

[0083] Example 3:

[0084] This embodiment illustrates the prevention and flame arrest of high-pressure hydrogen pipeline cracking accidents.

[0085] In this embodiment, the hydrogen pipeline installation protection device 100 mainly includes an anti-static anti-corrosion layer 1, a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2, a protective shell 3, a flame-retardant expansion core material 4, and fixing bolts 6.

[0086] Based on the specific conditions of pipeline 7, for weak parts of hydrogen pipeline 7 that have internal cracks or are at risk of cracking, a dense conductive anti-corrosion coating is first prepared on the surface to form conductive anti-corrosion layer 1. The conductive anti-corrosion layer 1 covers the weak parts and extends to both sides of the weak parts axially.

[0087] Cut the reinforcing carbon fiber cloth to the required width, impregnate it with epoxy resin, and then wrap it around the axial surfaces of the weak points of the pipe 7. Each layer of fiber cloth is wrapped at a certain angle, forming a reinforcing fiber layer crack arrester 2 that can effectively prevent the propagation of various cracks in the pipe 7. In other words, two reinforcing fiber layer crack arresters 2 are respectively set on both sides of the weak points of the pipe 7.

[0088] Then, a fire-resistant metal protective shell 3 is installed at the weak point of the pipe 7, and two reinforced fiber layer crack arresters 2 are located on both sides of the protective shell 3 along the axis.

[0089] Then, flame-retardant expanding core material 4 is filled inside the metal protective shell 3.

[0090] Finally, the metal protective shell 3 is secured to the pipe 7 by fixing bolt 6.

[0091] Example 4:

[0092] This example illustrates the prevention of high-pressure hydrogen pipeline rupture accidents.

[0093] In this embodiment, according to the specific conditions of the pipe 7, the reinforcing carbon fiber cloth is cut to the required width, impregnated with epoxy resin, and then wound around the surface of the pipe 7. Each layer of fiber cloth is wound at a certain angle, forming a reinforcing fiber layer crack arrester 2 that can effectively prevent the propagation of various cracks in the pipe 7. Multiple reinforcing fiber layer crack arresters 2 are arranged at certain intervals at weak points in the pipe 7.

[0094] This device can be used to stop cracks in hydrogen pipeline 7. For weak points in hydrogen pipeline 7 that have internal cracks or are at risk of cracking, a dense conductive and anti-corrosion coating is first prepared on the surface of pipeline 7 to form a conductive and anti-corrosion layer 1. Then, at certain intervals, reinforcing carbon fiber cloth is cut to the required width, impregnated with epoxy resin, and wound around the surface of the pipeline. Each layer of fiber cloth is wound at a certain angle, forming multiple reinforcing fiber layer crack arresters 2 that can effectively prevent the propagation of various types of cracks in pipeline 7.

[0095] Example 5:

[0096] This example illustrates the rapid detection of high-pressure hydrogen pipeline leaks.

[0097] This device can quickly detect leaks in hydrogen pipelines.

[0098] In this embodiment, the hydrogen pipeline installation protection device 100 mainly includes an anti-static anti-corrosion layer 1, a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2, a protective shell 3, a flame-retardant expansion core material 4, fixing bolts 6, and a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5.

[0099] For the weak parts of the hydrogen pipeline 7 that have internal cracks or are at risk of cracking, a conductive anti-corrosion coating is uniformly prepared on the surface of the pipeline 7 to form a conductive anti-corrosion layer 1.

[0100] Then, the fiber cloth is cut to the required width, impregnated with epoxy resin, and wound onto the surface of pipe 7 in multiple layers. The included angle of each layer of fiber cloth is 15° to 45°, forming a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 that can effectively prevent the propagation of various cracks in the pipe, increasing the fracture resistance and crack propagation resistance of pipe 7. The reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 can absorb fracture energy to a certain extent when cracking occurs in pipe 7, preventing and delaying fracture and stopping fracture propagation.

[0101] The inner side of the protective shell 3 is filled with flame-retardant expansion core material 4. The protective shell 3 filled with flame-retardant expansion core material 4 is then fitted onto the outer surface of the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2, and the protective shell 3 is then fixed with fixing bolts.

[0102] Finally, a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing material is sprayed onto the outer surface of the protective shell 3 to form a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5, enabling rapid detection of hydrogen leaks.

[0103] In this embodiment, when a hydrogen leak occurs at the location of the device, the hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5 on the outer surface of the device's metal protective shell 3 will respond rapidly within 1 second, changing color from white to blue. This can be used to detect hydrogen leaks in weak points of the hydrogen pipeline. It can detect and alert even in the event of a minute hydrogen leak, and timely intervention can prevent accidents.

[0104] This device can also be used alone with the hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5 for rapid detection of hydrogen pipeline leaks. The hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5 can be prepared by spraying directly onto the pipeline surface.

[0105] Example 6:

[0106] This embodiment illustrates the fire-retardant effect of a metal protective shell 3, which is filled with flame-retardant expanding core material 4, on spontaneous combustion of a leaking hydrogen pipeline 7 without using the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2.

[0107] This device can be used alone with the metal protective shell 3 to prevent spontaneous combustion of hydrogen pipeline leaks. The metal protective shell 3 is filled with a flame-retardant expanding core material 4, and the inner side of the flame-retardant expanding core material 4 is in contact with the pipeline 7.

[0108] In this embodiment, the installation method of the metal protective shell 3 is the same as in the above embodiment. Without installing the reinforcing fiber tape crack arrester 2, the metal protective shell 3, which is filled with flame-retardant expansion core material 4, can be used alone to prevent the jet fire caused by leakage from the welds and other weak points of the hydrogen pipeline 7, thereby preventing the flame from burning, reducing the flame length, and preventing the jet fire from injuring personnel and equipment.

[0109] Example 7:

[0110] This embodiment illustrates the flame-retardant effect of a flame-retardant metal sleeve on the spontaneous combustion of a leaking hydrogen pipeline 7, without using the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2.

[0111] This invention allows for the use of a flame-retardant metal sleeve alone to prevent spontaneous combustion of leaked hydrogen pipeline 7. The flame-retardant metal sleeve is made of materials such as foamed metal or sintered metal, which can inherently resist the jet flame generated by spontaneous combustion of leaked gas through the cold wall effect and vessel wall effect.

[0112] In this embodiment, the shape of the flame-retardant metal sleeve is similar to that of the protective shell 3 in the above embodiment. The difference is that the flame-retardant metal sleeve does not have an installation groove for filling the flame-retardant expansion core material 4.

[0113] Without installing the reinforced fiber tape crack arrester 2, the flame arrestor metal sleeve can be used alone to stop the jet fire caused by leaks in the welds and other weak points of the hydrogen pipeline 7, thereby preventing the flame from burning, reducing the flame length, and preventing jet fire from injuring personnel and equipment.

[0114] Example 8:

[0115] This embodiment illustrates the flame arrest and online monitoring alarm for high-pressure hydrogen pipeline leaks.

[0116] In this embodiment, the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device 100 comprises an electrostatic conductive anti-corrosion layer 1, a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2, a protective shell 3, a flame-retardant expansion core material 4, fixing bolts 6, a thermocouple 8, and a hydrogen sensor 9.

[0117] This device can be used for flame arrest and online monitoring and alarm in hydrogen pipeline leak accidents. For weak points in hydrogen pipelines with internal cracks or at risk of further cracking, a dense conductive and anti-corrosion coating is first prepared on the surface. Then, reinforcing carbon fiber cloth is cut to the required width, impregnated with epoxy resin, and wound around the pipeline surface. Each layer of fiber cloth is wound at a certain angle, forming a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 that can effectively prevent the propagation of various types of cracks in the pipeline. The outer surface of the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 is covered with a metal protective shell 3, and the inside of the metal protective shell 3 is filled with flame-retardant expanding core material 4. The upper and lower parts of the metal protective shell 3 are fastened with fixing bolts 6.

[0118] Thermocouples 8 are evenly distributed inside the flame-retardant expansion core material 4, and hydrogen sensors 9 are evenly distributed on the outer surface of the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 at the contact points with the flame-retardant expansion core material 4. Thermocouples 8 are used to determine whether hydrogen spontaneous combustion has occurred, and can monitor and alarm the temperature inside the metal protective shell 3 in real time. Hydrogen sensors 9 are used to determine whether hydrogen leakage has occurred, and can monitor and alarm the hydrogen concentration on the surface of the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 in real time. An external signal processor is required to analyze the signal acquisition results from the thermocouples 8 and hydrogen sensors 9.

[0119] In this embodiment, the specific installation process of the hydrogen pipeline safety protection device 100 is as follows.

[0120] For the weak parts of the hydrogen pipeline 7 that have internal cracks or are at risk of cracking, a conductive anti-corrosion coating is uniformly prepared on the surface of the pipeline 7 to form a conductive anti-corrosion layer 1.

[0121] Then, the fiber cloth is cut to the required width, impregnated with epoxy resin, and wound onto the surface of pipe 7 in multiple layers. The included angle of each layer of fiber cloth is 15° to 45°, forming a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 that can effectively prevent the propagation of various cracks in the pipe, increasing the fracture resistance and crack propagation resistance of pipe 7. The reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 can absorb fracture energy to a certain extent when cracking occurs in pipe 7, preventing and delaying fracture and stopping fracture propagation.

[0122] Flame-retardant expansion core material 4 is filled inside the protective shell 3. At the same time, thermocouple 8 is filled inside the flame-retardant expansion core material 4, and hydrogen sensor 9 is placed on the inner side of the flame-retardant expansion core material 4.

[0123] The thermocouple 8 and the hydrogen sensor 9 are electrically connected to an external signal processor.

[0124] The protective shell 3, filled with flame-retardant expanding core material 4, is fitted onto the outer surface of the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2, and then the protective shell 3 is fixed with fixing bolts. Finally, a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing material is sprayed onto the outer surface of the protective shell 3 to form a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5, enabling rapid detection of hydrogen leaks.

[0125] The signal processor analyzes the signal acquisition results from thermocouple 8 and hydrogen sensor 9 to determine the following accident states of the hydrogen pipeline:

[0126] The hydrogen sensor 9 signal is normal, the thermocouple 8 signal is normal, and it is determined that no accident has occurred.

[0127] Hydrogen sensor 9 alarmed, thermocouple 8 signal was normal, indicating a leak but no spontaneous combustion;

[0128] Hydrogen sensor 9 alarmed, thermocouple 8 alarmed, indicating a leak and spontaneous combustion.

[0129] Example 9:

[0130] This embodiment illustrates the in-service repair of hydrogen pipeline 7.

[0131] The invention can be used for in-service repair of hydrogen pipeline 7, and has the characteristics of not stopping the supply, not reducing the pressure, not using fire, and being simple and quick.

[0132] For weak points in pipe 7 that require localized reinforcement (such as corrosion pits or mechanical damage locations), cleaning is necessary first to remove corrosion products and other contaminants. Defects should then be filled using a leveling material, such as epoxy mortar. Figure 6 As shown.

[0133] After the filler material dries, an electrostatic conductive and anti-corrosion coating is applied to the pipe surface. Then, reinforcing carbon fiber cloth is cut to the required width, impregnated with epoxy resin, and wound onto the pipe surface. Each layer of fiber cloth is wound at a certain angle to improve the pipe's ability to withstand bending, compression, tension, and torsional loads. A metal shell is fitted over the reinforcing fiber layer to prevent damage to the reinforcing carbon fiber layer and the pipe itself from the external environment.

[0134] Specifically, for the parts of the hydrogen pipeline 7 that are corroded or mechanically damaged into pits, the dirt on the outside of the pipeline 7 is first cleaned with a brush or other tools to remove corrosion products or other contaminants.

[0135] Then, epoxy mortar was used to fill the pit.

[0136] After the epoxy mortar dries and solidifies, a conductive anti-corrosion coating is uniformly prepared on the surface of pipe 7 to form conductive anti-corrosion layer 1.

[0137] Then, the fiber cloth is cut to the required width, impregnated with epoxy resin, and wound onto the surface of pipe 7 in multiple layers. The included angle of each layer of fiber cloth is 15° to 45°, forming a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 that can effectively prevent the propagation of various cracks in the pipe, increasing the fracture resistance and crack propagation resistance of pipe 7. The reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2 can absorb fracture energy to a certain extent when cracking occurs in pipe 7, preventing and delaying fracture and stopping fracture propagation.

[0138] Flame-retardant expanding core material 4 is filled inside the protective shell 3. The protective shell 3 filled with flame-retardant expanding core material 4 is then fitted onto the outer surface of the reinforced fiber layer crack arrester 2, and the protective shell 3 is then fixed with fixing bolts. Finally, a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing material is sprayed onto the outer surface of the protective shell 3 to form a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating 5, enabling rapid detection of hydrogen leaks.

[0139] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0140] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," "linking," and "fixing," etc., should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0141] In the description of this specification, references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples.

[0142] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not constitute any limitation on the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A safety protection device for hydrogen pipelines, characterized in that, It includes a static-dissipating anti-corrosion layer (1) disposed on the outside of the pipe (7), a fire-arresting component (30) disposed on the outside of the static-dissipating anti-corrosion layer (1), and a reinforced fiber layer crack arrester (2) disposed between the static-dissipating anti-corrosion layer (1) and the fire-arresting component (30). The conductive and anti-corrosion layer (1) comprises epoxy resin, water-based amine adduct, conductive mica powder, corrosion-resistant pigments and fillers, and modified amine curing agent. The flame-arresting component (30) is configured to prevent the spread of flame. The flame-arresting component (30) includes a flame-arresting metal sleeve, a protective shell (3), and a flame-retardant expanding core material (4). The flame-arresting metal sleeve is configured to prevent the spread of flame through the cold wall effect or the vessel wall effect. The flame-retardant expanding core material (4) is disposed on the inner side of the protective shell (3). The flame-retardant expanding core material (4) is configured to expand upon contact with fire. The flame-retardant intumescent core material (4) includes low-density polyethylene, lignin, ammonium polyphosphate, melamine cyanurate and foaming agent, and the weight ratio of ammonium polyphosphate to melamine cyanurate in the flame-retardant intumescent core material (4) is 7:5 to 7:

8.

2. The hydrogen pipeline safety protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, An installation groove is provided on the inner side of the protective shell (3), and the flame-retardant expansion core material (4) is disposed in the installation groove.

3. The hydrogen pipeline safety protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforced fiber layer crack arrester (2) includes multiple layers of fiber cloth, which is made of reinforced carbon fiber material.

4. The hydrogen pipeline safety protection device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The included angle between the winding directions of two adjacent layers of the fiber cloth is in the range of 15° to 45°.

5. The hydrogen pipeline safety protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reinforced fiber layer crack arresters (2) are distributed axially at intervals along the pipe (7).

6. The hydrogen pipeline safety protection device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The hydrogen pipeline safety protection device also includes a hydrogen-sensitive color-changing coating (5) disposed on the outside of the flame arrestor (30).

7. The hydrogen pipeline safety protection device according to claim 1, characterized in that, A thermocouple (8) is provided inside the flame-retardant expansion core material (4), and a hydrogen sensor (9) is provided on the inner side of the flame-retardant expansion core material (4).

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