Simulation monitoring system and method for collapse column fracture zone water inrush evolution process

Abstract

The invention discloses a collapse column fracture zone water inrush evolution process simulation monitoring system and method. According to the method, the on-site engineering environment is restored through an analog simulation test means, an analog simulation material and a stress water pressure loading system, elastic waves are released in the rock mass fracture process, and the resistivity of the whole area is obviously reduced due to the existence of water; the heat release material and the color marker have the phenomena of temperature rise and color substance diffusion when encountering water, the four monitoring modes have extremely high sensitivity and visualization, and the sound-electricity-heat-color characteristic evolution rule in the fracture and water guide process of the rock mass is restored. Compared with a traditional monitoring means, the method has higher reliability, and efficient and safe mining of deep coal resources threatened by collapse column water is promoted.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the specific field of mine safety monitoring, and specifically relates to a method for accurately monitoring the evolution process of water inrush in a collapse column crushing zone. Background Art

[0002] In deep mines threatened by water inrush from collapse columns, water inrush is concealed, delayed, and highly disastrous, making it more difficult to accurately predict its characteristics. The water inrush channel inside the collapse column crushing zone is not generated instantaneously, but is a gradual gestation process. Grasping the key critical points of the disaster and taking effective control measures can effectively prevent water disasters.

[0003] At present, the prevention and control of water inrush accidents in coal mines is more inclined to the detection of hidden dangers before mining. In view of the lack of effective detection methods for the dynamically developed water conduction channels during the mining process, online monitoring of the position of cracks and water during the gradual disaster of collapse column activation can be carried out to realize the intelligent and visualized prediction and prevention of water inrush disasters in mines.

[0004] In order to liberate a large number of coal resources threatened by collapse column water inrush, it is necessary to start from the on-site hydrogeological conditions and adopt effective monitoring methods to effectively carry out geological exploration and disaster prediction before the working face is mined. However, the hydrogeological conditions at the deep coal seam mining site are complex, the monitoring scheme is difficult to construct, the cost is high, and the risk factor is high, making it difficult to carry out systematic on-site monitoring and perception research on the evolution process of collapse column water inrush. Indoor experiments can simulate the on-site in-situ conditions to a certain extent based on the actual engineering background and the principle of similarity ratio, and have become an effective research method for studying underground engineering dynamic disasters such as mine rock burst and water inrush. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the defects or shortcomings of the prior art, the present invention provides a simulation monitoring system for the evolution process of water inrush in the crushing zone of a collapse column.

[0006] To this end, the present invention provides a simulation monitoring system for the evolution process of water inrush in a collapse column and a broken zone, which includes a simulation device and a monitoring system;

[0007] The simulation device comprises a transparent test box, wherein an aquifer is laid at the bottom of the transparent test box, a bottom plate and a collapse column crushing zone are laid above the aquifer, and the collapse column crushing zone is buried in the bottom plate; a coal seam is laid above the bottom plate, and a top plate is laid above the coal seam; the simulation material of the collapse column crushing zone is mixed with a color marker and a material that releases heat when in contact with water;

[0008] The monitoring system includes an acoustic emission monitoring system, a parallel electrical method online monitoring system, and an infrared thermal imaging monitoring system;

[0009] The acoustic emission sensors of the acoustic emission system are arranged inside the collapse column crushing zone; the acoustic emission monitoring system is used to collect spatial information of acoustic emission events inside the collapse column crushing zone during mining.

[0010] The location and energy of the fracture can be tracked and located based on the collected data, including the spatial location of the fracture damage and the evolution of the fracture expansion;

[0011] The parallel electrical method online monitoring system has multiple monitoring electrodes arranged at the interface between the floor and the coal seam; the parallel electrical method online monitoring system is used to collect the interface between the floor and the coal seam and below during mining.

[0012] The resistivity values ​​of multiple monitoring points in the area, and the activation stage, water conduction stage and water inrush stage of each monitoring point are determined according to the resistivity values;

[0013] The infrared thermal imaging monitoring system is arranged in the simulation device; the infrared thermal imaging monitoring system is used

[0014] It is used to measure the temperature changes in the fracture zone of the collapse column and generate thermal images. The water richness of the area and the location of the water burst channel are determined based on the thermal images.

[0015] An optional solution is that the color marker is selected from colored ink.

[0016] An optional solution is that the material that releases heat when in contact with water is calcium oxide.

[0017] The present invention also provides a method for simulating and monitoring the evolution process of water inrush in a collapse column fracture zone. The method uses the above system to simulate and monitor the monitored area. The method includes:

[0018] (1) Determine the simulated size of the corresponding structural parts in the simulation device according to the actual size of the aquifer, floor, collapse column fracture zone, coal seam and roof of the collapse column fracture zone to be monitored, wherein the ratio of the actual size to the simulated size of each structural part is (90-110):1;

[0019] Determine the simulation materials of the corresponding structural parts in the simulation device according to the actual geological materials of the aquifer, floor, collapse column fracture zone, coal seam and roof of the collapse column fracture zone to be monitored;

[0020] (2) constructing the simulation system of claim 1 according to the simulation size and simulation material determined in step 1;

[0021] (3) Carry out artificial simulated mining in the coal seam of the simulation device; the following monitoring is carried out during the mining process:

[0022] When the maximum acoustic emission energy monitored W < 30% W lWhen it is the case, it is considered that there is minor damage in the broken zone of the collapse column, and the broken zone of the collapse column is in the gestation process of crack initiation; when 30%W l <W < 50%W l When it is the case, it is considered that there is medium damage in the broken zone of the collapse column, and cracks begin to initiate and tend to expand; when 50%W l ≤W ≤ 70%W l When it is the case, it is considered that there is relatively large damage in the broken zone of the collapse column, and high-confined water ascends in the cracks; when 70%W l <W < 100%W l When it is the case, it is considered that there is large-scale damage in the broken zone of the collapse column, multiple cracks are connected and evolved into a water inrush channel, and a water inrush accident occurs; where W l is the critical acoustic emission energy threshold for the rock mass to undergo instability failure;

[0023] During the mining process, according to the distribution quantity and energy magnitude of acoustic emission events within the unit volume range, the area with severe damage in the broken zone of the collapse column is delineated;

[0024] Determining the activation stage, water-conducting stage and water-inrush stage of each monitoring site according to the resistivity value includes: when the resistivity of a certain monitoring site, when 50%Dc < D < Dc, it is considered that there is water seepage in this monitoring site and it is in the activation stage; when 30%Dc ≤ D ≤ 50%Dc, it is considered that there is water ascending in this monitoring site and it is in the water-conducting stage; when D < 30%Dc, it is considered that the rock mass has a large water-rich degree and a water inrush accident occurs, and it is in the water-inrush stage; Dc is the initial resistivity of the corresponding monitoring site;

[0025] Determining the regional water-rich degree and the location of the water-inrush channel according to the thermal image includes: when the temperature T of a certain site in the thermal image < 150%Tc, it is considered that there is water seepage at this site; when 150%Tc ≤ T ≤ 200%Tc, it is considered that there is water ascending at this site; when T > 200%Tc, it is considered that the water-rich degree of this site is large and a water inrush accident occurs; Tc is the initial temperature of the corresponding site;

[0026] The location of the water-inrush channel is traced by observing the diffusion of colored ink in the broken zone of the collapse column.

[0027] An optional solution is that when artificially simulating mining, to reduce the boundary effect, mining is carried out at a depth of 20 cm in the coal seam, and the mining is carried out by artificial drilling. Each time, 3 - 4 cm is mined, and the time interval is 25 - 35 minutes. For example, when mining by artificial drilling, 5 cm is mined each time, and the time interval is 30 minutes.

[0028] The present invention restores the on-site engineering environment by means of similar simulation tests, similar simulation materials, and stress water pressure loading systems. Elastic waves will be released during rock rupture, and the presence of water will significantly reduce the resistivity of the overall area. When exothermic materials and color markers meet water, the temperature rises and the color diffuses. These four monitoring methods have extremely high sensitivity and visualization, and restore the evolution law of sound-electricity-heat-color characteristics during rock rupture and water conduction.

[0029] The monitoring method of the present invention makes comprehensive use of the mechanical and physical properties of rock mass, with a high degree of monitoring and early warning. The present invention also uses infrared thermal imaging detection technology and color tracing technology as auxiliary monitoring means to verify each other and determine the danger of water inrush at a certain working face. Compared with traditional monitoring methods, it has higher reliability and promotes efficient and safe mining of deep coal resources threatened by subsidence water.

[0030] In view of the advantages and authenticity of indoor experiments, the present invention conducts similar simulation experiments and uses acoustic emission monitoring technology, parallel electrical monitoring technology, infrared detection technology and color tracing technology to reveal the spatiotemporal evolution process and characteristic parameter laws of water inrush from subsidence columns during working face advancement. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the layout of the simulation device and monitoring electrodes and sensors of the present invention; marked in the figure are: 1-roof; 2-coal seam; 3-parallel electrical monitoring electrode; 4-bottom plate; 5-collapse column fracture zone; 6-aquifer; 7-acoustic emission sensor; 8-parallel electrical monitoring range. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] Unless otherwise specified, the scientific and technical terms used herein are understood according to the knowledge of ordinary technicians in the relevant fields.

[0033] The critical acoustic emission energy threshold W for rock mass instability failure in the present invention l The value of is determined according to the maximum acoustic emission energy value of the simulated material in the specific simulation device, so as to determine the evolution process of the incubation-initiation-extension-maturation of the cracks in the simulation device according to the acoustic emission energy value. Different zones simulate geological conditions, different original rock strengths, and corresponding simulated material strengths, so the threshold W l The value of is different.

[0034] In the specific plan, the simulation materials of each geological layer are selected according to the particle size, density, stress, composition, permeability, uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, porosity, etc. of the corresponding geological layer materials in the actual mining area; in principle, the closer the above properties of the simulation material are to the simulated material, the better. According to the existing research results on similarity theory, the density similarity ratio is 1:1.5, and the elastic modulus, stress and uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength similarity ratio is 1:150. For example, the bottom plate, aquifer, and coal seam involve fluid-solid coupling problems, and the fluid-solid coupling material prepared by sand, paraffin, hydraulic oil, calcium carbonate and vaseline is selected, which will not disintegrate when exposed to water; the roof does not involve fluid-solid coupling problems, and the hydrophilic material prepared by sand, calcium carbonate and gypsum is selected; the collapse column uses a material prepared by sand and clay particles.

[0035] The present invention is further explained below with reference to the embodiments.

[0036] Example:

[0037] First, the hydrogeological conditions of the coal mining face to be simulated in this embodiment must be finely explored to find out the location and basic characteristics of the collapse column, including the collapse column morphology, internal filling characteristics, etc. The collapse column fracture zone, coal seam, roof and floor samples are sampled for source combination and particle size characteristic analysis to master the basic mechanical parameters of the rock, including density, permeability, uniaxial compressive strength, uniaxial tensile strength, porosity, etc., to provide an on-site basis for the selection of similar simulation materials.

[0038] According to the effective size of the similar simulation test system and the relative spatial position of the collapse column and the aquifer, the geometric similarity ratio of each structural part of the simulation system of this embodiment is determined, and the material composition and proportion of each lithological component of the similar simulation material are determined according to a certain bulk density ratio, stress ratio and permeability coefficient similarity ratio. Exothermic materials calcium oxide and red ink are added to the similar materials in the collapse column fracture zone, and finally a similar simulation test model of the spatiotemporal evolution process of water inrush in the collapse column fracture zone is laid.

[0039] In this embodiment, the thickness of the coal seam in a coal mining face in the actual monitored area is 4.25 meters, the burial depth is 840 meters, the thickness of the impermeable layer between the collapse column coal seam and the aquifer is 20.75 meters, the thickness of the aquifer is 18.89 meters, and the bottom plate has a semi-elliptical collapse column with a major axis of 18.56 meters and a minor axis of 8.45 meters. According to the effective size of the test bench and the actual mining size, the similarity ratio is selected as 1:100, that is, 80 meters of actual strata including collapse columns, aquifers, coal seams, top and bottom plates are selected and laid on an 80-centimeter test bench.

[0040] Build a monitoring simulation system based on the above analysis data:

[0041] For the structure of the specific monitoring simulation system, see Figure 1As shown, an aquifer 6 is laid at the bottom of a transparent test box, and then a bottom plate 4 and a collapse column crushing zone 5 are laid above the aquifer, and the crushing zone is buried in the bottom plate; then a coal seam 2 is laid above the bottom plate, and a top plate 1 is laid above the coal seam 2; the filling material of the crushing zone 5 is mixed with a color marker and an exothermic material, the color marker is selected from color ink, and the exothermic material is selected from calcium oxide. Calcium oxide releases a large amount of heat when it comes into contact with water, which can be captured and detected by infrared thermal imaging technology.

[0042] The size of the transparent test box in this embodiment is 1200mm×400mm×800mm (length×width×height). The geometric similarity ratio is determined according to the spatial positions of the collapse columns, coal seams, and aquifers in the actual strata. Geometric similarity means that the spatial dimensions corresponding to the model and the prototype are in a certain proportion, and part of the strata is selected to lay similar simulation materials.

[0043] The geographical size of the aquifer in the actual mining area of ​​this embodiment is 18.89 meters, and the size of the aquifer in the simulation system is 18.89 centimeters; the geographical size of the floor plate in the actual mining area is 20.75 meters, and the size of the aquifer in the simulation system is 20.75 centimeters; the subsidence column in the actual mining area is semi-elliptical, with a major axis of 18.56 meters and a minor axis of 8.45 meters, and the subsidence column in the simulation system is elliptical, with a major axis of 18.56 centimeters and a minor axis of 8.45 centimeters; the geographical size of the coal seam in the actual mining area is 4.25 meters, and the size of the coal seam in the simulation system is 4.25 centimeters; the geographical size of the roof in the actual mining area is 835.75 meters, and only 36.11 meters of the roof is simulated here, and the remaining roof load is replaced by equivalent load loading, and the size of the roof in the simulation system is 36.11 centimeters; the simulation materials of each geological layer in this embodiment are shown in Table 1.

[0044] Table 1

[0045]

[0046] During the system construction process, according to the solution of the present invention, see Figure 1 As shown, each monitoring system is arranged in the simulation system. In this embodiment, the parallel electrical method monitoring range 8 is an inverted triangle. In the actual scheme, the parallel electrical method monitoring range of each simulation device is based on the distance between the initial electrode and the final electrode, and the appropriate depth coefficient is selected according to the detection needs. The parallel electrical method online monitoring system of this embodiment adopts the Wenner three-level monitoring principle, which can collect the apparent resistivity changes in the three stages of activation, water conduction and water inrush in the collapse column fracture zone; the simulation device of this embodiment has a total of 16 electrodes arranged, and the distance between the left and right electrodes is about 5 cm.

[0047] The acoustic emission monitoring system of this embodiment adopts the PCI-2 acoustic emission system, produced by the American Physical Acoustics Company, which is used to collect the spatial position and energy size of the acoustic emission event, and can track and locate the spatial position of the rock formation damage to realize the real-time online monitoring of the crack expansion evolution process, use 6 channels to realize the high-speed acquisition of acoustic emission signals, track and monitor the sound wave propagation process, accurately locate the expansion path of the crack sample, and perform data processing and real-time analysis. A total of 3 acoustic emission sensors are arranged in the crushing zone of the collapse column of this embodiment, and the upper and lower adjacent spacing of each acoustic emission sensor is about 7.5 cm.

[0048] The infrared thermal imaging monitoring system is arranged on the side of the transparent test box. It is used to measure the heat changes in the water-heated area in the crushing zone of the collapse column, and convert the measurement results into thermal images and temperature values ​​through processing.

[0049] After the system was laid out, artificial simulated mining began. During the mining process, artificial drilling was simulated, with each drilling distance of 5 cm. The stress in the fracture zone of the collapse column changed periodically, prompting the continuous development of the water inrush channel inside the collapse column.

[0050] In the initial stage, when the mining stress is greater than the maximum strength of the rock mass inside the collapse column fracture zone, the rock mass undergoes plastic failure and cracks initiate, entering the seepage stage. At this time, the acoustic emission signal sensor collects the acoustic emission event signal, and judges and senses the crack initiation position based on the spatial position of the signal event and the corresponding energy size, which can effectively determine the damage position and state in the collapse column fracture zone. Focus on marking the places where the acoustic emission time is concentrated, especially the key areas where the collapse column slips, to lay the foundation for the next step of monitoring the crack penetration.

[0051] As the coal mining face advances, the loss of filling particles in the broken zone of the collapse column and high stress lead to the activation of the collapse column, which intensifies the generation and penetration of cracks. At this time, the acoustic emission signal intensifies and slowly moves closer to produce an accumulation effect, and the low-resistance resistivity area gradually appears. The trend of crack penetration can be judged according to the evolution trend of the acoustic emission signal and the location where the temperature rises significantly, and the location and number of water-conducting channels can be judged. The dominant water inrush path can be determined according to the relatively large concentration of acoustic emission events, the area where the resistivity decreases significantly, and the area where the temperature increases significantly. At the same time, plexiglass is used in front of the similar simulation test model to constrain the boundary, so the expansion, penetration trend and development degree of the crack can be intuitively seen.

[0052] As the coal mining face continues to advance, after the cracks are connected, under the action of super-strong mining pressure, the permeability of the rock mass around the cracks increases sharply, the surrounding rock fragments and collapse column fillings migrate, and the water inrush channel tends to mature. At this time, the resistivity of the area where the water inrush channel is located decreases, and the final scale and location of the water inrush channel can be determined, providing technical support for the next step of precise grouting to determine the prevention and control plan.

[0053] During the mining process, shear and tensile failures occur in the surrounding rock of the collapse column. The acoustic emission data processing system can obtain the location and energy magnitude of acoustic emission through the analysis results. According to the energy magnitude of acoustic emission, the damage degree of the rock mass is classified. The maximum acoustic emission energy value monitored in the broken zone of the collapse column during the simulation process, which is W in this embodiment l Take 10 2 J. When the resistivity of a certain monitoring site, when 50% Dc < D < Dc, it is considered that there is water seepage in this monitoring site and it is in the activation stage; when 30% Dc ≤ D ≤ 50% Dc, it is considered that there is water conduction rise in this monitoring site and it is in the water conduction stage; when D < 30% Dc, it is considered that the water-rich degree of the rock mass is large and a water inrush accident occurs, and it is in the water inrush stage; Dc is the initial resistivity of the corresponding monitoring site;

[0054] Heat release materials are evenly arranged in the broken zone of the collapse column. The area with temperature rise after encountering water is captured by infrared thermal imaging technology. According to the temperature magnitude, the water-rich degree of the area and the location of the water inrush channel are determined. When the temperature T of a certain site in the thermal image < 150% Tc, it is considered that there is water seepage at this site; when 150% Tc ≤ T ≤ 200% Tc, it is considered that there is water conduction rise at this site; when T > 200% Tc, it is considered that the water-rich degree of this site is large and a water inrush accident occurs; Tc is the initial temperature of the corresponding site;

[0055] According to the water inrush characteristics, the evolution position of the water inrush channel is determined. Red ink is evenly stirred in the broken zone of the collapse column. After encountering water, there is an obvious red diffusion phenomenon. The location of the water inrush channel marked by the tracer technique can be directly observed through the transparent plexiglass arranged in front of the model. This technique takes advantage of the equipment visualization of the similar simulation test system and provides verification for the first three monitoring methods at the same time.

[0056] Export, interpret and output the data monitored by the acoustic emission monitoring system and the parallel electrical method on-line monitoring system, which can intuitively reflect the spatio-temporal evolution law of the fracture development area and the water-rich area. According to the location and degree of acoustic emission and the change range of resistivity, the intelligent identification of the spatio-temporal evolution process of water inrush in the broken zone of the collapse column is realized. Taking the water-richness of the collapse column and the acoustic emission energy magnitude as the key indicators, the water inrush in the broken zone of the collapse column is divided into three catastrophic evolution stages: "activation of the collapse column, seepage and conduction rise, and through conduction of water".

[0057] When the disaster develops to the first stage, when the coal mining face monitors the accumulation of acoustic emission events inside the collapse column, grouting reinforcement can be adopted inside the collapse column to prevent the activation of the collapse column; when the disaster develops to the second stage, when the coal mining face monitors the accumulation of acoustic emission and the reduction of resistivity inside the broken zone of the collapse column, the seepage in some areas inside the collapse column is unstable, and grouting reinforcement of the broken zone can be adopted to prevent the further evolution of cracks in these areas; when the disaster develops to the third stage, when water is conducted through the collapse column zone and the dominant water conduction path is revealed, precise grouting can be adopted at the key positions of the dominant path to achieve the water hazard control of the collapse column, and a staged monitoring and prevention method of water inrush of collapse column is proposed.

Claims

1. A simulation monitoring system for the evolution process of water inrush in a collapse column and broken zone, characterized in that: The system includes a simulation device and a monitoring system; The simulation device includes a transparent experimental box. An aquifer (6) is laid at the bottom of the transparent experimental box. A floor slab (4) and a collapse column fracture zone (5) are laid above the aquifer, and the collapse column fracture zone is buried in the floor slab. A coal seam (2) is laid above the floor slab, and a roof (1) is laid above the coal seam. Color markers and water-releasing heat materials are mixed in the simulation material of the collapse column fracture zone; The monitoring system includes an acoustic emission monitoring system, a parallel electrical method on-line monitoring system, and an infrared thermal imaging monitoring system; A plurality of acoustic emission sensors (7) of the acoustic emission system are arranged inside the collapse column fracture zone. The acoustic emission monitoring system is used to collect the spatial position and energy magnitude of acoustic emission events inside the collapse column fracture zone during the mining process, and track and locate the spatial position of rock mass failure and the crack propagation and evolution process according to the collected data; A plurality of monitoring electrodes (3) of the parallel electrical method on-line monitoring system are arranged at the interface between the floor slab and the coal seam. The parallel electrical method on-line monitoring system is used to collect the resistivity values of a plurality of monitoring sites in the area at and below the interface between the floor slab and the coal seam during the mining process, and determine the activation stage, water-conducting stage, and water-inrush stage of each monitoring site according to the resistivity values; The infrared thermal imaging monitoring system is arranged on the simulation device. The infrared thermal imaging monitoring system is used to measure the temperature change in the collapse column fracture zone area, generate a thermal image, and determine the water-rich degree of the area and the position of the water-inrush channel according to the thermal image.

2. The system for simulating and monitoring the evolution of water inrush in the collapse column fracture zone according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The color marker is selected as colored ink.

3. The system for simulating and monitoring the evolution of water inrush in the collapse column and broken zone according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The water-releasing heat material is selected as calcium oxide.

4. A method for simulating and monitoring the evolution process of water inrush in a collapse column fracture zone, characterized in that: Using the system described in claim 1 to conduct simulation monitoring on the area to be monitored, the method includes: (1) Determine the simulation size of the corresponding structural parts in the simulation device according to the actual sizes of the aquifer, floor slab, collapse column fracture zone, coal seam, and roof of the collapse column fracture zone to be monitored, where the ratio of the actual size to the simulation size of each structural part is (90-110):1; Determine the simulation materials of the corresponding structural parts in the simulation device according to the actual geological materials of the aquifer, floor slab, collapse column fracture zone, coal seam, and roof of the collapse column fracture zone to be monitored; (2) Build the simulation system described in claim 1 according to the simulation size and simulation materials determined in step 1; (3) Conduct artificial simulation mining on the coal seam of the simulation device; the following monitoring is carried out during the mining process: When the maximum acoustic emission energy monitored W < 30% W l When 30% W l <W<50%W l When W is 50%, it is considered that the collapse column fracture zone is moderately damaged, and the cracks begin to crack and have a tendency to expand; l ≤W≤70%W l When W is 70%, it is believed that the collapse column fracture zone has suffered significant damage, and high-pressure water is guided up in the cracks; l <W<100%W l When the collapse column fracture zone was damaged on a large scale, multiple cracks were connected and evolved into water inrush channels, and water inrush accidents occurred; among them, W l It is the critical acoustic emission energy threshold for rock mass to fail. During the mining process, circle the area with serious damage to the collapse column fracture zone according to the distribution quantity and energy magnitude of acoustic emission events within the unit volume range; Determining the activation stage, water-conducting stage, and water-inrush stage of each monitoring site according to the resistivity value includes: when the resistivity of a certain monitoring site satisfies 50% Dc < D < Dc, it is considered that there is water seepage in this monitoring site and it is in the activation stage; when 30% Dc ≤ D ≤ 50% Dc, it is considered that there is water upward conduction in this monitoring site and it is in the water-conducting stage; when D < 30% Dc, it is considered that the rock mass is rich in water and a water-inrush accident occurs and it is in the water-inrush stage; Dc is the initial resistivity of the corresponding monitoring site; Determining the water-richness of the region and the location of the water inrush channel based on the thermal image includes: when the temperature T of a certain point in the thermal image is less than 150% Tc, it is considered that there is water seepage at the point; when 150% Tc≤T≤200% Tc, it is considered that there is water conduction at the point; when T>200% Tc, it is considered that the water-richness of the point is large and a water inrush accident has occurred; Tc is the initial temperature of the corresponding point; The location of the water inrush channel is traced by observing the diffusion of colored ink in the fracture zone of the collapse column.

5. The method for simulating and monitoring the evolution process of water inrush in the collapse column fracture zone according to claim 4 is characterized in that: During artificial simulated mining, in order to reduce the boundary effect, mining is carried out at 20 cm of the coal seam using manual drilling and chiseling, with 3-4 cm mined each time and a time interval of 25-35 minutes.

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