A method, system, electronic device and storage medium for measuring helicobacter pylori

Abstract

A method, system, electronic device and storage medium for measuring helicobacter pylori, relate to the field of helicobacter pylori measurement. In the method, the signal amplitude of each collection signal in the gas collection card is obtained, the signal amplitude is converted into an energy spectrum array to obtain a standard card energy spectrum array; the energy distribution interval of a preset element in the energy spectrum array is obtained according to the standard card energy spectrum array minus the background card array; the low threshold address and the high threshold address of the energy spectrum array are determined, and whether the gas collection card is contaminated is determined according to the first energy spectrum count greater than the high threshold address in the energy distribution interval; when the gas collection card is not contaminated, the content of the preset element is determined according to the second energy spectrum count between the low threshold address and the high threshold address in the energy distribution interval, and the measurement result of helicobacter pylori is determined according to the content. The technical scheme provided in the application effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of the measurement of helicobacter pylori.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the technical field of Helicobacter pylori measurement, specifically to a method, system, electronic device, and storage medium for measuring Helicobacter pylori. Background Technology

[0002] In recent years, with the advancement of medical technology, the detection methods for Helicobacter pylori have been significantly developed. These methods have not only improved the accuracy and reliability of detection but also greatly shortened the detection time, providing important support for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

[0003] Currently, commonly used methods for detecting Helicobacter pylori include breath tests, serological tests, fecal antigen tests, and endoscopy. While these methods meet clinical needs to some extent, they still have some limitations. For example, breath tests are significantly affected by patient diet and medication, easily producing false negative or false positive results; serological tests cannot distinguish between current and past infections; the sensitivity and specificity of fecal antigen tests need improvement; and while endoscopy is highly accurate, it is complex and expensive, making it unsuitable for large-scale screening.

[0004] Therefore, in practical applications, how to efficiently and accurately detect Helicobacter pylori remains an important issue. Summary of the Invention

[0005] This application provides a method, system, electronic device, and storage medium for measuring Helicobacter pylori, which can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of Helicobacter pylori measurement and reduce the false positive rate.

[0006] The first aspect of this application provides a method for measuring Helicobacter pylori, applied to a Helicobacter pylori measuring instrument, the method comprising:

[0007] The signal amplitude of each collected signal in the gas collecting card is obtained, and the signal amplitude is converted into an energy spectrum array to obtain the standard card energy spectrum array;

[0008] The energy distribution range of the preset element in the energy spectrum array is obtained by subtracting the background card array from the standard card energy spectrum array.

[0009] Determine the low threshold address and high threshold address of the energy spectrum array, and determine whether the gas collection card is contaminated based on the first energy spectrum count in the energy distribution interval that is greater than the high threshold address;

[0010] When the gas collection card is not contaminated, the content of the preset element is determined based on the second energy spectrum count between the low threshold address and the high threshold address in the energy distribution interval, and the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined based on the content.

[0011] Optionally, acquiring the signal amplitude of each collected signal from the gas collecting card and converting the signal amplitude into an energy spectrum array to obtain a standard card energy spectrum array includes:

[0012] The initial array interval is determined based on the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter, and each element in the initial array interval is initialized to zero.

[0013] The analog-to-digital converter acquires the signal amplitude of each collected signal in the gas collecting card, and uses the analog-to-digital converter value corresponding to each signal amplitude as the index of the energy spectrum array, and increments the array element value at the corresponding index position by one;

[0014] All collected signals are accumulated to form a standard calorimeter energy spectrum array.

[0015] Optionally, obtaining the energy distribution range of the preset element in the energy spectrum array by subtracting the background card array from the standard card energy spectrum array includes:

[0016] The target energy value is obtained by subtracting the first energy count of the target energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array from the second energy count of the target energy value in the background card array, wherein the target energy value is any energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array;

[0017] Identify all target energy values ​​whose target energy count is greater than a first threshold, and construct an energy distribution interval based on all the target energy values.

[0018] Optionally, determining the low-threshold and high-threshold addresses of the energy spectrum array includes:

[0019] The energy spectrum array of the energy distribution range is converted into logarithmic form to obtain a new energy spectrum array;

[0020] In the new energy spectrum array, the steepest rising edge and the steepest falling edge of the energy distribution are identified. The channel address corresponding to the starting point of the steepest rising edge is determined as the low threshold channel address, and the channel address corresponding to the ending point of the steepest falling edge is determined as the high threshold channel address.

[0021] Optionally, determining whether the gas collecting card is contaminated based on the first energy spectrum count greater than the high threshold address in the energy distribution range includes:

[0022] Determine whether the first energy spectrum count is greater than the second threshold;

[0023] When the first energy spectrum count is greater than the second threshold, it is determined that the gas collection card is contaminated;

[0024] When the first energy spectrum count is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is determined that the gas collection card is not contaminated.

[0025] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0026] When the gas collection card is contaminated, calculate the first difference between the first energy spectrum count and the second threshold.

[0027] Calculate the second difference between the second energy spectrum count and the first difference, determine the content of the preset element based on the second difference, and determine the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori based on the content.

[0028] Optionally, the determination of the Helicobacter pylori measurement result based on the content includes:

[0029] The content is compared with a third threshold;

[0030] If the content is less than the third threshold, the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined to be negative;

[0031] If the content is greater than or equal to the third threshold, the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined to be positive.

[0032] A second aspect of this application provides a measurement system for Helicobacter pylori, comprising a collection module, an interval module, a detection module, and a result module, wherein:

[0033] The acquisition module is configured to acquire the signal amplitude of each acquired signal in the gas collection card and convert the signal amplitude into an energy spectrum array to obtain a standard card energy spectrum array.

[0034] The interval module is configured to obtain the energy distribution interval of a preset element in the energy spectrum array by subtracting the background card array from the standard card energy spectrum array;

[0035] The detection module is configured to determine the low threshold address and high threshold address of the energy spectrum array, and to determine whether the gas collection card is contaminated based on the first energy spectrum count in the energy distribution range that is greater than the high threshold address;

[0036] The results module is configured to determine the content of the preset element based on the second energy spectrum count in the energy distribution interval between the low threshold address and the high threshold address when the gas collection card is not contaminated, and to determine the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori based on the content.

[0037] A third aspect of this application provides an electronic device including a processor, a memory, a user interface, and a network interface, wherein the memory is used to store instructions, the user interface and the network interface are both used to communicate with other devices, and the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any of the foregoing.

[0038] A fourth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium storing instructions that, when executed, perform the method described in any of the preceding descriptions.

[0039] In summary, one or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application have at least the following technical effects or advantages:

[0040] 1. By acquiring the signal amplitude of each collected signal from the gas collecting card and converting it into an energy spectrum array, a standard card energy spectrum array is obtained. This conversion makes signal processing more accurate and provides a reliable data foundation for subsequent analysis. By subtracting the background card array from the standard card energy spectrum array, the preset elements can be determined. 14 C) The energy distribution range in the energy spectrum array. This step helps to eliminate background noise and interference, further improving the accuracy of the measurement;

[0041] 2. Low-threshold and high-threshold channel addresses are set, and the gas collection card is judged to be contaminated based on the first energy spectrum count of the channel address with a value greater than the high-threshold value in the energy distribution range. If the first energy spectrum count exceeds a certain threshold, the gas collection card is considered to be contaminated. This helps to detect problems in time and avoid erroneous measurement results.

[0042] 3. When the gas collection card is not contaminated, the content of the preset element is determined by calculating the second energy spectrum count between the low-threshold and high-threshold addresses in the energy distribution range. This step enables quantitative analysis of Helicobacter pylori, making the measurement results more specific and reliable. Based on the content of the preset element, the measurement results of Helicobacter pylori can be further determined. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the Helicobacter pylori measurement method disclosed in the embodiments of this application;

[0044] Figure 2 This is the β source disclosed in the embodiments of this application. 14 A schematic diagram of the β-ray energy spectrum of carbon powder detected by C;

[0045] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the module of the Helicobacter pylori measurement system disclosed in the embodiments of this application;

[0046] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device disclosed in an embodiment of this application.

[0047] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached diagram: 301, Acquisition module; 302, Interval module; 303, Detection module; 304, Result module; 401, Processor; 402, Communication bus; 403, User interface; 404, Network interface; 405, Memory. Detailed Implementation

[0048] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in this specification, the technical solutions in the embodiments of this specification will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of this application, and not all embodiments.

[0049] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the words "for example" or "for instance" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or explanations. Any embodiment or design that is described as "for example" or "for instance" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or design options. Rather, the use of the words "for example" or "for instance" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0050] In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "multiple" means two or more. For example, multiple systems means two or more systems, and multiple screen terminals means two or more screen terminals. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the indicated technical features. Thus, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof all mean "including but not limited to," unless otherwise specifically emphasized.

[0051] This embodiment discloses a method for measuring Helicobacter pylori, applied to a Helicobacter pylori measuring instrument. Figure 1 This is a schematic flowchart of the Helicobacter pylori measurement method disclosed in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes the following steps:

[0052] S110. Obtain the signal amplitude of each collected signal in the gas collecting card, and convert the signal amplitude into an energy spectrum array to obtain the standard card energy spectrum array;

[0053] A gas collection card is a specially designed card used to collect and preserve gases released from a test sample (such as an exhaled breath sample). These gases may contain radioactive isotopes associated with Helicobacter pylori (such as...). 14C). When the gas collection card is exposed to the sample being tested and collects the gas, the gas decays within the card and releases radioactive particles. These particles are captured by detectors on the card (such as scintillation detectors or semiconductor detectors) and converted into electrical signals. Each acquired electrical signal represents the energy deposition of a radioactive particle, and its amplitude reflects the particle's energy level. Appropriate electronic equipment (such as an analog-to-digital converter, ADC) is used to acquire these electrical signals and measure their amplitudes. These amplitudes are typically expressed as voltage or current. The energy spectrum array is an array used to store particle counts for different energy values. The array index represents the particle's energy value (usually represented by a channel address or energy channel), while the element value represents the number of particles captured at that energy value. Each acquired signal amplitude is mapped to the corresponding index in the energy spectrum array. This typically involves converting the signal amplitude to an energy value and finding the corresponding energy spectrum array index. For each signal amplitude, the element value at its corresponding energy spectrum array index is incremented by one to indicate that a particle was captured at that energy value. By performing the above conversion on all the acquired signal amplitudes, a complete energy spectrum array, namely the standard card energy spectrum array, can be formed. This array contains the energy distribution information of all particles captured from the gas collecting card. The standard card energy spectrum array is the basis for subsequent analysis.

[0054] Optionally, acquiring the signal amplitude of each collected signal from the gas collecting card and converting the signal amplitude into an energy spectrum array to obtain a standard card energy spectrum array includes:

[0055] The initial array interval is determined based on the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter, and each element in the initial array interval is initialized to zero.

[0056] The analog-to-digital converter acquires the signal amplitude of each collected signal in the gas collecting card, and uses the analog-to-digital converter value corresponding to each signal amplitude as the index of the energy spectrum array, and increments the array element value at the corresponding index position by one;

[0057] All collected signals are accumulated to form a standard calorimeter energy spectrum array.

[0058] An initial array range is determined based on the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The ADC's resolution determines the smallest amount of signal variation it can distinguish. For example, if the ADC has a 12-bit resolution, then it can represent signals ranging from 0 to 4096 (2π). 12Based on this resolution, create a sufficiently large array (or list) whose index range covers all possible values ​​output by the ADC. Each element in the array is initialized to zero, indicating that no signal amplitude is recorded initially. Use the ADC to acquire the signal amplitude at each acquisition point on the gas collection card. These signal amplitudes represent the energy levels produced by different gas components or radioactive substances. Use each acquired signal amplitude as an index into the energy spectrum array. This means that if the ADC outputs a signal amplitude of 100, then increment the value of the element at index 100 in the energy spectrum array by one. For each specific signal amplitude (or energy level), record how many times that amplitude was detected. Through the above steps, each element in the array accumulates a value representing the number of times the corresponding signal amplitude (or energy level) was detected. After all the acquired signals have been processed, this array forms a standard card energy spectrum array. This array can be used to analyze the energy distribution of gas components or radioactive substances, as different gas components or radioactive substances produce different characteristic energy distributions.

[0059] Determining the initial array range by using the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) ensures that the signal amplitude is accurately quantized to the corresponding array index. Higher ADC resolution allows for the differentiation of smaller signal amplitude differences, thus improving quantization accuracy. Using the signal amplitude as an index to the energy spectrum array and incrementing the array element value at the corresponding index position visually represents the frequency or quantity of different signal amplitudes. This energy spectrum array format is helpful for analyzing the signal's distribution characteristics and statistical features. By accumulating all acquired signals to form a standard card energy spectrum array, large amounts of data can be processed efficiently, yielding representative energy spectrum characteristics. This method significantly improves data processing efficiency and accuracy when handling complex signal data. The resulting standard card energy spectrum array can serve as the basis for subsequent analysis and comparison. By comparing it with energy spectrum arrays under different conditions, information such as signal variation patterns and anomalies can be analyzed, providing strong support for fields such as fault diagnosis and environmental monitoring.

[0060] S120. Subtract the background card array from the standard card energy spectrum array to obtain the energy distribution range of the preset element in the energy spectrum array;

[0061] The standard card energy spectrum array is obtained by collecting the signal amplitude of each signal from the gas collection card and converting it into an energy spectrum form. It contains information on the energy distribution of particles produced by the decay of all radioactive isotopes in the sample being tested. The background card array, on the other hand, is obtained by collecting the energy spectrum array from gas collection cards that are not exposed to the sample being tested (i.e., blank or control samples). It represents the energy distribution of particles produced by the decay of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes in the environment when no sample is being tested. Subtracting the background card array aims to eliminate the influence of naturally occurring radioactive isotopes in the environment on the measurement results, thereby more accurately identifying elements in the sample that are not directly related to the predetermined elements (such as...) in the sample being tested. 14 C) Relevant Energy Distribution Range. For each energy channel (or address) in the standard card energy spectrum array and the background card array, subtract the corresponding count in the background card array from the count in the standard card array. The resulting difference represents the net count of the preset element in the sample at that energy channel. This step yields a new energy spectrum array containing only energy distribution information related to the preset element in the sample. This new energy spectrum array will be used for subsequent analysis and measurements. The energy distribution range refers to the range of energy distributions in the energy spectrum array for the preset element (e.g., ...). 14 C) The range of continuous energy channels occupied by the energy distribution of the generated particles. In the energy spectrum array obtained after subtracting the background graph, the energy distribution range of the preset element can be determined by finding the range of continuously non-zero (or exceeding a certain threshold) energy channels. This range is usually located in a specific region of the energy spectrum and is related to the type and decay characteristics of the preset element in the sample being tested. Because... 14 C has very weak energy, and its signal is concentrated in the low-energy region of the energy spectrum, i.e., the front end of the array. 14 The peak energy of C's beta rays is 156.476 keV, the average energy is 49.47 keV, and the peak energy is about 80 keV, which belongs to the category of weak beta rays. Figure 2 This is the β source disclosed in the embodiments of this application. 14 A schematic diagram of the beta-ray energy spectrum of carbon powder detected by C. Furthermore, the higher the pressure, the better. 14 The maximum energy boundary of C shifts to the right.

[0062] Optionally, obtaining the energy distribution range of the preset element in the energy spectrum array by subtracting the background card array from the standard card energy spectrum array includes:

[0063] The target energy value is obtained by subtracting the first energy count of the target energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array from the second energy count of the target energy value in the background card array, wherein the target energy value is any energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array;

[0064] Identify all target energy values ​​whose target energy count is greater than a first threshold, and construct an energy distribution interval based on all the target energy values.

[0065] "Target energy value" refers to any energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array. This energy value represents the energy level of the radioactive particle deposition captured by the detector. "First energy count" refers to the particle count in the standard card energy spectrum array corresponding to the target energy value. This count reflects the number of particles with that energy value produced by the decay of radioactive isotopes in the sample being tested. "Second energy count" refers to the particle count in the background card array corresponding to the same target energy value. This count reflects the number of particles with that energy value produced by the decay of radioactive isotopes naturally present in the environment when no sample is being tested. Subtracting the first energy count in the standard card energy spectrum array from the second energy count in the background card array yields the target energy count, representing the preset element (…) in the sample being tested. 14 C) The net particle count generated at this energy value. The first threshold can be determined based on detector performance and the characteristics of the sample being measured. Only when the target energy count is greater than the first threshold is the count at that energy value considered to be related to the preset element. Traverse all energy values ​​in the standard card energy spectrum array, calculate the target energy count for each energy value, and compare it with the first threshold. Filter out all energy values ​​whose target energy count is greater than the first threshold. Sort all the filtered target energy values ​​according to their energy magnitude to form a continuous energy range. This range is the energy distribution interval of the preset element in the energy spectrum array. This interval typically contains all energy values ​​related to the preset element in the sample being measured, providing important information for subsequent measurements and analysis.

[0066] By subtracting the first energy count of each target energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array from the second energy count of the corresponding target energy value in the background card array, the target energy count for each target energy value can be accurately calculated. This process eliminates the influence of background noise and background radiation, making the identification of target energy values ​​more accurate. By identifying all target energy values ​​whose target energy count is greater than a first threshold, those that match preset elements (such as...) can be selected. 14 C) Related signals. This step improves the sensitivity of the measurement, enabling effective identification even when the target element's concentration is low. Constructing an energy distribution interval based on all target energy values ​​(i.e., energy values ​​where the target energy count is greater than the first threshold) accurately reflects the energy distribution characteristics of the preset element in the energy spectrum array. This interval provides a reliable basis for subsequent analysis and measurement.

[0067] S130. Determine the low threshold address and high threshold address of the energy spectrum array, and determine whether the gas collection card is contaminated based on the first energy spectrum count in the energy distribution interval that is greater than the high threshold address.

[0068] The energy spectrum array typically records the energy counts corresponding to each channel address. To more intuitively analyze the energy distribution, especially for... 14 For radioactive isotopes like carbon, which have specific energy characteristics, a logarithmic (base 10) approach is typically applied to the energy spectrum array to more easily identify characteristic regions of the energy distribution. 14 The point where the net logarithm spectrum of C approaches 0 is... 14 The C-energy region boundary is defined by the left boundary L, which is the starting point of the energy region boundary and is called the low-threshold address, and the right boundary H, which is the ending point of the energy region boundary and is called the high-threshold address. The energy regions to the left of L and to the right of H are all non-critical. 14 C energy region. Energy counts below L (to the left of L) are considered noise counts; these counts do not contain information about the energy range. 14 C contains valid information and should therefore be discarded during analysis. Spectral counts higher than H (to the right of H) are considered non-valid. 14 High-energy signals from C. These signals may be caused by contamination from other nuclides or unusual events. When the count of these high-energy signals increases abnormally, the gas collection card may be contaminated. Specifically, contamination of the gas collection card can be determined by monitoring the first energy spectrum count above the H channel address. Once contamination is confirmed, spurious high-energy counts caused by contamination need to be subtracted from the total count between L and H. These spurious counts will interfere with the analysis of the high-energy signals from C. 14 Accurate measurement of the true concentration of C. A more accurate result can be obtained by subtracting spurious counts. 14 C Measurement results.

[0069] Optionally, determining the low-threshold and high-threshold addresses of the energy spectrum array includes:

[0070] The energy spectrum array of the energy distribution range is converted into logarithmic form to obtain a new energy spectrum array;

[0071] In the new energy spectrum array, the steepest rising edge and the steepest falling edge of the energy distribution are identified. The channel address corresponding to the starting point of the steepest rising edge is determined as the low threshold channel address, and the channel address corresponding to the ending point of the steepest falling edge is determined as the high threshold channel address.

[0072] In a new energy spectrum array, the energy distribution typically exhibits specific characteristics. For radioactive isotopes, the energy distribution is usually most concentrated within a specific energy range, forming a distinct peak region. The steepest rising edge refers to the part of the energy distribution where the count increases most rapidly as the energy distribution transitions from a low-energy region to a high-energy region. The starting point of this rising edge usually corresponds to the beginning point of the energy distribution, i.e., the low-threshold address. The steepest falling edge refers to the part of the energy distribution where the count decreases most rapidly as the energy distribution transitions from a high-energy region to a low-energy region. The ending point of this falling edge usually corresponds to the end point of the energy distribution, i.e., the high-threshold address. By identifying the starting point and ending point of the steepest rising edge and the steepest falling edge, the low-threshold address and the high-threshold address can be determined. These two threshold addresses will be used to define the effective range of the energy distribution, thereby extracting the relevant data. 14 Effective counts related to C.

[0073] Converting the energy spectrum array to logarithmic form significantly enhances the visualization of the energy distribution, making the difference between energy peaks and background noise more apparent. This helps to more accurately identify characteristic regions of the energy distribution, providing strong support for subsequent threshold address determination. By identifying the steepest rising and falling edges of the energy distribution, low-threshold and high-threshold addresses can be precisely determined. This method avoids the subjectivity and uncertainty of manually setting thresholds, improving the accuracy and reliability of threshold determination. Determining threshold addresses through mathematical operations and automatic identification techniques avoids tedious manual operations and optimizes the data processing flow. This helps improve measurement efficiency and accuracy while reducing the risk of human error. Precisely determined low-threshold and high-threshold addresses ensure that only valid energy distribution intervals are analyzed, thus avoiding interference from background noise and other irrelevant signals. This helps enhance the robustness and reliability of measurement results, providing strong support for subsequent analysis and decision-making.

[0074] Optionally, determining whether the gas collecting card is contaminated based on the first energy spectrum count greater than the high threshold address in the energy distribution range includes:

[0075] Determine whether the first energy spectrum count is greater than the second threshold;

[0076] When the first energy spectrum count is greater than the second threshold, it is determined that the gas collection card is contaminated;

[0077] When the first energy spectrum count is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is determined that the gas collection card is not contaminated.

[0078] Within a defined energy distribution range, particularly in areas above the high-threshold channel address, calculate the first energy spectrum count. This count represents the intensity of a high-energy event, potentially caused by contamination or other anomalous signals. A reasonable second threshold is set based on practical application requirements, instrument performance, background noise levels, and other factors. This second threshold distinguishes normal signals from potential contamination signals. If the first energy spectrum count is greater than the second threshold, it indicates that the gas collection card may be contaminated. In this case, the count generated by contamination needs to be removed during calculation. If the first energy spectrum count is less than or equal to the second threshold, it indicates that the gas collection card is not contaminated and can continue to be used or proceed to the next analysis step.

[0079] By setting a second threshold and comparing it with the first energy spectrum count, the contamination status of the gas collection card can be determined more accurately. This method avoids the bias of judging based on a single count value, improving the accuracy and reliability of the judgment. Automatically determining the contamination status of the gas collection card through mathematical calculations and threshold judgment avoids tedious manual operations and the subjectivity of human judgment. This helps optimize the contamination monitoring process and improve monitoring efficiency and accuracy. By reasonably setting the second threshold, the false alarm rate and the missed alarm rate can be balanced. An excessively high threshold may lead to missed alarms, i.e., failure to detect contamination in a timely manner; while an excessively low threshold may lead to false alarms, i.e., incorrectly assuming the gas collection card is contaminated. Precisely setting the threshold can reduce the false alarm and missed alarm rates, improving the accuracy and reliability of the judgment.

[0080] S140. When the gas collection card is not contaminated, the content of the preset element is determined according to the second energy spectrum count between the low threshold address and the high threshold address in the energy distribution interval, and the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined according to the content.

[0081] By comparing the first energy spectrum count above the high threshold address with a preset second threshold, it can be determined whether the gas collection card is contaminated. If the first energy spectrum count does not exceed the second threshold, the gas collection card is confirmed to be uncontaminated. After confirming the gas collection card is uncontaminated, focus is placed on the energy spectrum interval between the low and high threshold addresses. This interval typically contains the energy distribution associated with a preset element (e.g., a radioactive isotope used to label Helicobacter pylori). The second energy spectrum count for this specific interval is extracted from the energy spectrum array. This count reflects the cumulative amount of the preset element on the gas collection card and is closely related to the Helicobacter pylori content. Using known calibration curves or mathematical models, the second energy spectrum count can be converted into the accurate content of the preset element. This process typically involves factors such as the sensitivity of the spectrometer, energy resolution, and decay characteristics of the preset element. Based on the content of the preset element, the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori can be inferred. This inference may be based on the quantitative relationship between the preset element and Helicobacter pylori, such as the binding ratio of a radioactive isotope to Helicobacter pylori achieved through labeling technology. Present the results of Helicobacter pylori measurements in an appropriate format (such as numerical values, charts, or reports) for further analysis and decision-making.

[0082] Optionally, the determination of the Helicobacter pylori measurement result based on the content includes:

[0083] The content is compared with a third threshold;

[0084] If the content is less than the third threshold, the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined to be negative;

[0085] If the content is greater than or equal to the third threshold, the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined to be positive.

[0086] For example, the third threshold is set to 100, a crucial cutoff value used to distinguish between a negative and a positive result for Helicobacter pylori testing. The setting of the third threshold is typically based on experimental data, statistical analysis, and clinical needs. After determining the third threshold, a pre-defined element (in this case, ) obtained from energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis is used. 14 The content of C) was compared with the third threshold. When DPM ( 14 When the decay rate (C-14 decays per minute) is less than the third threshold, the measurement result for Helicobacter pylori is considered negative. This means that under the current measurement conditions, insufficient C-14 radioactivity was detected to confirm the presence of Helicobacter pylori. When the decay rate (DPM) is greater than or equal to the third threshold, the measurement result for Helicobacter pylori is considered positive. This indicates that under the current measurement conditions, sufficient C-14 radioactivity was detected to confirm the presence of Helicobacter pylori.

[0087] By setting a clearly defined third threshold and comparing it with the actual measured levels, the results of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) testing can be determined more accurately. This method avoids the subjectivity and uncertainty of judgments based solely on experience or intuition, improving the accuracy and reliability of the assessment. Setting a fixed third threshold provides a unified standard for H. pylori testing. This helps standardize the testing process, ensuring consistency and comparability of results across different times, personnel, and devices. Measurement results can be obtained through simple comparison operations, without complex calculations or analyses. This improves testing efficiency, making H. pylori testing faster and more convenient.

[0088] Optionally, the method further includes:

[0089] When the gas collection card is contaminated, calculate the first difference between the first energy spectrum count and the second threshold.

[0090] Calculate the second difference between the second energy spectrum count and the first difference, determine the content of the preset element based on the second difference, and determine the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori based on the content.

[0091] After confirming contamination of the gas collection card, the difference between the first energy spectrum count and the second threshold is calculated, i.e., the first difference. The first difference reflects the influence of factors other than the preset element (such as background noise, impurities, etc.) on the energy spectrum count. By calculating the first difference, this influence can be quantified and considered in subsequent calculations. The difference between the second energy spectrum count (located between the low and high threshold channels) and the first difference is calculated, i.e., the second difference. The second difference actually reflects the true accumulation of the preset element on the gas collection card because it has eliminated the influence of factors such as background noise and impurities. Using the second difference, combined with factors such as the sensitivity and energy resolution of the spectrometer and the decay characteristics of the preset element, the accurate content of the preset element can be calculated using known calibration curves or mathematical models. Finally, based on the content of the preset element, the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori can be inferred. This inference may be based on the quantitative relationship between the preset element and Helicobacter pylori, such as the binding ratio of radioactive isotopes to Helicobacter pylori achieved through labeling technology. If the content of a preset element exceeds a certain threshold (which may be based on experimental data or statistical analysis), the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined to be positive; otherwise, it is determined to be negative.

[0092] By calculating the first difference (i.e., the difference between the first energy spectrum count and the second threshold) and the second difference (i.e., the difference between the second energy spectrum count and the first difference), the preset element (such as...) can be reflected more accurately. 14C) The actual content on the gas collection card. This method reduces measurement deviations caused by instrument errors, environmental factors, etc., and improves measurement accuracy. By introducing difference calculation, the measurement process is simplified. Without the need for additional complex operations, the content of preset elements can be obtained through simple mathematical calculations, and the measurement results of Helicobacter pylori can be determined accordingly. This helps to save measurement time, reduce operational difficulty, and improve measurement efficiency.

[0093] The Helicobacter pylori measuring instrument in this embodiment uses a single photomultiplier tube (PMT) coupled to a thin-layer plastic scintillator as the photoelectric detection component. The PMT and the thin-layer plastic scintillator are coupled via optical silicone grease. The detection distance from the measuring component to the measured object is reduced to the shortest possible value under existing conditions. Under the same detection conditions, a shorter detection distance results in higher detection efficiency, thus ensuring high detection efficiency. This embodiment leverages the energy discrimination capability of the thin-layer plastic scintillator and the PMT detector; the higher the radiation energy, the higher the signal amplitude. By acquiring the amplitude of each signal, the instrument utilizes… 14 C Standard Card Precise Classification 14 The distribution range of the C signal is identified and non-C signals are excluded. 14 The C signal is effectively identified and subtracted when the gas collection card is contaminated by radon progeny or other nuclides, ensuring the accuracy of the measurement results. The use of a thinner plastic scintillator not only meets the requirements... 14 The energy deposition of C's beta rays reduces the response to ambient background radiation. By minimizing the detection distance and appropriately increasing shielding materials, a lower background and higher efficiency can be achieved compared to traditional GM tubes. Compared to traditional GM tube measurement methods, the embodiments of this application reduce the background, improve detection efficiency, and eliminate spurious counts caused by non-14C signals.

[0094] This embodiment also discloses a measurement system for Helicobacter pylori. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the modules of the Helicobacter pylori measurement system disclosed in the embodiments of this application, as shown below. Figure 3 As shown, the system includes a data acquisition module 301, an interval module 302, a detection module 303, and a result module 304, wherein:

[0095] Acquisition module 301 is configured to acquire the signal amplitude of each acquired signal in the gas collection card and convert the signal amplitude into an energy spectrum array to obtain a standard card energy spectrum array.

[0096] Interval module 302 is configured to obtain the energy distribution interval of a preset element in the energy spectrum array by subtracting the background card array from the standard card energy spectrum array;

[0097] The detection module 303 is configured to determine the low threshold address and high threshold address of the energy spectrum array, and to determine whether the gas collection card is contaminated based on the first energy spectrum count in the energy distribution range that is greater than the high threshold address.

[0098] The result module 304 is configured to determine the content of the preset element based on the second energy spectrum count in the energy distribution interval between the low threshold address and the high threshold address when the gas collection card is not contaminated, and to determine the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori based on the content.

[0099] Optionally, the acquisition module 301 is configured to:

[0100] The initial array interval is determined based on the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter, and each element in the initial array interval is initialized to zero.

[0101] The analog-to-digital converter acquires the signal amplitude of each collected signal in the gas collecting card, uses each signal amplitude as an index of the energy spectrum array, and increments the array element value at the corresponding index position by one;

[0102] All collected signals are accumulated to form a standard calorimeter energy spectrum array.

[0103] Optionally, the interval module 302 is configured to:

[0104] The target energy value is obtained by subtracting the first energy count of the target energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array from the second energy count of the target energy value in the background card array, wherein the target energy value is any energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array;

[0105] Identify all target energy values ​​whose target energy count is greater than a first threshold, and construct an energy distribution interval based on all the target energy values.

[0106] Optionally, the detection module 303 is configured to:

[0107] The energy spectrum array of the energy distribution range is converted into logarithmic form to obtain a new energy spectrum array;

[0108] In the new energy spectrum array, the steepest rising edge and the steepest falling edge of the energy distribution are identified. The channel address corresponding to the starting point of the steepest rising edge is determined as the low threshold channel address, and the channel address corresponding to the ending point of the steepest falling edge is determined as the high threshold channel address.

[0109] Optionally, the detection module 303 is configured to:

[0110] Determine whether the first energy spectrum count is greater than the second threshold;

[0111] When the first energy spectrum count is greater than the second threshold, it is determined that the gas collection card is contaminated;

[0112] When the first energy spectrum count is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is determined that the gas collection card is not contaminated.

[0113] Optionally, the system further includes an adjustment module, the adjustment module being configured to:

[0114] When the gas collection card is contaminated, calculate the first difference between the first energy spectrum count and the second threshold.

[0115] Calculate the second difference between the second energy spectrum count and the first difference, determine the content of the preset element based on the second difference, and determine the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori based on the content.

[0116] Optionally, the result module 304 is configured to:

[0117] The content is compared with a third threshold;

[0118] If the content is less than the third threshold, the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined to be negative;

[0119] If the content is greater than or equal to the third threshold, the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined to be positive.

[0120] It should be noted that the above embodiments of the apparatus are only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the apparatus and method embodiments provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process can be found in the method embodiments, which will not be repeated here.

[0121] This embodiment also discloses an electronic device, as shown in the reference. Figure 4 The electronic device may include: at least one processor 401, at least one communication bus 402, user interface 403, network interface 404, and at least one memory 405.

[0122] The communication bus 402 is used to enable communication between these components.

[0123] The user interface 403 may include a display screen and a camera. Optionally, the user interface 403 may also include a standard wired interface and a wireless interface.

[0124] The network interface 404 may optionally include a standard wired interface or a wireless interface (such as a Wi-Fi interface).

[0125] The processor 401 may include one or more processing cores. The processor 401 connects to various parts of the server using various interfaces and lines, and performs various server functions and processes data by running or executing instructions, programs, code sets, or instruction sets stored in memory 405, and by calling data stored in memory 405. Optionally, the processor 401 may be implemented using at least one hardware form of Digital Signal Processing (DSP), Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA), or Programmable Logic Array (PLA). The processor 401 may integrate one or a combination of several of the following: Central Processing Unit (CPU), Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), and modem. The CPU primarily handles the operating system, user interface, and applications; the GPU is responsible for rendering and drawing the content required for display; and the modem handles wireless communication. It is understood that the modem may also be implemented as a separate chip without being integrated into the processor 401.

[0126] The memory 405 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory. Optionally, the memory 405 may include a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The memory 405 may be used to store instructions, programs, code, code sets, or instruction sets. The memory 405 may include a program storage area and a data storage area, wherein the program storage area may store instructions for implementing an operating system, instructions for at least one function (such as touch function, sound playback function, image playback function, etc.), instructions for implementing the above-described method embodiments, etc.; the data storage area may store data involved in the above-described method embodiments, etc. Optionally, the memory 405 may also be at least one storage device located remotely from the aforementioned processor 401. Figure 4 As shown, the memory 405, which serves as a computer storage medium, may include an operating system, a network communication module, a user interface module, and an application program for measuring Helicobacter pylori.

[0127] exist Figure 4 In the electronic device shown, the user interface 403 is mainly used to provide an input interface for the user and to obtain the user input data; while the processor 401 can be used to call the application program storing the measurement method of Helicobacter pylori in the memory 405. When executed by one or more processors 401, the electronic device performs one or more methods as described in the above embodiments.

[0128] It should be noted that, for the sake of simplicity, the foregoing method embodiments are all described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that this application is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps may be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to this application. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and modules involved are not necessarily essential to this application.

[0129] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0130] In the several embodiments provided in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus can be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described above are merely illustrative; for instance, the division of units is only a logical functional division, and in actual implementation, there may be other division methods. For example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be ignored or not executed. Furthermore, the shown or discussed mutual couplings or direct couplings or communication connections may be through some service interfaces; indirect couplings or communication connections between apparatuses or units may be electrical or other forms.

[0131] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the units can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs.

[0132] Furthermore, the functional units in the various embodiments of this application can be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit can exist physically separately, or two or more units can be integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be implemented in hardware or as a software functional unit.

[0133] If the integrated unit is implemented as a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage device (CMD). Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a memory 405 and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute all or part of the steps of the methods of the various embodiments of this application. The aforementioned memory 405 includes various media capable of storing program code, such as a USB flash drive, external hard drive, magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0134] The foregoing description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of this disclosure. Any equivalent changes and modifications made in accordance with the teachings of this disclosure shall still fall within the scope of this disclosure. Other embodiments of this disclosure will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art upon consideration of the disclosure in this specification. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this disclosure that follow the general principles of this disclosure and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art not described in this disclosure. The specification and embodiments are to be considered exemplary only, and the scope and spirit of this disclosure are defined by the claims.

Claims

1. A method for measuring Helicobacter pylori, characterized in that, The method, applied to a Helicobacter pylori measuring instrument, includes: The process involves acquiring the signal amplitude of each collected signal from the gas collection card, converting the signal amplitude into an energy spectrum array to obtain a standard card energy spectrum array, specifically including: determining an initial array interval based on the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter, initializing each element in the initial array interval to zero; acquiring the signal amplitude of each collected signal from the gas collection card through the analog-to-digital converter, using the analog-to-digital converter value corresponding to each signal amplitude as an index of the energy spectrum array, and incrementing the array element value at the corresponding index position by one; and accumulating all collected signals to form a standard card energy spectrum array. The energy distribution range of a preset element in the energy spectrum array is obtained by subtracting the background card array from the standard card energy spectrum array. Specifically, this includes: subtracting the first energy count of the target energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array from the second energy count of the target energy value in the background card array to obtain the target energy count of the target energy value, where the target energy value is any energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array; determining all target energy values ​​whose target energy count is greater than a first threshold, and constructing an energy distribution range based on all target energy values. The process of determining the low-threshold and high-threshold addresses of the energy spectrum array, and determining whether the gas collection card is contaminated based on the first energy spectrum count greater than the high-threshold address in the energy distribution interval, specifically includes: converting the energy spectrum array of the energy distribution interval into logarithmic form to obtain a new energy spectrum array; in the new energy spectrum array, identifying the steepest rising edge and the steepest falling edge of the energy distribution, determining the address corresponding to the starting point of the steepest rising edge as the low-threshold address, and determining the address corresponding to the ending point of the steepest falling edge as the high-threshold address; When the gas collection card is not contaminated, the content of the preset element is determined based on the second energy spectrum count between the low threshold address and the high threshold address in the energy distribution interval, and the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined based on the content.

2. The method for measuring Helicobacter pylori according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of determining whether the gas collection card is contaminated based on the first energy spectrum count of the energy distribution range that is greater than the high threshold address includes: Determine whether the first energy spectrum count is greater than the second threshold; When the first energy spectrum count is greater than the second threshold, it is determined that the gas collection card is contaminated; When the first energy spectrum count is less than or equal to the second threshold, it is determined that the gas collection card is not contaminated.

3. The method for measuring Helicobacter pylori according to claim 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the gas collection card is contaminated, calculate the first difference between the first energy spectrum count and the second threshold. Calculate the second difference between the second energy spectrum count and the first difference, determine the content of the preset element based on the second difference, and determine the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori based on the content.

4. The method for measuring Helicobacter pylori according to claim 1, characterized in that, The measurement results for determining Helicobacter pylori based on the content include: The content is compared with a third threshold; If the content is less than the third threshold, the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined to be negative; If the content is greater than or equal to the third threshold, the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori is determined to be positive.

5. A measurement system for Helicobacter pylori, characterized in that, It includes a data acquisition module, an interval module, a detection module, and a results module, among which: The acquisition module is configured to acquire the signal amplitude of each acquired signal from the gas collection card, and convert the signal amplitude into an energy spectrum array to obtain a standard card energy spectrum array. Specifically, this includes: determining an initial array interval based on the resolution of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC); initializing each element in the initial array interval to zero; acquiring the signal amplitude of each acquired signal from the gas collection card through the ADC; using the ADC value corresponding to each signal amplitude as an index of the energy spectrum array; and incrementing the array element value at the corresponding index position by one; and accumulating all acquired signals to form a standard card energy spectrum array. The interval module is configured to obtain the energy distribution interval of a preset element in the energy spectrum array by subtracting the background card array from the standard card energy spectrum array. Specifically, it includes: subtracting the first energy count of the target energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array from the second energy count of the target energy value in the background card array to obtain the target energy count of the target energy value, wherein the target energy value is any energy value in the standard card energy spectrum array; determining all target energy values ​​whose target energy count is greater than a first threshold, and constructing an energy distribution interval based on all target energy values; The detection module is configured to determine the low-threshold address and high-threshold address of the energy spectrum array, and to determine whether the gas collection card is contaminated based on the first energy spectrum count greater than the high-threshold address in the energy distribution interval. Specifically, it includes: converting the energy spectrum array of the energy distribution interval into logarithmic form to obtain a new energy spectrum array; in the new energy spectrum array, identifying the steepest rising edge and the steepest falling edge of the energy distribution, determining the address corresponding to the starting point of the steepest rising edge as the low-threshold address, and determining the address corresponding to the ending point of the steepest falling edge as the high-threshold address; The results module is configured to determine the content of the preset element based on the second energy spectrum count in the energy distribution interval between the low threshold address and the high threshold address when the gas collection card is not contaminated, and to determine the measurement result of Helicobacter pylori based on the content.

6. An electronic device, characterized in that, The device includes a processor, a memory, a user interface, and a network interface. The memory is used to store instructions. Both the user interface and the network interface are used to communicate with other devices. The processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory to cause the electronic device to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

7. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores instructions that, when executed, perform the method as described in any one of claims 1-4.

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