Deep karst collapse centrifugal test model and method based on 3D printing

Abstract

The invention discloses a deep karst collapse centrifugal test model and method based on 3D printing, and relates to the field of karst collapse, and the model comprises a karst structure model which is obtained through 3D printing according to the shape, inclination angle and density of a solid karst structure in a to-be-studied area; the karst structure model is arranged at the bottom of the inner side of the model experiment box; the model experiment box is filled with an experiment soil body, the experiment soil body is located above the karst structure model, and the subway roadbed model is fixed in the experiment soil body; the intelligent regulation and control vibration loading module is used for controlling the subway roadbed model to vibrate, so that the experimental soil body slides into the karst structure model to form a karst collapse pit; the multi-source data sensor modules are embedded in different positions of an experimental soil body and record data related to collapse and soil body deformation in the karst collapse pit forming process. Different karst structure models can be accurately manufactured, and the whole process of deep karst collapse is accurately simulated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of karst collapse, and in particular to a centrifugal test model and method for deep karst collapse based on 3D printing. Background Art

[0002] During the operation of urban subway trains, significant vibration effects will be generated, which are often widely propagated in underground rock formations through complex simulated geological structures. Especially in heterogeneous geological bodies containing karst, the propagation path and attenuation characteristics of vibration are more complex and changeable. Due to long-term geological effects, the rock structure in deep karst areas is relatively fragile, and vibration can easily induce local stress concentration, leading to karst collapse accidents. Karst collapse will not only affect the normal operation of the subway, but may also endanger the stability of buildings, underground pipelines and road traffic along the subway. Traditional test methods are often limited by the complexity and cost of karst structure model production, and it is difficult to accurately simulate the geological conditions in actual engineering. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide a deep karst collapse centrifuge test model and method based on 3D printing, which can accurately produce different karst structure models and accurately simulate the entire process of deep karst collapse.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this application provides the following solutions: In the first aspect, the present application provides a deep karst collapse centrifugal test model based on 3D printing, including: a model test box, a karst structure model, a subway railway foundation model, an intelligent control vibration loading module and a multi-source data sensor module; The karst structure model is obtained by 3D printing according to the shape, inclination and density of the physical karst structure in the area to be studied; the karst structure model is arranged at the inner bottom of the model experiment box; the interior of the model experiment box is filled with an experimental soil body, the experimental soil body is located above the karst structure model, and the subway foundation model is fixed in the experimental soil body; The intelligent control vibration loading module is used to control the vibration of the subway foundation model, so that the experimental soil slides into the karst structure model to form a karst collapse pit; The multi-source data sensor modules are embedded in different positions of the experimental soil and are used to record data related to collapse and soil deformation during the formation of the karst collapse pit.

[0005] Furthermore, the model experiment box includes an inner box and an outer box, the inner box is arranged inside the outer box, plexiglass is arranged between the side walls of the inner box and the outer box, the karst structure model is arranged at the inner bottom of the inner box, and the experimental soil is filled inside the inner box and is located above the karst structure model.

[0006] Furthermore, the inner wall of the inner box is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene film.

[0007] Furthermore, the subway subgrade model includes a subgrade cap model and a plurality of pile foundation model models; A subway train track slab model is laid above the roadbed cap model, the roadbed cap model is located on the upper surface of the experimental soil body, each of the pile foundation models is fixedly connected to the roadbed cap model, and each of the pile foundation models is fixed in the experimental soil body.

[0008] Furthermore, the pile foundation model is a rigid component.

[0009] Furthermore, the subway train track plate model is a steel plate.

[0010] Furthermore, the model experiment box also includes a fixed crossbeam; the intelligent control vibration loading module includes an exciter loading head and an exciter control cabinet; The exciter loading head is nested on the fixed crossbeam, and the exciter loading head is connected to the exciter control cabinet. The exciter control cabinet is used to control the exciter loading head to strike the subway train track plate model to make the subway railway foundation model vibrate, causing the experimental soil to slide into the karst structure model to form a karst collapse pit.

[0011] Further, the data related to collapse and soil deformation include the internal pressure value of the experimental soil, the pore water pressure value, the position of the upper surface of the experimental soil and the soil deformation value of the experimental soil; the multi-source data sensor module includes: a laser displacement sensor, a plurality of soil pressure sensors, a plurality of pore water pressure sensors, a plurality of flexible sensors and a plurality of endoscopes; The laser displacement sensor is fixed on the fixed crossbeam and is used to record the position of the upper surface of the experimental soil body during the formation of the karst collapse pit; A plurality of endoscopes are arranged on the pile foundation model to photograph the process of internal collapse of the experimental soil body during the formation of the karst collapse pit; A plurality of soil pressure sensors, a plurality of pore water pressure sensors and a plurality of flexible sensors are arranged in different strata of the experimental soil and are located below the roadbed cap model. The soil pressure sensors are used to record the internal pressure value of the experimental soil during the formation of the karst collapse pit. The pore water pressure sensors are used to record the pore water pressure value of the experimental soil during the formation of the karst collapse pit. The flexible sensors are used to record the soil deformation value of the experimental soil during the formation of the karst collapse pit.

[0012] Furthermore, the deep karst collapse centrifuge test model also includes a support plate, which is arranged inside the model test box, the entrance of the karst structure model is spliced ​​with the support plate, and the experimental soil is located above the support plate.

[0013] In a second aspect, the present application provides a deep karst collapse centrifugal test method based on 3D printing, comprising: The above-mentioned deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing is hoisted on the end of the centrifuge basket, and the corresponding weight mass of the centrifuge counterweight end is set; Controlling the vibration of the subway foundation model in the deep karst collapse centrifugal test model to cause the experimental soil to slide into the karst structure model to form a karst collapse pit, thereby simulating the process of subway vibration-induced deep karst collapse; Data related to collapse and soil deformation during the formation of the karst collapse pit are recorded.

[0014] According to the specific embodiments provided in this application, this application discloses the following technical effects: The present application provides a deep karst collapse centrifugal test model and method based on 3D printing. The karst structure can be accurately replicated through 3D printing technology, making the karst structure model closer to the real geological environment, and being able to more accurately simulate the complex physical process of how subway vibration propagates through the strata and induces deep karst collapse. At the same time, the use of 3D printing technology can significantly reduce material waste and processing time, reduce the cost of karst structure model production, and thus improve the accuracy and reliability of the test results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a structural schematic diagram of a deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the overall structure of a roadbed cap model provided in one embodiment of the present application; Figure 3 This is a top plan view of a model test box provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0018] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present application more obvious and easy to understand, the present application is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods.

[0019] like Figure 1 and Figure 3 As shown, the deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing provided in the embodiment of the present application includes: a karst structure model 1, a model test box 2, a subway foundation model, an intelligent control vibration loading module and a multi-source data sensor module.

[0020] The karst structure model 1 is obtained by 3D printing according to the shape, inclination and density of the physical karst structure in the area to be studied; the karst structure model 1 is arranged at the inner bottom of the model experimental box 2; the interior of the model experimental box 2 is filled with an experimental soil body 7, and the experimental soil body 7 is filled in layers inside the model experimental box 2 and compacted in layers; the experimental soil body 7 is located above the karst structure model 1, and the subway foundation model is fixed in the experimental soil body 7.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment, the karst structure model 1 is obtained by 3D printing according to the shape, inclination and density of the physical karst structure in the area to be studied, specifically including: determining the geometric size and density of the karst structure model 1 according to the strength similarity criterion, and obtaining the geometric size similarity constant and the density similarity constant; the strength similarity criterion is to determine the density similarity constant of the karst structure model 1 according to the density of the physical karst structure in the area to be studied, and keep the material of the karst structure model 1 as similar as possible to the material of the physical karst structure; the geometric size similarity constant of the karst structure model 1 is determined according to the geometric size and scaling size of the physical karst structure. The scaling size is determined according to the gravity acceleration of the centrifuge to ensure that the scaled size of the physical karst structure is within the size range of the model experimental box 2, wherein the gravity acceleration of the centrifuge is the acceleration when the centrifuge is running, and the physical karst structure can be a karst cave and a karst channel. Finally, 3D modeling is performed according to the geometric size similarity constant, the density similarity constant and the inclination of the physical karst structure and the karst structure model 1 is printed. In addition, similarity constants of other physical quantities can be derived based on similarity constants of geometric dimensions, density and gravitational acceleration, as shown in Table 1. Dimensions and similarity constants of main physical quantities, N is the gravitational acceleration of the centrifuge, and the model rate is the ratio of the corresponding data of the manufactured model to the corresponding data of the prototype.

[0022] Table 1

[0023] The model test box 2 includes an inner box and an outer box, wherein the inner box is arranged inside the outer box, and the side walls of the inner box and the outer box are both made of steel plates, and organic glass is arranged between the side walls of the inner box and the outer box for observing the collapse process of the experimental soil 7 during the test. The karst structure model 1 is arranged at the inner bottom of the inner box, and the experimental soil 7 is filled inside the inner box and is located above the karst structure model 1.

[0024] The inner wall of the inner box is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene film, which can reduce friction and prevent the test soil 7 from adhering to the inner wall of the inner box, thereby affecting the collapse test results.

[0025] The intelligent control vibration loading module is used to control the vibration of the subway foundation model, so that the experimental soil 7 slides into the karst structure model 1 to form a karst collapse pit.

[0026] The subway foundation model includes a foundation cap model 5 and a plurality of pile foundation models 6. Figure 2 As shown, a subway train track slab model is laid on the top of the roadbed cap model 5, and the subway train track slab model is a steel plate. The roadbed cap model 5 is located on the upper surface of the experimental soil body 7, and each of the pile foundation models 6 is fixedly connected to the roadbed cap model 5, and each of the pile foundation models 6 is fixed in the experimental soil body 7. The pile foundation model 6 is a rigid component.

[0027] The model experiment box 2 also includes a fixed crossbeam; the intelligent control vibration loading module includes an exciter loading head 3 and an exciter control cabinet 4. The exciter loading head 3 is nested on the fixed crossbeam, and the exciter loading head 3 is connected to the exciter control cabinet 4. The exciter control cabinet 4 is used to control the exciter loading head 3 to knock the subway train track plate model to vibrate the subway railway foundation model, causing the experimental soil 7 to slide into the karst structure model 1 to form a karst collapse pit.

[0028] In actual use, the vibration exciter control cabinet 4 is located in the centrifuge navigation room and fixed to the centrifuge arm. The vibration exciter control cabinet 4 is connected to the centrifuge circuit board in the centrifuge navigation room. The vibration system control box is in the centrifuge control room. The power cable extending from the voltage protector is connected to the aviation plug of the centrifuge, thereby connecting the vibration system control box to the centrifuge circuit board, and the centrifuge circuit board is connected to the servo motor of the centrifuge. During the test, the experimenter controls the servo motor of the centrifuge and the amplitude and frequency of the vibration exciter loading head 3 through the vibration system box in the centrifuge control room.

[0029] The deep karst collapse centrifuge test model also includes a support plate, which simulates the bedrock according to the similarity criterion. The support plate is arranged inside the model test box 2, the entrance of the karst structure model 1 is spliced ​​with the support plate, and the experimental soil body 7 is located above the support plate.

[0030] The multi-source data sensor module is embedded in different positions of the experimental soil 7 to record data related to collapse and soil deformation during the formation of the karst collapse pit. The data related to collapse and soil deformation include the internal pressure value of the experimental soil, the pore water pressure value, the position of the upper surface of the experimental soil and the soil deformation value of the experimental soil.

[0031] The multi-source data sensor module includes a laser displacement sensor 12, a plurality of soil pressure sensors 8, a plurality of pore water pressure sensors 9, a plurality of flexible sensors 11 and a plurality of endoscopes 10. The laser displacement sensor 12 is fixed on a fixed crossbeam, and is used to record the position of the upper surface of the experimental soil body 7 during the formation of the karst collapse pit; the plurality of endoscopes 10 are arranged on the pile foundation model 6, and are used to photograph the process of internal collapse of the experimental soil body 7 during the formation of the karst collapse pit; the plurality of soil pressure sensors 8, a plurality of pore water pressure sensors 9 and a plurality of flexible sensors 11 are arranged in different strata of the experimental soil body 7, and are located below the roadbed cap model 5, the soil pressure sensor 8 is used to record the internal pressure value of the experimental soil body 7 during the formation of the karst collapse pit, the pore water pressure sensor 9 is used to record the pore water pressure value of the experimental soil body 7 during the formation of the karst collapse pit, and the flexible sensor 11 is used to record the soil deformation value of the experimental soil body 7 during the formation of the karst collapse pit.

[0032] In an exemplary embodiment, a soil pressure sensor 8, a pore water pressure sensor 9 and a flexible sensor 11 are set in the stratum of the experimental soil at a first preset distance below the roadbed cap model 5; the soil pressure sensor 8, the pore water pressure sensor 9 and the flexible sensor 11 are set in the stratum at an intermediate position below the roadbed cap model 5 and above the support plate; and the soil pressure sensor 8, the pore water pressure sensor 9 and the flexible sensor 11 are set in the stratum at a second preset distance above the support plate.

[0033] Taking the karst collapse in a certain area as an example, a deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing was built in the area to simulate the process of karst collapse, which specifically includes the following steps: S1: According to the karst survey report of the area, the karst collapse pits formed in the area are mostly circular or elliptical in plan, with a diameter of 2m~10m in general and a maximum of 25m in diameter. The karst caves are mainly buried at a depth of 20m, with a dip angle of 30°~70°.

[0034] Therefore, in the experimental simulation, the plane shape of the 3D printed karst structure model is circular, and the gravity acceleration of the centrifuge is positioned at 100G. Therefore, the diameter of the karst collapse pit is selected as 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m, and 5m. After the scale is reduced to 1:100, it is 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, and 5cm. The height is 20cm, and the inclination angle of the karst structure model is designed to be 30°, 45°, 60°, etc.

[0035] S2: In order to reproduce the difference in the sliding process of the soil in the region in karst caves with different diameters, a support plate was used to separate the experimental soil and the karst structure model. According to the strength similarity criterion, aluminum alloy material was selected to simulate the bedrock to make the support plate in this experiment. Then, the cave entrances of the karst structure model with diameters of 1 cm, 2 cm, 3 cm, 4 cm, and 5 cm were prefabricated on the support plate, and the printed karst structure model was spliced ​​with the cave entrance on the support plate.

[0036] S3: A polytetrafluoroethylene film is laid around the model test box to prevent the experimental soil from sticking to the inner wall of the model test box. The experimental soil is sandy silt. The experimental soil is taken from the site of the karst collapse pit in the area, dried outdoors, and crushed indoors to form soil powder through a 2mm sieve. According to the actual target moisture content of the experimental soil, the dry soil powder and water are weighed and mixed with a stirrer. The surface of the mixed wet soil is covered with plastic wrap and placed to make the moisture content of the experimental soil uniform; the experimental soil is filled into the model test box in layers, and compacted in different areas with a flat plate, and a level meter is used to check whether the filling surface of each layer is flat; the surface of the filled model test box is wrapped with plastic wrap and left to stand to make the moisture fully uniform.

[0037] S4: During the layered filling process, soil pressure sensors, pore water pressure sensors, and flexible sensors are installed layer by layer in three layers, and finally laser displacement sensors are installed.

[0038] S5: Press the pile foundation model into place, and regard the support plate as the bearing layer. Then the bottom of the pile foundation model is considered to be pressed into place when it contacts the support plate. Then the top of the pile foundation model is fixedly connected to the roadbed cap model by bolts, and a subway train track plate model is laid above the roadbed cap. The exciter loading head and the exciter control cabinet are fixed to the fixed beam and the centrifuge arm respectively, and the lines are connected to realize remote control of the loading frequency and amplitude.

[0039] S6: Use a gantry crane to hang the model test box on the end of the centrifuge basket. Since the acceleration of the centrifuge set up in the test is 100G, it is necessary to adjust the mass of the weight at the counterweight end in combination with the weight of the model test box and the acceleration of the running centrifuge.

[0040] S7: According to relevant literature, the dynamic stress amplitude of the soil at the bottom of the tunnel in this area is between 20kPa and 40kPa (30kPa±10kPa), and the vibration of the subway train includes a high-frequency section [2.4-2.6Hz] and a low-frequency section [0.4-0.6Hz]. Therefore, the dynamic stress amplitude of the exciter loading head hitting the subway train track plate model is set to 20kPa, 30kPa, and 40kPa, and the frequency is 0.5Hz, 1.5Hz, and 2.5Hz.

[0041] S8: The soil pressure sensor, pore water pressure sensor and laser sensor are cleared, the acceleration is adjusted to the rotation speed corresponding to 100G, and the centrifuge is started to vibrate the subway foundation model, causing the experimental soil to slide into the karst structure model to form a karst collapse pit, thereby simulating the process of deep karst collapse induced by subway vibration in the area, and recording the data related to the collapse and soil deformation during the formation of the karst collapse pit.

[0042] 1) The deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing proposed in this application can accurately replicate the complexity and details of the geological structure, including the shape, size, distribution of the karst structure, and the heterogeneity and fracture network of the surrounding rock mass, making the deep karst collapse centrifuge test model closer to the real geological environment and more accurately simulating the complex physical process of how subway vibration propagates through the strata and induces deep karst collapse, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0043] 2) The deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing proposed in this application can easily produce multiple karst structure models with the same or different parameters, which is convenient for conducting multiple groups of comparative tests to explore the impact of subway vibration on karst collapse under different conditions. At the same time, the karst structure model design can be flexibly adjusted according to research needs.

[0044] 3) The deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing proposed in this application can significantly reduce material waste and processing time, and reduce the cost of karst structure model production. At the same time, due to the accuracy and repeatability of the karst structure model, it can more effectively utilize test resources and improve research efficiency.

[0045] 4) The deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing proposed in this application uses an exciter loading head to strike the subway train track plate model to make the subway railway foundation model vibrate, thereby simulating the vibration generated during the operation of the subway. It can more realistically reproduce the vibration characteristics of the subway during operation, including the frequency and amplitude of the vibration, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of the test results.

[0046] 5) The deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing proposed in this application can obtain multi-source data by deploying multiple sensors, which provides a valuable scientific basis for in-depth understanding of the karst collapse mechanism, evaluating the vibration risk of subway train operation and formulating effective prevention and control measures.

[0047] In an exemplary embodiment, the present application provides a deep karst collapse centrifugal test method based on 3D printing, including: Step 101, hoisting the deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing on the basket end of the centrifuge, and setting the corresponding weight mass of the centrifuge counterweight end.

[0048] Step 102, controlling the vibration of the subway foundation model in the deep karst collapse centrifuge test model to cause the experimental soil to slide into the karst structure model to form a karst collapse pit, thereby simulating the process of subway vibration-induced deep karst collapse.

[0049] Step 103, recording data related to collapse and soil deformation during the formation of the karst collapse pit.

[0050] Those skilled in the art can understand that all or part of the processes in the above-mentioned embodiment methods can be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program, and the computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed, it can include the processes of the embodiments of the above-mentioned methods. Among them, any reference to the memory, database or other medium used in the embodiments provided in this application can include at least one of non-volatile and volatile memory. Non-volatile memory can include read-only memory (ROM), magnetic tape, floppy disk, flash memory, optical memory, high-density embedded non-volatile memory, resistive random access memory (ReRAM), magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM), ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM), phase change memory (PCM), graphene memory, etc. Volatile memory can include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory, etc. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM may be in various forms, such as Static Random Access Memory (SRAM) or Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM).

[0051] The database involved in each embodiment provided in this application may include at least one of a relational database and a non-relational database. The non-relational database may include a distributed database based on blockchain, etc., but is not limited thereto. The processor involved in each embodiment provided in this application may be a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit, a graphics processor, a digital signal processor, a programmable logic device, a data processing logic device based on quantum computing, etc., but is not limited thereto.

[0052] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0053] This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of this application, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting this application.

Claims

1. A deep karst collapse centrifugal test model based on 3D printing, characterized in that: The deep karst collapse centrifugal test model based on 3D printing includes: a model test box, a karst structure model, a subway foundation model, an intelligent control vibration loading module and a multi-source data sensor module; The karst structure model is obtained by 3D printing according to the shape, inclination and density of the physical karst structure in the area to be studied; the karst structure model is arranged at the inner bottom of the model experiment box; the interior of the model experiment box is filled with an experimental soil body, the experimental soil body is located above the karst structure model, and the subway foundation model is fixed in the experimental soil body; The intelligent control vibration loading module is used to control the vibration of the subway foundation model, so that the experimental soil slides into the karst structure model to form a karst collapse pit; The multi-source data sensor modules are embedded in different positions of the experimental soil and are used to record data related to collapse and soil deformation during the formation of the karst collapse pit.

2. The deep karst collapse centrifugal test model based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The model experiment box includes an inner box and an outer box, the inner box is arranged inside the outer box, organic glass is arranged between the side walls of the inner box and the outer box, the karst structure model is arranged at the inner bottom of the inner box, and the experimental soil is filled inside the inner box and is located above the karst structure model.

3. The deep karst collapse centrifugal test model based on 3D printing according to claim 2, characterized in that: The inner side wall of the inner box is provided with a polytetrafluoroethylene film.

4. The deep karst collapse centrifugal test model based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The subway subgrade model includes a subgrade cap model and a plurality of pile foundation models; A subway train track slab model is laid above the roadbed cap model, the roadbed cap model is located on the upper surface of the experimental soil body, each of the pile foundation models is fixedly connected to the roadbed cap model, and each of the pile foundation models is fixed in the experimental soil body.

5. The deep karst collapse centrifugal test model based on 3D printing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pile foundation model is a rigid component.

6. The deep karst collapse centrifugal test model based on 3D printing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The subway train track plate model is a steel plate.

7. The deep karst collapse centrifugal test model based on 3D printing according to claim 4, characterized in that: The model experiment box also includes a fixed crossbeam; the intelligent control vibration loading module includes an exciter loading head and an exciter control cabinet; The exciter loading head is nested on the fixed crossbeam, and the exciter loading head is connected to the exciter control cabinet. The exciter control cabinet is used to control the exciter loading head to strike the subway train track plate model to make the subway railway foundation model vibrate, causing the experimental soil to slide into the karst structure model to form a karst collapse pit.

8. The deep karst collapse centrifugal test model based on 3D printing according to claim 7, characterized in that: The data related to collapse and soil deformation include the internal pressure value of the test soil, the pore water pressure value, the position of the upper surface of the test soil and the soil deformation value of the test soil; The multi-source data sensor module includes: a laser displacement sensor, a plurality of soil pressure sensors, a plurality of pore water pressure sensors, a plurality of flexible sensors and a plurality of endoscopes; The laser displacement sensor is fixed on the fixed crossbeam and is used to record the position of the upper surface of the experimental soil body during the formation of the karst collapse pit; A plurality of endoscopes are arranged on the pile foundation model to photograph the process of internal collapse of the experimental soil body during the formation of the karst collapse pit; A plurality of soil pressure sensors, a plurality of pore water pressure sensors and a plurality of flexible sensors are arranged in different strata of the experimental soil and are located below the roadbed cap model. The soil pressure sensor is used to record the internal pressure value of the experimental soil during the formation of the karst collapse pit. The pore water pressure sensor is used to record the pore water pressure value of the experimental soil during the formation of the karst collapse pit. The flexible sensor is used to record the soil deformation value of the experimental soil during the formation of the karst collapse pit.

9. The deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The deep karst collapse centrifugal test model also includes a support plate, which is arranged inside the model test box. The entrance of the karst structure model is spliced ​​with the support plate, and the experimental soil is located above the support plate.

10. A deep karst collapse centrifugal test method based on 3D printing, characterized in that: The deep karst collapse centrifugal test method based on 3D printing includes: The deep karst collapse centrifuge test model based on 3D printing according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is hoisted at the end of the centrifuge basket, and the corresponding weight mass of the centrifuge counterweight end is set; Controlling the vibration of the subway foundation model in the deep karst collapse centrifugal test model to cause the experimental soil to slide into the karst structure model to form a karst collapse pit, thereby simulating the process of subway vibration-induced deep karst collapse; Data related to collapse and soil deformation during the formation of the karst collapse pit are recorded.

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