A sub-pixel controlled three-dimensional light field display system based on an arrayed waveguide

Abstract

The present invention discloses a sub-pixel regulation three-dimensional light field display system based on an arrayed optical waveguide, which relates to the technical field of three-dimensional light field display. It includes a waveguide layer and a light control layer from the inside to the outside; the light control layer includes a plurality of microstructures; the waveguide layer is used to confine light to propagate inside it; wherein light enters from at least one side of the waveguide layer and enters the microstructures at the contact positions between the waveguide layer and the microstructures; the microstructures are used to make the light entering them totally reflect outward on their inner walls, generating a converging effect on the light, and then converging to form a point light source or a line light source on the outside of the microstructures and emitting towards the display panel to achieve three-dimensional light field display; or making the light entering them directly irradiate to the display panel, and then forming a ring-shaped, arc-shaped or strip-shaped light-emitting area on the outside of the microstructures to achieve three-dimensional light field display. The present invention greatly improves the clarity of three-dimensional display devices; at the same time, the light control effect can be adjusted by adjusting the microstructures, which can be adapted to different display scenarios.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of three-dimensional light field display, and particularly to a sub-pixel regulated three-dimensional light field display system based on an array optical waveguide. Background Art

[0002] Three-dimensional light field display technology is an advanced display technology that can provide the spatial depth information of an object, bringing a more real and immersive experience to users. This technology can reconstruct the real light field distribution of a three-dimensional scene, achieving a three-dimensional display effect with full parallax, true color, and correct depth information, and is considered one of the most promising three-dimensional display technologies.

[0003] The working principle of existing three-dimensional light field display technology is as follows:

[0004] 1. Light field acquisition: First, the direction and intensity of each light ray in the scene are captured through a sensor array or a lens array. These light rays carry color (wavelength), direction, and intensity information, constituting the light field.

[0005] 2. Light field processing: The captured light field information is converted into a two-dimensional light field map, which contains all the information when observing an object from each position and direction. The computer extracts the corresponding light rays from the light field map according to the viewpoint position and direction of the user.

[0006] 3. Light field presentation: The extracted light rays are focused onto the corresponding viewpoints through a lens array to generate corresponding images. Due to the effect of the lens array, each eye can see different images, thus achieving a naked-eye 3D effect.

[0007] Since the light field presentation of the existing three-dimensional light field display technology first lights up the entire display panel and then uses the refraction and deflection effect of the cylindrical lens structure to project the information to the corresponding position, it is difficult for the existing technology to perform sub-pixel regulation, resulting in an unsatisfactory display effect.

[0008] In addition, the existing technology uses lenses to converge to form a light source, which requires a direct-down collimated light source. The formed point light source or line light source is formed on the focal plane. Such a structure is relatively thick itself, and currently, the collimated light source with good collimation has a large volume. If a part of the collimation is sacrificed to reduce the structure volume, the spot size of the formed point light source or line light source will increase. Summary of the Invention

[0009] Aiming at the above deficiencies in the prior art, the sub-pixel regulated three-dimensional light field display system based on an array optical waveguide provided by the present invention solves the problem that the light field presentation effect of the existing three-dimensional light field display technology is difficult to perform sub-pixel regulation, resulting in an unsatisfactory display effect.

[0010] To achieve the above-mentioned invention object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0011] Provide a sub-pixel regulated three-dimensional light field display system based on an arrayed optical waveguide, which includes an optical waveguide layer and a light control layer from the inside to the outside; the light control layer includes a plurality of microstructures;

[0012] The optical waveguide layer is used to confine light to propagate inside it; wherein light enters from at least one side of the optical waveguide layer and enters the microstructures from the contact positions between the optical waveguide layer and the microstructures;

[0013] The microstructures are used to make the light entering them totally reflect outward on their inner walls, generating a converging effect on the light, and then converging to form point light sources or line light sources on the outer surface of the microstructures and emitting them towards the display panel to achieve three-dimensional light field display; or making the light entering them directly irradiate to the display panel, and then forming a ring-shaped, arc-shaped or strip-shaped light-emitting area on the outer surface of the microstructures to achieve three-dimensional light field display.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This system controls the light emission of sub-pixel parts through the optical waveguide layer and the microstructures, and then realizes sub-pixel light control. When viewing the screen at the viewing position, the area size seen in each light control area will be smaller than that of the sub-pixel, greatly improving the clarity of the three-dimensional display device; at the same time, the light control effect can be adjusted by adjusting the microstructures, which can adapt to different display scenarios. And this system uses the side light incident method and the cooperation of the optical waveguide layer and the microstructures, which can further reduce the sizes of the point and line light sources, making them smaller than the existing directly emitting point and line light sources, and the light uniformity can be optimized.

[0015] Further, the microstructures are pasted to the optical waveguide layer through an adhesive layer; the adhesive layer uses an OCA adhesive with a thickness less than or equal to 50 μm.

[0016] Further, the light control layer further includes a substrate, the substrate is arranged outside the microstructures, and there is an air gap between the substrate and the adhesive layer; the light entering the substrate from the microstructures escapes from the substrate surface.

[0017] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are as follows: The OCA adhesive with a thickness less than or equal to 50 μm can, on the basis of reducing the occupation of the space of this display system, cooperate with the substrate to fix the positions of the microstructures, improving the stability of this display system. In addition, the air gap setting can prevent the light entering the optical waveguide layer from directly escaping from the places where the optical waveguide layer is not in contact with the microstructures, which is beneficial to ensuring the light source brightness.

[0018] Further, the light source for providing light to the optical waveguide layer is an LED lamp bead, and the light-emitting angle of a single LED lamp bead is greater than or equal to 120°; the optical waveguide layer uses a light-transmitting material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.5.

[0019] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The light-emitting angle of a single LED lamp bead is greater than or equal to 120°, and the waveguide layer is made of a light-transmitting material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.5, which can make the maximum angle of the light propagating in the waveguide layer equal to the critical angle of total reflection, restricting the light to propagate inside it.

[0020] Further, the side of the micro-structure away from the waveguide layer is a plane, the micro-structure is strip-shaped, the cross-sectional contour of the micro-structure is a parabola, a quasi-parabola, a circle or an ellipse, and the aspect ratio of a single micro-structure is less than 0.5, so that the light entering the micro-structure directly exits the micro-structure and forms a strip-shaped light-emitting area on the outer surface of the micro-structure; when the light enters from one side of the waveguide layer, a strip-shaped light-emitting area is formed on the outer surface of the micro-structure; when the light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer, two strip-shaped light-emitting areas are formed on the outer surface of the micro-structure, and the light beams emitted by the two strip-shaped light-emitting areas form large-angle strip-shaped light beams with the corresponding micro-structures.

[0021] Further, when the light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer and adjacent micro-structures control light in a staggered manner, the maximum angle between the large-angle strip-shaped light beam generated by a single micro-structure and the normal of the light control layer, the minimum angle between the large-angle strip-shaped light beam generated by a single micro-structure and the normal of the light control layer, and the arrangement distance between two adjacent micro-structures are respectively:

[0022]

[0023]

[0024]

[0025] where is the width of the area on the display panel controlled by a beam of light generated by the micro-structure; is the distance between the display panel and the light control layer; is the arctangent function; when , , all the light beams emitted from the micro-structures in the light control layer light up all the display units of the display panel without interference;

[0026] When the light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer and adjacent micro-structures do not control light in a staggered manner, the maximum angle between the large-angle strip-shaped light beam generated by a single micro-structure and the normal of the light control layer, the minimum angle between the large-angle strip-shaped light beam generated by a single micro-structure and the normal of the light control layer, and the arrangement distance between two adjacent micro-structures are respectively:

[0027]

[0028]

[0029]

[0030] wherein is the tangent function; when , , , all the light beams emitted from the microstructure in the light control layer light up the corresponding display units of the display panel in an adjacent manner without interference.

[0031] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The light entering the light control layer from the waveguide layer, after entering the microstructure, is not blocked by the side wall of the microstructure and directly exits from the surface in a large-angle form inside the microstructure, and can form a circular, arc-shaped or strip-shaped light-emitting area outside the surface of the microstructure, meeting different three-dimensional light field display requirements; moreover, the pattern of the light-emitting area formed by a single microstructure is not affected by the volume size of the microstructure, but only affected by the surface shape design of the microstructure itself and the contact area between the microstructure and the adhesive layer (the contact area between the microstructure and the adhesive layer can be regarded as the size of the coupling area. The larger the coupling area, the more light enters the microstructure and the larger the beam width), which simplifies the design of the microstructure. At the same time, through special constraint relationships, the display units on the display panel can be divided into multiple display sub-regions with the same shape as the light-emitting area, so that each display sub-region can display a certain amount of image information and corresponds to a unique large-angle strip-shaped light beam, and the display sub-regions do not overlap each other. Inside each display sub-region, according to the construction principle of spatial voxels, the image information is arranged, and using the large-angle light beam emitted by this display system, the image information at different positions in the display sub-region is projected onto different positions in space, so that at each spatial position, partial image information from multiple display sub-regions is received simultaneously. At this time, at each spatial position where the light beam arrives, the correct spatial voxel information can be constructed, and then a correct three-dimensional image that can be viewed by the human eye is formed. The self-light control effect and light control ability of this microstructure are not limited by the volume size, but only affected by the surface shape, so it has the characteristic of being able to flexibly adjust the light control position. The distance between the microstructures and the light control ability of a single microstructure can be designed and processed on the same substrate with different surface shape parameters according to actual light control requirements, and the arrangement positions of these microstructures on the substrate can be flexibly adjusted. For the display area with a large demand for spatial information, microstructures with a larger light control range can be used, and the distance between it and other surrounding microstructures can be increased, so that the light beam emitted by this microstructure can cover a larger display panel area and carry more light field information displayed on the display panel, providing sufficient information for constructing complex voxels.

[0032] Further, the side of the microstructure away from the waveguide layer is a plane, and the side of the microstructure facing the waveguide layer is a paraboloid, quasi-paraboloid, spherical surface or ellipsoidal surface. The aspect ratio of a single microstructure is less than 0.5. When light enters from one side of the waveguide layer, the light entering the microstructure is directly emitted from the microstructure, and an arc-shaped light-emitting region is formed on the outer surface of the microstructure. When light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer, a ring-shaped light-emitting region is formed on the outer surface of the microstructure.

[0033] Further, when light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer and adjacent microstructures are prevented from interfering with each other in light control, the maximum angle between the ring-shaped light-emitting region generated by a single microstructure and the normal of the light control layer, and the minimum angle between the ring-shaped light-emitting region generated by a single microstructure and the normal of the light control layer, as well as the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures are respectively:

[0034]

[0035]

[0036]

[0037] where is the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the ring-shaped light-emitting region; is the distance between the display panel and the light control layer; is the tangent function, is the arctangent function; when 、 、 are satisfied, the ring-shaped light-emitting regions generated by all the microstructures in the light control layer light up the corresponding display units of the display panel without interference.

[0038] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further scheme are as follows: The annular light-emitting region generated by this display system can be used in a 360° sand table display system for multiple viewers. The display device can be placed flat on a table or the ground, and viewers can observe the correct three-dimensional display image around the display. At the same time, through special constraint relationships, the display units on the display panel can be divided into multiple display sub-regions with the same shape as the light-emitting region, so that each display sub-region can display a certain amount of image information and correspond to a unique large-angle ribbon beam, and the display sub-regions do not overlap with each other. Within each display sub-region, according to the principle of constructing spatial voxels, the image information is arranged. Using the large-angle beam emitted by this display system, the image information at different positions in the display sub-region is projected onto different positions in space, so that at each spatial position, partial image information from multiple display sub-regions is received simultaneously. At this time, correct spatial voxel information can be constructed at each spatial position where the beam arrives, and then a correct three-dimensional image that can be viewed by the human eye is formed. The self-light control effect and light control ability of this microstructure are not limited by the volume size, but only affected by the surface shape. Therefore, it has the characteristic of being able to flexibly adjust the light control position. The distance between microstructures and the light control ability of a single microstructure can be designed and processed with different surface shape parameters on the same substrate according to actual light control requirements, and the arrangement positions of these microstructures on the substrate can be flexibly adjusted. For display regions with a large demand for spatial information, microstructures with a larger light control range can be used, and the distance between them and other surrounding microstructures can be increased, so that the beam emitted by this microstructure can cover a larger display panel area and carry more light field information displayed on the display panel, providing sufficient information for constructing complex voxels.

[0039] Further, the side of the microstructure away from the waveguide layer is a plane. The microstructure is dot-shaped or ribbon-shaped, and the cross-sectional contour of the microstructure is a parabola, quasi-parabola, circle or ellipse line. The aspect ratio of a single microstructure is greater than 0.5, so that the light entering the microstructure undergoes total internal reflection on its inner wall, generating a converging effect on the light and forming a point light source or a line light source on the outer surface of the microstructure.

[0040] Further, when light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer, the area range on the display panel controlled by a single microstructure is:

[0041]

[0042] where is the distance between the display panel and the light control layer; is the distance between the side of the microstructure away from the waveguide layer and the converging light source; is the tangent function; is the maximum angle between the light rays emitted by the converging light source and the normal of the light control layer;

[0043] When the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures satisfies , the display panel is fully lit.

[0044] When the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures satisfies , some areas of the display panel are repeatedly lit, and any content is prohibited from being displayed in the repeatedly lit areas.

[0045] When the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures satisfies , some areas of the display panel are not lit.

[0046] Among them and are the area ranges on the display panel controlled by two adjacent microstructures respectively.

[0047] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further solution are as follows: The light entering the microstructure is totally reflected at the inner wall edge of the microstructure and is affected by the light control effect of the microstructure, generating a converging effect, and exiting from the surface of the microstructure to converge and form point and line light sources outside the surface of the microstructure. The size of the light-emitting area generated by a single microstructure is not affected by the volume of the microstructure, but only by the surface shape of the microstructure, thereby meeting the requirements for the light-emitting area in high-quality three-dimensional display. Since the light control effect and light control ability of the microstructure itself are not limited by the volume size, but only by the surface shape, the microstructure has the characteristic of being able to be arranged flexibly. According to the actual light control requirements, on the same substrate, microstructures with different surface shape parameters can be designed and processed as needed, and the arrangement positions of these microstructures on the base layer can be adjusted flexibly. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0048] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of this three-dimensional light field display system;

[0049] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of microstructures with different structures set on the surface of the same substrate;

[0050] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of generating a strip-shaped light-emitting area and a circular light-emitting area on the surface of the same substrate;

[0051] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of generating a large-angle strip-shaped light beam;

[0052] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the light effect when light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer and adjacent microstructures control light in an interleaved manner;

[0053] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the light effect when light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer and adjacent microstructures are prevented from controlling light in an interleaved manner;

[0054] Figure 7Schematic diagram for interleaved light control coding;

[0055] Figure 8 Schematic diagram for non - interleaved coding;

[0056] Figure 9 Schematic diagram for spatial voxel construction;

[0057] Figure 10 Schematic diagram for the light beam propagation path in Embodiment 4;

[0058] Figure 11 Schematic diagram for the light efficiency of the backlight structure of Category 1 in Embodiment 4;

[0059] Figure 12 Schematic diagram for the light efficiency of the backlight structure when the distance between the display panel and the light control layer in Category 2 of Embodiment 4 is appropriate;

[0060] Figure 13 Schematic diagram for the light efficiency of the backlight structure when the distance between the display panel and the light control layer in Category 2 of Embodiment 4 is relatively far;

[0061] Figure 14 Schematic diagram for the light efficiency of the backlight structure when the distance between the display panel and the light control layer in Category 2 of Embodiment 4 is relatively close;

[0062] Figure 15 Schematic diagram for the system with closely arranged coding regions in Embodiment 4;

[0063] Figure 16 Schematic diagram for the system with black parts in the coding region in Embodiment 4;

[0064] Figure 17 Schematic diagram for the system with different - sized coding regions in Embodiment 4.

[0065] Wherein: 1. Waveguide layer; 2. Adhesive layer; 3. Microstructure; 4. Substrate. Detailed implementation manners

[0066] The following describes the detailed implementation manners of the present invention to facilitate those skilled in the art of this technology to understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the detailed implementation manners. For those ordinary skilled in the art of this technology, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention defined and determined by the appended claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions created using the concept of the present invention are within the scope of protection.

[0067] Embodiment 1:

[0068] As Figure 1 shown, the sub - pixel - regulated three - dimensional light field display system based on an arrayed optical waveguide includes a waveguide layer 1 and a light control layer from the inside to the outside; the light control layer includes a plurality of microstructures 3;

[0069] The waveguide layer 1 is used to confine light to propagate inside it; wherein the light enters from at least one side of the waveguide layer 1 and enters the microstructure 3 from the contact position between the waveguide layer 1 and the microstructure 3.

[0070] The microstructure 3 is used to make the light entering it totally reflect outward on its inner wall, generating a converging effect on the light, and then converging to form a point light source or a line light source on the surface of the microstructure 3 and emitting it towards the display panel to achieve three-dimensional light field display; or making the light entering it directly irradiate to the display panel, and then forming a ring-shaped, arc-shaped or strip-shaped light-emitting area on the surface of the microstructure 3 to achieve three-dimensional light field display.

[0071] In this embodiment, the microstructure 3 is pasted to the waveguide layer 1 through the adhesive layer 2; the adhesive layer 2 uses an OCA adhesive with a thickness less than or equal to 50 μm. The light control layer further includes a substrate 4, and the substrate 4 is arranged outside the microstructure 3, and there is an air gap between the substrate 4 and the adhesive layer 2; the light entering the substrate 4 from the microstructure 3 escapes from the surface of the substrate 4. The light source providing light for the waveguide layer 1 is an LED lamp bead, and the light-emitting angle of a single LED lamp bead is greater than or equal to 120° (that is, the divergence angle is greater than or equal to 60°), and the thickness of the LED lamp bead should be thinner than the thickness of the waveguide layer 1.

[0072] The refractive index of the material determines the total reflection angle of light propagating in the material. Let the divergence angle of the lamp bead light beam be , and at this time the light-emitting angle is , the refractive index of the waveguide material is , then the total reflection critical angle of the waveguide material , and at this time it should satisfy . In this embodiment, the waveguide layer 1 uses a light-transmitting material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.5. However, it should be noted that the light-emitting angle of a single LED lamp bead being greater than or equal to 120° and the waveguide layer 1 using a light-transmitting material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.5 are restricted to improve the uniformity of the light source brightness formed by coupling at various angles and ensure the backlight structure effect. Even if the corresponding parameters are not within this range, three-dimensional display can still be achieved.

[0073] This system controls the light emission of sub-pixel parts through the waveguide layer 1 and the microstructure 3, and then realizes sub-pixel light control. When viewing the screen at the viewing position, the area size seen in each light control area will be smaller than that of the sub-pixels, greatly improving the clarity of the three-dimensional display device; at the same time, the light control effect can be adjusted by adjusting the microstructure 3, which can adapt to different display scenarios. And this system uses the side-lighting method and the cooperation of the waveguide layer 1 and the microstructure 3, which can further reduce the size of the point and line light sources, making them smaller than the existing directly emitting point and line light sources, and the light uniformity can be optimized.

[0074] When pasting, the waveguide layer 1, the adhesive layer 2, and the light control layer are sequentially pasted and connected by extrusion. When two layers of optical structures are pasted, the microstructures 3 in the light control layer are pasted and connected to the waveguide layer 1 through the adhesive layer 2, while the substrate 4 does not contact the adhesive layer 2. In this embodiment, the microstructures 3 are processed on the substrate 4 and protrude from the substrate 4, so that a structure with air discontinuities can be formed between the waveguide layer 1 and the light control layer. In this structure, light can pass through the area where the microstructures 3 are pasted to the waveguide layer 1, enter the microstructures 3 from the waveguide layer 1, and then enter the substrate 4 and escape from the surface of the base; while in the air discontinuity area where the waveguide layer 1 is not in contact with the light control layer, the light in the waveguide layer 1 will be totally reflected back into the waveguide layer 1.

[0075] In the light control layer, the microstructures 3 are discontinuous, and the individual microstructures 3 are not connected to each other. Each individual microstructure 3 has a flat and smooth surface that fits closely to the substrate 4. Except for this flat and smooth surface, the remaining surfaces of the microstructures 3 are optically designed for the characteristics of this system.

[0076] As Figure 2 and Figure 3 shown, in this embodiment, microstructures 3 with different structures can be provided on the surface of the same substrate 4, so that the same three-dimensional light field display system has display areas (light sources) with different shapes.

[0077] Embodiment Two:

[0078] This embodiment is a further extension based on Embodiment One. Specifically, the side of the microstructure 3 away from the waveguide layer 1 is a plane, the microstructure 3 is strip-shaped, the cross-sectional profile of the microstructure 3 is a parabola, a quasi-parabola, a circle or an ellipse, and the aspect ratio of each individual microstructure 3 is less than 0.5, so that the light entering the microstructure 3 is directly emitted from the microstructure 3 and a strip-shaped light-emitting area is formed on the outer surface of the microstructure 3; as Figure 4 shown, when light enters from one side of the waveguide layer 1, a strip-shaped light-emitting area is formed on the outer surface of the microstructure 3; when light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer 1, two strip-shaped light-emitting areas are formed on the outer surface of the microstructure 3, and the light beams emitted by the two strip-shaped light-emitting areas form large-angle strip-shaped light beams with the corresponding microstructures 3.

[0079] When light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer 1 and adjacent microstructures 3 control light alternately, the maximum angle between the large-angle strip-shaped light beam generated by each individual microstructure 3 and the normal of the light control layer, and the minimum angle between the large-angle strip-shaped light beam generated by each individual microstructure 3 and the normal of the light control layer, and the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures 3

[0080]

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] wherein is the width of the area on the display panel controlled by a beam of light generated by the microstructure 3; is the distance between the display panel and the light control layer; is the arctangent function; when and all the light beams emitted from the microstructure 3 in the light control layer light up all the display units of the display panel without interference;

[0084] When light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer 1 and adjacent microstructures 3 avoid cross-interference in light control, the maximum angle between the large-angle strip beam generated by a single microstructure 3 and the normal of the light control layer, and the minimum angle between the large-angle strip beam generated by a single microstructure 3 and the normal of the light control layer, and the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures 3 are respectively:

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] wherein is the tangent function; when and and all the light beams emitted from the microstructure 3 in the light control layer light up the corresponding display units of the display panel in an adjacent manner without interference.

[0089] In this embodiment, the curvature of the surface of the microstructure 3 determines the exit angle of the light beam after total internal reflection when the light beam enters the microstructure 3. Therefore, when the surface of the microstructure 3 remains unchanged, that is, the curvature does not change, the angle of the light beam after passing through the microstructure 3 will not change. Since the refractive index of the adhesive layer 2 is close to that of the optical waveguide, the contact area between the microstructure 3 and the adhesive layer 2 can be considered as the size of the coupling region. The larger the coupling region area, the more light enters the microstructure 3 and the larger the beam width. When the side wall of the microstructure 3 does not block the maximum-angle light beam coupled and emitted from the waveguide layer 1, that is, total internal reflection on the side wall of the microstructure 3 is avoided. Therefore, by mainly restricting the height of the microstructure 3 and combining with adjusting the curvature to reduce the bending degree of the side wall of the microstructure 3, total internal reflection of the light beam on the side wall of the microstructure 3 can be avoided.

[0090] Through the above special constraint relationships, the display units on the display panel can be segmented into multiple display sub-regions with the same shape as the light-emitting regions, such that each display sub-region can display a certain amount of image information and corresponds to a unique large-angle ribbon beam, and the display sub-regions do not overlap with each other. Within each display sub-region, according to the principle of constructing spatial voxels, the image information is arranged, and using the large-angle beam emitted by this display system, the image information at different positions in the display sub-region is projected onto different positions in space, such that at each spatial position, partial image information from multiple display sub-regions is received simultaneously. At this time, as Figure 9 shown, at each spatial position where the beam arrives, correct spatial voxel information can be constructed, and thus a correct three-dimensional image that can be viewed by the human eye is formed.

[0091] In this embodiment, for a possible structure, the thickness of the waveguide layer 1 is , the thickness of the glue layer 2 is , the height of the microstructure 3 is , and the width is , meeting the requirement that the aspect ratio of the microstructure 3 is less than 0.5. At this time, through surface optimization, a large-angle ribbon light source array with an angle between the normal of the light control layer in the range of to is obtained. The microstructure 3 is arranged on the substrate 4 with a period of , and the display panel is placed at a position with a distance from the light control layer, and a lit region with a width of can be obtained on the display panel. Moreover, in this case, the conditions of , , are satisfied. As Figure 5 shown, there is no situation where the same display unit on the display panel is lit by the beams emitted by the microstructures 3 at two places. At this time, the coded sub-regions are ribbon-shaped regions with a width of that are closely arranged with each other. If the width of the display unit is , then in the width direction of each coded sub-region, 50 directions of spatial information can be encoded.

[0092] According to the backlight light effect shown in Figure 5 , encoding can be performed on each encodable region on the display panel according to the scheme shown in Figure 7 . As Figure 7 shown, the display units in the B1 region are lit by the beam emitted to the left by the microstructure B in Figure 5 , the display units in the B2 region are lit by the beam emitted to the right by the microstructure B in Figure 5 , and the display units in the middle of the two regions are respectively lit by Figure 5The light beam emitted by the micro-structure A to the right and the light beam emitted by the micro-structure C to the left are lit. This arrangement can fully utilize all the display units in the display panel. To achieve a better display effect, it is preferably to adopt a scheme in which the display units in the same column of adjacent two rows are lit by light beams in different directions, such as Figure 7 In the example shown, between the first row and the second row, the first three column light control units in the first row are lit by the light beam to the left, and the first three column light control units in the second row are lit by the light beam to the right. This arrangement can further reduce the information crosstalk caused by the backlight.

[0093] In this embodiment, for a possible structure, the thickness of the waveguide layer 1 is , the thickness of the glue layer 2 is , the height of the micro-structure 3 is , and the width is , meeting the requirement that the aspect ratio of the micro-structure 3 is less than 0.5. At this time, after surface shape optimization, a large-angle strip light source array with an included angle with the normal of the light control layer between and is obtained. The micro-structure 3 is arranged on the substrate 4 of the light control layer with as the period, and the display panel is placed at a position with a distance from the light control layer, and a lit area with a width of can be obtained on the display panel. And in this case, it meets , , conditions, as shown in Figure 6 , there is no situation where the same display unit on the display panel is lit by the light beams emitted by two micro-structures 3. At this time, the coded sub-regions are arranged on the display panel at intervals, and the interval regions are unlit invalid regions that need to be blacked out. If the width of the display unit is , then 50 directions of spatial information can be encoded in the width direction of each coded sub-region.

[0094] Figure 6 The backlight structure of the type shown enlarges the distance between the micro-structures 3, making the large-angle light beams generated by the micro-structures 3 not interfere with each other, and greatly reducing the information crosstalk. However, since the light beams generated by the micro-structures 3 cannot light the display units directly above on the display panel, it is necessary to black out the unlit display units to prevent incorrect information from being displayed. Since a large number of display units are blacked out in this scheme, the utilization rate of the display units is low, and the resolution of the displayed image may be limited.

[0095] According to the backlight light effect shown in Figure 6 , encoding can be performed on each encodable region on the display panel according to the scheme shown in Figure 8 . As shown in Figure 8 , the display units in the A1 region areFigure 6 The light beam emitted by the micro-structure A to the left is lit up, and the display units in the A2 area are Figure 6 The light beam emitted by the micro-structure A to the right is lit up, and the display units in the middle of the two areas are blacked out. This arrangement will cause some display units to be blacked out. In order to achieve a better display effect and avoid the appearance of black stripes in the displayed image due to adjacent blacked-out areas of the display units in the display panel, it is preferred to adopt a scheme in which the display units in the same column of adjacent rows are lit by light beams in different directions, and the blacked-out areas are isolated, as Figure 8 In the example shown, between the first row and the second row, the first three column light control units in the first row are lit by the light beam to the left, the fourth column light control unit is blacked out, the first two column light control units in the second row are lit by the light beam to the right, and the third column light control unit is blacked out. This arrangement can further reduce the information crosstalk caused by the backlight.

[0096] In specific implementation, Figure 7 and Figure 8 The micro-structures 3 in the first row and the second row in can be misaligned, or the linear micro-structure 3 can be slightly tilted during setting, having a certain deflection angle with the arrangement direction of the sub-pixels, so as to realize the misaligned arranged coded sub-regions. Figure 7 and Figure 8 The widths of the blacked-out areas in are not necessarily equal, and are not necessarily equal to the width of the coded area either, Figure 7 and Figure 8 The new backlight structure in is the three-dimensional light field display system of the present invention.

[0097] Figure 7 and Figure 8 The system coding methods given in are reference schematic methods, and the two methods can be modified according to the actual situation to form a better-performing scheme. For example: based on the staggered light control large-angle backlight display system coding case shown in Figure 7 , by adjusting the surface shape of the micro-structure 3, changing the light effect formed by the light control layer, so as to change the range size of the coded sub-regions; or based on the non-staggered light control large-angle backlight display system coding case shown in Figure 8 , adjusting the position of the blacked-out area.

[0098] In this embodiment, due to the special light effect generated by the large-angle backlight, the light beam generated by the micro-structure 3 cannot light up the display units on the display panel directly above. At this time, the areas on the display panel lit by the light beam generated by the same micro-structure 3 are strip-shaped, and the coded sub-regions will be arranged in sequence on this strip-shaped area.

[0099] In this embodiment, the self-light control effect and light control ability of the microstructure 3 are not limited by the volume size, but only affected by the surface shape. Therefore, it has the characteristic of being able to flexibly adjust the light control position. The distance between the microstructures 3 and the light control ability of a single microstructure 3 can be designed and processed on the same substrate 4 with various surface shape parameters according to the actual light control requirements, and the arrangement positions of these microstructures 3 on the substrate 4 can be flexibly adjusted. For a display area with a large demand for spatial information, microstructures 3 with a larger light control range can be used, and the distance between the surrounding other microstructures 3 and it can be increased, so that the light beam emitted by this microstructure 3 can cover a larger display panel area, carry more light field information displayed on the display panel, and provide sufficient information for constructing complex voxels.

[0100] In the specific implementation process of this embodiment, after the images of the object at different angles are collected, the images are numbered from small to large in sequence from left to right and from top to bottom according to the spatial position of the collected images relative to the object. These images, as the collected image set, provide image information for filling the display units on the display panel.

[0101] For a certain coded sub-region on the display panel, its absolute position can be determined by its distances from the upper border and the left border of the display panel, and the coordinate information of the absolute position is normalized according to the lengths of the upper border and the left border of the display panel to obtain the relative position coordinate information of this coded sub-region on the display panel. In the collected image set, according to the relative position information of the coded sub-region on the display panel, the image information at the same relative position in the collected images is obtained as the source of the image information for filling this coded sub-region, and the image information of each collected image at this relative position is composed into the image information set of this coded sub-region. Within this coded sub-region, taking a point on the lower surface of the substrate 4 in the light control layer as the coordinate origin, the direction of the normal of the light control layer towards the display panel as the positive half-axis of the z-axis, and the lower surface of the substrate 4 as a plane to establish a coordinate system, the angle between the line connecting the center point of the display unit and the center point of the microstructure 3 that lights up the display unit and the plane, plane , , determines the information source of the display unit. It is stipulated that as the , angle increases, the information filled in the display unit should be taken from the collected images with smaller serial numbers and should come from the image information set of this coded sub-region.

[0102] Embodiment Three:

[0103] This embodiment is a further expansion based on Embodiment 1. Specifically, the side of the microstructure 3 away from the waveguide layer 1 is a plane, and the side of the microstructure 3 facing the waveguide layer 1 is a parabolic surface, a quasi-parabolic surface, a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface. The aspect ratio of a single microstructure 3 is less than 0.5. When light enters from one side of the waveguide layer 1, the light entering the microstructure 3 is directly emitted from the microstructure 3, and an arc-shaped light-emitting region is formed on the outer surface of the microstructure 3. When light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer 1, a ring-shaped light-emitting region is formed on the outer surface of the microstructure 3.

[0104] When light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer 1 and adjacent microstructures 3 are prevented from interfering with each other in light control, the maximum angle between the ring-shaped light-emitting region generated by a single microstructure 3 and the normal of the light control layer The constraint relationship, the minimum angle between the ring-shaped light-emitting region generated by a single microstructure 3 and the normal of the light control layer The constraint relationship, and the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures 3 Are respectively:

[0105]

[0106]

[0107]

[0108] Where Is the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the ring-shaped light-emitting region; Is the distance between the display panel and the light control layer; Is the tangent function, Is the arctangent function; when , , , the ring-shaped light-emitting regions generated by all the microstructures 3 in the light control layer light up the corresponding display units of the display panel without interference.

[0109] In this embodiment, due to the special light effect generated by the ring-shaped light-emitting region, the light beam generated by the microstructure 3 cannot light up the display unit directly above on the display panel. At this time, the area on the display panel lit by the light beam generated by the same microstructure 3 is ring-shaped, and the coding sub-regions will be arranged in sequence on this ring-shaped area. To prevent the coding sub-regions from overlapping each other, the distance between the microstructures 3 must be increased so that the large-angle light beams generated by the microstructures 3 do not interfere with each other, or the area lit by multiple large-angle light beams is set to black, and the unlit display units are set to black.

[0110] In the specific implementation process of this embodiment, after acquiring images of the object from different angles, the images are numbered from small to large in sequence from left to right and from top to bottom according to the spatial position of the acquired images relative to the object. These images, as the acquired image set, provide image information for filling the display units on the display panel.

[0111] For a certain encoded sub-region on the display panel, its absolute position can be determined by its distances from the upper border and the left border of the display panel, and the coordinate information of the absolute position is normalized according to the lengths of the upper border and the left border of the display panel to obtain the relative position coordinate information of this encoded sub-region on the display panel. In the acquired image set, according to the relative position information of the encoded sub-region on the display panel, the image information at the same relative position in the acquired images is obtained as the source of the image information for filling this encoded sub-region, and the image information of each acquired image at this relative position forms the image information set of this encoded sub-region. Inside this encoded sub-region, taking a point on the lower surface of the substrate 4 in the light control layer as the coordinate origin, the direction of the normal of the light control layer towards the display panel as the positive half-axis of the z-axis, and the lower surface of the substrate 4 as the plane to establish a coordinate system, the angle between the line connecting the center point of the display unit and the center point of the microstructure 3 that lights up the display unit and the plane, plane , , determines the information source of the display unit. It is stipulated that as the , angle increases, the information filled in the display unit should be taken from the acquired images with smaller serial numbers and should come from the image information set of this encoded sub-region.

[0112] Embodiment Four:

[0113] This embodiment is a further expansion based on Embodiment One. Specifically, as Figure 10 shown, the side of the microstructure 3 away from the waveguide layer 1 is a plane, the microstructure 3 is dot-shaped or strip-shaped, the cross-sectional profile of the microstructure 3 is a parabola, a quasi-parabola, a circle or an ellipse line, and the aspect ratio of a single microstructure 3 is greater than 0.5, so that the light entering the microstructure 3 undergoes total internal reflection on its inner wall, generating a converging effect on the light and forming a point light source or a line light source on the outer surface of the microstructure 3.

[0114] In this embodiment, the light source is set as a side-in type light source, and using the principle of light coupling and output by the optical waveguide, the microstructure 3 is used to converge the light to form a point light source, which can reduce the size of the light-emitting point and is convenient for fabricating a large-scale array.

[0115] When light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer 1, the area range controlled by a single microstructure 3 on the display panel is:

[0116]

[0117] wherein is the distance between the display panel and the light control layer; is the distance between the side of the microstructure away from the waveguide layer and the converged light source; is the tangent function; is the maximum angle between the light rays emitted by the converged light source and the normal of the light control layer, that is, the divergence angle of the converged light source;

[0118] When the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures 3 satisfies the display panel is completely lit, all areas on the display panel are encodable areas, and all display units on the display panel can be used for image encoding;

[0119] When the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures 3 satisfies some display units can be lit by the light sources emitted by the microstructures 3 at different positions. The display units at these positions will be prohibited from displaying any content, and the remaining display units are lit by the light sources emitted by a single microstructure 3, which are called the encodable areas on the display panel. The display image is encoded in the encodable areas of the display panel;

[0120] When the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures 3 satisfies the display units on the display panel will be divided into encodable areas that can be lit by light and invalid areas that cannot be lit between the two microstructures 3. The display image is encoded in the encodable areas of the display panel;

[0121] wherein and are the area ranges on the display panel controlled by two adjacent microstructures 3 respectively.

[0122] In this embodiment, to obtain a high-quality three-dimensional display effect, in the backlight array of the three-dimensional light field display system, the size of a single light-emitting area should be smaller than the size of the smallest display unit in the display panel. The light entering the light control layer from the waveguide layer 1 is totally reflected by the inner wall edge of the microstructure 3 when entering the microstructure 3, and is affected by the light control effect of the microstructure 3 to produce a converging effect, and exits from the surface of the microstructure 3, and converges to form point and line light sources on the surface of the microstructure 3. The size of the light-emitting area generated by a single microstructure 3 is not affected by the volume size of the microstructure 3, but only by the surface shape of the microstructure 3, meeting the requirements for the light-emitting area of high-quality three-dimensional display.

[0123] Since its self-light control effect and light control ability are not limited by the volume size, but only affected by the surface shape, it has the characteristic of being able to arrange positions flexibly. The distance between the microstructures 3 and the light control ability of a single microstructure 3 can be flexibly adjusted according to the information quantity requirement of the voxel in the 3D display, and the surface shape parameters can be designed as needed and arranged at the corresponding positions on the substrate 4. For the display area with a large demand for spatial information, microstructures 3 with a larger light control range can be used, and the distance between it and other surrounding microstructures 3 can be increased, so that the light beam emitted by this microstructure 3 can cover a larger display panel area, carry more light field information displayed on the display panel, and provide sufficient information quantity for constructing complex voxels.

[0124] In the specific implementation process, the backlight arrangement of this 3D light field display system is determined by the arrangement distance of the microstructures 3, the light control effect of the microstructures 3, and the placement position of the display panel. The different light control situations generated can be divided into two categories.

[0125] Category 1: As Figure 11 shown, if the distance between the display panel and the light control layer is less than the distance between the optical structure and the point and line light sources generated by the convergence. In this category, the display units on the display panel will be divided into an encodable area that can be lit by light and an invalid area that cannot be lit between two microstructures 3. The display image will be encoded in the display units within the lit area of the display panel. The display image will be encoded in the display units within the encodable area of the display panel that is lit. According to the different-sized light-emitting areas generated by one or more types of microstructures 3 in the light control layer, all the encodable areas of the display panel that are lit are divided into multiple encoding sub-areas.

[0126] Category 2: If the distance between the display panel and the light control layer is greater than the distance between the optical structure and the point and line light sources generated by the convergence. In this category, the display units on the display panel are divided into three typical situations according to the distance between the display panel and the light control layer:

[0127] As Figure 12 shown, if the distance between the display panel and the light control layer is appropriate, the display panel can be exactly fully lit. At this time, all the display units on the display panel can be used for image encoding. According to the different-sized light-emitting areas generated by one or more types of microstructures 3 in the light control layer, the display panel can be divided into multiple non-overlapping encoding sub-areas. These non-overlapping encoding sub-areas can utilize all the display units on the display panel, or some display units can be left at the adjacent positions of the encoding sub-areas and these display units can be blacked out as the gaps between the encoding sub-areas.

[0128] As Figure 13As shown, if the distance between the display panel and the light control layer is relatively large, some display units in the display panel can be illuminated by the light sources emitted by the microstructures 3 at different positions. In this case, the display units that can be illuminated by multiple light sources cannot display the correct light information that composes the spatial voxels, and the display units at these positions will be prohibited from displaying any content. In the remaining areas of the display panel that can only be illuminated by a single light source, they are called encodable areas. The encodable areas can be divided into multiple encoding sub-areas according to the positions of the light sources.

[0129] As Figure 14 shown, if the distance between the display panel and the light control layer is relatively small, the display units on the display panel will be divided into an encodable area that can be illuminated by light and an invalid area that cannot be illuminated between two microstructures 3. The display image will be encoded by the display units in the illuminated area of the display panel. According to the different-sized light-emitting areas generated by one or more types of microstructures 3 in the light control layer, all the encodable areas on the display panel that are illuminated are divided into multiple encoding sub-areas.

[0130] For the above two categories and various situations included therein, after acquiring images of the object from different angles, according to the spatial position of the acquired images relative to the object, the images are numbered from small to large in sequence from left to right and from top to bottom. These images, as the acquired image set, provide image information for filling the display units on the display panel.

[0131] For a certain encoding sub-area on the display panel, its absolute position can be determined by its distances from the upper border and the left border of the display panel, and according to the lengths of the upper border and the left border of the display panel, the coordinate information of the absolute position is normalized to obtain the relative position coordinate information of this encoding sub-area on the display panel. In the acquired image set, according to the relative position information of the encoding sub-area on the display panel, the image information at the same relative position in the acquired images is obtained as the source of the image information for filling this encoding sub-area, and the image information of each acquired image at this relative position is composed into the image information set of this encoding sub-area. Within this encoding sub-area, taking a point on the lower surface of the substrate 4 in the light control layer as the coordinate origin, the direction of the normal of the light control layer towards the display panel as the positive half-axis of the z-axis, and the lower surface of the substrate 4 layer as the plane to establish a coordinate system, the angle between the line connecting the center point of the display unit and the center point of the microstructure 3 that illuminates the display unit and the plane, the plane and , determines the information source of the display unit. It is stipulated that as and the angles increase, the information filled in the display unit should be taken from the acquired images with smaller serial numbers, and it should come from the image information set of this encoding sub-area.

[0132] For a possible structure, the thickness of the waveguide layer 1 is , the thickness of the glue layer 2 is , the height of the microstructure 3 is , the width is , meeting the requirement that the aspect ratio of the microstructure 3 is greater than 0.5. At this time, through surface shape optimization, a line light source array with a maximum angle with the normal of the light control layer is obtained. The distance between the flat and smooth surface of the microstructure 3 and the generated point and line light sources is , and the arrangement distance of the microstructure 3 is . At this time, the display panel is placed at a distance from the light control layer. The microstructure 3 controls the area range on the display panel, and the arrangement distance of the microstructure 3 is , meeting , and the display panel is exactly fully lit by the line light source array. Then, according to the light control effect, a coding method as shown in Figure 15 is given. Figure 15 shows a system coding method in which the coding areas on the display panel are closely arranged with each other. In this coding method, the light beam emitted by one microstructure 3 can control the information in 21 directions, and the areas controlled by the microstructure 3 do not overlap with each other and are closely arranged together.

[0133] For a possible structure, the thickness of the waveguide layer 1 is , the thickness of the glue layer 2 is , the height of the microstructure 3 is , the width is , meeting the requirement that the aspect ratio of the microstructure 3 is greater than 0.5. At this time, through surface shape optimization, a line light source array with a maximum angle with the normal of the light control layer is obtained. The distance between the flat and smooth surface of the microstructure 3 and the generated point and line light sources is , and the arrangement distance of the microstructure 3 is . At this time, the display panel is placed at a distance from the light control layer. The microstructure 3 controls the area range on the display panel, and the arrangement distance of the microstructure 3 is , meeting , and some display units can be lit by the light sources emitted by the microstructures 3 at different positions. Then, according to the light control effect, a coding method as shown in Figure 16 is given. Figure 16 shows a system coding method in which there are non - codable parts between the coding areas on the display panel. In this coding method, the non - codable areas on the display panel are directly set black, thus avoiding displaying information at these positions and ensuring that each microstructure 3 can independently control all the information within its corresponding coded sub - area. As shown in Figure 16As shown, the light beam emitted by a microstructure 3 can independently control information in 18 directions.

[0134] For a possible structure, the thickness of the waveguide layer 1 is , the thickness of the glue layer 2 is , the height of the microstructure 3 is , and the width is , meeting the requirement that the aspect ratio of the microstructure 3 is greater than 0.5. At this time, after surface shape optimization, line light source arrays with the maximum angles , with the normal of the light control layer are obtained respectively. The distances between the flat and smooth surfaces of the two microstructures 3 and the generated point and line light sources are , respectively. The two microstructures 3 are arranged alternately, and the arrangement distance of the microstructure 3. At this time, the display panel is placed at a distance from the light control layer, and the area ranges , on the display panel controlled by the microstructure 3, and the arrangement distance of the microstructure 3, meeting , and there are some display units that cannot be lit by the light source emitted by the microstructure 3. Then, according to the light control effect, the coding method as shown in Figure 17 is given. Figure 17 shows a coding category with different coding area sizes on the display panel. This coding method can arrange microstructures 3 with different light control effects together. Since there are some unlit invalid positions on the display panel at this time, as shown in Figure 17 , these invalid positions on the display panel can be directly set to black. At this time, the light beam emitted by the microstructure 3 with the light output angle can independently control information in 18 directions, and the light beam emitted by the microstructure 3 with the light output angle can independently control information in 15 directions.

Claims

1. A sub-pixel controlled three-dimensional light field display system based on an arrayed waveguide, characterized in that It includes a waveguide layer and a light control layer from the inside to the outside; the light control layer includes a number of microstructures; The waveguide layer is used to confine light to propagate inside it; wherein light enters from at least one side of the waveguide layer and enters the microstructures from the contact positions between the waveguide layer and the microstructures; The microstructures are used to make the light entering them totally reflect outward on their inner walls, generating a converging effect on the light, and then converging to form a point light source or a line light source on the outer surface of the microstructures and emitting towards the display panel to achieve three-dimensional light field display; The side of the microstructure away from the waveguide layer is a plane, the microstructures are dot-shaped or strip-shaped, the cross-sectional profile of the microstructures is a parabola, a parabola-like shape, a circle or an ellipse line, and the aspect ratio of a single microstructure is greater than 0.5, so that the light entering the microstructures totally reflects outward on their inner walls, generating a converging effect on the light and forming a point light source or a line light source on the outer surface of the microstructures; When light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer, a single micro-structure controls the area range on the display panel It is: Wherein is the distance between the display panel and the light control layer; is the distance between the side of the microstructure away from the waveguide layer and the light source formed by convergence; is the tangent function; is the maximum angle between the light rays emitted by the light source formed by convergence and the normal of the light control layer; When the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures satisfies the display panel is fully lit. When the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures satisfies a partial area of the display panel is repeatedly lit, and any content is prohibited from being displayed in the repeatedly lit area; When the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures satisfies part of the display panel is not lit. Among them and are the area ranges on the display panel controlled by two adjacent microstructures respectively.

2. A sub-pixel regulated three-dimensional light field display system based on an arrayed waveguide, characterized in that, It includes a waveguide layer and a light control layer from the inside to the outside; the light control layer includes a number of microstructures; The waveguide layer is used to confine light to propagate inside it; wherein light enters from at least one side of the waveguide layer and enters the microstructures from the contact positions between the waveguide layer and the microstructures; The microstructures are used to directly emit the light entering them to the display panel, and then form a strip-shaped light-emitting area on the outer surface of the microstructures to achieve three-dimensional light field display; The side of the microstructure away from the waveguide layer is a plane, the microstructures are strip-shaped, the cross-sectional profile of the microstructures is a parabola, a parabola-like shape, a circle or an ellipse line, and the aspect ratio of a single microstructure is less than 0.5, so that the light entering the microstructures directly emits out of the microstructures and forms a strip-shaped light-emitting area on the outer surface of the microstructures; when light enters from one side of the waveguide layer, a strip-shaped light-emitting area is formed on the outer surface of the microstructures; when light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer, two strip-shaped light-emitting areas are formed on the outer surface of the microstructures, and the light beams emitted by the two strip-shaped light-emitting areas form large-angle strip-shaped light beams with the corresponding microstructures; When light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer and controls the light by staggering adjacent microstructures, the maximum angle between the large-angle ribbon beam generated by a single microstructure and the normal of the light control layer constraint relationship, the minimum angle between the large-angle ribbon beam generated by a single microstructure and the normal of the light control layer constraint relationship, and the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures are respectively: Among them is the area width on the display panel controlled by a beam of light generated by the micro-structure; is the distance between the display panel and the light control layer; is the arctangent function; when 、 all the light beams emitted from the micro-structure in the light control layer light up all the display units of the display panel without interference; When light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer and adjacent microstructures are prevented from interlacing to control light, the maximum angle between the large-angle strip beam generated by a single microstructure and the normal of the light control layer constraint relationship, the minimum angle between the large-angle strip beam generated by a single microstructure and the normal of the light control layer constraint relationship, and the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures are respectively: wherein is the tangent function; when , , the light beams emitted from all the microstructures in the light control layer illuminate the corresponding display units of the display panel in an adjacent manner without interference.

3. A sub-pixel controlled three-dimensional light field display system based on an arrayed waveguide, characterized in that, It includes a waveguide layer and a light control layer from the inside to the outside; the light control layer includes a number of microstructures; The waveguide layer is used to confine light to propagate inside it; wherein light enters from at least one side of the waveguide layer and enters the microstructures from the contact positions between the waveguide layer and the microstructures; The microstructures are used to directly emit the light entering them to the display panel, and then form an annular light-emitting area or an arc-shaped light-emitting area on the outer surface of the microstructures to achieve three-dimensional light field display; The side of the microstructure away from the waveguide layer is a plane, the side of the microstructure facing the waveguide layer is a parabolic surface, a parabolic-like surface, a spherical surface or an ellipsoidal surface, and the aspect ratio of a single microstructure is less than 0.5; when light enters from one side of the waveguide layer, so that the light entering the microstructures directly emits out of the microstructures and forms an arc-shaped light-emitting area on the outer surface of the microstructures; when light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer, an annular light-emitting area is formed on the outer surface of the microstructures; When light enters from the left and right sides of the waveguide layer and adjacent microstructures are prevented from interlacing to control light, the maximum angle between the circular light-emitting region generated by a single microstructure and the normal of the light control layer constraint relationship, the minimum angle between the circular light-emitting region generated by a single microstructure and the normal of the light control layer constraint relationship, and the arrangement distance between two adjacent microstructures are respectively: Wherein is the difference between the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the annular light-emitting region; is the distance between the display panel and the light control layer; is the tangent function, is the arctangent function; when 、 、 the corresponding display units of the display panel are lit by the annular light-emitting regions generated by all the microstructures in the light control layer without interference.

4. The sub-pixel modulation three-dimensional light field display system based on an arrayed waveguide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The microstructures are pasted to the waveguide layer through an adhesive layer; the adhesive layer uses an OCA adhesive with a thickness less than or equal to 50 μm.

5. The sub-pixel regulated three-dimensional light field display system based on an arrayed optical waveguide according to claim 4, wherein The light control layer further includes a substrate, the substrate is arranged outside the microstructures, and there is an air gap between the substrate and the adhesive layer; the light entering the substrate from the microstructures escapes from the substrate surface.

6. The three-dimensional light field display system for sub-pixel regulation based on an arrayed optical waveguide according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The light source providing light for the waveguide layer is an LED lamp bead, and the light-emitting angle of a single LED lamp bead is greater than or equal to 120°; the waveguide layer uses a light-transmitting material with a refractive index greater than or equal to 1.5.

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