Quantum pulse generator, quantum calculation measurement and control system and quantum computer

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantum pulse generator, a quantum calculation measurement and control system and a quantum computer, and the system comprises a first waveform output module which is used for analyzing a received first waveform instruction and generating a corresponding first pulse waveform; the plurality of second waveform output modules are used for analyzing the received second waveform instruction and generating a corresponding second pulse waveform; the waveform processing module is used for outputting the second pulse waveform or performing frequency mixing processing on the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform and outputting a frequency-mixed control pulse waveform according to a trigger signal; and the waveform cache module is used for storing the second pulse waveform and / or the control pulse waveform, and outputting a feedback instruction to the first waveform output module and the second waveform output module according to the stored information. The quantum pulse generator outputs the control signal pulse to execute the quantum calculation task, so that the quantum calculation efficiency and accuracy are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application belongs to the field of electronics, specifically to the field of quantum technology, and in particular to a quantum pulse generator, a quantum computing measurement and control system, and a quantum computer. Background Art

[0002] Quantum computing is a new computing model that follows the laws of quantum mechanics to control basic information units for computing. The basic information unit of classical computing is the classical bit, and the basic information unit of quantum computing is the quantum bit. The classical bit can only be in one state, that is, 0 or 1, but based on the principle of quantum mechanics superposition, the state of the quantum bit can be in a superposition state of multiple possibilities. Therefore, the computing efficiency of quantum computing far exceeds that of classical computing.

[0003] Quantum computing is performed by a quantum processor, which needs to provide a control signal when performing an operation and apply a read signal to read the result of the operation after the operation is completed. The control signal and the read signal are usually microwave signals, and the pulse waveform of each microwave signal is determined according to the task to be performed. In the prior art, a host computer is usually used to receive quantum computing tasks, and the pulse waveform of the microwave signal that needs to be applied to the quantum bit on the quantum processor is determined according to the quantum computing task, and the waveform data is sent to the slave computer and stored in the slave computer. The slave computer outputs the corresponding microwave signal according to the waveform data.

[0004] As mentioned above, there are various microwave signals for manipulating and reading each quantum bit, and the waveform parameters of each microwave signal are also different. Each waveform parameter needs to be sent down; and some waveforms are combined pulse signals, and the amount of waveform data is very large. It is very time-consuming to send it down, and it also takes up a lot of memory when stored in the lower computer. It is also easy to have noise data errors due to memory fullness, which reduces the computational efficiency and accuracy of quantum computing. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of this application is to provide a quantum pulse generator, a quantum computing measurement and control system and a quantum computer, which make up for the shortcomings of the prior art that the signal waveform data volume is large and the transmission is slow, which affects the efficiency and accuracy of quantum computing, and improves the efficiency and accuracy of quantum computing.

[0006] The specific technical solution of this application is as follows:

[0007] One aspect of the present application provides a quantum pulse generator for outputting a control pulse carrying quantum state encoding information, the quantum pulse generator comprising:

[0008] A first waveform output module, used to parse the received first waveform instruction and generate a corresponding first pulse waveform; wherein the first pulse waveform carries the quantum state encoding information;

[0009] A plurality of second waveform output modules, each of which is used to parse the received second waveform instruction and generate a corresponding second pulse waveform;

[0010] A waveform processing module, used for outputting the second pulse waveform or mixing the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform and outputting the mixed control pulse waveform according to a trigger signal;

[0011] A waveform buffer module, used for storing the second pulse waveform and / or the control pulse waveform, and outputting feedback instructions to the first waveform output module and the second waveform output module according to the stored information;

[0012] The feedback instruction is used to control the output of the first waveform output module and the second waveform output module.

[0013] In the quantum pulse generator as described above, optionally, the first waveform output module includes:

[0014] An instruction parsing unit, used to parse the first waveform instruction and obtain corresponding waveform parameters, wherein the waveform parameters include frequency parameters and phase parameters;

[0015] A waveform parameter configuration unit, configured to generate the first pulse waveform according to the frequency parameter and the phase parameter;

[0016] A waveform buffer unit is used to store the first pulse waveform.

[0017] As described above, the quantum pulse generator, optionally, the first waveform output module further includes a waveform control unit for controlling output on and output off of the waveform parameter configuration unit according to the first waveform instruction.

[0018] As described above, the quantum pulse generator, optionally, the waveform control unit is further used to output a first reset instruction according to the first waveform instruction, wherein the first reset instruction is used to control the waveform parameter configuration unit and the waveform cache unit to perform a reset operation.

[0019] As described above, in the quantum pulse generator, optionally, the waveform control unit is further used to control the output termination and output restart of the waveform parameter configuration unit according to the feedback instruction.

[0020] As described above, the quantum pulse generator, optionally, the waveform parameter configuration unit also generates a first pulse waveform in response to the output restart and according to the waveform parameters in the next first waveform instruction and the phase parameters in the waveform parameters of the previous first waveform instruction.

[0021] The quantum pulse generator as described above, optionally, the waveform buffer unit comprises a cascaded first buffer and a second buffer;

[0022] The first buffer is used to store a first pulse waveform having first delay information;

[0023] The second buffer stores a first pulse waveform having the first delay information and a pre-stored waveform; wherein the pre-stored waveform is spliced ​​after the first pulse waveform according to a pulse time.

[0024] As described above, the quantum pulse generator, optionally, the waveform control unit is also used to output a second reset instruction based on the feedback instruction, wherein the second reset instruction is used to control the waveform parameter configuration unit and the first buffer to clear the current waveform parameters or the first pulse waveform.

[0025] In the quantum pulse generator as described above, optionally, the second waveform output module includes:

[0026] A bias waveform generating unit, configured to output a pulse waveform with a fixed amplitude according to the pulse time in the second waveform instruction;

[0027] A baseband waveform generating unit, configured to output a baseband waveform according to the pulse time and address information in the second waveform instruction;

[0028] A linear waveform generating unit is used to output a linear waveform according to the linear parameters in the second waveform instruction; wherein the linear parameters include a starting value, an increment value and a repetition value.

[0029] On the other hand, the present application provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, including any one of the above-mentioned quantum pulse generators.

[0030] On the other hand, the present application provides a quantum computer, including the above-mentioned quantum computing measurement and control system and quantum processor, the quantum computing measurement and control system outputs a control signal for controlling the quantum processor to perform operations, and a read signal for measuring the operation results of the quantum processor.

[0031] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial effects:

[0032] In the present application, the host computer sends the parameters of the complex control signal to the quantum pulse generator in the slave computer in the form of waveform instructions, which greatly reduces the amount of task data, improves the efficiency of data sending, and thus improves the efficiency of quantum computing; the first waveform output module and the second waveform output module in the quantum pulse generator generate specific first pulse waveforms and second pulse waveforms according to the received waveform instructions, and the waveform processing module performs frequency mixing processing on the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform to obtain a control pulse waveform that meets various control requirements of the quantum processor, or a second pulse waveform for splicing between adjacent control pulse waveforms; then the waveform cache module caches and outputs various pulse waveforms, and controls the output of the first waveform output module and the second waveform output module through feedback instructions, so as to avoid the loss or overflow of pulse waveforms due to full memory of the waveform cache module, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the quantum computing task. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the composition of a quantum pulse generator provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the composition of a first waveform output module provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0035] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the composition of a first waveform output module provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0036] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the composition of a first waveform output module provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 .

[0037] Description of reference numerals:

[0038] 1-first waveform output module, 2-second waveform output module, 3-waveform processing module, 4-waveform buffer module;

[0039] 11-instruction parsing unit, 12-waveform parameter configuration unit, 13-waveform buffer unit, 14-waveform control unit;

[0040] 131 - first buffer, 132 - second buffer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following detailed description is illustrative only and is not intended to limit the application or use of the embodiments and / or embodiments. In addition, it is not intended to be bound by any explicit or implicit information presented in the previous "background technology" or "invention content" section or "specific implementation" section.

[0042] To make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the present application clearer, one or more embodiments are now described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein similar reference numerals throughout the text are used to refer to similar components. In the following description, for the purpose of explanation, many specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of one or more embodiments. However, it is clear that in various cases, one or more embodiments can be practiced without these specific details, and the various embodiments can be combined and referenced to each other without contradiction.

[0043] It should be noted that the terms "first", "second", etc. in the specification and claims of the present application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the data used in this way can be interchangeable where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the present application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any of their variations are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions, for example, a process, method, system, product or device comprising a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units clearly listed, but may include other steps or units that are not clearly listed or inherent to these processes, methods, products or devices.

[0044] The applicant found that in the prior art, various commercial instruments are usually used to build a measurement and control system for controlling and measuring quantum processors, and various control signals and measurement signals are output by multiple commercial instruments; and a host computer is used to communicate with the measurement and control system, and the signal waveform and signal parameters of each signal corresponding to the computing task are determined by compiling the quantum computing task to be executed, and then the signal waveform and signal parameters are sent to the measurement and control system. The measurement and control system generates corresponding signals according to the sent signal waveform and signal parameters and outputs them to the quantum processor.

[0045] Since the microwave signals for controlling and reading each quantum bit are various, the waveform parameters of each microwave signal are also different, and each waveform parameter needs to be sent down; and some waveforms are combined pulse signals, the amount of waveform data is very large, and it is very time-consuming to send down, which directly affects the efficiency of quantum computing. At present, the more effective improvement method is to send the waveform parameters of each microwave signal from the host computer to the measurement and control system in the form of an instruction set, and the measurement and control system generates the corresponding signal waveform and specific signal according to the received waveform instruction.

[0046] After the measurement and control system generates a signal waveform according to the waveform instruction, it is generally stored in the memory, and according to the output timing of the control signal and the measurement signal in the quantum computing task, the generated signal waveform is retrieved from the memory and outputted through digital-to-analog conversion. The storage space of the memory is limited. When the number and types of signal waveforms are large and the complexity is high, the memory cannot store all signal waveforms. When the storage is full, the subsequent signal waveforms cannot be stored, resulting in the loss of signal waveforms, which directly affects the signal that needs to be output, causing errors in the quantum computing task being executed.

[0047] As attached Figure 1 As shown, in order to solve the problem that the large amount of waveform data sent by the upper computer affects the efficiency of quantum computing and the large amount of data of the heavy signal waveform of the measurement and control system is easy to be lost, which affects the error of the quantum computing task, the present application proposes a quantum pulse generator for outputting a control pulse carrying quantum state encoding information, and the quantum pulse generator includes: a first waveform output module 1, which is used to parse the received first waveform instruction and generate a corresponding first pulse waveform; wherein the first pulse waveform carries the quantum state encoding information; a plurality of second waveform output modules 2, each of which is used to parse the received second waveform instruction and generate a corresponding second pulse waveform; a waveform processing module 3, which is used to output the second pulse waveform or mix the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform and output the mixed control pulse waveform according to the trigger signal; a waveform cache module 4, which is used to store the second pulse waveform and / or the control pulse waveform, and output a feedback instruction to the first waveform output module 1 and the second waveform output module 2 according to the stored information; wherein the feedback instruction controls the output of the first waveform output module 1 and the second waveform output module 2.

[0048] In this embodiment, a first waveform output module 1 is used to output a first pulse waveform carrying quantum state encoding information, wherein the quantum state encoding information is determined by the quantum computing task to be performed, and the first pulse waveform is generally a sine waveform or a cosine waveform. There are several second waveform output modules 2, and the waveform of the second pulse waveform output by each second waveform output module 2 is different, such as a second waveform output module 2 for outputting a square wave, a second waveform output module 2 for outputting a sine wave / cosine wave, a second waveform output module 2 for outputting a linear waveform, etc. By mixing the waveforms of the first pulse waveform and several second pulse waveforms, control pulse waveforms of various frequencies, pulse durations, and waveform shapes can be obtained to meet the requirements of quantum computing tasks.

[0049] Optionally, the first waveform output module 1 and the plurality of second waveform output modules 2 of this embodiment are functional modules arranged inside the FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and the functions of the first waveform output module 1 and the plurality of second waveform output modules 2 can be set; for example, the first waveform output module 1 can be a DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer) module. In addition, the waveform processing module 3 is also integrated inside the FPGA, generally an adder or a multiplier, and is used to process the waveform data of the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform to obtain a control pulse waveform whose pulse frequency, pulse duration and waveform shape meet the requirements after processing.

[0050] It should be added that, in this embodiment, the waveform processing module 3 has two working modes. One working mode is that the first waveform output module 1 does not output the first pulse waveform, and the waveform processing module 3 only outputs the received second pulse waveform, and the output of the second pulse waveform can be triggered by a trigger signal; the other working mode is to process the waveform data of the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform and output the processed control pulse waveform, and the output control pulse waveform can also be triggered by a trigger signal. The trigger signal is generally determined and output by the control system or the central control system according to the timing in the quantum computing task to be executed, and the accuracy of the quantum computing task is ensured by controlling the output of the waveform processing module 3.

[0051] In addition to being triggered by a trigger signal, the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform may also be directly outputted after being processed by the waveform processing module 3 without using a trigger signal. Whether a trigger signal control is needed needs to be determined in combination with a specific quantum computing task.

[0052] In addition, there are multiple second waveform output modules 2, and the multiple second waveform output modules 2 will not output multiple second pulse waveforms to the waveform processing module 3 at the same time. The waveform processing module 3 will only mix a first pulse waveform and a second pulse waveform to obtain a control pulse waveform. Figure 1 The transmission of the two second pulse waveforms shown in the figure, one of which is shown as a solid line and the other as a dotted line, that is, the two second pulse waveforms will not be output to the waveform processing module 3 at the same time.

[0053] In this embodiment, the first waveform instruction and the second waveform instruction are used to distinguish the waveform instructions received by the first waveform output module 1 and the second waveform output module 2. In specific applications, each pulse signal has a corresponding waveform instruction, which will not be described in detail in this embodiment.

[0054] In the measurement and control system of specific application, a digital-to-analog conversion module (DAC) is usually used to convert the control pulse waveform into a specific control pulse signal and output it; and the output of the DAC is continuous. When the control pulse signal corresponding to the current waveform instruction is output, and the next control pulse signal has not been generated or the output time has not been reached, one of the second waveform output modules 2 can output a square wave waveform with a bias amplitude to the DAC, and the DAC outputs the corresponding square wave signal. It can be understood that when the two control pulse signals are not output continuously and there is a time interval between them, a second waveform output module 2 can output a second pulse waveform for waveform connection to the waveform processing module 3, and then the DAC outputs a pulse signal for connection; since the second pulse waveform does not carry quantum state encoding information, the output pulse signal will not affect the control effect on the quantum processor.

[0055] In addition, in this embodiment, the quantum pulse generator also includes a waveform cache module 4, which is used to store the second pulse waveform and / or control pulse waveform output by the two working modes of the waveform processing module 3; and output feedback instructions to the first waveform output module 1 and the second waveform output module 2 based on the stored information; wherein the feedback instruction controls the output of the first waveform output module 1 and the second waveform output module 2.

[0056] In this embodiment, the storage information is the storage memory information of the waveform buffer module 4, which is used to characterize the storage capacity of various pulse waveforms in the waveform buffer module 4. The feedback instruction is a control instruction, which can control whether the first waveform output module 1 and the second waveform output module 2 output pulse waveforms.

[0057] It is understandable that when the memory storage of the waveform cache module 4 is full, the waveform processing module 3 sends the second pulse waveform and / or the control pulse waveform again, and the pulse waveform can no longer be stored, resulting in the loss of the pulse waveform, which directly affects the signal that needs to be output, causing the quantum computing task to be executed to go wrong. At this time, the waveform cache module 4 is used to output a feedback instruction for shutting down the output according to the internal storage information. When the first waveform output module 1 and the second waveform output module 2 receive the feedback instruction to shut down the output, they will stop outputting the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform. The pulse waveform stored in the waveform cache module 4 gradually releases the output, and when the storage space can continue to store, a feedback instruction for turning on the output is sent. When the first waveform output module 1 and the second waveform output module 2 receive the feedback instruction to turn on the output, they will resume outputting the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform.

[0058] In addition, in combination with the above description, some of the second pulse waveform and / or control pulse waveform processed by the waveform processing module 3 and output to the waveform buffer module 4 need to be triggered by a trigger signal, and some do not need to be directly output by a trigger signal. For pulse waveforms that do not need to be triggered by a trigger signal, they are directly output through the waveform buffer module 4 and do not occupy the memory space of the waveform buffer module 4. For pulse waveforms that need to be triggered by a trigger signal, the waveform buffer module 4 needs to receive the corresponding trigger signal before it can be output. When the trigger signal is not received, the pulse waveform will be stored in the waveform buffer module 4, which increases the memory storage capacity and even makes the memory storage full.

[0059] In summary, in this embodiment, the host computer sends the parameters of the complex control signal in the form of waveform instructions, which greatly reduces the amount of task data, improves the efficiency of data sending, and thus improves the efficiency of quantum computing; the first waveform output module 1 and the second waveform output module 2 in the lower computer generate specific first pulse waveforms and second pulse waveforms according to the received waveform instructions, and the waveform processing module 3 mixes the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform to obtain a control pulse waveform that meets various control requirements of the quantum processor, or a second pulse waveform for splicing between adjacent control pulse waveforms; and then the waveform cache module 4 caches and outputs various pulse waveforms, and controls the output of the first waveform output module 1 and the second waveform output module 2 through feedback instructions, so as to avoid the loss or overflow of pulse waveforms due to full memory of the waveform cache module 4, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the quantum computing task.

[0060] Optionally, the quantum pulse generator of this embodiment further includes a digital-to-analog conversion module, i.e., a DAC device, which is used to output a corresponding control pulse signal according to the control pulse waveform. By using the DAC device, the received control pulse waveform is converted into a control pulse signal output.

[0061] As attached Figure 2As shown, in this embodiment, optionally, the first waveform output module 1 includes: an instruction parsing unit 11, which is used to parse the first waveform instruction and obtain corresponding waveform parameters, and the waveform parameters include frequency parameters and phase parameters; a waveform parameter configuration unit 12, which is used to generate the first pulse waveform according to the frequency parameters and phase parameters; a waveform cache unit 13, which is used to store the first pulse waveform. The first pulse waveform is usually a sine wave or a cosine wave, so the waveform parameters generally include frequency, phase, or amplitude. When the waveform parameters in the first waveform instruction are determined one by one, the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 can generate the corresponding first pulse waveform according to the waveform parameters. In addition, when the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 configures the first pulse waveform, it is sent to the waveform cache unit 13 for storage, and the waveform processing unit reads the first pulse waveform in the waveform cache unit 13 according to the received second pulse waveform, and processes the read pulse waveform to obtain a control pulse waveform.

[0062] As attached Figure 3 As shown, optionally, the first waveform output module 1 also includes a waveform control unit 14, which is used to control the output opening and output closing of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 according to the first waveform instruction. In this embodiment, the waveform control unit 14 is used to control the output of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 through a control instruction. When the output of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 is turned on, the waveform processing module 3 performs mixing processing on the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform and outputs the processed control pulse waveform; when the output of the parameter configuration unit is turned off, the waveform processing module 3 directly outputs the second pulse waveform sent by the second waveform output module 2, which is used for splicing between adjacent control pulse waveforms. In specific applications, it is necessary to control the output of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 in combination with the quantum computing task to be executed and the first waveform instruction.

[0063] When the output of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 is controlled to be turned on and off according to the first waveform instruction, optionally, the waveform control unit 14 is also used to output a first reset instruction according to the waveform instruction, wherein the first reset instruction is used to control the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 and the waveform cache unit 13 to perform a reset operation. When the waveform control unit 14 obtains the output of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 that needs to be turned off according to the first waveform instruction, it will send a reset instruction to the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 and the waveform cache unit 13 to reset the currently configured waveform parameters, the first delay information, and the pre-stored waveform. Ensure the accuracy of the first pulse waveform generated according to the waveform parameter configuration in the current first waveform instruction when the output of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 is turned on according to the next waveform instruction.

[0064] In addition, optionally, the waveform control unit 14 is also used to control the output termination and output restart of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 according to the feedback instruction. As described above, the feedback instruction is an instruction output by the waveform cache module 4 according to the storage information. When the memory in the waveform cache module 4 is temporarily full of the second pulse waveform and / or the control pulse waveform or the memory is free, the feedback instruction will be sent. The waveform control unit 14 controls the output termination and output restart of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 according to the feedback instruction. Starting the output termination can avoid the loss or overflow of the pulse waveform due to the full memory of the waveform cache module 4, ensuring the accuracy of the quantum computing task. Starting the output restart can ensure that the quantum computing task can be efficiently executed and improve the execution efficiency.

[0065] It should be added that the output of the second waveform output module 2 is synchronized with the output of the first waveform output module 1. Therefore, when the waveform control unit 14 in the first waveform output module 1 controls the output termination and output restart of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 according to the feedback instruction, the output of the second waveform output module 2 is also synchronously terminated and synchronously restarted, ensuring that the pulse waveform processed by the waveform processing module 3 is synchronized, thereby ensuring that the pulse control signal output to the quantum processor is accurate.

[0066] When the waveform control unit 14 controls the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 to restart the output according to the feedback instruction, optionally, the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 also responds to the output restart and generates a first pulse waveform according to the waveform parameters in the next first waveform instruction and the phase parameters in the waveform parameters of the previous first waveform instruction.

[0067] It can be understood that the first pulse waveform is usually a sine wave or a cosine wave waveform, and its phase value is continuous; when the storage memory of the waveform cache module 4 is full and can no longer store the pulse waveform, it is necessary to control the output of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 to be terminated through feedback instructions, and the output of the first pulse waveform is also terminated. When the output of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 is restarted, the phase of the first pulse waveform configured to be output will be reset, and the phase of the first pulse waveform before the output is terminated will be discontinuous, so that the phases between adjacent first pulse waveforms are not continuous, which directly affects the accuracy of the quantum computing task.

[0068] Therefore, in this embodiment, when the output is terminated, the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 will record the phase value of the first pulse waveform before the output is terminated; and when the output is restarted to generate the first pulse waveform of the next first waveform instruction, the phase value of the previous first pulse waveform is added to the waveform phase in the current waveform parameter to ensure that the next first pulse waveform output is continuous in phase with the previous first pulse waveform.

[0069] It should be added that the output on and off of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 is issued according to the first waveform instruction, which is related to the waveform instruction of the quantum computing task. When the first waveform instruction is received, the output is turned on, and when the first pulse signal corresponding to the first waveform instruction is generated, the output is turned off; while the output suspension and output restart are issued according to the feedback instruction, which is related to the storage information of the waveform cache module 4. When the storage memory of the waveform cache module 4 is full, the output is suspended, and when the storage memory of the waveform cache module 4 is released, the output can be restarted. Therefore, the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 may execute output suspension and output restart in the process of generating the first pulse waveform corresponding to a first waveform instruction.

[0070] As attached Figure 4 As shown, optionally, the waveform cache unit 13 includes a cascaded first cache 131 and a second cache 132; the first cache 131 is used to store a first pulse waveform with first delay information; the second cache 132 stores a first pulse waveform with the first delay information and a pre-stored waveform; wherein the pre-stored waveform is spliced ​​after the first pulse waveform according to the pulse time.

[0071] As described above, the first waveform output module 1 is a DDS module integrated in the FPGA. There is a response delay when the waveform control unit 14 controls the output of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 to be turned on and off. Therefore, the first buffer 131 is used to temporarily store the response delay time, that is, the first delay information, to ensure that the first pulse waveform output through the first buffer 131 includes the first delay information, thereby ensuring the accuracy of the subsequent waveform processing module 3 when processing the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform.

[0072] In addition, the first pulse waveform with the first delay information cached in the first buffer 131 is transmitted to the second buffer 132; when the waveform control unit 14 controls the output suspension and output restart of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12, the output suspension and output restart also have a response delay, so that the phase of the first pulse waveform after the output restart is discontinuous, and the second buffer 132 is used to store the pre-stored waveform, wherein the time of the pre-stored waveform matches the response delay of the output restart. The pre-stored waveform is generally spliced ​​after the first pulse waveform to ensure that after the output restart, the pre-stored waveform can be spliced ​​before the next first pulse waveform to ensure that the waveform and phase of the next first pulse waveform are continuous.

[0073] Optionally, the waveform control unit 14 is further configured to output a second reset instruction according to the feedback instruction, wherein the second reset instruction is configured to control the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 and the first buffer 131 to clear the current waveform parameters or the first pulse waveform. When the waveform control unit 14 controls the output termination and output restart of the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 according to the feedback instruction, the existing data in the waveform parameter configuration unit 12 and the first buffer 131 need to be reset, while the pre-stored waveform in the second buffer 132 does not need to be reset; when the output is restarted, the pre-stored waveform in the second buffer 132 is spliced ​​with the next first pulse signal to ensure the continuation of the phase.

[0074] In this embodiment, optionally, the second waveform output module 2 includes: a bias waveform generating unit, used to output a pulse waveform of a fixed amplitude according to the pulse time in the second waveform instruction; a baseband waveform generating unit, used to output a baseband waveform according to the pulse time and address information in the second waveform instruction; a linear waveform generating unit, used to output a linear waveform according to the linear parameters in the second waveform instruction; wherein the linear parameters include a starting value, an increment value and a repetition value.

[0075] Specifically, the pulse waveform with a fixed amplitude output by the bias waveform generation unit is used for waiting output between adjacent control pulse waveforms, ensuring that a pulse waveform with a fixed amplitude can be output when the DAC device has no control pulse signal output. In addition, the pulse waveform with a fixed amplitude can also be mixed with the first pulse waveform. The baseband waveform output by the baseband waveform generation unit is used for mixing with the first pulse waveform to obtain a pulse waveform of an envelope signal. The linear waveform generation unit is used to output a linear waveform.

[0076] The fixed amplitude pulse waveform, baseband waveform and linear waveform can be output to the waveform processing module 3 separately, or mixed with the first pulse waveform through the waveform processing module to obtain a control pulse waveform with a specific pulse frequency, pulse duration and waveform shape.

[0077] Based on the same application concept, the embodiment of the present application also provides a quantum computing measurement and control system, including any of the above-mentioned quantum pulse generators. The pulse control signal output by the quantum pulse generator is generally an intermediate frequency signal, such as a 500MHz signal. The quantum computing measurement and control system is generally also integrated with a microwave source for outputting high-frequency microwave signals or local oscillator signals, as well as a microwave transceiver component for mixing the intermediate frequency signal and the local oscillator signal, and outputting a control signal or measurement signal that matches the operating frequency of the quantum processor. The operating frequency of the quantum processor is relatively high, generally around 4GHz-6GHz.

[0078] Based on the same application concept, an embodiment of the present application provides a quantum computer, including the above-mentioned quantum computing measurement and control system and quantum processor, the quantum computing measurement and control system outputs a control signal for controlling the quantum processor to perform operations, and a read signal for measuring the operation results of the quantum processor.

[0079] The above describes in detail the structure, features and effects of the present application based on the embodiments shown in the drawings. The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present application, but the present application does not limit the scope of implementation to what is shown in the drawings. Any changes made in accordance with the concept of the present application, or modifications to equivalent embodiments with equivalent changes, which still do not exceed the spirit covered by the description and drawings, should be within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A quantum pulse generator, characterized in that: Used to output control pulses carrying quantum state encoding information, the quantum pulse generator comprises: A first waveform output module, used to parse the received first waveform instruction and generate a corresponding first pulse waveform; wherein the first pulse waveform carries the quantum state encoding information; A plurality of second waveform output modules, each of which is used to parse the received second waveform instruction and generate a corresponding second pulse waveform; A waveform processing module, used for outputting the second pulse waveform or performing mixing processing on the first pulse waveform and the second pulse waveform and outputting a control pulse waveform after mixing processing according to a trigger signal; A waveform buffer module, used for storing the second pulse waveform and / or the control pulse waveform, and outputting feedback instructions to the first waveform output module and the second waveform output module according to the stored information; The feedback instruction is used to control the output of the first waveform output module and the second waveform output module.

2. The quantum pulse generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first waveform output module comprises: An instruction parsing unit, used to parse the first waveform instruction and obtain corresponding waveform parameters, wherein the waveform parameters include frequency parameters and phase parameters; A waveform parameter configuration unit, configured to generate the first pulse waveform according to the frequency parameter and the phase parameter; A waveform buffer unit is used to store the first pulse waveform.

3. The quantum pulse generator according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first waveform output module also includes a waveform control unit, which is used to control the output on and off of the waveform parameter configuration unit according to the first waveform instruction.

4. The quantum pulse generator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The waveform control unit is further used to output a first reset instruction according to the first waveform instruction, wherein the first reset instruction is used to control the waveform parameter configuration unit and the waveform buffer unit to perform a reset operation.

5. The quantum pulse generator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The waveform control unit is further used to control the output suspension and output restart of the waveform parameter configuration unit according to the feedback instruction.

6. The quantum pulse generator according to claim 5, characterized in that: The waveform parameter configuration unit also generates a first pulse waveform in response to the output restart and according to the waveform parameters in the next first waveform instruction and the phase parameters in the waveform parameters of the previous first waveform instruction.

7. The quantum pulse generator according to claim 3, characterized in that: The waveform buffer unit includes a first buffer and a second buffer connected in cascade; The first buffer is used to store a first pulse waveform having first delay information; The second buffer stores a first pulse waveform having the first delay information and a pre-stored waveform; wherein the pre-stored waveform is spliced ​​after the first pulse waveform according to a pulse time.

8. The quantum pulse generator according to claim 7, characterized in that: The waveform control unit is further used to output a second reset instruction according to the feedback instruction, wherein the second reset instruction is used to control the waveform parameter configuration unit and the first buffer to clear the current waveform parameters or the first pulse waveform.

9. The quantum pulse generator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The second waveform output module comprises: A bias waveform generating unit, configured to output a pulse waveform with a fixed amplitude according to the pulse time in the second waveform instruction; A baseband waveform generating unit, configured to output a baseband waveform according to the pulse time and address information in the second waveform instruction; A linear waveform generating unit is used to output a linear waveform according to the linear parameters in the second waveform instruction; wherein the linear parameters include a starting value, an increment value and a repetition value.

10. A quantum computing measurement and control system, characterized in that: A quantum pulse generator comprising any one of claims 1 to 9.

11. A quantum computer, characterized in that: It includes the quantum computing measurement and control system and quantum processor as described in claim 10, wherein the quantum computing measurement and control system outputs a control signal for controlling the quantum processor to perform operations, and a read signal for measuring the operation results of the quantum processor.

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