Dispatching operation method suitable for excessive flood defense in drainage basin
By introducing neural network algorithms and three-dimensional model technology in flood defense scheduling beyond the standard, the problem of lack of precise processing of existing scheduling methods is solved, more accurate flood prediction and flood diversion management are achieved, and flood control efficiency is improved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411973434.X
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-30
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-25
AI Technical Summary
The existing flood prevention scheduling methods that exceed the standard lack precise processing, and the prediction methods are single, making it difficult to accurately predict the flood situation and formulate effective flood control strategies.
A neural network algorithm was introduced to divide the river into sub-river sections. By establishing a three-dimensional model of the river channel and designing a flood diversion hub, using historical flood flow and heavy rain data to train an over-standard flood defense scheduling model, predict the flood diversion scale level, and design a flood discharge plan.
It improves the accuracy and effectiveness of flood defense scheduling beyond the standard, can more accurately predict flood conditions and guide the design and management of flood diversion hubs, and reduce flood losses.
Smart Images
Figure CN119886703A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of flood diversion management and design, and in particular relates to a dispatching and operating method suitable for excessive flood defense in a river basin. Background Art
[0002] The dispatch of excessive flood defense is a complex and systematic process, which involves multiple aspects and links. The dispatch includes the following principles: 1. Ensure the safety of the project: Put the safety of the flood control project first to prevent the failure of the project from causing greater disasters. 2. Minimize the losses caused by floods: Through reasonable dispatch, try to reduce the total losses of floods in the protection area. 3. Take into account both flood prevention and benefits: During the flood season, flood prevention is the top priority, but other comprehensive utilization requirements, such as irrigation and power generation, should also be appropriately considered. 4. Strictly follow the dispatch plan: Prepare a flood control dispatch plan in advance and strictly follow the plan in actual dispatch.
[0003] Existing technologies usually carry out dispatching in the following ways: 1. Strengthening the emergency protection of levees: using the over-height design of levees or temporary emergency repair of sub-embankments to increase the flood discharge capacity of rivers and diversion channels. When the levees are in danger, timely emergency protection measures are taken, such as plugging and reinforcement. 2. Using flood storage and detention areas: When the actual water level or flow of the river is about to exceed the judgment index, the flood storage and detention areas are activated to retain excess floods to reduce the defense pressure of the levees. Formulate the conditions and sequence for the activation of flood storage and detention areas, as well as measures for the transfer and resettlement of personnel in advance. 3. Reservoir flood control dispatching: Only reservoirs with gates to control flood discharge can carry out flood control dispatching. According to flood forecasts and reservoir flood control capacity, flood discharge facilities are opened in advance to increase flood discharge. If it is necessary to activate an emergency spillway or take other emergency measures, preparations should be made in advance.
[0004] When conducting flood control dispatch in reservoirs that control flood discharge, accurate flood control data is needed to form accurate predictions and to facilitate the specification of flood control strategies. However, the existing methods do not provide precise processing and the prediction means are also very simple. Summary of the invention
[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to introduce a neural network algorithm into the method of excessive flood defense scheduling, and divide the river section into sub-sections for flood diversion scale prediction, thereby proposing a scheduling operation method suitable for excessive flood defense in a basin.
[0006] In order to achieve the above objectives, the following technical solutions are proposed:
[0007] The dispatching and operating method suitable for excessive flood defense in a river basin includes the following steps:
[0008] S1, establish a three-dimensional model of the river and design flood diversion hubs;
[0009] S2, divide the river in the basin into sections, obtain several sections and number them; obtain the historical data of river flood flow, and form a flood flow historical data array according to the section numbers;
[0010] S3, obtaining historical rainstorm data of the river area in the basin, and forming a historical rainstorm data array according to the river section number;
[0011] S4, inputting the flood flow historical data array and the historical rainstorm data array into a pre-trained excessive flood defense dispatch model to obtain a flood diversion scale level;
[0012] S5. Design the flood discharge plan for the flood diversion hub according to the scale and level of flood diversion.
[0013] As a preferred solution, the historical rainstorm data includes rainfall in a predetermined time period, and the predetermined time period includes a time period of a long time interval and a time period of a short time interval.
[0014] As a preferred solution, the river segmentation in step S2 includes segmenting the straight section of the river at a first spacing and segmenting the curved section of the river at a second spacing, wherein the first spacing is greater than the second spacing.
[0015] As a preferred solution, the training steps of the excessive flood defense dispatch model include:
[0016] S41, multiplying the flood flow historical data array by the first weight, and multiplying the historical rainstorm data array by the second weight, to obtain sample data;
[0017] S42, inputting the sample data into the BP neural network to output the flood diversion scale level of each section, wherein the flood diversion scale level of the section is determined according to the peak flow of the flood.
[0018] As a preferred solution, in step S41, the ratio of the first weight to the second weight includes 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5, and the selection of the weight ratio is related to the climate in the basin.
[0019] As a preferred solution, S6 includes the following steps: determining the river section where the flood diversion hub is located and classifying the flood discharge capacity of the flood diversion hub; drawing a curve of the peak flood flow over time; and determining the outflow flow of each flood diversion hub when opening the flood gates according to the flood diversion scale level of the section.
[0020] As a preferred solution, it also includes determining the optimal scheduling water level of the flood diversion gate, wherein the optimal scheduling water level of the flood diversion gate is a preset flood diversion starting water level height and a fixed step length, and the maximum inflow of the downstream pumping station is calculated according to different flood diversion starting water level heights and fixed step lengths. The water level in front of the flood diversion gate when the minimum value of the maximum inflow is calculated several times is taken as the optimal scheduling water level.
[0021] As a preferred solution, the software used for modeling in step S1 includes AutoCAD, Civil 3D, ArcGIS, and SketchUp.
[0022] Based on the same concept, a computer-readable storage medium is also proposed, on which a computer program is stored. When the program is executed by a processor, the scheduling and operation method for excessive flood defense in a river basin described in any of the above items is implemented.
[0023] Based on the same concept, a scheduling and operation device for defense against excessive floods in a river basin is also proposed, comprising at least one processor and a memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions executable by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute any of the above-mentioned scheduling and operation methods for defense against excessive floods in a river basin.
[0024] Based on the scheme of the present invention, the beneficial effects are: the present invention proposes a scheduling and operation method suitable for excessive flood defense in a basin, and obtains a model for excessive flood scheduling by training historical data with a neural network model, which is used to guide the design and management of flood diversion hubs during river channel design. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Figure 1 It is a flow chart of the dispatching and operating method suitable for excessive flood defense in the basin;
[0026] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the training steps of the excessive flood defense dispatch model;
[0027] Figure 3 It is a structural diagram of a dispatching and operating device for defense against excessive floods in a river basin. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with test examples and specific implementation methods. However, this should not be understood as the scope of the above subject matter of the present invention being limited to the following embodiments, and all technologies realized based on the content of the present invention belong to the scope of the present invention.
[0029] Example 1
[0030] The dispatching and operation method suitable for excessive flood defense in the basin is as follows: Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:
[0031] S1, establish a three-dimensional model of the river and design flood diversion hubs;
[0032] S2, divide the river in the basin into sections, obtain several sections and number them; obtain the historical data of river flood flow, and form a flood flow historical data array according to the section numbers;
[0033] S3, obtaining historical rainstorm data of the river area in the basin, and forming a historical rainstorm data array according to the river section number;
[0034] S4, inputting the flood flow historical data array and the historical rainstorm data array into a pre-trained excessive flood defense dispatch model to obtain a flood diversion scale level;
[0035] S5. Design the flood discharge plan for the flood diversion hub according to the scale and level of flood diversion.
[0036] Step S1 establishes a three-dimensional model of the river channel and designs a flood diversion hub, which specifically includes the following steps:
[0037] S11, preliminary preparation. 1. Data collection: Collect relevant data on the geography, topography, hydrology, water quality, riverbed conditions, etc. of the river. Data sources can include remote sensing images, drone aerial photography, field measurements, historical records, etc. 2. Data processing: Preprocess the collected data, including data cleaning, format conversion, coordinate unification, etc. 3. Select appropriate data processing methods based on the characteristics of the data and modeling requirements.
[0038] S12 model establishment. 1. Select modeling software: Select appropriate modeling software according to the accuracy, scope, complexity and other requirements of modeling. Common modeling software includes AutoCAD, Civil 3D, ArcGIS, SketchUp, etc. 2. Create a basic model: Use the collected terrain data to create a basic terrain model of the river. Construct the geometric shape of the river based on the shape, direction, riverbed height and other information of the river. 3. Add detailed information: Add hydrological information such as water level, water flow rate, water sand content, etc. to the basic model. Add riverbed information such as silt depth, riverbed bottom quality, etc. Add water quality information such as total phosphorus content, total nitrogen content, chemical oxygen content, etc. You can also add ecological information such as aquatic plants and riverbank vegetation.
[0039] S13. Generate a three-dimensional model. Through the functions of the modeling software, the above information is integrated into the model to generate a three-dimensional model of the river. The model is rendered and optimized to make it more realistic and easy to understand.
[0040] S14. Model verification and optimization. Model verification: Compare the model with the actual situation to verify the accuracy and reliability of the model. Adjust and optimize the model based on the verification results. Model optimization: Adjust the accuracy, range, etc. of the model based on actual needs.
[0041] In addition, several flood diversion hubs are set up on the three-dimensional model of the river. Taking the Pinglu Canal as an example, the Madao Hub, Qishi Hub and Qingnian Hub are set up for flood diversion, and they are marked and set at the corresponding positions of the model.
[0042] S2, divide the river in the basin into sections, obtain several river sections and number them; obtain the historical data of river flood flow, and form a flood flow historical data array according to the river section numbers.
[0043] Specifically, the river section is segmented based on the three-dimensional model of the river in step S1, and the river segmentation includes segmenting at a first spacing in the straight section of the river and segmenting at a second spacing in the curved section of the river, wherein the first spacing is greater than the second spacing. The purpose of such a design is that the river flow velocity in the straight section of the river is relatively large, and the curve of the flood peak changing with time changes linearly, which has a strong regularity for predicting water levels and flood diversion scheduling. Therefore, the segmentation density can be set relatively small, and segmenting with a larger spacing has no significant impact on the precise control of scheduling. For the curved section of the river, the flow velocity is relatively small, and the curve of the flood peak changing with time changes nonlinearly, which has a weak regularity for predicting water levels and flood diversion scheduling. Therefore, the segmentation density should be set relatively large to accurately reflect the flow situation.
[0044] After obtaining the historical data of river flood flow, the historical data of river flood flow is organized into a flood flow historical data array HSLL[] according to the river section number, for example, HSLL[] = {H(1); H(2); H(3); ... H(i)}, i is the number of the river section, and H(i) is the flood flow of the river section corresponding to the number.
[0045] S4, obtaining the historical rainstorm data of the river area in the basin, and forming a historical rainstorm data array according to the river section number.
[0046] As a preferred solution, the historical rainfall in the river area within the basin in the past five years or the past ten years is obtained as the historical rainstorm data, and the historical rainstorm data is organized into a historical rainstorm data array BY[] according to the river section number, for example, BY[] = {B(1); B(2); B(3); ... B(i)}, i is the number of the river section, and B(i) is the historical rainstorm data of the river section corresponding to the number.
[0047] As a preferred solution, the training steps of the excessive flood defense dispatch model are as follows: Figure 2 As shown, including:
[0048] S51, multiplying the flood flow historical data array by the first weight, and multiplying the historical rainstorm data array by the second weight, to obtain sample data;
[0049] S52, inputting the sample data into the BP neural network to output the flood diversion scale level of each section, wherein the flood diversion scale level of the section is determined according to the peak flow of the flood.
[0050] As a preferred solution, in step S51, the ratio of the first weight to the second weight includes 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5, and the selection of the weight ratio is related to the climate in the basin. If the climate in the basin belongs to an area with heavy rainfall, the rainwater has a greater impact on the river flood flow, and a ratio with a larger second weight ratio is selected; otherwise, a ratio with a smaller second weight ratio is selected.
[0051] There are many methods for calculating peak flow, including but not limited to the following:
[0052] Inference method: Through certain inference formulas, combined with the basin's rainstorm force, peak runoff coefficient, basin area, flow collection time, rainstorm intensity attenuation index and other parameters to calculate. This method works better when the basin area is 40 to 50 square kilometers, but the calculation process is more complicated and requires more basic data.
[0053] Empirical method: using empirical formulas, basin area as a parameter, combined with coefficients and exponents that vary with region and flood frequency to calculate. This method is suitable for areas with small basin areas, easy to use and simple to calculate, but it is highly regional.
[0054] Survey method: Through field investigation of the flood process, record the flood rise and fall process and related data, and then use these data to calculate the peak flow. This method requires detailed flood process records and measurement data.
[0055] Basin area method: Calculate peak flow by measuring the area of the river basin and combining it with the flow data from the observation station. The main formula is Q = C × A, where Q is the peak flow, C is the runoff coefficient per unit basin area, and A is the area of the basin.
[0056] Flood frequency analysis method: Based on historical flood data, the flow values of floods with different frequencies are estimated by statistically analyzing the flow frequency. This method can obtain the flow value of the design flood and provide a basis for flood control planning and design.
[0057] Hydrological model method: By establishing a mathematical model to simulate the hydrological process and flood generation process, the peak flow is calculated. Common hydrological models include linear single-line calculation models, mathematical models, computer models, etc. This method has high accuracy and applicability, but requires more data and computing resources.
[0058] Physical model method: A hydrological experimental model is established in the laboratory, and the peak flow is calculated by adjusting the conditions in the model (such as flow, slope, etc.). This method has high accuracy, but is costly and has a narrow scope of application.
[0059] After calculating the peak flow, if the peak flow is greater than 1,000 cubic meters per second, the flood diversion scale is level one, the largest flood diversion scale, and all flood diversion hubs in the river are usually required to discharge flood water at the maximum gate opening amplitude; if the peak flow is less than 100 cubic meters per second, the flood diversion scale is level three, the smallest flood diversion scale, and the flood diversion hubs in the river are required to discharge flood water at the minimum gate opening amplitude; if the value range of the basin peak flow is between 100 and 1,000 cubic meters per second, the flood diversion flows are arranged and combined, and the gate opening amplitude of each flood diversion hub is set respectively.
[0060] S6 includes the following steps: determining the river section where the flood diversion hub is located, and determining the classification of the flood discharge capacity of the flood diversion hub; drawing a curve of the peak flood flow over time; and determining the outflow flow of each flood diversion hub for flood discharge according to the flood diversion scale level of the section.
[0061] As a preferred solution, it also includes determining the optimal scheduling water level of the flood diversion gate, wherein the optimal scheduling water level of the flood diversion gate is a preset flood diversion starting water level height and a fixed step length, and the maximum inflow of the downstream pumping station is calculated according to different flood diversion starting water level heights and fixed step lengths. The water level in front of the flood diversion gate when the minimum value of the maximum inflow is calculated several times is taken as the optimal scheduling water level.
[0062] Example 2
[0063] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the scheduling and operation method for excessive flood defense within a river basin described in Example 1.
[0064] A dispatching and operating device for flood defense exceeding the standard in a river basin, the structure diagram of which is shown in FIG. Figure 3 As shown, it includes at least one processor and a memory that is communicatively connected to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the scheduling and operation method for excessive flood defense within the basin described in Example 1.
[0065] Finally, it should be noted that the embodiments described in detail above are only the best practices of the invention and cannot be used to limit the scope of rights of the invention. Equivalent replacement of the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments does not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and description of the invention.
Claims
1. A dispatching and operating method suitable for excessive flood defense in a river basin, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1, establish a three-dimensional model of the river and design flood diversion hubs; S2, divide the river in the basin into sections, obtain several sections and number them; obtain the historical data of river flood flow, and form a flood flow historical data array according to the section numbers; S3, obtaining historical rainstorm data of the river area in the basin, and forming a historical rainstorm data array according to the river section number; S4, inputting the flood flow historical data array and the historical rainstorm data array into a pre-trained excessive flood defense dispatch model to obtain a flood diversion scale level; S5. Design the flood discharge plan for the flood diversion hub according to the scale and level of flood diversion.
2. The dispatching and operating method suitable for excessive flood defense in a river basin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The historical rainstorm data includes rainfall in a predetermined time period, and the predetermined time period includes a time period of a long time interval and a time period of a short time interval.
3. The dispatching and operating method suitable for excessive flood defense in a river basin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The river segmentation in step S2 includes segmenting the straight section of the river at a first spacing, and segmenting the curved section of the river at a second spacing, wherein the first spacing is greater than the second spacing.
4. The dispatching and operating method suitable for excessive flood defense in a river basin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The training steps of the excessive flood defense dispatch model include: S41, multiplying the flood flow historical data array by the first weight, and multiplying the historical rainstorm data array by the second weight, to obtain sample data; S42, inputting the sample data into the BP neural network to output the flood diversion scale level of each section, wherein the flood diversion scale level of the section is determined according to the peak flow of the flood.
5. The dispatching and operating method suitable for excessive flood defense in a river basin according to claim 4 is characterized in that: In step S41, the ratio of the first weight to the second weight includes 7:3, 6:4, and 5:5, and the selection of the weight ratio is related to the climate in the basin.
6. The dispatching and operating method suitable for excessive flood defense in a river basin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: It also includes S6: determining the river section where the flood diversion hub is located and classifying the flood discharge capacity of the flood diversion hub; drawing a curve of the peak flood flow changing with time; and determining the outflow flow of each flood diversion hub when opening the flood gate according to the flood diversion scale level of the section.
7. The method for dispatching and operating excessive flood defense in a river basin according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes determining the optimal scheduling water level of the flood diversion gate, which is a preset flood diversion starting water level and a fixed step size. The maximum inflow of the downstream pumping station is calculated based on different flood diversion starting water level heights and fixed step sizes, and the water level in front of the flood diversion gate when the minimum value of the maximum inflow is calculated several times is taken as the optimal scheduling water level.
8. The method for dispatching and operating excessive flood defense in a river basin according to claim 1, characterized in that: The software used for modeling in step S1 includes AutoCAD, Civil 3D, ArcGIS, and SketchUp.
9. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the scheduling and operation method for excessive flood defense within a river basin as described in any one of claims 1 to 8 is implemented.
10. A dispatching and operating device for excessive flood defense in a river basin, characterized in that: It includes at least one processor and a memory that is communicatively connected to the at least one processor; the memory stores instructions that can be executed by the at least one processor, and the instructions are executed by the at least one processor so that the at least one processor can execute the scheduling and operation method for excessive flood defense within a river basin as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.