Novel centripetal force demonstration instrument

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of centripetal force demonstration instruments, and discloses a novel centripetal force demonstration instrument, which comprises a base as a basic component of the whole device and used for assembling and bearing other structural members; the remote controller is placed on the outer side of the base and used for controlling operation of the whole equipment; the mass changing mechanism is located above the base and used for adjusting mass change; the radius changing mechanism is located at the bottom of the mass changing mechanism and used for adjusting the position of the mass changing mechanism; and the rotating mechanism is installed on the outer side of the base and used for controlling the rotating angle of the radius changing mechanism, and the rotating mechanism comprises a gear motor. Stepless speed change is achieved by combining a speed reduction motor with an angular speed controller, precise devices such as a force sensor and a photoelectric door are integrated, various relation curves are generated in real time in combination with phyphox software, and quantitative analysis is supported. The angular velocity original value and the square value are synchronously displayed through the Hall sensor, and the differential influence of the two values on the centripetal force is clearly displayed by combining dynamic curve comparison.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of centripetal force demonstration instruments, in particular to a novel centripetal force demonstration instrument. Background Art

[0002] Centripetal force is a core concept of classical mechanics, and its teaching demonstration device plays an irreplaceable role in the field of physics education. Traditional centripetal force demonstrators are mainly designed based on Newton's law of rotation and are widely used in middle school physics classrooms and basic laboratories in colleges and universities. Such devices usually generate centrifugal force by manually driving the rotating arm, and use the degree of spring deformation or the size of the swing angle of the weight to qualitatively demonstrate the relationship between centripetal force and rotation speed, mass, and radius. According to the "Physics Experiment Teaching Equipment Market Analysis Report (2024)", 78% of the centripetal force demonstrators used in basic education in the world still use mechanical transmission structure, and their design concept remains at the level of the 1980s, which can no longer meet the needs of modern inquiry-based teaching.

[0003] The traditional device in the prior art includes three core structures: a manual drive system: the worm gear reducer is driven by a crank to transmit the rotational motion to the horizontal turntable; a centrifugal force sensing mechanism: the mass block is connected to the spring through a connecting rod, and the centrifugal force causes the spring to produce linear deformation; a parameter adjustment module: a sliding counterweight block slot is provided on the edge of the turntable, and the rotating mass is changed by increasing or decreasing the number of counterweights. When working, the teacher needs to shake the turntable at a constant speed, and the students judge the size of the centripetal force by observing the stretched length of the spring.

[0004] Then the centripetal force demonstrator in the prior art has some defects. For example, in a public class demonstration, when the teacher shook the turntable at 60rpm, the speed fluctuated between 55-68rpm due to arm fatigue, and the spring deformation curve showed an amplitude deviation of ±12%. The data points observed by the students could not fit the standard F-ω² relationship curve. The fundamental reason is that the manual drive method is difficult to overcome human muscle tremors and lacks a speed closed-loop control mechanism. Therefore, the present invention provides a new centripetal force demonstrator to solve the shortcomings of the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a novel centripetal force demonstrator, which solves the problem that the centripetal force demonstrator in the prior art needs to be operated by manually turning a crank, and it is difficult to ensure uniform rotation speed.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions: A novel centripetal force demonstrator comprises: a base, which is used as a basic component of the overall device and is used to assemble and carry other structural parts; The remote control is placed on the outside of the base and is used to control the operation of the entire device; A mass change mechanism, which is located above the base and is used to adjust the mass change; A radius changing mechanism, which is located at the bottom of the mass changing mechanism and is used to adjust the position of the mass changing mechanism; A rotating mechanism is installed on the outside of the base and is used to control the rotation angle of the radius changing mechanism. The rotating mechanism includes a reduction motor, which is installed on the outside of the base. The output end of the reduction motor is fixedly connected to an assembly platform.

[0007] Preferably, the radius changing mechanism is installed on the top of assembly table one, and the radius changing mechanism includes a servo motor one, the output end of the servo motor one is fixedly connected to a screw rod one, the top of the assembly table one is fixedly connected to two mounting seats, and the outer side of the screw rod one is rotatably connected to the inner side of the two mounting seats.

[0008] Preferably, the top of the assembly table one is slidably connected to a moving seat, the interior of the moving seat is threadedly connected to the outer side of the screw rod one, a photoelectric gate is installed on the outer side of the moving seat, the outer side of the assembly table one is fixedly connected to a spacer, the spacer is located on the inner side of the photoelectric gate, and the top of the moving seat is fixedly connected to the assembly table two.

[0009] Preferably, a single chip microcomputer is installed on the outside of the assembly platform 1, an angular velocity controller is installed on the outside of the assembly platform 1, and the angular velocity controller is electrically connected to the reduction motor.

[0010] Preferably, the mass changing mechanism includes a test seat and a load block, and the test seat and the load block are both arranged on the top of the second assembly platform. The top of the test seat is fixedly connected to a limit seat, and the top of the limit seat is equipped with a servo motor 2.

[0011] Preferably, the output end of the servo motor 2 is fixedly connected to the screw rod 2, the outer side of the screw rod 2 is threadedly connected to the movable plate, the outer side of the movable plate is slidably connected to the top of the limit seat, and one end of the movable plate is fixedly connected to the push piece.

[0012] Preferably, two mounting plates are fixedly connected to the top of the test seat, a plurality of sliding rods are slidably connected inside the two mounting plates, and an outer side of the push piece is slidably connected to the outer sides of the plurality of sliding rods.

[0013] Preferably, a plurality of connecting heads are provided inside the load block, one end of the connecting head is connected to one end of the sliding rod, a fixing plate is fixedly connected to the outer side of the assembly table 2, a force sensor is installed on the outer side of the fixing plate, and the outer side of the force sensor is connected to the outer side of the load block.

[0014] The present invention provides a novel centripetal force demonstration instrument, which has the following beneficial effects: The present invention realizes stepless speed change by adopting a reduction motor combined with an angular velocity controller, integrates precision devices such as force sensors and photoelectric gates, and combines with phyphox software to generate a variety of relationship curves in real time to support quantitative analysis; the original value and square value of the angular velocity are synchronously displayed through the Hall sensor, and combined with dynamic curve comparison, the differentiated effects of the two on the centripetal force are clearly shown; and it supports multiple groups of angular velocity comparison experiments, which can also be operated by the remote control and real-time data feedback. Students can independently complete parameter adjustment and data analysis, and the experimental data supports CSV export, which significantly improves the teaching interactivity and exploration depth. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 A perspective view of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spacer of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the mounting plate structure of the present invention.

[0016] Among them, 1. Base; 2. Gear motor; 3. Assembly table one; 4. Single chip microcomputer; 5. Angular velocity controller; 6. Servo motor one; 7. Mounting seat; 8. Screw rod one; 9. Moving seat; 10. Assembly table two; 11. Spacer; 12. Photoelectric gate; 13. Test seat; 14. Limit seat; 15. Servo motor two; 16. Screw rod two; 17. Moving plate; 18. Push piece; 19. Mounting plate; 20. Sliding rod; 21. Load block; 22. Connector; 23. Fixed plate; 24. Force sensor; 25. Remote control. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the specification of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Please see attached Figure 1 -Attached Figure 3 The embodiment of the present invention provides a novel centripetal force demonstrator, including: a base 1 is made of thick metal material and has good stability, and its surface is finely polished so that it can fit tightly when other structural parts are subsequently assembled, ensuring that the entire device will not shake due to an unstable foundation during operation. The size of the base 1 is reasonably designed to be sufficient to bear the weight of all the structures above, providing solid and reliable support for the entire device, and serving as the basic component of the entire device for assembling and carrying other structural parts.

[0019] The appearance design of the remote control 25 conforms to ergonomics and is easy to hold and operate. It is placed on the outside of the base 1 and communicates with the overall device through wireless signals. It can remotely control the operation of the overall device, including starting, stopping, adjusting operating parameters, etc., greatly improving the convenience of operation.

[0020] The mass change mechanism is located above the base 1, and is mainly used to flexibly adjust the mass change required for the experiment. The test seat 13 is made of high-strength engineering plastics, which is light and durable. It is firmly set on the top of the assembly table 10. The load block 21 is made of a metal material with a high density, and is provided with a plurality of connectors 22 inside. The connectors 22 are made of metal and are rust-proofed to ensure stable and reliable connection with the slide bar 20. Multiple load blocks 21 can be combined in different quantities according to experimental requirements to accurately adjust the mass.

[0021] The radius changing mechanism is located at the bottom of the mass changing mechanism, and is used to accurately adjust the position of the mass changing mechanism, so as to change the rotation radius in the experiment. The top of the assembly table 3 is fixedly connected with two mounting seats 7 made of metal material, which ensures the stability of the screw rod 8 when it rotates inside. The screw rod 8 and the mounting seat 7 are rotatably connected through high-precision bearings, which reduces the friction during rotation and makes the movement of the moving seat 9 smoother. The inside of the moving seat 9 is connected to the outside of the screw rod 8 through a standard thread. When the servo motor 6 drives the screw rod 8 to rotate, the moving seat 9 can slide smoothly along the top slide rail of the assembly table 3. A high-precision photoelectric gate 12 is installed on the outside of the moving seat 9, and the photoelectric gate 12 can accurately measure the parameters such as the moving distance and speed of the moving seat 9. The spacer 11 fixedly connected to the outside of the assembly table 3 is made of insulating and wear-resistant material. It is located on the inside of the photoelectric gate 12 and works with the photoelectric gate 12 to ensure the accuracy of the measurement data. The top of the moving seat 9 is fixedly connected with an assembly platform 2 10 . The material of the assembly platform 2 10 is the same as that of the test seat 13 , and can stably carry the mass change mechanism.

[0022] The rotating mechanism is installed on the outside of the base 1, and is mainly used to accurately control the rotation angle of the radius changing mechanism. The reduction motor 2 is installed on the outside of the base 1 and is firmly connected to the base 1 through a specially designed mounting bracket. The output end of the reduction motor 2 is fixedly connected to the assembly table 3 through a high-strength coupling to ensure the stability and accuracy of power transmission. A single-chip microcomputer 4 is installed on the outside of the assembly table 3. The single-chip microcomputer 4 adopts a high-performance model, which can quickly process the data transmitted by various sensors and accurately control the equipment according to the preset program. An angular velocity controller 5 is installed on the outside of the assembly table 3. The angular velocity controller 5 is electrically connected to the reduction motor 2 through wires. It can monitor the speed of the reduction motor 2 in real time and accurately adjust it according to the experimental requirements to ensure that the angular velocity of the entire device is stable during the rotation process. The rotating mechanism includes a reduction motor 2, which is installed on the outside of the base 1. The output end of the reduction motor 2 is fixedly connected to the assembly table 3. The radius changing mechanism is installed on the top of the assembly table 3. The radius changing mechanism includes a servo motor 6, and the output end of the servo motor 6 is fixedly connected to a screw rod 8.

[0023] The top of the test seat 13 of the mass change mechanism is fixedly connected with a limit seat 14, which is made of metal material and plays an accurate limit role in the sliding of the moving plate 17. A servo motor 2 15 is installed on the top of the limit seat 14, and the output end of the servo motor 2 15 is fixedly connected with the screw rod 2 16 by a key connection to ensure the reliability of power transmission. The outer side of the screw rod 2 16 is connected to the moving plate 17 through a standard thread. When the servo motor 2 15 drives the screw rod 2 16 to rotate, the moving plate 17 can slide smoothly along the top of the limit seat 14. A push piece 18 is fixedly connected to one end of the moving plate 17. The push piece 18 is made of a metal material with high hardness and can effectively push multiple slide rods 20 to move. Two mounting plates 19 made of metal material are fixedly connected to the top of the test seat 13. Smooth slide rails are arranged inside the two mounting plates 19, and multiple slide rods 20 can slide flexibly therein. Multiple connectors 22 are arranged inside the load block 21, and one end of the connector 22 is connected to one end of the slide rod 20. The outer side of the second assembly platform 10 is fixedly connected with a fixing plate 23, which is made of metal material. A force sensor 24 is installed on the outer side of the fixing plate 23. The force sensor 24 can accurately measure the centripetal force exerted on the load block 21, and transmit the data to the single-chip microcomputer 4 in real time for processing and analysis. The outer side of the force sensor 24 is connected to the outer side of the load block 21. The mass change mechanism includes a test seat 13 and a load block 21, and the test seat 13 and the load block 21 are both arranged on the top of the second assembly platform 10.

[0024] Specifically, open the mobile phone phyphox software and connect it to the single-chip computer 4, click on the "Relationship between the size of the centripetal force and the radius" in the mobile phone phyphox software, click on the start button in the upper right corner after entering, and then turn on the angular velocity controller 5 to give the rotating body an angular velocity, and use the infrared remote control 25 to control the rotation of the screw rod 8 to control the radius to increase or decrease. The radius change speed can also be controlled by the remote control 25, and then view the image in the mobile phone phyphox software, or let students use the remote control 25 to control the size of the radius, record data, draw points and draw pictures by themselves, click on the "Relationship between the size of the centripetal force and the angular velocity" in the mobile phone phyphox software, click on the start button in the upper right corner after entering, and then turn on the angular velocity controller 5 to gradually increase the angular velocity or decrease the angular velocity. Yes, and then check the images in the phyphox software on the mobile phone. The images are divided into centripetal force and angular velocity images and centripetal force and angular velocity squared images. The former is a curve and the latter is a straight line. Students can also use the angular velocity controller 5 to control the size of the angular velocity, record data, and draw pictures by themselves. Click on the "Relationship between Centripetal Force and Mass" in the phyphox software on the mobile phone, and then click the start button in the upper right corner after entering. Then turn on the angular velocity controller 5 to give the rotating body an angular velocity, and use the infrared remote control 25 to control the rotation of the screw 2 16 to control the mass to increase or decrease. The mass change speed can also be controlled by the remote control. Then check the images in the phyphox software on the mobile phone. Students can also use the remote control 25 to control the size of the mass, record data, and draw pictures by themselves.

[0025] The following is some of the relevant codes used in microcontroller 4: Angular velocity identification and output function code: importmachine importtime fromfilteringimportKalmanFilter.

[0026] Initialize the photogate: photo_gate=machine.Pin(14,machine.Pin.IN).

[0027] Used to store the last trigger time: last_high_to_low_time=0 last_low_to_high_time=0.

[0028] Used to store angular velocity values: angular_velocities=[].

[0029] Working principle: First, after starting the reduction motor 2, it drives the assembly table 3 to rotate. Under the action of the reduction motor 2, the rotation speed can be made uniform. Starting the servo motor 6 can drive the screw 8 to rotate, so that the moving seat 9 moves, and then drive the assembly table 2 10 to move to adjust the radius of rotation. Starting the servo motor 2 15 drives the screw 2 16 to rotate, so that the moving plate 17 drives the push piece 18 to move, and then pushes the multiple sliding rods 20 to move, and then pulls the connecting head 22, so that the force sensor 24 can sense the change of centripetal force. These operations can be used in conjunction with the phyphox software on the mobile phone to clearly understand the change of centripetal force.

[0030] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A new centripetal force demonstration instrument, characterized in that: include: A base (1), the base (1) serving as a basic component of the overall device and used for assembling and supporting other structural components; A remote controller (25) is placed outside the base (1) and is used to control the operation of the entire device; A mass change mechanism, located above the base (1) and used to adjust the mass change; A radius changing mechanism, which is located at the bottom of the mass changing mechanism and is used to adjust the position of the mass changing mechanism; A rotating mechanism is mounted on the outside of the base (1) and is used to control the rotation angle of the radius variation mechanism. The rotating mechanism comprises a reduction motor (2). The reduction motor (2) is mounted on the outside of the base (1). The output end of the reduction motor (2) is fixedly connected to an assembly platform (3).

2. The novel centripetal force demonstration device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The radius changing mechanism is installed on the top of the assembly table (3), and the radius changing mechanism comprises a servo motor (6). The output end of the servo motor (6) is fixedly connected to a screw rod (8). The top of the assembly table (3) is fixedly connected to two mounting seats (7), and the outer side of the screw rod (8) is rotatably connected to the inside of the two mounting seats (7).

3. The novel centripetal force demonstration device according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The top of the assembly platform 1 (3) is slidably connected to a movable seat (9), the interior of the movable seat (9) is threadedly connected to the outer side of the screw rod 1 (8), a photoelectric gate (12) is installed on the outer side of the movable seat (9), the outer side of the assembly platform 1 (3) is fixedly connected to a spacer (11), the spacer (11) is located on the inner side of the photoelectric gate (12), and the top of the movable seat (9) is fixedly connected to the assembly platform 2 (10).

4. The novel centripetal force demonstration device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: A single-chip microcomputer (4) is installed on the outside of the assembly platform 1 (3), and an angular velocity controller (5) is installed on the outside of the assembly platform 1 (3), and the angular velocity controller (5) is electrically connected to the reduction motor (2).

5. The novel centripetal force demonstration device according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The mass change mechanism comprises a test seat (13) and a load block (21), wherein the test seat (13) and the load block (21) are both arranged on the top of the second assembly platform (10), the top of the test seat (13) is fixedly connected to a limit seat (14), and the top of the limit seat (14) is equipped with a second servo motor (15).

6. The novel centripetal force demonstration device according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The output end of the second servo motor (15) is fixedly connected to the second screw rod (16), the outer side of the second screw rod (16) is threadedly connected to the moving plate (17), the outer side of the moving plate (17) is slidably connected to the top of the limit seat (14), and one end of the moving plate (17) is fixedly connected to a push piece (18).

7. The novel centripetal force demonstration device according to claim 6 is characterized in that: The top of the test seat (13) is fixedly connected to two mounting plates (19), the interior of the two mounting plates (19) is slidably connected to a plurality of sliding rods (20), and the outer side of the push piece (18) is slidably connected to the outer sides of the plurality of sliding rods (20).

8. The novel centripetal force demonstration device according to claim 7 is characterized in that: A plurality of connectors (22) are provided inside the load block (21), one end of each connector (22) being connected to one end of the slide bar (20), a fixing plate (23) being fixedly connected to the outer side of the second assembly platform (10), a force sensor (24) being installed on the outer side of the fixing plate (23), and the outer side of the force sensor (24) being connected to the outer side of the load block (21).

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