Organic selenium analysis system based on drug metabolism and storage medium

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of analysis of drug metabolites, in particular to an organic selenium analysis system based on drug metabolism and a storage medium, a computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, the computer program comprises a program instruction, and when the program instruction is executed by a processor, the processor executes the following steps: selecting a target research object; the target research object comprises selenium which is easy to obtain and has different forms; setting experiment conditions according to the target research object, and obtaining drug metabolism original experiment information based on the target research object and the experiment conditions; establishing an information detection model according to the experiment conditions, and processing the drug metabolism original experiment information through the detection model to obtain drug metabolism experiment information; and constructing a drug metabolism organic selenium analysis mechanism based on the target research object and the drug metabolism experiment information, and analyzing the drug metabolism experiment information through the analysis mechanism to obtain a conversion path, an accumulation mode and a specific biological effect of organic selenium in the drug metabolism process.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of analysis of drug metabolites, and is an organic selenium analysis system and a storage medium based on drug metabolism. Background Art

[0002] In the current health science field, the benefits of selenium to human health and its potential in the prevention and treatment of specific diseases have become the focus of research. At the same time, the existing organic selenium analysis technology is still insufficient in studying the half-life of organic selenium in the body and its mechanism of regulating enzyme activity, making it difficult to accurately distinguish and evaluate the biological effects of different selenium forms.

[0003] In order to solve the related problems, it is urgent to carry out in-depth research and use scientific methods to explore the utilization efficiency and duration of different forms of selenium in organisms, and then build a selenium supplementation strategy based on the characteristics of selenium forms. The above strategy can lay a theoretical foundation for the optimal allocation and efficient utilization of selenium resources, and promote the development of the selenium industry in a healthier and more sustainable direction. In addition, it is necessary to strengthen the separation technology of selenium form detection and improve the detection sensitivity, so as to more effectively evaluate the effectiveness and safety of selenium-containing products, which will help purify the market environment and protect the rights and interests of consumers. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, in the first aspect, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, the computer program includes program instructions, and the program instructions, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to perform the following steps: select a target research object, the target research object includes selenium that is easily available and has different forms; set experimental conditions according to the target research object, and obtain original experimental information of drug metabolism based on the target research object and the experimental conditions; establish an information detection model according to the experimental conditions, process the original experimental information of drug metabolism through the information detection model, and obtain drug metabolism experimental information; construct a drug metabolism organic selenium analysis mechanism based on the target research object and the drug metabolism experimental information, and analyze the drug metabolism experimental information through the drug metabolism organic selenium analysis mechanism to obtain the conversion path, accumulation pattern and specific biological effect of organic selenium in the drug metabolism process. The present invention establishes a systematic analysis model and mechanism based on experimental information, which is helpful to understand the conversion path and accumulation pattern of selenium in the drug metabolism process, and can provide an important reference for the structural optimization of drugs, thereby improving the efficacy and safety of organic selenium.

[0005] Optionally, setting the experimental conditions according to the target research object and obtaining the original experimental information of drug metabolism based on the target research object and the experimental conditions includes: configuring an experimental information collection module according to the target research object and the experimental conditions; and setting a high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis technology in the experimental information collection module. The present invention uses the combined analysis technology in drug metabolism research, which can not only improve the sensitivity and accuracy of experimental data, but also deeply analyze the drug metabolism mechanism and guide drug development and optimization.

[0006] Optionally, the experimental conditions are set according to the target research object, and the original experimental information of drug metabolism is obtained based on the target research object and the experimental conditions, including: obtaining the morphological information, selenium content detection information and selenium metabolism information of selenium in the drug metabolism process based on the target research object and the experimental conditions: the experimental information collection module obtains the original experimental information of drug metabolism by combining the morphological information, the selenium content detection information and the selenium metabolism information. The present invention collects the morphological information, selenium content detection information and selenium metabolism information of selenium based on the target research object and the experimental conditions, which not only improves the accuracy and reliability of the research results, but also provides strong support for drug development and clinical application.

[0007] Optionally, the establishing of the information detection model according to the experimental conditions comprises: establishing the information detection model according to the experimental conditions, the original experimental information of drug metabolism and the drug metabolism mechanism, wherein the information detection model comprises a data acquisition time optimization model and a metabolic pathway mass balance verification model. The present invention establishes an information detection model according to the experimental conditions, including a data acquisition time optimization model and a metabolic pathway mass balance verification model, which can improve the scientificity and systematicity of the drug metabolism research results.

[0008] Optionally, the data collection time optimization model satisfies the following relationship: , in, Indicates any data collection starting point after correction. represents the standard test time interval of the experimental sample, represents the actual test time interval of the experimental sample, represents the difference index of the starting point of data collection, Indicates the actual starting point of any data collection. The present invention reduces the experimental error and deviation caused by improper data collection time based on the data collection time optimization model, thereby improving the reliability and repeatability of the experimental results.

[0009] Optionally, the metabolic pathway mass balance validation model satisfies the following relationship: , in, Represents the total amount of organic selenium, represents the stoichiometric coefficient of the organic selenium precursor metabolite x, represents the organic selenium requirement for 1 gram of precursor metabolite x produced by cell growth, represents the number of types of organic selenium precursor metabolites x, represents the stoichiometric coefficient of the organic selenium metabolic byproduct y, represents the organic selenium requirement for 1 gram of metabolic byproduct y produced by cell growth, represents the number of types of organic selenium metabolic byproducts y, represents the stoichiometric coefficient of the target organic selenium metabolite z, represents the organic selenium requirement for 1 gram of target metabolite z produced by cell growth, The metabolic pathway mass balance verification model of the present invention ensures the mass conservation of selenium in the entire metabolic process by calculating the input and output of organic selenium in different metabolic pathways in the organism, which helps to verify the accuracy and reliability of experimental data and reduce the deviation caused by experimental errors or sample losses.

[0010] Optionally, the setting of experimental conditions according to the target research object and obtaining original experimental information of drug metabolism based on the target research object and experimental conditions include: optimizing the data collection time point in the experimental process through the data collection time optimization model; analyzing the mass change of organic selenium in the metabolic process through the metabolic pathway mass balance verification model. The establishment and application of the relevant models of the present invention not only improve the scientificity and systematicity of drug metabolism research, but also promote research methods and technological innovations in this field, providing researchers with more accurate and efficient tools to explore the interaction mechanism between drugs and organisms.

[0011] Optionally, the drug metabolism original experimental information is processed by the information detection model, and the drug metabolism experimental information is obtained, including: obtaining the first experimental information of drug metabolism based on the optimized data collection time point; obtaining the experimental information test result according to the mass change and the first experimental information, and adjusting the first experimental information according to the experimental information test result to obtain the drug metabolism experimental information. The present invention optimizes data based on the optimized data collection time point, thereby improving the accuracy and representativeness of the experimental information, and helping to reduce errors and deviations caused by improper data collection time.

[0012] Optionally, the computer-readable storage medium further comprises: analyzing the metabolic status, enzyme activity changes and bioavailability of different forms of selenium in the metabolic process based on the transformation pathway, accumulation pattern and specific biological effect of organic selenium in the drug metabolism process. The present invention analyzes the transformation pathway and accumulation pattern of different forms of selenium in the drug metabolism process, which can provide a deeper understanding of the metabolic mechanism of selenium in the organism and help reveal the dynamic changes of selenium in the metabolic process.

[0013] On the other hand, the present invention also provides an organic selenium analysis system based on drug metabolism, comprising an input device, a processor, an output device and a memory, wherein the input device, the processor, the output device and the memory are interconnected, the memory comprises a computer-readable storage medium as described in the first aspect of the present invention, the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program comprises program instructions, and the processor is configured to call the program instructions. The system provided by the present invention has a compact structure, strong applicability, and greatly improves the operating efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0014] Figure 1 is a flow chart of program instructions in a computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of comparison of data collection time points before and after optimization in the computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the concentration change of different forms of selenium in the drug metabolism process in the computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the comparison of gender metabolic differences in the computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram comparing the selenium deposition amount of the testicle and the ovary in the computer readable storage medium provided by the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of selenium content in kidney and liver of different forms of selenium under single intragastric gavage conditions in the computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention; Figure 7 It is a bar graph of SOD activity, MDA content and GSH-Px activity in different forms of selenium experimental groups in the computer readable storage medium provided by the present invention; Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram comparing the selenium concentration in the blood under the conditions of single selenium supplementation and continuous selenium supplementation for seven days in the computer-readable storage medium provided by the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the protein-based atrial fibrillation risk prediction system of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below. It should be noted that the embodiments described herein are only for illustration and are not intended to limit the present invention. In the following description, a large number of specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it is obvious to those of ordinary skill in the art that these specific details do not need to be adopted to implement the present invention. In other examples, in order to avoid confusing the present invention, known circuits, software or methods are not specifically described.

[0016] Throughout the specification, references to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" mean that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the phrases "in one embodiment," "in an embodiment," "an example," or "an example" appearing in various places throughout the specification do not necessarily all refer to the same embodiment or example. In addition, particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in one or more embodiments or examples in any suitable combination and / or subcombination. In addition, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that the figures provided herein are for illustrative purposes and that the figures are not necessarily drawn to scale.

[0017] See also Figure 1 In one embodiment, the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the processor performs the following steps: S1. Select target research objects. In the embodiment, the target research objects mainly include selenium which is easily available and has different forms. The specific implementation steps and related contents are as follows: In this embodiment, the selection of target research objects and specific experimental steps are carried out, that is, the type analysis and content determination of different forms of selenium.

[0018] First, the target research subjects are selected and samples are collected.

[0019] In the embodiment, the target research object is preset as a series of selenium sources that are easy to obtain and in various forms. For this purpose, a selection was made in the Enshi area, which is rich in selenium resources, and a variety of natural food samples were collected, including but not limited to grains such as selenium-rich rice, wheat, etc., vegetables such as selenium-rich cabbage, spinach, etc., and special teas, etc. The above samples are naturally rich in selenium in different forms. At the same time, a variety of selenium nutritional enhancers were also collected as comparative research objects, including but not limited to common sodium selenite, efficient selenium-rich yeast, selenized carrageenan with specific biological activity, selenomethylselenocysteine, and the emerging plant selenoprotein source Cardamine extract.

[0020] In order to comprehensively cover and deeply study the different forms of selenium and its existence in nature and artificial products, a series of representative natural food samples were collected in multiple selenium-rich areas in Enshi, such as Xintang, Huabei, and Shadi. The above samples cover a wide range of food categories, including but not limited to grain crops (such as corn, beans), vegetables (such as cabbage, edible fungi), fruits (such as apples), eggs, animal offal, dairy products (such as liquid milk), traditional drinks (such as green tea, white wine), honey and solid seasonings, etc., thereby ensuring the diversity and representativeness of the sample sources.

[0021] At the same time, we conducted in-depth market research and purchased selenium nutritional enhancers that are widely circulated on the market from major supermarkets, pharmacies, and health product stores. The above products are of various types, mainly including sodium selenite, selenium-enriched yeast, selenized carrageenan, selenomethylselenocysteine, and selenoproteins. The collection of the above products not only enriches the research sample library, but also provides information support for the subsequent comparison and difference analysis of natural selenium-enriched foods and artificial selenium-enriched products.

[0022] Then, the target research samples were processed and the selenium species were separated.

[0023] In the embodiment, after the collected original research samples have been subjected to the pretreatment process, different forms of selenium are extracted and separated. In the embodiment, enzymatic hydrolysis is mainly used, and the research samples are gently decomposed using suitable proteases to ensure that various binding forms of selenium are effectively released while keeping the selenium form relatively stable. The above process improves the sensitivity of subsequent detection and further ensures the authenticity and representativeness of different forms of selenium.

[0024] Based on the above steps, selenium that is easily available and has different forms is obtained as the target research object of this embodiment. The above target research object covers a wide range of comprehensive original samples of selenium in different forms, laying a solid foundation for subsequent experimental analysis, morphological identification and content determination.

[0025] Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the method for selecting the target research object selenium is only an optional condition of the present embodiment. The method for selecting the target research object can be scientifically replaced according to the experimental prediction objectives and the requirements of organic selenium analysis. Different studies need to focus on different forms, biological effects or metabolic pathways of selenium. By scientifically replacing the method for selecting the target research object, it can be ensured that the experimental design is closely linked to the specific research objectives, thereby better meeting diverse research needs.

[0026] S2. Setting experimental conditions based on the target research object in step S1, and obtaining original experimental information on drug metabolism based on the target research object and experimental conditions. The specific implementation steps and related contents are as follows: In this embodiment, the analysis and research is based on the selenium-rich area of ​​Enshi, Hubei Province. It is necessary to set corresponding experimental conditions according to the target research object. The purpose is to study the natural selenium forms in the plant foods in this region and the selenium forms in the mainstream selenium-rich functional foods in the domestic market through a systematic experimental plan, and then deeply explore the actual conditions of different forms of selenium.

[0027] In an optional embodiment, a rat toxicity test and a bioavailability evaluation experimental program are set up based on the target research object, that is, a short-term and long-term toxicity test and a comprehensive bioavailability evaluation program.

[0028] Short-term toxicity assessment phase.

[0029] In the embodiment, a group of healthy rats with similar body weight are selected as the experimental model. According to the experimental design principle, they are randomly divided into several groups, and each group is given samples of different forms of selenium as the only variable. In a limited short period of time, such as a few days or weeks, it is necessary to pay close attention to and record the physiological reactions of the experimental model rats, including but not limited to behavioral changes, appetite and physical signs. At the same time, blood samples of the experimental model are regularly collected for biochemical index analysis, and further attention is paid to the changes in enzyme activity related to selenium metabolism. Based on this, the biological toxicity and preliminary biological effectiveness of different forms of selenium to rats in a short period of time can also be preliminarily evaluated.

[0030] In-depth evaluation phase of long-term toxicity and bioavailability.

[0031] After obtaining preliminary test data from the short-term test, the long-term feeding test phase began. This phase continued to use the previous grouping, but the observation period was extended to several months to more comprehensively simulate the scenario of long-term human selenium intake. During this period, not only the growth status of the experimental model, such as weight, body length, etc., and health status including disease incidence and mortality, were continuously monitored, but also the selenium content and enzyme activity changes in the blood and tissues of the experimental model were regularly tested to gain a deeper understanding of the specific effects of different forms of selenium on the experimental model's body under long-term action. The goal of this phase is to deeply evaluate the bioavailability and long-term safety of different forms of selenium, which will help provide a reliable basis for subsequent selenium supplementation strategies.

[0032] The stage of quantitative evaluation of selenium supplementation efficiency.

[0033] Based on the original experimental information on drug metabolism collected from short-term and long-term toxicity tests, a set of scientific and reasonable evaluation standards for selenium supplementation efficiency can be developed by comprehensively applying statistical methods and biological knowledge. This standard will comprehensively consider the absorption rate, bioavailability, effect on the enhancement of specific enzyme activity, and potential toxicity of different forms of selenium, and conduct a comprehensive and objective quantitative evaluation of the selenium supplementation effect of different forms of selenium, which will not only help to more accurately understand the advantages and limitations of different forms of selenium, but also provide strong technical support for the rational development and utilization of selenium resources.

[0034] The experimental information collection module is configured according to the above-mentioned target research objects and experimental conditions; at the same time, the high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis technology is set in the experimental information collection module, and its specific implementation content is as follows: In order to obtain drug metabolism experimental information of different forms of selenium in drug metabolism under different experimental conditions. In the embodiment, an experimental information collection module is configured in the drug metabolism organic selenium analysis system, and a high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis technology is set in the experimental information collection module to perform comprehensive and accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis of different forms of selenium. The above technology has high separation efficiency, which enables different forms of selenium to be effectively distinguished, further ensuring the accurate determination of selenium content, based on which the forms and specific contents of different forms of selenium under different experimental conditions can be identified and quantified.

[0035] Based on the target research object and experimental conditions, the morphological information, selenium content detection information and selenium metabolism information of the drug metabolism process are obtained. In the embodiment, the experimental information collection module combines the morphological information, selenium content detection information and selenium metabolism information to obtain the original experimental information of drug metabolism. The specific contents are as follows: In order to ensure the representativeness and accuracy of the original experimental information of drug metabolism in the embodiment. First, the target research object is subjected to a standard drying procedure to ensure thorough removal of moisture and obtain a uniform dry experimental sample. Subsequently, the dried experimental sample is refined using a high-precision pulverizing device to increase the release efficiency of selenium in subsequent steps. In the sample decomposition stage, by selectively adding a suitable protease and performing an enzymatic reaction under optimized conditions, selenium in different forms of occurrence in the sample is released to form a mixture. Next, using efficient semipermeable membrane technology, non-target components in the sample matrix are effectively removed through precise filtering operations to reduce interference with subsequent analysis. Finally, the filtered sample is concentrated to obtain a sample to be tested with suitable concentration and pure composition.

[0036] Then, high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to accurately analyze the different forms of selenium qualitatively and quantitatively. In the chromatographic separation stage, a high-quality analytical column of Hamilton PRP-Xl00 (250 mm×4 mm) and its pre-column were selected to ensure the efficient separation effect of the chromatography. The mobile phase system mainly consisted of 5 mM ammonium citrate solution and 2% (V / V) methanol. The pH value of the mobile phase was stabilized at about 4.9 by accurately controlling the amount of citric acid and ammonia added. The above conditions were conducive to the stability and separation of selenium forms. The flow rate of the mobile phase was set to 1 mL / min to ensure a stable flow rate and good separation during the analysis process. The injection volume was set to 100 μL to meet the sensitivity and accuracy requirements of the organic selenium analysis system.

[0037] For the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry part, the embodiments will be appropriately optimized based on the standard operating conditions of the instrument and the specific requirements of the experimental conditions. The above operating reference conditions include but are not limited to: adjustment of the RF power to excite the plasma, optimization of the carrier gas flow rate and composition to obtain a stable plasma state and good ion transmission efficiency, setting a suitable atomization chamber temperature and the geometric position of the sampling cone / interceptor cone to reduce ion loss, and adjusting the collision cell parameters such as the type and pressure of the collision gas to remove polyatomic ion interference. Through these optimization measures, ICP / MS will be able to achieve high sensitivity, high selectivity and high accuracy detection of selenium, ensuring accurate identification and quantitative analysis of different forms of selenium. For parameter information of the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry in the embodiments, please refer to Table 1.

[0038] Table 1 Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry parameter information table

[0039] Based on the drug metabolism experimental information preliminarily collected by the system experimental information collection module, the experimental conditions and operating procedures of different forms of selenium are further optimized.

[0040] After obtaining preliminary information on different forms of selenium and their contents, the differences in morphological distribution between samples of different forms of selenium and their possible causes were further analyzed. At the same time, in order to improve the stability and reliability of the original experimental information on drug metabolism, the operating conditions were optimized for each link in the experimental process, including but not limited to sample processing time, enzymatic conditions, chromatographic column selection, mobile phase ratio, and working parameters, to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the experimental results.

[0041] In this example, it is necessary to analyze the effects of different forms of selenium on rat enzyme activity and physiological metabolism in order to comprehensively evaluate the bioavailability and health effects of selenium. In the example, the absorption, distribution, metabolic mechanism and bioavailability of different forms of selenium in animals are revealed by comparing the effects of various forms of selenium, including inorganic selenium such as sodium selenite and sodium selenate, and organic selenium such as selenomethionine, selenocysteine, selenomethylselenocysteine ​​and selenopolysaccharides on the physiological and biochemical indicators of Wistar rats at SPF level.

[0042] Experimental design and implementation 1. Animal grouping and gavage feeding arrangement during the adaptation period One hundred and forty Wistar rats of similar body weight (100 ± 20 g) were selected and randomly divided into seven groups of 20 rats each, half of which were males and half were females, ensuring that there were no significant differences between the groups.

[0043] Before the experiment officially begins, all rats will receive gavage feeding for a week of adaptation to ensure that their physiological state is stable.

[0044] 2. Feed preparation and gavage feeding management The control group maintained an oral diet of ordinary feed, while the other groups had specific forms of selenium standard substances added to their feed to ensure that the added selenium dosage met the recommended daily intake (RNI) and tolerable upper intake level (UL) standards for humans, which was specifically set at 50 micrograms per rat per day.

[0045] After one week of gavage feeding, all groups resumed normal diet in order to observe the subsequent metabolic effects of selenium in the animals.

[0046] 3. Sample collection and indicator testing Urine and feces collection: Urine and feces of rats were collected at specific time points (e.g., 72 hours after the end of feeding) to analyze the excretion of selenium.

[0047] Blood sample collection: Blood samples were collected regularly (e.g., day 0, day 1, day 3, ... to week 4 of the experiment) by tail bleeding method. After separating the serum, the blood selenium concentration, key antioxidant enzyme (e.g., GSH-Px, SOD) activities, and lipid peroxidation product (e.g., MDA) levels were measured.

[0048] Tissue sample collection: At the end of the experiment, the main tissues and organs of the rats (liver, kidney, muscle, brain, heart, testis, hair, femur, etc.) were collected to determine the selenium content and changes in the same enzymes and oxidative stress indicators.

[0049] The data analysis and conclusions are as follows: Selenium metabolism kinetics: By analyzing the selenium content in urine, feces and tissues, the absorption rate, distribution pattern and excretion characteristics of different selenium forms in the body are evaluated.

[0050] Bioavailability and selenium supplementation efficiency: Combined with serum and tissue selenium levels, the bioavailability of each selenium form was calculated and compared to evaluate its potential value as a selenium supplement.

[0051] Enzyme activity and oxidative stress: To explore the effects of different forms of selenium on the antioxidant enzyme system in rats and reveal its mechanism of action in reducing oxidative stress and maintaining cell health.

[0052] Conduct further research and make recommendations based on the original experimental information. In order to further explore the relationship between selenium forms and gene expression and protein function, and to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanism of action of selenium, long-term feeding experiments can also be conducted to evaluate the potential effects of different selenium forms on rat growth, development, reproductive performance, and lifespan. At the same time, it is necessary to examine the interaction between selenium and other nutrients such as vitamin E and zinc, so as to provide a basis for the formulation of scientific dietary supplementation strategies. Furthermore, in view of the utilization rates of different forms of selenium in the body and their differential effects on enzyme activity, in order to comprehensively evaluate the metabolic characteristics, bioavailability and regulatory effects of different forms of selenium on the antioxidant enzyme system in rats, the selenium supplementation function grading and evaluation standards were established during the experiment based on the target research objects and experimental conditions. The above standards are intended to provide a quantitative basis for the selenium supplementation efficiency of natural selenium supplementation foods and selenium functional products on the market, which is conducive to the effective development of selenium resources and product optimization.

[0053] In the embodiment, corresponding classification principles and standard frameworks are set based on different forms of selenium and experimental conditions.

[0054] Based on the principles of biology, medicine and toxicology, combined with the specific effects of selenium forms, and comprehensive consideration of the residence time, bioavailability and positive regulatory ability of different forms of selenium in the body on enzyme activity, it helps to ensure the scientificity, fairness and operability of the grading standards.

[0055] Different forms of selenium are divided into four levels: Level I (high efficiency), Level II (effective), Level III (low efficiency), and Level IV (ineffective). The specific evaluation criteria mainly include the following indicators, please see Table 2 for details.

[0056] Table 2 Information on the classification standard of selenium supplementation efficiency of different forms of selenium

[0057] Through the above-mentioned experimental steps and analytical techniques, the types and contents of selenium in different forms were accurately determined. The original experimental information on drug metabolism was obtained based on this, laying a solid foundation for the subsequent in-depth study of selenium's metabolic mechanism, biological effects and application in drugs and nutritional supplements.

[0058] Furthermore, the method for obtaining the original experimental information of drug metabolism in this embodiment is only an optional condition of this embodiment. The method for obtaining the original experimental information of drug metabolism can be changed according to the specific experimental settings and the requirements of organic selenium analysis. Adjusting the method for obtaining experimental information according to the specific experimental conditions can optimize the experimental process, reduce unnecessary steps and reagent consumption, and improve experimental efficiency. At the same time, avoid problems such as experimental failure or inaccurate results caused by mismatched experimental conditions.

[0059] S3. Establish an information detection model according to the experimental conditions. In the embodiment, the original experimental information of drug metabolism is processed by the information detection model to obtain the experimental information of drug metabolism. The specific implementation steps and related contents are as follows: An information detection model is established based on experimental conditions, original experimental information on drug metabolism and drug metabolism mechanism. The above information detection model mainly includes: data collection time optimization model and metabolic pathway mass balance verification model. The specific implementation contents are as follows; The information detection model is a kind of setting based on the drug metabolism organic selenium analysis system. It does not directly correspond to the known metabolic pathways or specific reactions in the database. It can be used to simulate, predict and detect cell growth. The above detection model needs to be specifically constructed and improved based on the experimental conditions of the embodiment, the original experimental information of drug metabolism and the drug metabolism mechanism.

[0060] In an optional embodiment, a mixed solution containing a series of standard substances is used in the embodiment to explore the effects of chromatographic operating conditions such as mobile phase flow rate adjustment, chromatographic gradient change, chromatographic column difference, and instrument system change on retention time stability. Through systematic evaluation and experimentation of experimental conditions, a data acquisition time optimization model is constructed. This model adjusts each data acquisition time point in the original experimental information of drug metabolism, so that the experimental information of different forms of selenium is on a reference time axis, which helps to improve the accuracy and repeatability of the experimental information, effectively reduce the analysis errors caused by fluctuations in experimental conditions or external factors, and lay a solid foundation for subsequent quantitative analysis and data interpretation.

[0061] The above data collection time optimization model satisfies the following relationship:

[0062] in, Indicates any data collection starting point after correction. represents the standard test time interval of the experimental sample, represents the actual test time interval of the experimental sample, represents the difference index of the starting point of data collection, Indicates the actual starting point of any data collection.

[0063] The standard experimental time interval of experimental samples refers to a reasonable and acceptable time range set when analyzing experimental indicators and related traits under specific experimental conditions. The above interval needs to be determined based on historical research data, experimental design conditions and experimental purposes, so as to ensure the accuracy and repeatability of the experimental results.

[0064] The actual experimental time interval of the experimental sample refers to the actual time range from the starting point to the end of the experiment during the experiment. In addition, when conducting the experiment, pay close attention to the progress of the experiment and the changes in the experimental results, and adjust the experimental time in time as needed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the experimental results.

[0065] The difference index of the starting point of data collection refers to taking a specific time point or test condition as the starting point in the data collection process. By calculating the degree of difference between the data after any starting point and the expected, historical data or other reference standards, the relative size and trend of data changes can be measured. Based on this indicator, the changing patterns and characteristics of the test data can be understood, so as to make more accurate and scientific decisions.

[0066] In the embodiment, the difference index is calculated by comparing the difference between the observed value and the predicted value and taking into account the standard deviation of the residual, which can quantify the deviation between the actual result and the predicted result. The larger the index is, the more abnormal or individualized the test sample is.

[0067] In the embodiment, the difference index values ​​corresponding to all data collection time points in the liquid chromatography ion exchange separation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technology are calculated using a formula, which satisfies the following relationship:

[0068] in, represents the difference index of the starting point of data collection, express The data retention coefficient corresponding to the moment, Indicates the total number of correction information, Indicates the reference starting point for data collection, Represents any practical starting point for data collection.

[0069] The actual starting point of any data collection refers to the time point or event trigger point selected as the start of recording or collecting data during the specific data collection process. This starting point can be fixed or dynamic, depending on the purpose, requirements and actual situation of the experimental data collection. The starting point can accurately reflect the actual situation of data changes and ensure that the collected data can be used for subsequent analysis and decision support.

[0070] For a comparison of the optimization of data collection time points, see Figure 2 .

[0071] In another optional embodiment, when constructing an information detection model, the first step is to analyze the chemical composition of the experimental model in detail, including but not limited to macroscopic components such as carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids and proteins, as well as the specific proportions of small molecules within the macromolecules. The above information is crucial for determining how each metabolic pathway contributes to the synthesis of biomass during cell growth.

[0072] By integrating the original experimental information on drug metabolism and the mechanism of drug metabolism, a metabolic pathway mass balance verification model is constructed. The model can describe the transformation process from basic metabolites such as glucose and amino acids to cellular biomass, reflecting the conversion status of the target monitored substances and the energy conversion requirements. It is an important tool for evaluating the ability of metabolic models to predict cell growth. By continuously optimizing and adjusting the metabolic pathway mass balance verification model and its parameters, the accuracy and predictive ability of the model can be improved, providing strong support for research in fields such as bioengineering and synthetic biology.

[0073] The above metabolic pathway mass balance verification model satisfies the following relationship:

[0074] in, Represents the total amount of organic selenium, represents the stoichiometric coefficient of the organic selenium precursor metabolite x, represents the organic selenium requirement for 1 gram of precursor metabolite x produced by cell growth, represents the number of types of organic selenium precursor metabolites x, represents the stoichiometric coefficient of the organic selenium metabolic byproduct y, represents the organic selenium requirement for 1 gram of metabolic byproduct y produced by cell growth, represents the number of types of organic selenium metabolic byproducts y, represents the stoichiometric coefficient of the target organic selenium metabolite z, represents the organic selenium requirement for 1 gram of target metabolite z produced by cell growth, Represents the number of types of organic selenium target metabolites z.

[0075] The total amount of organic selenium refers to the total amount of all organic forms of selenium in the experimental samples of different forms of selenium during the test. The above-mentioned organic forms of selenium include large molecular selenium compounds such as selenoproteins, selenonucleic acids, and selenopolysaccharides, as well as small molecular selenium compounds such as selenoamino acids. The determination of the total amount of organic selenium is of great significance in the quality inspection of selenium-rich foods or agricultural products because it is closely related to the bioavailability and toxicity of selenium-rich foods. Since selenium exists in various forms in organisms, and the transformation and mutual influence between different forms are relatively complex, in actual operation, it is necessary to select a suitable determination method based on the specific conditions of the experimental samples and the experimental requirements, and strictly control the experimental conditions to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the total amount of selenium determination results. Above It represents the number of different metabolites during cell growth, and mainly includes three types of metabolites in the embodiment: organic selenium target metabolites, organic selenium precursor metabolites and organic selenium metabolic byproducts.

[0076] 1. Organic selenium target metabolites mainly include selenoamino acids and their derivatives, selenium-binding proteins and selenium-containing enzymes.

[0077] Among selenoamino acids and their derivatives, selenomethionine (SE-MET) and selenocysteine ​​(SE-CYS), as the cornerstones of organic selenium in the biological circulation, are not only deeply integrated into the protein synthesis process to form selenium-rich proteins, but also occupy a core position in the antioxidant defense mechanism and immune regulation system, showing multiple biological activities.

[0078] Based on selenoamino acid derivatives, the above derivatives are the products of further metabolism or modification of selenoamino acids in organisms. Their specific physiological effects and metabolic pathways vary according to the specific types, enriching the functional spectrum of selenium in organisms.

[0079] Selenium-binding proteins and selenoenzymes refer to the fact that organic selenium, after being metabolized in the body, binds to specific proteins to form a series of selenoproteins with different functions. These selenoproteins participate in key life processes such as cell antioxidant protection, detoxification of harmful substances, and regulation of hormone metabolism, and are important molecules for maintaining the homeostasis of organisms. Among them, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), thioredoxin reductase (TRXR), selenoprotein P (SELP), etc. are the main components of the selenoprotein family, each of which has unique physiological functions.

[0080] Selenomes are enzymes that contain selenium, with selenocysteine ​​as the active center, and have unique catalytic functions and biological activities. They perform irreplaceable physiological functions in organisms. For example, GPX enzymes can catalyze glutathione (GSH) to reduce peroxides in the body, thereby protecting cells from oxidative damage.

[0081] 2. Organic selenium precursor metabolites mainly include selenoamino acids, hydrogen selenide and precursors of selenoprotein synthesis. Organic selenium precursor metabolites refer to the key intermediates produced during the metabolism of organic selenium in organisms. They play an important role in the synthesis of selenoproteins and the regulation of various physiological functions of organisms. We can understand the metabolic pathways and biological significance of organic selenium precursor metabolites, and thus better guide the supplementation and utilization of selenium.

[0082] Selenamino acids: Selenomethionine (SE-MET) and selenocysteine ​​(SE-CYS) are two major organic selenium precursor metabolites. They can be converted into components of selenoproteins through a series of enzymatic reactions in the body. For example, SE-MET can be inserted into proteins to replace the original methionine residues to form selenoproteins.

[0083] Hydrogen selenide (HSE-): In certain metabolic pathways, organic selenium precursor metabolites will be reduced to hydrogen selenide (HSE-), which is an important selenium metabolic intermediate. HSE- can further participate in metabolic processes such as the synthesis and methylation of selenoproteins.

[0084] Precursors of selenoprotein synthesis: In addition to selenoamino acids, there are some other organic selenium precursor metabolites that can participate in the synthesis of selenoproteins. Under the catalysis of enzymes, the above-mentioned precursor metabolites undergo a series of complex reactions and ultimately generate biologically active selenoproteins.

[0085] Organic selenium precursor metabolites have important biological significance in organisms. They are not only the key raw materials for the synthesis of selenoproteins, but also participate in regulating various physiological functions of organisms. For example, selenoproteins play an important role in anti-oxidation, immune regulation, and thyroid hormone metabolism. Therefore, the metabolism and regulation of organic selenium precursor metabolites are of great significance for maintaining the healthy state of organisms.

[0086] 3. Organic selenium metabolic byproducts refer to some minor or unnecessary metabolites produced in addition to the main target products during the process of organic selenium being ingested and metabolized by organisms. The above byproducts have different chemical structures and biological activities, and their effects on organisms are also different.

[0087] In the metabolism of organic selenium, selenoamino acids such as selenomethionine SE-MET and selenocystine SE-CYS are key precursors, which are converted into components of selenoproteins or further participate in other metabolic pathways through a series of enzymatic reactions in the body. However, in this process, some by-products are also produced, such as selenide, selenosulfide, selenomethylation products, etc.

[0088] The specific types and quantities of by-products in the embodiments depend on many factors, including but not limited to the source of organic selenium, the intake, the metabolic state of the organism, and environmental conditions. Some of the by-products may have lower toxicity or biological activity and have no significant effect on the organism; while other by-products may be toxic or induce adverse reactions. The secondary or unnecessary metabolites produced by the metabolic by-products of organic selenium precursors during the organic selenium metabolism process have different effects on the organism.

[0089] The stoichiometric coefficients of different metabolites of organic selenium refer to the stoichiometric relationship between various organic selenium metabolites and between reactants or products during the metabolism of selenium in organisms. The above relationship can be reflected in a complex biochemical reaction network, which involves the generation, transformation and consumption of multiple metabolites. In practical applications, the content and proportion of various organic selenium metabolites in organisms are determined by experimental means, and then the stoichiometric relationship between different types of metabolites is inferred, which provides an important basis for in-depth research on the metabolic mechanism of selenium and the development of selenium-rich foods or drugs.

[0090] In this embodiment, the coefficients of different metabolites are determined based on 1 gram of cell dry weight, so the biomass reaction should satisfy the reaction mass conservation constraint. Therefore, the organic selenium requirement of 1 gram of different metabolites produced by cell growth involves multiple factors, including cell type, growth conditions, metabolic pathways, and selenium conversion efficiency in cells, etc. In the embodiment, based on the above-mentioned drug metabolism experimental information, historical analysis information and experimental detection data, experimental means are used to determine the utilization of selenium by cells and the amount of metabolites generated under specific conditions, so as to further obtain the organic selenium requirement of 1 gram of different metabolites produced by cell growth.

[0091] Finally, the data collection time point in the experiment was optimized through the above data collection time optimization model; the quality change of organic selenium in the metabolic process was analyzed through the metabolic pathway mass balance verification model, and the specific contents are as follows; In an optional embodiment, first experimental information on drug metabolism is obtained based on the optimized data collection time point; then, an experimental information test result is obtained based on the mass change and the first experimental information, and the first experimental information is adjusted based on the experimental information test result to obtain drug metabolism experimental information.

[0092] First, using the original experimental information of drug metabolism as a starting point, we deeply analyze the experimental information to reveal the general trend of the metabolic process and identify the key time nodes. The above key time nodes include but are not limited to the sharp change of metabolite concentration, the emergence of new metabolites, or the switching point of metabolic pathways. This step can gain a basic understanding of the dynamic process of metabolism and lay the foundation for the design of subsequent data collection plans.

[0093] Next, according to the speed of the metabolic process and the specific needs of the experiment, set the appropriate time resolution to guide the frequency of data collection. For processes with faster metabolic rates, a higher time resolution is required to ensure the continuity and accuracy of the data so that rapid changes in metabolite concentrations can be captured. On the contrary, for processes with slower metabolic rates, the time resolution can be appropriately reduced to reduce unnecessary data volume and save experimental resources.

[0094] During the experiment, the time point of data collection needs to be dynamically adjusted according to the real-time feedback data. This means that the changes in the metabolic process need to be continuously monitored, and the original data collection plan needs to be fine-tuned when necessary to further ensure that relevant data can be captured in time when key metabolic events occur, thereby avoiding the omission of important information.

[0095] Finally, by applying the above data collection time optimization model, the initially set data collection starting point can be further optimized, that is, any data collection starting point after correction can be obtained. This step aims to iterate and improve the data collection plan according to the actual progress of the experiment and the results of data analysis. By continuously optimizing the time point of data collection, valuable data can be collected more efficiently, providing a solid foundation for subsequent metabolic pathway analysis and mechanism research.

[0096] Based on any data collection starting point after correction, the experimental information of the corresponding time interval is obtained, that is, the first experimental information of drug metabolism in the embodiment; then, the metabolic pathway mass balance verification model is used to verify and analyze the experimental information of different time intervals, that is, to obtain the metabolic mass balance verification result of the first experimental information, and the first experimental information is adjusted according to the balance verification result to obtain the drug metabolism experimental information.

[0097] First, based on any corrected data collection starting point, the time interval covered by any starting point is obtained, and detailed drug metabolism test information is collected from this time interval, i.e., the first experimental information of Salem, including but not limited to changes in metabolite concentration over time, types and quantities of metabolites, and possible metabolic pathway indications.

[0098] Subsequently, in order to verify the accuracy and reliability of the above experimental information, the metabolic pathway mass balance verification model was used to conduct an in-depth analysis of the first experimental information. The balance verification model is based on the principle of material conservation and metabolic reaction kinetics to evaluate whether the mass changes of each component in the metabolic process are in line with expectations. The metabolic mass balance verification results of the first experimental information are obtained through verification analysis of the model. The above results can reveal whether there are deviations or inconsistencies in the experimental data.

[0099] Next, make necessary adjustments to the first experimental information based on the results of the metabolic mass balance verification. If the verification results show that the data are biased, it is necessary to review the experimental conditions, data collection methods, or data processing procedures to identify and correct potential problems. By adjusting the experimental information, ensure the accuracy and reliability of the test information and related data, so as to more accurately reflect the true process of drug metabolism. Furthermore, due to errors caused by instruments or operations in the experimental information collection module in the system, the drug metabolism experimental information still contains error information after the information detection model and processing. In the embodiment, the error information is eliminated by the following time window method.

[0100] First, a threshold is set, that is, the minimum number of continuous non-zero positive points that the spectrum peak should contain. In this embodiment, 20 continuous non-zero points are selected as the judgment standard. The above steps can filter out short-term, isolated non-zero information caused by random noise or instrument fluctuations, which usually do not have the typical characteristics of the spectrum peak. That is, the information sets corresponding to different time intervals are traversed, and the number of non-zero points in each time window is checked. Only when more than 20 non-zero points appear continuously in a certain time window, the time window will be regarded as a potential spectrum peak candidate and enter the next step of the verification process.

[0101] Next, further screening based on standard deviation verification. For the potential spectral peak candidate time window screened out in the previous step, the standard deviation is used as a further verification indicator in the embodiment, wherein the standard deviation is an important statistic to measure the degree of data dispersion. For the spectral peak, its internal data points, i.e., the intensity values, usually have large fluctuations, so the standard deviation will be relatively high. In the embodiment, the standard deviation of the data points in each potential spectral peak candidate time window is calculated, and the standard deviation is compared with a preset threshold value. Only when the standard deviation is greater than the threshold value, it is considered that there is indeed a spectral peak in the time window. The setting of the threshold needs to be determined according to the characteristics of the drug metabolism experimental information in different time intervals and the experimental requirements, so that the true spectral peak can be accurately identified.

[0102] In order to effectively eliminate non-spectral peak time windows caused by instrument or operation errors, a double screening strategy is adopted in the embodiment. First, a threshold value of the number of continuous non-zero points is set to exclude short-term and isolated non-zero signals. Then, for the remaining potential spectral peak candidate time windows, the standard deviation of the internal data points is further calculated and compared with a preset threshold. Only when the standard deviation is greater than the threshold, the existence of a true spectral peak in the time window is confirmed. The above method effectively improves the accuracy and reliability of drug metabolism experimental information.

[0103] Finally, the adjusted experimental information is the drug metabolism experimental information of the embodiment. The above drug metabolism experimental information is not only more accurate and reliable, but also provides a solid foundation for subsequent metabolic pathway analysis, drug mechanism research and drug development. Through the series of steps in the embodiment, the original drug metabolism experimental information is optimized and improved using the information detection model, and the final drug metabolism experimental information is obtained.

[0104] Furthermore, in the present embodiment, the method for obtaining drug metabolism experimental information is only an optional condition of the present embodiment, and can be adjusted according to the actual situation of the experimental information and the analysis requirements of organic selenium in the process of drug metabolism. Different drugs, biological systems and experimental conditions will lead to differences in drug metabolism. Adjusting the data collection and analysis strategy according to the actual situation of the experimental information can ensure that the experimental method is always highly consistent with the specific research objectives.

[0105] S4. Constructing a drug metabolism organic selenium analysis mechanism based on the target research object and the drug metabolism experimental information, analyzing the drug metabolism experimental information through the drug metabolism organic selenium analysis mechanism to obtain the transformation pathway, accumulation pattern and specific biological effect of organic selenium in the drug metabolism process, and the specific implementation content is as follows: Based on the transformation pathway, accumulation pattern and specific biological effects of organic selenium in drug metabolism, the metabolic status, enzyme activity changes and bioavailability of different forms of selenium in the metabolic process were analyzed.

[0106] In an optional embodiment, based on the experimental conditions, in order to explore the physiological effects of selenium on rats, two dosing regimens were designed during the experiment - single oral administration and 7 consecutive days of oral administration, in order to compare and observe the metabolic pathways, tissue distribution characteristics and regulatory effects on key enzyme activities of inorganic selenium (sodium selenite) and two organic selenium forms (selenomethionine and selenocystine) in the body, in order to reveal the bioavailability of selenium in different chemical forms for rats, its transport mechanism in the body and its differences and effects in maintaining the normal physiological functions of organisms.

[0107] Metabolic pathway analysis: By detecting the changes in selenium concentration in the blood of rats after single and continuous administration and the metabolic kinetics over time, the similarities and differences in the metabolic processes of absorption, transformation, and excretion of inorganic and organic selenium in the body were explored.

[0108] Tissue distribution study: The tissue sample analysis method is used to determine the selenium content in various important organs of rats (such as liver, kidney, heart, muscle, brain, etc.) to evaluate the distribution characteristics of different forms of selenium in the body, especially its enrichment in target organs.

[0109] Evaluation of the impact of enzyme activity: Enzymes closely related to selenium metabolism, antioxidant defense system, thyroid function, etc. (such as glutathione peroxidase GPX, thioredoxin reductase TrxR, deiodinase, etc.) are selected to explore the regulatory effects of different forms of selenium on the activities of these key enzymes through enzyme activity assays, and then understand their potential impact on the antioxidant capacity, metabolic regulation and overall health status of organisms.

[0110] In summary, the examples provide a scientific basis for optimizing selenium supplementation strategies, improving the bioavailability of selenium, and promoting human and animal health by comparing and analyzing the metabolic behavior, tissue distribution pattern, and changes in enzyme activity of selenium in rats after single and long-term oral administration of inorganic selenium and two types of organic selenium.

[0111] Effects of single intragastric administration of selenium supplementation on selenium metabolism, distribution and enzyme activities in rats.

[0112] Selenium samples: High-purity (≥98%) sodium selenite, as well as selenomethionine and selenocystine were used as selenium sources for the experiment.

[0113] Experimental animals: Healthy Wistar rats were selected as experimental subjects to ensure the reliability and repeatability of the experimental results.

[0114] Experimental grouping and drug administration,Grouping: The rats were randomly divided into four groups, including a control group (without selenium supplementation), a sodium selenite group, a selenomethionine group, and a selenocystine group.

[0115] Dosage: Each group of rats was supplemented with 100 µg / kg body weight (in terms of selenium) to compare the physiological effects of different forms of selenium at the same dose.

[0116] Administration: The drug was administered by oral gavage. The single-dose group was given only once, while the 7-day dosing group was given once a day. The volume of each administration was 10 mL / kg body weight to ensure uniform distribution of the drug and reduce errors.

[0117] Sample collection and processing, single selenium supplementation test: At different time points (1, 4, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours) after oral gavage, three rats were selected from each group to collect arterial blood and various tissue samples (blood, liver, kidney, heart, muscle, testis / ovary). These samples will be properly labeled and frozen for subsequent analysis of biochemical indicators such as total selenium content and enzyme activity.

[0118] 7-day selenium supplementation test: After 7 consecutive days of administration, orbital blood was collected at designated time points (especially 48 hours), and tissue samples were collected at 48 hours. This design aims to observe the sustained effects of long-term supplementation of different forms of selenium on the physiological state of rats.

[0119] Biochemical index detection, total selenium content determination: Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to determine the total selenium content in each sample to evaluate the absorption, distribution, and metabolism of selenium in the body.

[0120] Enzyme activity detection: focus on detecting the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). These two enzymes are important components of the antioxidant defense system, and changes in their activity can reflect the impact of selenium on the body's antioxidant capacity.

[0121] Lipid peroxidation index: Malondialdehyde (MDA) content was measured as a marker of lipid peroxidation to evaluate the effect of selenium on reducing oxidative stress and cell damage.

[0122] Through a carefully designed experimental program, the effects of single and long-term supplementation of different forms of selenium on selenium metabolism, distribution and physiological effects in Wistar rats were systematically explored, providing a valuable reference for a deeper understanding of the biological functions of selenium and optimizing selenium supplementation strategies.

[0123] On the other hand, animal experiments are carried out under standard conditions, and standard quality control samples and information detection models are used to control experimental errors during the detection and acquisition of drug metabolism experimental information. In the embodiment, the data collection starting point is first optimized by the data collection time optimization model in the information detection model, and then the metabolic pathway mass balance verification model is used to test the accuracy of experimental information in different data collection intervals to ensure the quality of drug metabolism experimental information.

[0124]

[0125]

[0126] Based on the drug metabolism experiment information, the concentration changes of various forms of selenium in rat blood after a single oral gavage were plotted. For details, please refer to Figure 3 .

[0127] based on Figure 3 According to the relevant information detection model, in the experiment of rats given different forms of selenium by oral gavage, significant changes in selenium concentration in the blood were observed. All selenium-added groups (sodium selenite group, selenomethionine group, and selenocystine group) showed a significant increase in selenium concentration compared with the control group, which directly reflects the effective intake and absorption of selenium sources. It is worth noting that this concentration increase reached a significant peak within about 4 hours after gavage, among which the selenomethionine group showed the highest peak concentration, which may be related to its higher bioavailability or absorption rate in the body.

[0128] However, as time went on, although the selenium content in the blood of rats in each selenium-supplemented group increased rapidly in the early stage, these concentrations gradually stabilized 48 hours after a single selenium supplementation, and ultimately there was no significant difference between them and the control group (p>0.05). The above phenomenon shows that a single dose of selenium can significantly increase the selenium level in the blood in a short period of time, but it cannot achieve long-term selenium accumulation or maintain a high steady-state concentration. It may be due to the combined effect of the body's metabolism, distribution and excretion mechanisms of selenium, which makes the excess selenium be cleared in time or converted into other forms of storage, thereby maintaining the dynamic balance of selenium in the body.

[0129] In summary, a single selenium supplementation can cause a transient increase in selenium concentration in the blood of rats and reach a peak within a certain period of time, but then quickly stabilizes and cannot form a long-term selenium accumulation effect. This is of great significance for understanding the metabolic dynamics of selenium and formulating reasonable selenium supplementation strategies.

[0130] Furthermore, the differences between male and female rats in the experiment were analyzed based on the information of drug metabolism experiments. For details, please refer to Figure 4 .

[0131] Combining the results of a single selenium supplementation experiment with the information from the drug metabolism experiment, it can be seen that the selenium deposition in the gonads, especially the testicles and ovaries, did not increase significantly. For details, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This further revealed that a single selenium supplementation is not sufficient to immediately have a significant effect on the selenium reserves of the gonads. However, the deposition of selenocystine in the testes significantly exceeded that in the ovaries and the other two forms of selenium. The above findings not only emphasize the differences in tissue deposition of selenium forms, but also suggest that oral supplementation of different forms of selenium may induce specific selenium supplementation effects in different sexes or tissues.

[0132] Combining existing research results and drug metabolism experimental information, it can be seen that selenium is essential for male reproductive health. It is a key element for testosterone biosynthesis, sperm formation and development. The positive correlation between selenium levels in male semen and sperm counts further proves the core role of selenium in maintaining male reproductive function. The above experimental results are consistent with the research, especially the more obvious changes in selenium content observed in the testicles of male animals such as rats, which not only verifies the positive effect of selenium on male gonads, but also further suggests the role of selenium in promoting male reproductive health. Selenium supplementation strategies also need to pay attention to the form of selenium and its deposition characteristics in different tissues.

[0133] In summary, although a single selenium supplementation experiment failed to observe a significant increase in selenium deposition in all gonads, the specific deposition of selenocysteine ​​in the testicles, combined with an in-depth understanding of the relationship between selenium and male reproductive health based on known research, further revealed the complexity and specificity of selenium supplementation in different genders and tissues, and provided a valuable reference for further optimizing selenium supplementation programs and improving the effectiveness of selenium supplementation.

[0134] Since kidney and liver are the main selenium storage organs in the metabolic process, the changes in selenium content in different forms of selenium in various tissues after a single intragastric gavage were obtained based on drug metabolism experimental information. For details, please refer to Figure 6 .

[0135] Kidney and liver are important reservoirs of selenium in rats. The selenium content in rats showed a significant growth trend after a single oral gavage of three forms, including sodium selenoselenite, selenomethionine, and selenocystine, highlighting the core role of kidney and liver in selenium metabolism and storage. Compared with the control group, the selenium content in the two key organs of all rats in the selenium-added group was significantly increased, further verifying the effective absorption and distribution of the selenium source.

[0136] However, although the selenium content in kidney and liver increased significantly, the changes in selenium content in tissues such as heart, muscle, testis and ovary were not obvious. This indicates that a single oral administration of selenium is not enough to immediately increase the selenium deposition in non-major storage organs, further indicating that the distribution and accumulation of selenium among tissues requires longer time and more frequent supplementation.

[0137] In addition, it was observed that the selenium content in the kidneys of rats in the selenocysteine ​​group increased significantly, among which the sodium selenite group and selenomethionine group showed a more obvious increase, which explained that selenocysteine ​​has a higher affinity or better storage efficiency in the kidneys. However, in other tissues, the deposition effects of the above three forms of selenium did not show significant differences, thus emphasizing that the distribution and metabolism of selenium in the body are tissue-specific.

[0138] In summary, a single oral administration of different forms of selenium can significantly increase the selenium content in the kidney and liver of rats, but the deposition effect in other tissues is limited. At the same time, the special performance of selenocysteine ​​in the kidney also suggests that the metabolism and storage mechanisms of different forms of selenium in the body are different. The above findings are of great significance for a deeper understanding of the biological functions of selenium and the formulation of more precise selenium supplementation strategies.

[0139] For details on the changes in the antioxidant capacity of rats after selenium supplementation, please refer to Figure 7 .

[0140] based on Figure 7It can be seen that compared with the control group, rats in the experimental groups of different forms of selenium showed signs of enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, specifically a slight increase in the activity of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GSH-Px (glutathione peroxidase), and a relative decrease in the content of MDA (malondialdehyde) lipid peroxidation products. The changes in the above biochemical indicators collectively point to a positive conclusion that selenium supplementation can indeed effectively promote the activation of the antioxidant system in rats, thereby enhancing their ability to resist oxidative stress and protect cells from damage.

[0141] Furthermore, it is necessary to compare the differences between different forms of selenium. In the context of short-term selenium supplementation, the effects of different forms of selenium on the antioxidant capacity in the body's serum did not show significant differences, which means that in the short term, the body may absorb and utilize different forms of selenium in a relatively non-specific manner to support its antioxidant defense mechanism.

[0142] In summary, based on relevant research results and drug metabolism experimental information, it not only confirms the positive effect of selenium supplementation on improving the antioxidant capacity of rats, but also reveals the phenomenon that the selenium form has little effect on the antioxidant effect during short-term selenium supplementation. This has important reference value for in-depth understanding of the biological function of selenium and formulating flexible selenium supplementation strategies.

[0143] Compared with a single selenium supplementation, continuous selenium supplementation for seven days significantly increased the total selenium concentration in the blood. A single selenium supplementation increased the selenium content in the body in a short period of time, but it was basically metabolized to the initial level after 48 hours. The blood selenium concentration at metabolic equilibrium 48 hours after the end of 7 consecutive days of selenium supplementation was significantly higher than the blood selenium equilibrium concentration after a single selenium supplementation. For a schematic diagram comparing the total selenium concentration in the blood after a single selenium supplementation and continuous selenium supplementation for seven days, please see Figure 8 .

[0144] based on Figure 8 From the information, we can see that, first of all, compared with a single selenium supplementation, the seven-day selenium supplementation strategy significantly improved the long-term stability of the total selenium concentration in the blood. Although a single selenium supplementation can quickly increase the selenium content in the body, it will quickly fall back to the basal level within 48 hours, showing a short half-life. On the contrary, seven consecutive days of selenium supplementation not only effectively maintains a high level of selenium in the body, but also the blood selenium equilibrium concentration 48 hours after the end of selenium supplementation is significantly higher than the level after a single selenium supplementation, indicating that extending the selenium supplementation time is the key to promoting the effective deposition of exogenous selenium in the body.

[0145] Furthermore, the researchers focused on two forms of organic selenium, including selenomethionine and selenocysteine, and found that their residual amounts in the blood did not show significant differences (p>0.05). The above results mean that under the same selenium supplementation duration and conditions, the absorption, metabolism and deposition processes of the above two organic selenium in the body have similar efficiencies or mechanisms, at least in the specific biological fluid of blood.

[0146] The above research results emphasize the importance of time factors in selenium supplementation strategies and reveal the positive role of continuous selenium supplementation in enhancing the deposition of selenium in the body. At the same time, for specific organic selenium forms, at least in the short term, their blood residual amounts did not show significant differences due to morphological differences, providing a new perspective for understanding the biological effects of selenium.

[0147] Regardless of the form of selenium or the length of time of selenium supplementation, the distribution of selenium in various tissues in the animal body shows a general pattern, that is, the selenium content is highest in the kidney, followed by the liver, and then the testicles, while the selenium content in the heart and muscle is relatively low. Please see Table 3 for details, which reflects the differences in the uptake, storage and metabolic capacity of different tissues for selenium.

[0148] Table 3 Distribution information of different forms of selenium in various tissues

[0149] Based on the information in Table 3, the influence of the selenium supplementation method was further analyzed. Compared with a single selenium supplementation, the total selenium concentration in various tissues and organs of rats increased significantly after seven consecutive days of selenium supplementation and 48 hours after the end. This shows that extending the selenium supplementation time not only helps to maintain a stable level of selenium in the blood, but also promotes the accumulation and storage of selenium in more tissues. In addition, after a single oral gavage of selenium supplementation, the deposition of selenocystine in various tissues was more significant than that of selenomethionine. However, when the selenium supplementation method was changed to a seven-day oral gavage of selenium supplementation, the situation was reversed, and the deposition of selenomethionine in various tissues exceeded that of selenocystine. It can be seen that there may be a complex interaction between the single or continuous selenium supplementation method and the form of selenium, which jointly affect the distribution and deposition pattern of selenium in the body. Based on this, it not only reveals the distribution law of selenium in various tissues in animals, but also deeply explores the influence of selenium supplementation methods and selenium forms on selenium deposition, providing a valuable reference for further optimizing selenium supplementation strategies.

[0150] For further information, see Fig. 9 In an optional embodiment, the organic selenium analysis system based on drug metabolism also includes an input device, an output device and a processor, wherein the input device, the processor, the memory and the output device are interconnected to realize information exchange and data processing.

[0151] In this embodiment, the input device is used to provide input related data or instructions to the system. In the organic selenium analysis system for drug metabolism, the input device may include common human-computer interaction interface devices such as keyboard, mouse, touch screen, etc. Through the input device, doctors or researchers can input experimental information or other necessary input parameters.

[0152] The processor is the core component of the system, responsible for executing computer program instructions, processing and analyzing data. In the organic selenium analysis system for drug metabolism, the processor analyzes and interprets the input drug metabolism experimental information by running pre-programmed algorithms and models. The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU) or other dedicated processing units.

[0153] The memory is used to store computer programs, data and parameters required by the system. It can include random access memory (RAM) for temporary data storage and processing, and persistent memory (such as a hard disk or solid-state drive) for long-term storage and preservation of data.

[0154] The output device is used to present the results of system processing and analysis to the user or external device. In the organic selenium analysis system of drug metabolism, the output device can be a display, a printer, a chart drawing device, etc. Through the output device, the system can display the results of organic selenium analysis to evaluate the selenium supplementation effect of different forms of selenium, propose the concept of selenium supplementation by selenium form selection, and guide the development and utilization of selenium resources.

[0155] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present invention.

Claims

1. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that: The computer readable storage medium stores a computer program, wherein the computer program includes program instructions, and when the program instructions are executed by a processor, the processor performs the following steps: Selecting target research objects, wherein the target research objects include selenium that is easily available and in different forms; Setting experimental conditions according to the target research object, and obtaining original experimental information on drug metabolism based on the target research object and the experimental conditions; Establishing an information detection model according to the experimental conditions, processing the original experimental information of drug metabolism through the information detection model, and obtaining drug metabolism experimental information; Based on the target research object and the drug metabolism experimental information, a drug metabolism organic selenium analysis mechanism is constructed, and the drug metabolism experimental information is analyzed through the drug metabolism organic selenium analysis mechanism to obtain the transformation pathway, accumulation pattern and specific biological effect of organic selenium in the drug metabolism process.

2. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein: The step of setting the experimental conditions according to the target research object and obtaining the original experimental information of drug metabolism based on the target research object and the experimental conditions comprises: Configure an experimental information collection module according to the target research object and the experimental conditions; A high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analysis technology is set in the experimental information collection module.

3. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 2, wherein: The step of setting the experimental conditions according to the target research object and obtaining the original experimental information of drug metabolism based on the target research object and the experimental conditions comprises: Based on the target research object and experimental conditions, the form information, selenium content detection information and selenium metabolism information of the drug metabolism process were obtained: The experimental information collection module combines the morphological information, the selenium content detection information and the selenium metabolism information to obtain the original experimental information on drug metabolism.

4. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein: The information detection model is established according to the experimental conditions, comprising: An information detection model is established according to the experimental conditions, the original experimental information of drug metabolism and the drug metabolism mechanism. The information detection model includes a data acquisition time optimization model and a metabolic pathway mass balance verification model.

5. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 4, wherein: The data collection time optimization model satisfies the following relationship: ， in, Indicates any data collection starting point after correction. represents the standard test time interval of the experimental sample, represents the actual test time interval of the experimental sample, represents the difference index of the starting point of data collection, Indicates the actual starting point of any data collection.

6. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 4, wherein: The metabolic pathway mass balance verification model satisfies the following relationship: ， in, Represents the total amount of organic selenium, represents the stoichiometric coefficient of the organic selenium precursor metabolite x, represents the organic selenium requirement for 1 gram of precursor metabolite x produced by cell growth, represents the number of types of organic selenium precursor metabolites x, represents the stoichiometric coefficient of the organic selenium metabolic byproduct y, represents the organic selenium requirement for 1 gram of metabolic byproduct y produced by cell growth, represents the number of types of organic selenium metabolic byproducts y, represents the stoichiometric coefficient of the target organic selenium metabolite z, represents the organic selenium requirement for 1 gram of target metabolite z produced by cell growth, Represents the number of species of organic selenium target metabolites z.

7. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 4, wherein: The step of setting the experimental conditions according to the target research object and obtaining the original experimental information of drug metabolism based on the target research object and the experimental conditions comprises: Optimizing the data collection time points during the experiment by using the data collection time optimization model; The mass balance validation model of the metabolic pathway was used to analyze the mass changes of organic selenium during the metabolic process.

8. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 7, wherein: The processing of the original drug metabolism experimental information by the information detection model to obtain the drug metabolism experimental information includes: Obtaining the first experimental information of drug metabolism based on the optimized data collection time point; An experimental information test result is obtained according to the mass change and the first experimental information, and the first experimental information is adjusted according to the experimental information test result to obtain drug metabolism experimental information.

9. The computer-readable storage medium according to claim 1, wherein: The computer readable storage medium further includes: Based on the transformation pathway, accumulation pattern and specific biological effects of organic selenium in drug metabolism, the metabolic status, enzyme activity changes and bioavailability of different forms of selenium in the metabolic process were analyzed.

10. An organic selenium analysis system based on drug metabolism, characterized in that: The invention comprises an input device, a processor, an output device and a memory, wherein the input device, the processor, the output device and the memory are interconnected, the memory comprises a computer-readable storage medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, the memory is used to store a computer program, the computer program comprises program instructions, and the processor is configured to call the program instructions.

Images