Battery pack protection device

Abstract

The invention discloses a battery pack protection device which is characterized by comprising an impact layer, a buffer energy absorption layer and an impact force dispersion energy absorption layer which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, a battery pack is arranged on the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer, and an impact force transmission mechanism used for vertically and upwards transmitting impact force to the buffer energy absorption layer is arranged in the impact layer. An impact force dispersing and energy absorbing mechanism used for horizontally dispersing impact force is arranged in the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing layer, and the buffering and energy absorbing layer is arranged between the impact force transmission mechanism and the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing mechanism. The device has the advantages that the structure is simple, and the impact force is reduced in a grading manner, so that the battery pack is well protected.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of battery pack protection for electric vehicles, and in particular to a battery pack protection device. Background Art

[0002] With the greenhouse effect and various environmental problems brought by fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles have gradually become the mainstream direction of contemporary vehicle development. Among new energy vehicles, the battery pack is a core component. Considering the small impact on the overall center of gravity and space of the vehicle, the battery pack is usually arranged at the bottom of the vehicle. However, during the high-speed driving of the vehicle, it is extremely vulnerable to the impact and extrusion of road debris, which can easily cause deformation, short circuit, or even fire and explosion of the battery pack, seriously endangering the safety of passengers. Therefore, the protection of the battery pack is particularly important. In the existing protection technologies, high-strength steel or aluminum alloy is usually installed at the bottom of the battery box as a protection structure. This structure can only absorb energy through the local plastic deformation of the metal, and the non-impact area cannot deform and absorb energy better. The impact force is concentrated and transmitted to the battery pack, affecting the anti-impact performance of the entire protection structure and resulting in poor protection effects. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a battery pack protection device with a simple structure and good protection effect.

[0004] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above technical problems is as follows: A battery pack protection device includes an impact layer, a buffer energy absorption layer, and an impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The battery pack is arranged on the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer. An impact force conduction mechanism for vertically transmitting the impact force upward to the buffer energy absorption layer is arranged in the impact layer. An impact force dispersion and energy absorption mechanism for horizontally dispersing and absorbing the impact force is arranged in the impact force dispersion and energy absorption layer. The buffer energy absorption layer is arranged between the impact force conduction mechanism and the impact force dispersion and energy absorption mechanism.

[0005] The impact force conduction mechanism includes a conduction cavity arranged in the impact layer. The conduction cavity correspondingly forms an impact force conduction area. A plurality of partition plates are vertically arranged in parallel and at intervals in the conduction cavity. The plurality of partition plates divide the conduction cavity into a plurality of independent conduction tracks from left to right. A plurality of conduction balls for force conduction are continuously arranged in sequence from front to back in each conduction track. The adjacent conduction balls in the front and back are arranged in contact. The width of the conduction track in the left-right direction is matched with the diameter of the conduction ball, so that after the impact layer is impacted, the conduction balls can only move in the up-down direction, realizing the vertical upward conduction of the impact force.

[0006] Lubricating oil is arranged in the conductive track.

[0007] The buffer energy absorption layer includes a rigid energy absorption substrate and a plurality of energy absorption springs evenly distributed and fixedly arranged on the energy absorption substrate. The energy absorption substrate can be movably arranged up and down between the impact layer and the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer. The impact layer, the energy absorption substrate, the energy absorption springs, and the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer are arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

[0008] The impact layer and the impact force dispersing energy absorbing layer are connected via a vertically arranged connecting column. A guide hole is arranged on the energy absorbing substrate at a position corresponding to the connecting column. The energy absorbing substrate is installed on the connecting column through the guide hole. Under the coordinated guiding action of the guide hole and the connecting column, the energy absorbing substrate can move in the up and down directions.

[0009] The energy absorbing substrate is a square plate, and the guide holes are respectively arranged on the four corners of the energy absorbing substrate. The number and positions of the connecting columns match the guide holes.

[0010] The impact force dispersing and energy absorbing mechanism includes a plurality of force-bearing unit cells arranged in the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing layer. The plurality of force-bearing unit cells are fixedly arranged in the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing layer at intervals, and adjacent force-bearing unit cells are connected by force conduction rods.

[0011] The force-bearing unit cell comprises at least three horizontally arranged hexagonal bearing rings, wherein the plurality of bearing rings are arranged opposite to each other from top to bottom and spaced apart, wherein the bearing ring has six sides, and the six sides are connected at the first positions to form six connection angles, wherein the bearing ring located at the odd-numbered layers is the first bearing ring, and the bearing ring located at the even-numbered layers is the second bearing ring, and a second bearing ring is spaced apart between two upper and lower adjacent first bearing rings; Each connection angle on the first carrying ring is connected to the nearest connection angle on the adjacent second carrying ring below it in the clockwise direction via a first oblique rod, and each connection angle on the second carrying ring is connected to the nearest connection angle on the adjacent first carrying ring below it in the counterclockwise direction via a second oblique rod, and the first oblique rod and the second oblique rod connected at the same connection angle form an obtuse angle; Between adjacent force-bearing unit cells: the bearing rings located on the same horizontal layer are connected by a force transmission rod, and the two ends of the force transmission rod are respectively connected to one of the connecting angles of the corresponding bearing ring, and the multiple force transmission rods arranged in sequence from top to bottom are cross-arranged in pairs.

[0012] A dispersion cavity is arranged in the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer, and the dispersion cavity forms a corresponding impact force dispersion area. The bearing ring located at the top is fixedly arranged on the top inner end surface of the dispersion cavity, and the bearing ring located at the bottom is fixedly arranged on the bottom inner end surface of the dispersion cavity.

[0013] The impact force dispersing and energy absorbing layer is a porous structure.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are: simple structure, firstly, the impact layer is used to bear the impact force from various directions, and then, through the impact force transmission mechanism arranged in the impact layer, the impact force from different directions is first converted into a vertical upward force as much as possible and transmitted to the buffer energy absorption layer arranged on the impact layer, and the impact force is dispersed and buffered and weakened by the buffer energy absorption layer, and finally, the weakened impact force is transmitted to the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer through the buffer energy absorption layer, and the remaining impact force is horizontally dispersed through the impact force dispersion energy absorption mechanism arranged in the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer, so that the non-impact parts also bear these impact forces at the same time, and finally the impact force is reduced in stages, thereby forming a better protection for the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall three-dimensional structure of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the impact layer in the present invention; Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the decomposition structure of the present invention; Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure in which single force-bearing unit cells are connected in the present invention; Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure in which a plurality of force-bearing unit cells are connected in the present invention; Figure 7 This is a simulation diagram of the morphological changes of the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing mechanism of the present invention after being subjected to the impact force at different time points t, wherein different colors are used to distinguish the corresponding stresses of various areas of the load-bearing ring at different time points after being subjected to the impact. The specific stress data corresponding to different colors refer to Figure 7 The stress data comparison column on the right; Figure 8 for Figure 7 The schematic diagram of the comparison of the three forms of the middle impact area at different time points t. The blue and yellow areas in the figure represent the stress magnitude of the corresponding area of ​​the load-bearing ring at t=69s after the impact. The specific corresponding stress data refer to Figure 7The stress data comparison column on the right; Fig. 9 The experimental and simulated dynamic and static experimental data and comparison diagrams for the impact dispersion energy absorption layer in the present invention; Fig.10 It is a comparison diagram of the experimental and simulated morphologies of the impact layer and the impact dispersion energy absorption layer in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0017] As shown in the figure, a battery pack protection device includes an impact layer 1, a buffer energy absorption layer 2 and an impact force dispersing energy absorption layer 3 which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The battery pack (not shown in the figure) is arranged on the impact force dispersing energy absorption layer 3. An impact force conduction mechanism for transmitting the impact force vertically upward to the buffer energy absorption layer 2 is arranged in the impact layer 1. An impact force dispersing energy absorption mechanism for dispersing the impact force horizontally is arranged in the impact force dispersing energy absorption layer 3. The buffer energy absorption layer 2 is arranged between the impact force conduction mechanism and the impact force dispersing energy absorption mechanism.

[0018] In this specific embodiment, the impact force conduction mechanism includes a conduction cavity arranged in the impact layer 1, and the conduction cavity corresponds to forming an impact force conduction area. A plurality of partitions 11 are vertically parallel and spaced apart in the conduction cavity. The plurality of partitions 11 divide the conduction cavity from left to right into a plurality of independent conduction tracks 12. A plurality of conduction balls 13 for force conduction are arranged continuously from front to back in each conduction track 12. The front and rear adjacent conduction balls 13 are arranged close to each other. The width of the conduction track 12 in the left and right directions matches the diameter of the conduction balls 13, so that after the impact layer 1 is impacted, the conduction balls 13 can only move in the up and down directions, thereby realizing the vertical upward conduction of the impact force. In this way, the impact force from different directions hitting the impact layer 1 can be vertically transmitted to the buffer energy absorption layer 2 to the greatest extent through the upward movement of the conductive ball 13, and then partially consumed and weakened by the buffer energy absorption layer 2; the design in the mechanism makes the front and rear adjacent conductive balls 13 close to each other, which can avoid the conductive balls from moving relative to each other due to the existence of gaps, and ensure that the impact force can be stably transmitted vertically upward.

[0019] In this specific embodiment, in order to enable the conductive balls 13 to move up and down smoothly, lubricating oil (not shown in the figure) is provided in the conductive track 12.

[0020] In this specific embodiment, a plurality of conductive balls 13 arranged continuously and close to each other from front to back constitute a force conduction row, and at least one row of force conduction rows is arranged in each conductive track 12. Multiple rows provide better strength and are conducive to force conduction.

[0021] In this specific embodiment, the buffering energy absorption layer 2 includes a rigid energy absorption substrate 21 and a plurality of energy absorption springs 22 evenly distributed and fixedly arranged on the energy absorption substrate 21. The energy absorption substrate 21 can be movably arranged between the impact layer 1 and the impact force dispersing energy absorption layer 3. The impact layer 1, the energy absorption substrate 21, the energy absorption spring 22, and the impact force dispersing energy absorption layer 3 are arranged in sequence from bottom to top. The vertical impact force transmitted to the energy absorption substrate 21 is transmitted to the energy absorption spring 22. The energy absorption spring 22 is deformed under the action of these forces to play a role in buffering the impact force, and the local force is further expanded to the impact force dispersing energy absorption layer 3 through the energy absorption spring 22, so as to disperse, consume and weaken the impact force carried.

[0022] In this specific embodiment, the energy absorbing substrate 21 is a metal plate, and the energy absorbing spring 22 is welded and fixed on the energy absorbing substrate 21. The metal plate has relatively good rigidity and better plasticity, and can absorb energy through plastic deformation.

[0023] In this specific embodiment, the impact layer 1 is connected to the impact force dispersing energy absorbing layer 3 through a vertically arranged connecting column 4, and a guide hole 20 is arranged on the energy absorbing substrate 21 at a position corresponding to the connecting column 4. The energy absorbing substrate 21 is installed on the connecting column 4 through the guide hole 20. Under the cooperation and guidance of the guide hole 20 and the connecting column 4, the energy absorbing substrate 21 can move in the up and down direction. Firstly, through the cooperation of the guide hole 20 and the connecting column 4, the buffering energy absorbing layer 2 is stably installed between the impact force transmission layer and the impact force dispersing energy absorbing layer 3. Secondly, through the cooperation of the guide hole 20 and the connecting column 4, the buffering energy absorbing layer 2 can only move up and down in the vertical direction, and the force transmission direction is stable.

[0024] In this specific embodiment, the energy absorbing substrate 21 is a square plate, and guide holes 20 are respectively provided on the four corners of the energy absorbing substrate 21 . The number and positions of the connecting columns 4 match the guide holes 20 .

[0025] In this specific embodiment, the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing mechanism includes a plurality of force bearing unit cells 5 arranged in the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing layer 3, wherein the plurality of force bearing unit cells 5 are fixedly arranged in the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing layer 3 at intervals, and the adjacent force bearing unit cells 5 are connected by force transmission rods 6. After the impact force is borne by each force bearing unit cell 5, it is mutually transmitted through the force transmission rods to achieve the dispersion of the force in the horizontal direction, thereby achieving the expansion of the force range, and providing a better protection for the battery pack arranged thereon.

[0026] In this specific embodiment, the force bearing unit cell 5 includes at least three horizontally arranged hexagonal bearing rings, and the multiple bearing rings are arranged opposite to each other from top to bottom at intervals. The bearing ring has six sides, and the six sides are connected to form six connection angles 50. The bearing rings located at odd layers are first bearing rings 51, and the bearing rings located at even layers are second bearing rings 52. A second bearing ring 52 is arranged between two upper and lower adjacent first bearing rings 51. Each connection angle 50 on the first carrying ring 51 is connected to the nearest connection angle 50 on the adjacent second carrying ring 52 located below it in the clockwise direction via a first oblique rod 54, and each connection angle 50 on the second carrying ring 52 is connected to the nearest connection angle 50 on the adjacent first carrying ring 51 located below it in the counterclockwise direction via a second oblique rod 55, and the first oblique rod 54 and the second oblique rod 55 connected to the same connection angle 50 form an obtuse angle α; Between adjacent force-bearing unit cells 5: the bearing rings on the same horizontal layer are connected by a force transmission rod 6, and both ends of the force transmission rod 6 are respectively connected to one of the connecting angles 50 of the corresponding bearing ring, and multiple force transmission rods 6 arranged in sequence from top to bottom are cross-arranged in pairs.

[0027] In the above structural design, in the same force-bearing unit cell 5, the connection directions of the first oblique rod 54 and the second oblique rod 55 are opposite, and there is an obtuse angle between the first oblique rod 54 and the second oblique rod 55 on the same connection angle 50, and at the same time, the force transmission rods 6 between adjacent unit cells are cross-arranged, so that the torque can be better transmitted and energy absorbed between the unit cells. When force acts on a unit cell, due to the effect of force transmission, the first oblique rod 54 and the second oblique rod 55 inside the unit cell are bent, so that the bearing ring located in the middle position is twisted, and the torque is transmitted to the connected unit cells through the force transmission rod 6 connected to the middle position, so that the connected unit cells are also twisted, so that the force of a unit cell is converted into a regional force between unit cells, so that the force is dispersed in the horizontal direction, so that the force will not be concentrated in the impact area, and the non-impact area also shares the impact force, so as to achieve a graded reduction of force, thereby effectively protecting the battery pack. The hexagonal load-bearing ring acts as a platform. The more diagonal rods can be arranged when the load-bearing ring is hexagonal, the greater the corresponding rigidity.

[0028] In this specific embodiment, a dispersion cavity 30 is provided in the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer 3, and the dispersion cavity 30 forms a corresponding impact force dispersion area, and the bearing ring at the top is fixedly arranged on the top inner end surface of the dispersion cavity 30, and the bearing ring at the bottom is fixedly arranged on the bottom inner end surface of the dispersion cavity 30. Stable force bearing and transmission are achieved.

[0029] In this specific embodiment, in order to better transmit and reduce the impact force in stages, the buffer energy absorbing layer 2 is designed to be correspondingly arranged on the impact force conducting area, and the buffer energy absorbing layer 2 is correspondingly arranged under the impact force dispersing area.

[0030] In this specific embodiment, the impact force dispersing energy absorbing layer 3 is a porous structure. The porous structure has better energy absorption characteristics and a small density. Under the same conditions, the porous structure has higher rigidity and lighter weight, so it can save more electric energy.

[0031] In this specific embodiment, mounting holes 10 for connecting and mounting the battery pack are provided on the impact layer 1 and the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing layer 3 at positions corresponding to the positions where the battery pack is installed.

[0032] from Figure 7 It can be seen from the simulation cloud diagram that the force-bearing unit cell 5 is located in the middle of the hexagonal bearing ring compression area, which transmits the torsion to the adjacent unit cells through the force transmission rods 6 between the unit cells, and from Figure 7 The color shown in the figure shows that the middle area has a greater twist. Figure 8 It can be seen that compared with the moment t=0 before the impact, both t=34.5s and t=69s have obvious twisting compared with the initial moment, which means that the energy-absorbing mechanism disperses the impact force, which greatly increases the force-bearing area of ​​the structure, increases the energy absorption of the structure, and has better protection performance.

[0033] from Fig. 9 and Fig.10 From the experimental data and panel damage morphology, the simulation is in good agreement with the experiment. From the experimental data, the static and dynamic force displacement curves show that the impact force dispersion energy absorption mechanism has a relatively long platform stage to absorb energy, showing good impact resistance and energy absorption characteristics.

Claims

1. A battery pack protection device, characterized in that The invention comprises an impact layer, a buffer energy-absorbing layer and an impact force dispersing energy-absorbing layer which are arranged in sequence from bottom to top, the battery pack is arranged on the impact force dispersing energy-absorbing layer, the impact layer is provided with an impact force conducting mechanism for transmitting the impact force vertically upward to the buffer energy-absorbing layer, the impact force dispersing energy-absorbing layer is provided with an impact force dispersing energy-absorbing mechanism for dispersing and absorbing the impact force horizontally, and the buffer energy-absorbing layer is arranged between the impact force conducting mechanism and the impact force dispersing energy-absorbing mechanism.

2. A battery pack protection device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The impact force transmission mechanism includes a conduction cavity arranged in the impact layer, and the conduction cavity forms a corresponding impact force transmission area. A plurality of partitions are arranged vertically in parallel and at intervals in the conduction cavity. The plurality of partitions divide the conduction cavity from left to right into a plurality of independent conduction tracks. A plurality of conduction balls for force transmission are arranged continuously from front to back in each conduction track. The front and rear adjacent conduction balls are arranged close to each other. The width of the conduction track in the left and right directions matches the diameter of the conduction balls, so that after the impact layer is impacted, the conduction balls can only move in the up and down directions, thereby realizing the vertical upward conduction of the impact force.

3. A battery pack protection device as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that Lubricating oil is arranged in the conductive track.

4. A battery pack protection device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The buffer energy absorption layer includes a rigid energy absorption substrate and a plurality of energy absorption springs evenly distributed and fixedly arranged on the energy absorption substrate. The energy absorption substrate can be movably arranged up and down between the impact layer and the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer. The impact layer, the energy absorption substrate, the energy absorption springs, and the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer are arranged in sequence from bottom to top.

5. A battery pack protection device as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that The impact layer and the impact force dispersing energy absorbing layer are connected via a vertically arranged connecting column. A guide hole is arranged on the energy absorbing substrate at a position corresponding to the connecting column. The energy absorbing substrate is installed on the connecting column through the guide hole. Under the coordinated guiding action of the guide hole and the connecting column, the energy absorbing substrate can move in the up and down directions.

6. A battery pack protection device as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that The energy absorbing substrate is a square plate, and the guide holes are respectively arranged on the four corners of the energy absorbing substrate. The number and positions of the connecting columns match the guide holes.

7. A battery pack protection device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The impact force dispersing and energy absorbing mechanism includes a plurality of force-bearing unit cells arranged in the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing layer. The plurality of force-bearing unit cells are fixedly arranged in the impact force dispersing and energy absorbing layer at intervals, and adjacent force-bearing unit cells are connected by force conduction rods.

8. A battery pack protection device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that The force-bearing unit cell comprises at least three horizontally arranged hexagonal bearing rings, wherein the plurality of bearing rings are arranged opposite to each other from top to bottom and spaced apart, wherein the bearing ring has six sides, and the six sides are connected at the first positions to form six connection angles, wherein the bearing ring located at the odd-numbered layers is the first bearing ring, and the bearing ring located at the even-numbered layers is the second bearing ring, and a second bearing ring is spaced apart between two upper and lower adjacent first bearing rings; Each connection angle on the first carrying ring is connected to the nearest connection angle on the adjacent second carrying ring below it in the clockwise direction via a first oblique rod, and each connection angle on the second carrying ring is connected to the nearest connection angle on the adjacent first carrying ring below it in the counterclockwise direction via a second oblique rod, and the first oblique rod and the second oblique rod connected at the same connection angle form an obtuse angle; Between adjacent force-bearing unit cells: the bearing rings located on the same horizontal layer are connected by a force transmission rod, and the two ends of the force transmission rod are respectively connected to one of the connecting angles of the corresponding bearing ring, and the multiple force transmission rods arranged in sequence from top to bottom are cross-arranged in pairs.

9. A battery pack protection device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that A dispersion cavity is arranged in the impact force dispersion energy absorption layer, and the dispersion cavity forms a corresponding impact force dispersion area. The bearing ring located at the top is fixedly arranged on the top inner end surface of the dispersion cavity, and the bearing ring located at the bottom is fixedly arranged on the bottom inner end surface of the dispersion cavity.

10. A battery pack protection device as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that The impact force dispersing and energy absorbing layer is a porous structure.

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