Wave energy acquisition device based on magnetic spring-plate spring type bistable mechanism

Abstract

The invention discloses a wave energy acquisition device based on a magnetic spring-plate spring type bistable mechanism, which comprises a bistable energy harvesting device (1), a motion conversion device (2), an electromagnetic power generation device (3) and an electric power management module, and is characterized in that the bistable energy harvesting device is provided with the magnetic spring-plate spring type bistable mechanism, and the magnetic spring-plate spring type bistable mechanism is driven by the magnetic spring-plate spring type bistable mechanism through nonlinear interaction between magnets. The mechanical energy is efficiently captured under low-frequency waves; the motion conversion device (2) ensures one-way rotation of an output shaft through the design of a gear transmission system and a one-way bearing; the electromagnetic power generation device (3) utilizes the relative rotation principle of a magnet flywheel and a coil, the magnetic flux of the coil is changed, so that voltage is generated, the mechanical energy captured by the bistable energy capturing device (1) is converted into electric energy, and meanwhile, the electric power management module is responsible for rectifying, storing and distributing the electric energy to ensure that stable electric power supply can be obtained under any condition. The system has wide application prospects and important economic values in the fields of marine ecosystem monitoring, climate change research, marine pollution monitoring and the like.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The invention relates to the field of ocean wave energy power generation, and in particular to a wave energy collection device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism. Background technology:

[0002] The ocean plays a fundamental role in global climate regulation and carbon cycle, and is rich in resources. Countries are paying more and more attention to the detection of marine environment and hydrological status. However, the battery capacity of buoys is limited, resulting in a short continuous working time. With the increasing global pursuit of clean energy and sustainable development, the development and utilization of wave energy, as a widely distributed and huge renewable energy, has received widespread attention. However, existing wave energy power generation devices generally have problems such as low energy capture efficiency, poor adaptability, and high maintenance costs. Especially under low-frequency wave conditions, their energy conversion efficiency is greatly reduced. In addition, marine environment monitoring equipment often relies on external power supplies or solar power, and has defects such as unstable power supply and inability to work properly at night or in bad weather. Summary of the invention:

[0003] In view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned technology, an object of the present invention is to provide a wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism.

[0004] The present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0005] A wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism comprises a bistable energy harvesting device (1), a motion conversion device (2), an electromagnetic power generation device (3) and a power management module, wherein the bistable energy harvesting device (1), the motion conversion device (2) and the electromagnetic power generation device (3) are sequentially connected from bottom to top to form a cylinder, and the power management module is connected to the electromagnetic power generation device (3); the bistable energy harvesting device is provided with a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism, and through the nonlinear interaction between magnets, efficient mechanical energy capture under low-frequency waves is achieved; the motion conversion device (2) ensures unidirectional rotation of the output shaft through the design of a gear transmission system and a one-way bearing; the electromagnetic power generation device (3) utilizes the relative rotation principle of a magnetic flywheel and a coil, and the magnetic flux of the coil changes, thereby generating a voltage, and converting the mechanical energy captured by the bistable energy harvesting device (1) into electrical energy; at the same time, the power management module is responsible for the rectification, storage and distribution of the electrical energy, ensuring that a stable power supply can be obtained under any conditions.

[0006] Furthermore, the bistable energy capture device 1 comprises a housing (11), a guide rod (12), a ball screw (13), a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14), a vertical spring (15) and a thrust bearing (16); the housing (11) is provided with the guide rod (12), the ball screw (13), the magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14), the vertical spring (15) and the thrust bearing (16); the ball screw (13) is vertically arranged at the central axis position of the housing (11); the upper and lower ends of the ball screw (13) are respectively arranged on the upper end cover (18) and the lower end cover (17) of the housing (11) through the thrust bearing (16); and the upper end of the ball screw (13) extends upward, protrudes from the upper end cover (18) and enters the motion conversion device (2); the two guide rods (12) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ball screw (13); The upper and lower ends of the guide rod (12) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper end cover (18) and the lower end cover (17); the magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism (14) comprises an energy capture module (141) and a leaf spring module (142); the center of the energy capture module (141) is arranged on the ball screw (13); the leaf spring module (142) is fixed on the middle inner wall of the housing (11); the energy capture module (141) moves up and down on the ball screw (13) relative to the leaf spring module (142); the two guide rods (12) respectively pass through the two sides of the energy capture module (141); the vertical spring (15) is sleeved on the guide rod (12); the upper end of the vertical spring (15) is connected to the energy capture module (141); and the lower end of the vertical spring (15) is connected to the lower end cover (17), so as to realize nonlinear energy capture. The vertical spring (15) is arranged so that the upper end is connected to the energy capture module and the lower end is connected to the lower end cover. This design helps to absorb and store the vibration and impact generated during the energy capture process.

[0007] Furthermore, the energy capture module (141) includes a mass block (1411) and an inner ring magnet (1412), and a plurality of the inner ring magnets (1412) are evenly fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the mass block. The leaf spring module (142) includes a plurality of leaf spring magnet connectors (1421), and the plurality of leaf spring magnet connectors (1421) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of inner ring magnets (1412). The leaf spring magnet connector (1421) includes a leaf spring connecting base (14211), a leaf spring (14212), and an outer ring magnet (14213). The two leaf springs (14212) are respectively arranged on the leaf spring connecting base ( 14211), the outer ring magnet (14213) is arranged at the middle of the two leaf springs (14212), the two leaf springs (14212) are connected by a connecting piece, the leaf spring connecting base (14211) is fixed on the middle inner wall of the shell (11), the inner ring magnet (1412) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) form a pair of magnetic springs, the magnetic force between the inner ring magnet (1412) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) will change nonlinearly with the change of the spacing, multiple pairs of magnetic springs provide negative stiffness, and the leaf spring (14212) is used to achieve dynamic constraint.

[0008] Furthermore, the motion conversion device (2) comprises a connecting cylinder (20), the connecting cylinder (20) being divided into three layers: an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer; the middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a support column (201), a first bevel gear (202), a second bevel gear (203) and a third bevel gear (204); the lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a first spur gear (205), a second spur gear (206), a third spur gear (207) and a fourth spur gear (208); the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a fifth spur gear (209), a sixth spur gear (210), a first one-way bearing (211) and a second one-way bearing (212); and a first one-way bearing (213) is provided inside the connecting cylinder (20). A shaft (217), the first shaft (217) passes through the upper, middle and lower layers, the lower side of the first shaft (217) is located at the lower layer of the connecting tube (20), and the first spur gear (205) is fixed to the lower side of the first shaft (217), the upper end of the ball screw (13) is located at the central position of the lower layer of the connecting tube (20), and the upper end of the ball screw (13) is fixed with the second spur gear (206), the first spur gear (205) is meshed with the second spur gear (206), and a third shaft (219) is further provided on the other side of the upper end of the ball screw (13), the third shaft (219) is fixed with the third spur gear (207), and the third The third spur gear (207) meshes with the second spur gear (206); the top end of the third shaft (219) enters the middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20); the top end of the third shaft (219) is fixedly provided with the third bevel gear (204) which meshes with the second bevel gear (203); the second bevel gear (203) is fixed to the supporting column (201) via a bearing (230); the other side of the second bevel gear (203) meshes with the first bevel gear (202); the first bevel gear (202) is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the fourth shaft (220); the fourth shaft (220) is provided at the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20); the middle part of the fourth shaft (220) is provided via a bearing (230) The second one-way bearing (212) is fixedly provided with the sixth spur gear (210), the sixth spur gear (210) is meshed with the fifth spur gear (209), the fifth spur gear (209) is arranged on the second shaft (218), the lower end of the second shaft (218) is arranged at the central position of the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20), the upper end of the second shaft (218) passes through the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) and enters the electromagnetic power generation device (3), the upper end of the first shaft (217) is fixedly provided with the fourth spur gear (208) through the first one-way bearing (211), and the other side of the fifth spur gear (209) is meshed with the fourth spur gear (208);The first one-way bearing (211) and the second one-way bearing (212) are installed in opposite directions, so that the second shaft (218) is the output shaft of the motion conversion device (2) and continuously outputs one-way rotation.

[0009] Furthermore, the electromagnetic power generation device (3) comprises a coil flywheel (31), a magnet flywheel (32), a magnetic block (33) and a magnetic induction coil (34); the magnet flywheel (32) is arranged inside the coil flywheel (31); a plurality of magnetic blocks (33) are arranged on the outer circumference of the magnet flywheel (32) and are fixedly and evenly arranged in a rule that adjacent magnets have opposite polarities; a plurality of protrusions are arranged on the inner surface of the coil flywheel (31); the plurality of protrusions correspond to the plurality of magnetic blocks (33) one by one and have intervals; the magnetic induction coil (34) is wired in series and alternately wound around the protrusions and depressions of the coil flywheel (31); this arrangement makes the magnetic flux of the magnetic induction coil (34) change consistently during rotation, thereby generating a high voltage; the upper end of the second shaft (218) is fixedly connected to the center of the magnet flywheel (32) and drives the magnet flywheel (32) to rotate.

[0010] Furthermore, the coil flywheel (31) and the magnet flywheel (32) are both made of soft iron.

[0011] Furthermore, the power management module is composed of a rectifier circuit, a charging capacitor and a sensor. The electric energy generated by the coil is stored in the capacitor for use by the sensor. The rectifier circuit uses the unidirectional conductivity of the diode to convert alternating current into direct current. When the rectified voltage is higher than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is charged; when the rectified voltage is lower than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is discharged, so the output voltage tends to be smooth.

[0012] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0013] 1. The bistable energy capture device designed in the present invention has a "magnetic spring-leaf spring" type bistable structure. Each pair of magnetic springs is used to provide nonlinear stiffness. Multiple leaf springs are connected to multiple outer ring magnets to realize automatic adjustment of the horizontal distance of each pair of magnetic springs, thereby achieving adaptive potential barrier height. Different from the traditional bistable structure, this structure can also achieve large oscillations between wells when the wave excitation force is small, thereby having a higher energy capture efficiency; the non-contact form of interaction between two magnets can avoid additional friction and reduce energy loss. At the same time, problems such as instability or wear failure will not occur, thereby improving the service life of the device.

[0014] 2. The motion conversion device designed by the present invention continuously provides unidirectional output motion, using two one-way bearings. Regardless of whether the mass block moves upward or downward, after the motion is transmitted through the mechanism, the output shaft is ultimately driven to rotate in the same direction, i.e., unidirectional output. The entire motion conversion mechanism is a pure gear structure for motion transmission, which improves energy transmission efficiency and device reliability.

[0015] 3. The present invention designs an electromagnetic power generation device, which adopts series coil wiring and adjacent magnets arranged with opposite polarities, so that the change of magnetic flux of each coil remains consistent during rotation, thereby generating a higher voltage; and the mechanism does not require brushes, further improving the reliability and energy transmission efficiency of the device.

[0016] 4. The present invention integrates the bistable energy capture device, the motion conversion device, and the electromagnetic power generation device into a cylindrical device, which has a compact structure, high integration, and a small size, and is easy to install and transport. The device has good adaptability and can be adapted to most buoys, and can provide efficient power supply for various marine monitoring equipment. Description of the drawings:

[0017] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a wave energy collection device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the bistable energy harvesting device of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 3 is a device diagram of the energy capture module of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 It is a device diagram of the leaf spring magnet connector of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of the motion conversion mechanism of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 is a device diagram of the electromagnetic power generation device of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the rectifier circuit of the present invention.

[0025] Reference numerals: bistable energy capture device (1), housing (11), guide rod (12), ball screw (13), magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14), energy capture module (141), mass block (1411), inner ring magnet (1412), leaf spring module (142), leaf spring magnet connector (1421), leaf spring connecting base (14211), leaf spring (14212), outer ring magnet (14213), vertical spring (15), thrust bearing (16), lower end cover (17), upper end cover (18), motion conversion device (2), connecting cylinder (20), support column (201), first bevel gear (202), second bevel gear (203), third bevel gear (204), first spur gear (205), second spur gear (206), third spur gear (207), fourth spur gear (208), first A fifth spur gear (209), a sixth spur gear (210), a first one-way bearing (211), a second one-way bearing (212), an upper shell (213) of a connecting tube, a lower shell (214) of a connecting tube, an upper end cover (215) of a connecting tube, a lower end cover (216) of a connecting tube, a first shaft (217), a second shaft (218), a third shaft (219), a fourth shaft (220), a fifth shaft (221), a first thrust bearing (222), a second thrust bearing (223), a third thrust bearing (224), a fourth thrust bearing (225), a fifth thrust bearing (226), a sixth thrust bearing (227), a seventh thrust bearing (228), an eighth thrust bearing (229), a bearing (230), an electromagnetic power generation device (3), a coil flywheel (31), a magnet flywheel (32), a magnetic block (33), and a magnetic induction coil (34). Specific implementation method:

[0026] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0027] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined, terms such as setting, installing, connecting, assembling, and matching should be understood in a broad sense, and technicians in the relevant technical field can reasonably determine the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific content of the technical solution.

[0028] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0029] like Figure 1-8A wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism comprises a bistable energy harvesting device (1), a motion conversion device (2), an electromagnetic power generation device (3) and a power management module. The bistable energy harvesting device (1), the motion conversion device (2) and the electromagnetic power generation device (3) are sequentially connected from bottom to top to form a cylinder, and the power management module is connected to the electromagnetic power generation device (3). The bistable energy harvesting device is provided with a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism, which realizes efficient capture of mechanical energy under low-frequency waves through nonlinear interaction between magnets. The motion conversion device (2) ensures unidirectional rotation of the output shaft through the design of a gear transmission system and a one-way bearing. The electromagnetic power generation device (3) utilizes the relative rotation principle of a magnetic flywheel and a coil to change the magnetic flux of the coil, thereby generating a voltage, and converting the mechanical energy captured by the bistable energy harvesting device (1) into electrical energy. At the same time, the power management module is responsible for the rectification, storage and distribution of electrical energy, ensuring that a stable power supply can be obtained under any conditions.

[0030] Furthermore, the bistable energy capture device 1 comprises a housing (11), a guide rod (12), a ball screw (13), a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14), a vertical spring (15) and a thrust bearing (16); the housing (11) is provided with the guide rod (12), the ball screw (13), the magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14), the vertical spring (15) and the thrust bearing (16); the ball screw (13) is vertically arranged at the central axis position of the housing (11); the upper and lower ends of the ball screw (13) are respectively arranged on the upper end cover (18) and the lower end cover (17) of the housing (11) through the thrust bearing (16); and the upper end of the ball screw (13) extends upward, protrudes from the upper end cover (18) and enters the motion conversion device (2); the two guide rods (12) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ball screw (13); The upper and lower ends of the guide rod (12) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper end cover (18) and the lower end cover (17); the magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism (14) comprises an energy capture module (141) and a leaf spring module (142); the center of the energy capture module (141) is arranged on the ball screw (13); the leaf spring module (142) is fixed on the middle inner wall of the housing (11); the energy capture module (141) moves up and down on the ball screw (13) relative to the leaf spring module (142); the two guide rods (12) respectively pass through the two sides of the energy capture module (141); the vertical spring (15) is sleeved on the guide rod (12); the upper end of the vertical spring (15) is connected to the energy capture module (141); and the lower end of the vertical spring (15) is connected to the lower end cover (17), so as to realize nonlinear energy capture.

[0031] The vertical spring (15) is arranged so that the upper end is connected to the energy capture module and the lower end is connected to the lower end cover. This design helps to absorb and store the vibration and impact generated during the energy capture process.

[0032] The thrust bearing (16) is precisely mounted on the end cover to support and fix the upper and lower ends of the ball screw to ensure the stability of the ball screw during rotation.

[0033] The core components of the energy capture module include a mass block and multiple inner ring magnets fixed thereon, which work together to achieve nonlinear energy capture. The housing is also fixed with multiple outer ring magnets, which interact with the inner ring magnets to further enhance the efficiency of energy capture through magnetic force. Under the restriction of the guide rod and the vertical spring, the vertical movement of the mass block is converted into vertical vibration. The ball screw mechanism converts the vertical vibration of the mass block into rotation.

[0034] Furthermore, the energy capture module (141) includes a mass block (1411) and an inner ring magnet (1412), and a plurality of the inner ring magnets (1412) are evenly fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the mass block. The leaf spring module (142) includes a plurality of leaf spring magnet connectors (1421), and the plurality of leaf spring magnet connectors (1421) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of inner ring magnets (1412). The leaf spring magnet connector (1421) includes a leaf spring connecting base (14211), a leaf spring (14212), and an outer ring magnet (14213). The two leaf springs (14212) are respectively arranged on the leaf spring connecting base ( 14211), the outer ring magnet (14213) is arranged at the middle of the two leaf springs (14212), the two leaf springs (14212) are connected by a connecting piece, the leaf spring connecting base (14211) is fixed on the middle inner wall of the shell (11), the inner ring magnet (1412) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) form a pair of magnetic springs, the magnetic force between the inner ring magnet (1412) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) will change nonlinearly with the change of the spacing, multiple pairs of magnetic springs provide negative stiffness, and the leaf spring (14212) is used to achieve dynamic constraint.

[0035] Furthermore, the motion conversion device (2) comprises a connecting cylinder (20), the connecting cylinder (20) being divided into three layers: an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer; the middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a support column (201), a first bevel gear (202), a second bevel gear (203) and a third bevel gear (204); the lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a first spur gear (205), a second spur gear (206), a third spur gear (207) and a fourth spur gear (208); the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a fifth spur gear (209), a sixth spur gear (210), a first one-way bearing (211) and a second one-way bearing (212); and a first one-way bearing (213) is provided inside the connecting cylinder (20). A shaft (217), the first shaft (217) passes through the upper, middle and lower layers, the lower side of the first shaft (217) is located at the lower layer of the connecting tube (20), and the first spur gear (205) is fixed to the lower side of the first shaft (217), the upper end of the ball screw (13) is located at the central position of the lower layer of the connecting tube (20), and the upper end of the ball screw (13) is fixed with the second spur gear (206), the first spur gear (205) is meshed with the second spur gear (206), and a third shaft (219) is further provided on the other side of the upper end of the ball screw (13), the third shaft (219) is fixed with the third spur gear (207), and the third The third spur gear (207) meshes with the second spur gear (206); the top end of the third shaft (219) enters the middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20); the top end of the third shaft (219) is fixedly provided with the third bevel gear (204) which meshes with the second bevel gear (203); the second bevel gear (203) is fixed to the supporting column (201) via a bearing (230); the other side of the second bevel gear (203) meshes with the first bevel gear (202); the first bevel gear (202) is fixedly provided at the bottom end of the fourth shaft (220); the fourth shaft (220) is provided at the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20); the middle part of the fourth shaft (220) is provided via a bearing (230) The second one-way bearing (212) is fixedly provided with the sixth spur gear (210), the sixth spur gear (210) is meshed with the fifth spur gear (209), the fifth spur gear (209) is arranged on the second shaft (218), the lower end of the second shaft (218) is arranged at the central position of the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20), the upper end of the second shaft (218) passes through the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) and enters the electromagnetic power generation device (3), the upper end of the first shaft (217) is fixedly provided with the fourth spur gear (208) through the first one-way bearing (211), and the other side of the fifth spur gear (209) is meshed with the fourth spur gear (208);The first one-way bearing (211) and the second one-way bearing (212) are installed in opposite directions, so that the second shaft (218) is the output shaft of the motion conversion device (2) and continuously outputs one-way rotation.

[0036] Furthermore, the electromagnetic power generation device (3) comprises a coil flywheel (31), a magnet flywheel (32), a magnetic block (33) and a magnetic induction coil (34); the magnet flywheel (32) is arranged inside the coil flywheel (31); a plurality of magnetic blocks (33) are arranged on the outer circumference of the magnet flywheel (32) and are fixedly and evenly arranged in a rule that adjacent magnets have opposite polarities; a plurality of protrusions are arranged on the inner surface of the coil flywheel (31); the plurality of protrusions correspond to the plurality of magnetic blocks (33) one by one and have intervals; the magnetic induction coil (34) is wired in series and alternately wound around the protrusions and depressions of the coil flywheel (31); this arrangement makes the magnetic flux of the magnetic induction coil (34) change consistently during rotation, thereby generating a high voltage; the upper end of the second shaft (218) is fixedly connected to the center of the magnet flywheel (32) and drives the magnet flywheel (32) to rotate.

[0037] Furthermore, the coil flywheel (31) and the magnet flywheel (32) are both made of soft iron.

[0038] Furthermore, the power management module is composed of a rectifier circuit, a charging capacitor and a sensor. The electric energy generated by the coil is stored in the capacitor for use by the sensor. The rectifier circuit uses the unidirectional conductivity of the diode to convert alternating current into direct current. When the rectified voltage is higher than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is charged; when the rectified voltage is lower than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is discharged, so the output voltage tends to be smooth.

[0039] The motion process of the present invention:

[0040] When the buoy is excited by wave energy, it will move in the vertical direction. Since the housing of the device is fixed on the buoy, the mass block will be subjected to a displacement excitation. At the same time, the mass block is a motion unit with one degree of freedom. Under the restriction of the guide rod and the spring, the mass block produces vertical vibration. The ball screw mechanism converts the vertical vibration of the mass block into rotation.

[0041] When the mass block (141) moves upward, the screw part of the ball screw (13) is driven to rotate counterclockwise; after being driven by the second spur gear (206) and the third spur gear (207), the third shaft (219) rotates clockwise; after being driven by the third bevel gear (204), the second bevel gear (203) and the first bevel gear (202), the fourth shaft (220) rotates counterclockwise; at this time, the inner ring and the outer ring of the first one-way bearing (211) at the left end can rotate relative to each other, the shaft and the gear on the left side do not participate in the transmission, the second one-way bearing (212) at the right end is stuck, and the sixth spur gear (210) is driven to rotate counterclockwise; finally, after being driven by the sixth spur gear (210) and the fifth spur gear (209), the second shaft (218) rotates clockwise. When the mass block (141) moves downward, the screw part of the ball screw (13) is driven to rotate clockwise; after the transmission of the second spur gear (206) and the first spur gear (205), the first shaft (217) rotates counterclockwise; at this time, the inner ring and outer ring of the second one-way bearing (212) at the right end can rotate relatively, the shaft and gear on the right side do not participate in the transmission, the first one-way bearing (211) at the left end is stuck, and the fourth spur gear (208) is driven to rotate counterclockwise; finally, after the transmission of the fourth spur gear (208) and the fifth spur gear (209), the second shaft (218) rotates clockwise. The rotation direction of the second shaft (218) in the middle is unified to the clockwise direction.

[0042] When the mass block moves upward, it drives the ball screw to rotate counterclockwise, thereby driving the right end gear to rotate clockwise. The right end rotation direction is changed to counterclockwise through the transmission of the helical gear system; at this time, the right end one-way bearing is locked, and the left end one-way bearing can rotate freely. The intermediate shaft is driven by the right end gear and is not affected by the left end gear. The rotation direction of the intermediate shaft is clockwise.

[0043] When the mass moves downward, it drives the ball screw to rotate clockwise, thereby driving the left end gear to rotate counterclockwise. At this time, the left end one-way bearing is locked, and the right end one-way bearing can rotate freely. The intermediate shaft is driven by the left end gear and is not affected by the right end gear. The rotation direction of the intermediate shaft is unified to the clockwise direction, thus achieving one-way output.

[0044] The power generation process of the present invention:

[0045] The coil flywheel acts as a stator and is stable, while the magnet flywheel acts as a rotor, which rotates unidirectionally with the motion conversion device. When the magnet and the coil rotate relative to each other, the magnetic flux of the coil changes, thereby generating a voltage. Since the frequency and amplitude of the waves are random, the current generated by the wave energy converter is unstable, so a rectifier circuit or a filter circuit is required to convert the unbalanced current into a stable current for the sensor. The circuit module consists of a rectifier circuit, a charging capacitor and a sensor. It stores the electric energy generated by the coil in the capacitor for use by the sensor in the buoy. The rectifier circuit is a full-bridge rectifier circuit, and the charging capacitor is a large-capacity capacitor. The rectifier circuit uses the unidirectional conductivity of the diode to convert AC into DC. When the rectifier voltage is higher than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is charged; when the rectifier voltage is lower than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is discharged, so the output voltage tends to be smooth.

[0046] The above specific implementation modes are used to explain the present invention rather than to limit the present invention. Any modification and change made to the present invention within the protection scope of the present invention and the claims shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism, characterized in that: The invention comprises a bistable energy capture device (1), a motion conversion device (2), an electromagnetic power generation device (3) and a power management module. The bistable energy capture device (1), the motion conversion device (2) and the electromagnetic power generation device (3) are sequentially connected from bottom to top to form a cylinder, and the power management module is connected to the electromagnetic power generation device (3). The bistable energy capture device is provided with a magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism, which realizes efficient capture of mechanical energy under low-frequency waves through nonlinear interaction between magnets. The motion conversion device (2) ensures unidirectional rotation of the output shaft through the design of a gear transmission system and a one-way bearing. The electromagnetic power generation device (3) utilizes the relative rotation principle of a magnetic flywheel and a coil to change the magnetic flux of the coil, thereby generating a voltage, and converting the mechanical energy captured by the bistable energy capture device (1) into electrical energy. At the same time, the power management module is responsible for the rectification, storage and distribution of electrical energy, ensuring that a stable power supply can be obtained under any conditions.

2. A wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bistable energy capture device (1) comprises a housing (11), a guide rod (12), a ball screw (13), a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14), a vertical spring (15) and a thrust bearing (16). The housing (11) is provided with the guide rod (12), the ball screw (13), the magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism (14), the vertical spring (15) and the thrust bearing (16). The ball screw (13) is vertically arranged at the central axis position of the housing (11). The upper and lower ends of the ball screw (13) are respectively arranged on the upper end cover (18) and the lower end cover (17) of the housing (11) through the thrust bearing (16). The upper end of the ball screw (13) extends upward and protrudes from the upper end cover (18) and enters the motion conversion device (2). The two guide rods (12) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the ball screw (13). The upper and lower ends of the rod (12) are respectively fixedly connected to the upper end cover (18) and the lower end cover (17); the magnetic spring-leaf spring type bistable mechanism (14) comprises an energy capture module (141) and a leaf spring module (142); the center of the energy capture module (141) is arranged on the ball screw (13); the leaf spring module (142) is fixed on the middle inner wall of the housing (11); the energy capture module (141) moves up and down on the ball screw (13) relative to the leaf spring module (142); the two guide rods (12) respectively pass through the two sides of the energy capture module (141); the vertical spring (15) is sleeved on the guide rod (12); the upper end of the vertical spring (15) is connected to the energy capture module (141); and the lower end of the vertical spring (15) is connected to the lower end cover (17), so as to realize nonlinear energy capture.

3. A wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that: The energy capture module (141) includes a mass block (1411) and an inner ring magnet (1412), wherein a plurality of the inner ring magnets (1412) are evenly fixed on the outer peripheral surface of the mass block, the leaf spring module (142) includes a plurality of leaf spring magnet connectors (1421), wherein the plurality of leaf spring magnet connectors (1421) correspond one-to-one to the plurality of inner ring magnets (1412), and the leaf spring magnet connector (1421) includes a leaf spring connecting base (14211), a leaf spring (14212), and an outer ring magnet (14213), wherein two leaf springs (14212) are respectively arranged on the leaf spring connecting base (14211). 11), the outer ring magnet (14213) is arranged in the middle of the two leaf springs (14212), the two leaf springs (14212) are connected by a connecting piece, the leaf spring connecting base (14211) is fixed on the middle inner wall of the shell (11), the inner ring magnet (1412) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) form a pair of magnetic springs, the magnetic force between the inner ring magnet (1412) and the corresponding outer ring magnet (14213) will change nonlinearly with the change of the spacing, multiple pairs of magnetic springs provide negative stiffness, and the leaf spring (14212) is used to achieve dynamic constraint.

4. According to claim 2, a wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism is characterized in that: The motion conversion device (2) comprises a connecting cylinder (20), wherein the connecting cylinder (20) is divided into three layers: an upper layer, a middle layer and a lower layer. The middle layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a support column (201), a first bevel gear (202), a second bevel gear (203) and a third bevel gear (204). The lower layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a first spur gear (205), a second spur gear (206), a third spur gear (207) and a fourth spur gear (208). The upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) is provided with a fifth spur gear (209), a sixth spur gear (210), a first one-way bearing (211) and a second one-way bearing (212). A first shaft (20) is provided in the connecting cylinder (20). 17), the first shaft (217) passes through the upper, middle and lower layers, the lower side of the first shaft (217) is located at the lower layer of the connecting tube (20), and the first spur gear (205) is fixed to the lower side of the first shaft (217), the upper end of the ball screw (13) is located at the central position of the lower layer of the connecting tube (20), and the upper end of the ball screw (13) is fixed with the second spur gear (206), the first spur gear (205) is meshed with the second spur gear (206), and the other side of the upper end of the ball screw (13) is also provided with a third shaft (219), the third shaft (219) is fixed with the third spur gear (207), the third spur gear (207) is fixed to the third shaft (219), and the third spur gear (207) is fixed to the third shaft (219). The third bevel gear (204) is fixedly provided at the top of the third shaft (219) and meshes with the second bevel gear (203). The second bevel gear (203) is fixed to the support column (201) through a bearing (230). The other side of the second bevel gear (203) meshes with the first bevel gear (202). The first bevel gear (202) is fixedly provided at the bottom end of a fourth shaft (220). The fourth shaft (220) is provided at the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20). The middle part of the fourth shaft (220) passes through the The second one-way bearing (212) is fixedly provided with the sixth spur gear (210), the sixth spur gear (210) is meshed with the fifth spur gear (209), the fifth spur gear (209) is arranged on the second shaft (218), the lower end of the second shaft (218) is arranged at the central position of the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20), the upper end of the second shaft (218) passes through the upper layer of the connecting cylinder (20) and enters the electromagnetic power generation device (3), the upper end of the first shaft (217) is fixedly provided with the fourth spur gear (208) through the first one-way bearing (211), and the other side of the fifth spur gear (209) is meshed with the fourth spur gear (208);The first one-way bearing (211) and the second one-way bearing (212) are installed in opposite directions, so that the second shaft (218) is the output shaft of the motion conversion device (2) and continuously outputs one-way rotation.

5. A wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism according to claim 4, characterized in that: The electromagnetic power generation device (3) comprises a coil flywheel (31), a magnet flywheel (32), a magnetic block (33) and a magnetic induction coil (34). The magnet flywheel (32) is arranged inside the coil flywheel (31). A plurality of magnetic blocks (33) are arranged on the outer circumference of the magnet flywheel (32) and are fixedly and evenly arranged in a rule that adjacent magnets have opposite polarities. A plurality of protrusions are arranged on the inner surface of the coil flywheel (31). The plurality of protrusions correspond to the plurality of magnetic blocks (33) one by one and have intervals. The magnetic induction coil (34) is wired in series and alternately wound around the protrusions and depressions of the coil flywheel (31). This arrangement makes the magnetic flux of the magnetic induction coil (34) change consistently during rotation, thereby generating a high voltage. The upper end of the second shaft (218) is fixedly connected to the center of the magnet flywheel (32) and drives the magnet flywheel (32) to rotate.

6. A wave energy harvesting device based on a magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The coil flywheel (31) and the magnet flywheel (32) are both made of soft iron.

7. The wave energy harvesting device based on the magnetic spring-leaf spring bistable mechanism according to claim 5, characterized in that: The power management module consists of a rectifier circuit, a charging capacitor and a sensor. The electric energy generated by the coil is stored in the capacitor for use by the sensor. The rectifier circuit uses the unidirectional conductivity of the diode to convert alternating current into direct current. When the rectified voltage is higher than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is charged; when the rectified voltage is lower than the capacitor voltage, the capacitor is discharged, so the output voltage tends to be smooth.

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