CTLE adaptive equalization method and system based on hybrid equalization, medium and equipment

Abstract

The invention provides a CTLE adaptive equalization method and system based on hybrid equalization, a medium and equipment, and the method comprises the steps: 1, employing a combination of a continuous time linear equalizer CTLE, a feed-forward equalizer FFE and a DFE to judge a feedback equalizer, and according to the relation between a CTLE output signal and a next-stage FFE, carrying out the adaptive equalization of the CTLE; the output state of the CTLE is judged by analyzing the coefficients of a pre-cursor (Pre-cursor), a cursor (Cursor) and a post cursor (Post-cursor) of the FFE; and 2, according to the judgment result, parameters of the CTLE are adjusted through an automatic gain control unit to achieve adaptive equalization of the CTLE, and the CTLE and the FFE are both connected with the automatic gain control unit. According to the invention, different equalization modules are coordinated to work together, so that CTLE and FFE complement each other, the range of working in a preferential working area is increased, and the situation that signals are distorted and cannot be adjusted is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of CTLE adaptive equalization, and in particular to a CTLE adaptive equalization method, system, medium and device based on hybrid equalization. Background Art

[0002] In some communication system serdes, such as Ethernet serdes and fiber optic communication serdes, due to the loss in the transmission process, even in fiber optic transmission, there is a conversion between the optical module and the electrical interface, or the fiber optic transmission distance is long, which will also cause the transmission signal distortion. At this time, CTLE, FFE, and DFE in serdes are commonly used equalization methods, and multiple equalization methods are generally used at the receiving end.

[0003] CTLE communication is a common equalization technology in high-speed signal transmission. It is generally used to equalize the input signal at the receiving end. During the transmission of the signal, due to the effect of the channel, the high-frequency part attenuates more and the low-frequency part attenuates less. It is this channel transmission characteristic that causes signal distortion and ISI. The transmission characteristics of CTLE are designed to have a larger gain in the high-frequency part within the signal bandwidth, and a smaller gain in the low-frequency part relative to the high-frequency part, thus compensating for the distortion caused by the channel to the transmission signal. Finally, frequency compensation is achieved to produce a relatively flat frequency response.

[0004] However, under normal circumstances, the receiver cannot accurately know the channel loss, and there are large differences between transmission channels. This requires CTLE to be able to perform adaptive adjustments according to specific applications to achieve adaptive equalization.

[0005] CTLE is adaptively adjusted according to the input signal. There are several common methods, including frequency balance adaptation and power comparison adaptation. Frequency comparison adaptation: Taking the NRZ signal as an example, the PSD of the ideal pseudo-random NRZ sequence is divided into two equal parts, the low-frequency part and the high-frequency part. We can consider the ideal NRZ sequence as the best balanced state. When the low-frequency power is less than the high-frequency power, it means that the high-frequency power is too high, which means over-balanced; when the low-frequency power is higher than the high-frequency power, it means that the high-frequency power is too low, which means under-balanced. In practical applications, it is difficult for frequency balance adaptation to accurately divide the power spectrum density of the signal into two parts with equal power, and it is impossible to achieve the best equalization effect.

[0006] Power comparison adaptation uses the fact that the spectrum function of an ideal pseudo-random signal is fixed, while the spectrum function of a pseudo-random signal attenuated by a non-ideal channel will change. The average power of signals in the same frequency band is compared. If the signal power after CTLE is high, it means over-balanced, and if the power is low, it means under-balanced. If the power is the same, it means that the best balance state has been achieved. Because multi-stage amplifiers are required to restore the signal amplitude, and multi-stage amplifiers will reduce the overall bandwidth of the circuit, this adaptive method is difficult to apply in ultra-high-speed circuits. Summary of the invention

[0007] In view of the defects in the prior art, an object of the present invention is to provide a CTLE adaptive equalization method, system, medium and device based on hybrid equalization.

[0008] The CTLE adaptive equalization method based on hybrid equalization provided by the present invention includes:

[0009] Step 1: Use a combination of a continuous time linear equalizer CTLE, a feedforward equalizer FFE and a decision feedback equalizer DFE, wherein the CTLE, FFE and DFE are connected in sequence, and according to the relationship between the CTLE output signal and the next-stage FFE, the output state of the CTLE, i.e., under-equalization, equalization or over-equalization, is determined by analyzing the pre-cursor, cursor and post-cursor coefficients of the FFE;

[0010] Step 2: According to the above judgment result, the parameters of the CTLE are adjusted by the automatic gain control unit to realize the adaptive equalization of the CTLE, wherein both the CTLE and the FFE are connected to the automatic gain control unit.

[0011] Preferably, FFE uses normalized coefficients to evaluate the balance of the CTLE output signal, wherein the closer the Pre-cursor and Post-cursor coefficients are to zero, the closer the signal has been processed to balance, wherein the Pre-cursor coefficient is less than or equal to zero, and the more negative the coefficient is, the more obvious the enhancement effect of the high-frequency part of the signal is; the Post-cursor coefficient is less than or equal to zero, and the more negative the coefficient is, the more obvious the suppression effect of the low-frequency part of the signal is.

[0012] Preferably, when the Pre-cursor or Post-cursor coefficient of FFE is greater than zero, it indicates that there is over-equalization in the front stage of CTLE; when both the Pre-cursor and Post-cursor coefficients are less than zero, it indicates that the signal processed by CTLE is under-equalized; conversely, when any of these coefficients is greater than zero, it is considered to be over-equalized.

[0013] Preferably, the adaptive equalization of the CTLE is achieved by adjusting the parameters of the CTLE through the automatic gain control unit, specifically: judging the respective working areas of the CTLE and the FFE, determining whether they are in the preferred working area or the non-preferred working area, and automatically adjusting the gain of the CTLE according to the working area combination of the CTLE and the FFE;

[0014] If both CTLE and FFE are in the preferred working area, adjust the CTLE gain so that FFE is out of the preferred area with the maximum margin and CTLE is not out of the preferred area;

[0015] If the CTLE is in the preferred working area and the FFE is not in the preferred working area, the CTLE gain is adjusted so that the FFE is closest to the preferred area or enters the preferred area with the maximum margin;

[0016] If the CTLE is not in the preferred working area and the FFE is in the preferred working area, the CTLE gain is adjusted to make the CTLE closest to the preferred area or enter the preferred area;

[0017] If both the CTLE and the FFE are not in the preferred operating region, the CTLE gain is adjusted so that both are closest to the preferred region.

[0018] The CTLE adaptive equalization system based on hybrid equalization provided by the present invention includes:

[0019] Module M1: uses a combination of a continuous time linear equalizer CTLE, a feedforward equalizer FFE and a decision feedback equalizer DFE, wherein the CTLE, FFE and DFE are connected in sequence, and according to the relationship between the CTLE output signal and the next-stage FFE, the output state of the CTLE, i.e., under-equalization, equalization or over-equalization, is determined by analyzing the pre-cursor, cursor and post-cursor coefficients of the FFE;

[0020] Module M2: According to the above judgment result, the parameters of the CTLE are adjusted by the automatic gain control unit to realize the adaptive equalization of the CTLE, wherein both the CTLE and the FFE are connected to the automatic gain control unit.

[0021] Preferably, FFE uses normalized coefficients to evaluate the balance of the CTLE output signal, wherein the closer the Pre-cursor and Post-cursor coefficients are to zero, the closer the signal has been processed to balance, wherein the Pre-cursor coefficient is less than or equal to zero, and the more negative the coefficient is, the more obvious the enhancement effect of the high-frequency part of the signal is; the Post-cursor coefficient is less than or equal to zero, and the more negative the coefficient is, the more obvious the suppression effect of the low-frequency part of the signal is.

[0022] Preferably, when the Pre-cursor or Post-cursor coefficient of FFE is greater than zero, it indicates that there is over-equalization in the front stage of CTLE; when both the Pre-cursor and Post-cursor coefficients are less than zero, it indicates that the signal processed by CTLE is under-equalized; conversely, when any of these coefficients is greater than zero, it is considered to be over-equalized.

[0023] Preferably, the adaptive equalization of the CTLE is achieved by adjusting the parameters of the CTLE through the automatic gain control unit, specifically: judging the respective working areas of the CTLE and the FFE, determining whether they are in the preferred working area or the non-preferred working area, and automatically adjusting the gain of the CTLE according to the working area combination of the CTLE and the FFE;

[0024] If both CTLE and FFE are in the preferred working area, adjust the CTLE gain so that FFE is out of the preferred area with the maximum margin and CTLE is not out of the preferred area;

[0025] If the CTLE is in the preferred working area and the FFE is not in the preferred working area, the CTLE gain is adjusted so that the FFE is closest to the preferred area or enters the preferred area with the maximum margin;

[0026] If the CTLE is not in the preferred working area and the FFE is in the preferred working area, the CTLE gain is adjusted to make the CTLE closest to the preferred area or enter the preferred area;

[0027] If both the CTLE and the FFE are not in the preferred operating region, the CTLE gain is adjusted so that both are closest to the preferred region.

[0028] According to the computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program provided by the present invention, when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the CTLE adaptive equalization method based on hybrid equalization are implemented.

[0029] The electronic device provided according to the present invention comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the steps of the CTLE adaptive equalization method based on hybrid equalization are implemented.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0031] (1) As the transmission rate increases, the rate of processing signals becomes higher and higher. The present invention solves the problem that the frequency balance adaptation effect is poor and the power comparison adaptation method cannot solve the adaptation problem of high-speed signals;

[0032] (2) The present invention coordinates different equalization modules to work together, so that CTLE and FFE complement each other, increase the range of working in the preferred working area, and avoid signal distortion and inability to adjust. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0034] Figure 1 It is the system structure diagram;

[0035] Figure 2 It is based on hybrid equalization CTLE adaptation;

[0036] Figure 3 A flow chart of a method for CTLE adaptive equalization based on hybrid equalization;

[0037] Figure 4 A flow chart of the processing method for adaptive adjustment;

[0038] Figure 5 This is the schematic diagram of FFE. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments. The following embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention in any form. It should be noted that, for those of ordinary skill in the art, several changes and improvements can also be made without departing from the concept of the present invention. These all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

[0040] Example

[0041] The overall communication architecture is as follows Figure 1 As shown, in order to reduce inter-symbol interference (ISI) at the receiving end, the receiving end generally adopts a plurality of equalization methods CTLE+FFE+DFE. The present invention utilizes the equalization of the signal after CTLE output at the next level FFE, and analyzes and judges the axis head coefficient value of FFE to calculate whether the output signal of CTLE is under-equalized, balanced, or over-equalized, and then controls CTLE according to the configuration set by the control strategy, thereby realizing the adaptive equalization of CTLE. The equalization unit at the receiving end is as shown in FIG. Figure 2 shown.

[0042] The typical CTLE operation and circuit transfer function achieves compensation for the low-frequency pass and high-frequency block of the channel through relatively high high-frequency amplitude-frequency characteristics. The gain and amplitude-frequency characteristics of the CTLE can be adjusted by adjusting the circuit parameters.

[0043] In digital signal processing, FFE (Feed-Forward Equalizer) is an important technology for compensating channel distortion. Pre-cursor, Cursor and Post-cursor coefficients are key parameters of FFE. These coefficients are mainly used to perform weighted summation on the signal to correct the ISI generated during the signal transmission process.

[0044] Cursor coefficient: Usually corresponds to the coefficient of the current symbol, its function is to directly adjust the amplitude of the symbol to be processed. It can be thought of as a coefficient that works at the "center" of signal processing.

[0045] Pre-cursor coefficient: used to process the symbol before the current symbol. It mainly sets the coefficient size according to the interference of the previous symbol on the current symbol to eliminate or reduce such interference.

[0046] Post-cursor coefficient: used to process the symbol after the current symbol. It is similar to the Pre-cursor coefficient, but it compensates for the interference that the symbol after the current symbol may cause to the current symbol.

[0047] Typical 3-tape FFE via C -1 , C0, C1 coefficients to achieve input signal balance. Figure 5 , is a 3-tape FFE schematic. Coefficient C -1 The closer C1 is to zero, the more balanced the signal input to the FFE is processed by the preceding CTLE. The present invention uses the normalized coefficients to determine the balanced state of the output signal of the CTLE.

[0048] The corresponding pre-cursor coefficient is C -1 The coefficient size is set according to the interference caused by the previous symbol to the current symbol. The closer the coefficient is to zero, the more it means that the signal has been processed by the previous symbol ISI and is close to balance.

[0049] The same goes for the Post-cursor coefficient: it is used to process the symbol after the current symbol. Similar to the Pre-cursor coefficient, the closer this coefficient is to zero, the more it means that the signal has been processed close to balance by the ISI of the subsequent symbols.

[0050] Pre coefficient constraints and requirements: less than or equal to zero; the more negative the Pre coefficient, the more the high frequency of the signal is enhanced;

[0051] Post coefficient constraints and requirements: less than or equal to zero; the more negative the Post coefficient is, the more the low-frequency part of the signal is suppressed.

[0052] In the system design with the main goal of compensating the low-pass characteristics of the channel and reducing inter-symbol interference, it is usually hoped that the Pre and Post coefficients are less than or equal to zero. Because the communication channel generally has a low-pass characteristic, in order to compensate for the channel's attenuation of high-frequency signals and reduce inter-symbol interference, negative coefficients are more commonly used. Therefore, when designing the system, it is necessary to ensure that the coefficient does not exceed zero in the system.

[0053] When the pre or post coefficient of FFE is greater than zero, it indicates that there is over-equalization in the front stage of CTLE.

[0054] When C -1 and C1 are both less than zero, indicating that the signal processed by CTLE is under-balanced, otherwise it is over-balanced. Based on this, the adaptive module is used, such as Figure 2 As shown, the gain of CTLE is adjusted to achieve adaptive equalization.

[0055] The working area of ​​CTLE can be divided into the preferred area and the non-preferred area. The preferred area is the linear working area or high-frequency boost area of ​​CTLE. When CTLE works in this area, the equalization effect is good and the additional noise introduced is small. The non-preferred area refers to the limiting area of ​​CTLE, which will cause signal distortion and affect the equalization effect.

[0056] The working area of ​​FFE is also divided into a preferred area and a non-preferred area. The preferred area is the linear area where FFE works, and the non-preferred area is the non-linear area where FFE works. The non-linear area will cause signal distortion and affect the equalization effect.

[0057] When performing equalization, in the best state, both CTLE and FFE work in the preferred area and the signal is balanced. Figure 3 In the combination of sequence numbers 2 and 3, one of the balances is in a non-preferred area, and the priority order of the two can be achieved through configuration. Figure 3 Sequence number 4 in the figure is the working area that is not expected to be entered, and both equilibria are in the non-preferred working area.

[0058] According to the configuration, the adjustment mode with the priority of 1, 2, 3, 4 can be realized, or the adjustment mode of 1, 3, 2, 4 can be realized. The specific practice can be determined by the specific working performance of CTLE and FFE.

[0059] like Figure 4 As shown, the specific steps of the adaptive adjustment processing method are as follows:

[0060] First, the CTLE and FFE are judged in which working area according to the CTLE parameters and FFE equalization coefficients, and then the combination is determined according to whether the parameters fall in the linear area or the nonlinear area.

[0061] When the judgment result is the first combination, that is, CTLE and FFE are both in the preferred working area, the automatic gain control unit adjusts the CTLE gain so that the margin of FFE leaving the preferred area is the largest and CTLE does not leave the preferred area, that is, the input signal of FFE is closest to equilibrium.

[0062] When the judgment result is the second combination, that is, the CTLE is in the preferred working area and the FFE is not in the preferred working area, the automatic gain control unit adjusts the CTLE gain, and adjusts the CTLE gain so that the FFE is closest to the preferred area or enters the preferred area with the maximum margin, and the CTLE does not leave the preferred area, that is, the input signal of the FFE is closest to equilibrium, and the CTLE is in the preferred area.

[0063] When the judgment result is the third combination, that is, when the CTLE is in the non-preferred working area and the FFE is in the preferred working area, the automatic gain control unit adjusts the CTLE gain so that the CTLE is closest to the preferred area or enters the preferred area, and the FFE does not leave the preferred area.

[0064] When the judgment result is the fourth combination, the CTLE gain is adjusted so that both the CTLE and the FFE are closest to the preferred area.

[0065] The specific CTLE working area and FFE working area are determined according to the specific characteristics of the components during the specific circuit design. The working areas of CTLE and FFE can be divided into the preferred area (linear area) and the non-preferred area (non-linear area).

[0066] 1. CTLE workspace

[0067] 1) Linear region

[0068] Definition: In this region, the output signal of the CTLE (Continuous Time Linear Equalizer) presents a linear relationship with the input signal. Specifically, the amplitude change of the output signal is proportional to the amplitude change of the input signal. For example, if the input signal amplitude doubles, in the CTLE linear region, the output signal amplitude will also double accordingly.

[0069] Function: The linear region is mainly used to perform relatively gentle equalization processing on the signal. For example, when a certain degree of high-frequency attenuation occurs in the signal after transmission in the channel, the CTLE can increase the high-frequency component according to a certain gain in the linear region, making the frequency response of the signal more balanced. At the same time, due to the linear relationship, the signal distortion is small, and the original waveform characteristics of the signal can be better maintained, which helps to reduce inter-symbol interference.

[0070] Application scenario: Applicable to situations where signal distortion is small and channel attenuation is relatively uniform. For example, in a short-distance, high-quality communication link, the signal is relatively weak in interference and attenuation, and CTLE working in the linear region can effectively perform preliminary equalization of the signal.

[0071] 2) Nonlinear region

[0072] Definition: When the amplitude of the input signal exceeds a certain range, the output of the CTLE is no longer linearly related to the input and enters the nonlinear region. In this region, the change of the output signal is no longer simply proportional to the change of the input signal. For example, as the input signal amplitude increases further, the output signal may saturate, that is, the output signal amplitude no longer increases with the increase of the input signal amplitude, and may even become more distorted.

[0073] Function: Although the nonlinear region can cause signal distortion, it can also be useful in some cases. For example, when there is strong interference or noise in the signal, the nonlinear region of CTLE can suppress these interferences to a certain extent. It can remove interference components exceeding a certain amplitude in the signal through nonlinear operations such as limiting, thereby purifying the signal to a certain extent.

[0074] Application scenarios: Suitable for situations where signal interference is strong and special processing of the signal is required (such as removing strong pulse interference). However, since distortion will be introduced, the impact on signal quality needs to be carefully weighed when using it. For example, in a communication system in an industrial environment with a lot of electromagnetic interference, the nonlinear region of CTLE may be used to deal with sudden, high-intensity interference.

[0075] 2. FFE workspace

[0076] 1) Linear region

[0077] Definition: In the linear region of FFE (Feed Forward Equalizer), the output signal is linearly proportional to the input signal. That is, if the input signal amplitude changes, the output signal amplitude will change accordingly at a fixed ratio. For example, if the input signal amplitude doubles, the output signal amplitude will also precisely double.

[0078] Working principle: In this area, FFE mainly achieves equalization by weighted summing of input signals. It uses pre-set coefficients (such as Pre and Post coefficients) to linearly combine signal components with different delays. These coefficients determine the degree of enhancement or attenuation of each part of the signal. Since it is a linear operation, the waveform shape of the signal remains basically unchanged, only the characteristics such as amplitude and delay are adjusted.

[0079] Advantages: It can maintain the linear characteristics of the signal when processing the signal, effectively reducing signal distortion. It can accurately compensate for the inter-symbol interference and frequency response changes caused by the channel. For example, in a high-speed data transmission system, when the channel attenuates the high-frequency part of the signal and there is slight inter-symbol interference, the FFE working in the linear region can enhance the high-frequency component and eliminate the inter-symbol interference through reasonable coefficient settings, making the output signal close to the original signal.

[0080] Application scenarios: Applicable to situations where the signal quality is relatively good and the channel characteristics are relatively stable. For example, in short-distance, high-quality communication links or digital signal processing scenarios with high signal accuracy requirements, FFE working in the linear region can well complete the signal equalization task.

[0081] 2) Nonlinear region

[0082] Definition: When the amplitude of the input signal exceeds a certain range, FFE enters the nonlinear region, and the output signal is no longer linearly related to the input signal. The change of the output signal becomes complex and is no longer simply determined by the change in the input signal amplitude. For example, as the input signal amplitude increases, the output signal may saturate or generate nonlinear characteristics such as new frequency components.

[0083] Working principle: In the nonlinear region, some components inside the FFE (such as amplifiers, etc.) may reach saturation, resulting in the signal being unable to be processed according to linear laws. In addition, some nonlinear effects, such as crossover distortion, may also occur. This is because under the action of high-amplitude input signals, the working state of the FFE exceeds its linear working range, and the nonlinear characteristics in the circuit begin to play a dominant role.

[0084] Impact: Signal distortion increases, harmonic components may be generated, and inter-symbol interference may become more serious due to signal distortion. However, in some special cases, this nonlinear characteristic can also be used. For example, in signal detection, some special phenomena generated in the nonlinear region can be used as signal features to distinguish different types of signals.

[0085] Application scenarios: Generally used in situations where signal quality requirements are not high and special signal processing is required. For example, in some simple signal preprocessing scenarios, when it is necessary to quickly determine whether the signal exceeds a certain amplitude threshold, the nonlinear region of FFE can provide this simple amplitude judgment function. However, in most conventional signal equalization applications, FFE should be avoided as much as possible to ensure signal quality.

[0086] In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships, are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as a limitation on the present application.

[0087] Those skilled in the art know that, in addition to implementing the system, device and its various modules provided by the present invention in a purely computer-readable program code, it is entirely possible to implement the same program in the form of logic gates, switches, application-specific integrated circuits, programmable logic controllers and embedded microcontrollers by logically programming the method steps. Therefore, the system, device and its various modules provided by the present invention can be considered as a hardware component, and the modules included therein for implementing various programs can also be considered as structures within the hardware component; the modules for implementing various functions can also be considered as both software programs for implementing the method and structures within the hardware component.

[0088] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other arbitrarily.

Claims

1. A CTLE adaptive equalization method based on hybrid equalization, characterized in that: include: Step 1: Use a combination of a continuous time linear equalizer CTLE, a feedforward equalizer FFE and a decision feedback equalizer DFE, wherein the CTLE, FFE and DFE are connected in sequence, and according to the relationship between the CTLE output signal and the next-stage FFE, the output state of the CTLE, i.e., under-equalization, equalization or over-equalization, is determined by analyzing the pre-cursor, cursor and post-cursor coefficients of the FFE; Step 2: According to the above judgment result, the parameters of the CTLE are adjusted by the automatic gain control unit to realize the adaptive equalization of the CTLE, wherein both the CTLE and the FFE are connected to the automatic gain control unit.

2. The CTLE adaptive equalization method based on hybrid equalization according to claim 1, characterized in that: FFE uses normalized coefficients to evaluate the balance of the CTLE output signal. The closer the Pre-cursor and Post-cursor coefficients are to zero, the closer the signal has been processed to balance. The Pre-cursor coefficient is less than or equal to zero. The more negative the coefficient is, the more obvious the high-frequency enhancement effect of the signal is. The Post-cursor coefficient is less than or equal to zero. The more negative the coefficient is, the more obvious the low-frequency suppression effect of the signal is.

3. The CTLE adaptive equalization method based on hybrid equalization according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the Pre-cursor or Post-cursor coefficient of FFE is greater than zero, it indicates that there is over-equalization in the front stage of CTLE; when both the Pre-cursor and Post-cursor coefficients are less than zero, it indicates that the signal processed by CTLE is under-equalized; conversely, when any of these coefficients is greater than zero, it is considered to be over-equalized.

4. The CTLE adaptive equalization method based on hybrid equalization according to claim 1, characterized in that: The CTLE parameters are adjusted by the automatic gain control unit to realize the adaptive equalization of the CTLE, specifically: judging the respective working areas of the CTLE and the FFE, determining whether they are in the preferred working area or the non-preferred working area, and automatically adjusting the gain of the CTLE according to the working area combination of the CTLE and the FFE; If both CTLE and FFE are in the preferred working area, adjust the CTLE gain so that FFE is out of the preferred area with the maximum margin and CTLE is not out of the preferred area; If the CTLE is in the preferred working area and the FFE is not in the preferred working area, the CTLE gain is adjusted so that the FFE is closest to the preferred area or enters the preferred area with the maximum margin; If the CTLE is not in the preferred working area and the FFE is in the preferred working area, the CTLE gain is adjusted to make the CTLE closest to the preferred area or enter the preferred area; If both the CTLE and FFE are not in the preferred operating region, the CTLE gain is adjusted so that both are closest to the preferred region.

5. A CTLE adaptive equalization system based on hybrid equalization, characterized in that: include: Module M1: uses a combination of a continuous time linear equalizer CTLE, a feedforward equalizer FFE and a decision feedback equalizer DFE, wherein the CTLE, FFE and DFE are connected in sequence, and according to the relationship between the CTLE output signal and the next-stage FFE, the output state of the CTLE, i.e., under-equalization, equalization or over-equalization, is determined by analyzing the pre-cursor, cursor and post-cursor coefficients of the FFE; Module M2: According to the above judgment result, the parameters of the CTLE are adjusted by the automatic gain control unit to realize the adaptive equalization of the CTLE, wherein both the CTLE and the FFE are connected to the automatic gain control unit.

6. The CTLE adaptive equalization system based on hybrid equalization according to claim 5, characterized in that: FFE uses normalized coefficients to evaluate the balance of the CTLE output signal. The closer the Pre-cursor and Post-cursor coefficients are to zero, the closer the signal has been processed to balance. The Pre-cursor coefficient is less than or equal to zero. The more negative the coefficient is, the more obvious the high-frequency enhancement effect of the signal is. The Post-cursor coefficient is less than or equal to zero. The more negative the coefficient is, the more obvious the low-frequency suppression effect of the signal is.

7. The CTLE adaptive equalization system based on hybrid equalization according to claim 5, characterized in that: When the Pre-cursor or Post-cursor coefficient of FFE is greater than zero, it indicates that there is over-equalization in the front stage of CTLE; when both the Pre-cursor and Post-cursor coefficients are less than zero, it indicates that the signal processed by CTLE is under-equalized; conversely, when any of these coefficients is greater than zero, it is considered to be over-equalized.

8. The CTLE adaptive equalization system based on hybrid equalization according to claim 5, characterized in that: The CTLE parameters are adjusted by the automatic gain control unit to realize the adaptive equalization of the CTLE, specifically: judging the respective working areas of the CTLE and the FFE, determining whether they are in the preferred working area or the non-preferred working area, and automatically adjusting the gain of the CTLE according to the working area combination of the CTLE and the FFE; If both CTLE and FFE are in the preferred working area, adjust the CTLE gain so that FFE is out of the preferred area with the maximum margin and CTLE is not out of the preferred area; If the CTLE is in the preferred working area and the FFE is not in the preferred working area, the CTLE gain is adjusted so that the FFE is closest to the preferred area or enters the preferred area with the maximum margin; If the CTLE is not in the preferred working area and the FFE is in the preferred working area, the CTLE gain is adjusted to make the CTLE closest to the preferred area or enter the preferred area; If both the CTLE and the FFE are not in the preferred operating region, the CTLE gain is adjusted so that both are closest to the preferred region.

9. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the CTLE adaptive equalization method based on hybrid equalization according to any one of claims 1 to 4 are implemented.

10. An electronic device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the CTLE adaptive equalization method based on hybrid equalization according to any one of claims 1 to 4 are implemented.

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