Beam forming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased-array antenna

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of phased-array antennas, in particular to a beam forming optimization system based on a millimeter wave phased-array antenna, which comprises an antenna array module which can be arranged in a regular two-dimensional array and comprises a plurality of antenna units, each antenna unit can independently adjust the phase of a transmitted or received signal so as to realize accurate control of the beam direction; the phase regulation and control module can change the signal interference condition; a beam forming and optimizing module based on millimeter waves; an interference suppression and signal processing module; a control and monitoring module; according to the invention, the antenna array module, the phase regulation and control module, the beam forming and optimizing module, the interference suppression and signal processing module and the control and monitoring module are matched; the purposes of accurately controlling the beam direction and shape, reducing interference of surrounding non-target objects and improving the data transmission precision when the phased-array antenna beam is formed by adopting millimeter waves are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of phased array antennas, and in particular relates to a beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antennas. Background Art

[0002] Phased Array Antenna is an antenna system that combines multiple antenna units (or radiating elements) to form an overall system. It is composed of multiple antenna units, which can be single waveguide horn antennas, dipole antennas, patch antennas, etc. These antenna units are arranged according to a certain geometric layout (such as linear, planar or curved), and the phase difference is adjusted by the phase controller to achieve beam formation and direction control. Each antenna unit can independently transmit and receive signals, and is equipped with electronic devices such as phase shifters to adjust the phase;

[0003] In the beamforming process, the phase required for each antenna unit is first calculated according to the required pointing angle, and then these phases are applied to the corresponding antenna units. Since the signals emitted by each antenna unit have phase differences in space, they will interfere with each other and synthesize a beam pointing in a predetermined direction. This beam will concentrate energy in the selected direction, enhancing the signal transmission effect in that direction while suppressing signals in other directions.

[0004] However, in order to achieve precise phase control, phased array antennas require a large number of hardware components such as phase shifters and amplitude controllers, which increases the complexity of the system and makes it susceptible to interference from surrounding non-target objects, thereby affecting the accuracy of data transmission. Therefore, we need to propose a beamforming optimization system based on millimeter-wave phased array antennas to solve the above problems, so that it can use millimeter waves to form the beam of phased array antennas, accurately control the direction and shape of the beam, reduce interference from surrounding non-target objects, and improve the accuracy of data transmission. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a beamforming optimization system based on a millimeter wave phased array antenna, comprising: an antenna array module that can be arranged in a regular two-dimensional array, the antenna array module comprising a plurality of antenna units, each of the antenna units being able to independently adjust the phase of its transmitted or received signal to achieve precise control of the beam direction;

[0006] A phase control module capable of changing the interference of signals, wherein the phase control module is used to adjust the phase of each antenna unit to change the interference of signals, thereby synthesizing a beam pointing in a predetermined direction;

[0007] A millimeter-wave-based beamforming and optimization module that calculates the required phase for each antenna element based on the required pointing angle and beam shape, applies the required phase to the corresponding antenna element, and further optimizes the beam through a digital signal processing algorithm to improve transmission efficiency and anti-interference capabilities;

[0008] Interference suppression and signal processing module, which uses an adaptive filtering algorithm to reduce interference from surrounding non-target objects and improve the accuracy and reliability of data transmission;

[0009] A control and monitoring module, which is used to monitor the real-time data of the antenna array module, the phase control module, the beamforming and optimization module, and the interference suppression and signal processing module in real time to dynamically adjust and optimize the system to ensure the normal operation of each module and the accuracy of beamforming;

[0010] The phase control module is electrically connected to the antenna array module and the beam synthesis and optimization module respectively, and the beam synthesis and optimization module is electrically connected to the interference suppression and signal processing module.

[0011] Furthermore, the process of the antenna unit independently adjusting the phase of its transmitted or received signal is as follows:

[0012] A1. receiving a phase control instruction from a phase control module, where the phase control instruction includes information about a target phase value to which the antenna unit is expected to be adjusted;

[0013] A2. Determine the operating frequency f in the current millimeter wave band and the position coordinates x and y of the antenna unit in the entire antenna array according to the actual application scenario, and calculate the corresponding wavelength λ. The calculation formula of the wavelength λ is as follows:

[0014]

[0015] A3. Calculate the phase adjustment amount according to the target direction. There are two types of phase adjustment amounts: uniform linear array and two-dimensional array:

[0016] A31. For a uniform linear array, the element spacing of the antenna array is set to d, the angle between the target beam pointing direction and the array normal is set to θ, and the required phase adjustment is calculated. Phase adjustment amount The calculation formula is as follows:

[0017] n = 1, 2, ..., N, where N is the total number of antenna elements in the array and n is the number of current antenna elements;

[0018] A32. For a two-dimensional array, set the array element spacing in the x direction to d x , the array element spacing in the y direction is set to d y The target beam pointing direction is set to θ in azimuth and φ in elevation in the spherical coordinate system, and the directional components of the x-direction and y-direction of the coordinates (a, b) are calculated respectively.

[0019]

[0020] Where a is the row number of the coordinate (a, b), and b is the column number of the coordinate (a, b);

[0021] Calculate the total phase adjustment The calculation formula is:

[0022] A4, phase adjustment through microstrip line phase shifter;

[0023] A5. Set a phase detector at the output or input of the antenna unit to detect the actual adjusted phase and compare it with the target phase value. If there is a deviation, the deviation amount needs to be calculated. Then fine-tune the calibration again according to the deviation. The calculation formula is:

[0024] in, is the target phase value, is the actually detected phase value;

[0025] If there is no deviation, the phase adjustment is completed.

[0026] Furthermore, in step A4, the phase adjustment process is as follows:

[0027] A41. Confirm the working wavelength λ of the phase shifter t and the effective dielectric constant ε of the microstrip line eff , calculate the guided wave wavelength λ in the microstrip line g , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] A42, according to the waveguide wavelength λ g Calculate the phase constant β of the microstrip line using the following formula:

[0030]

[0031] A43. Set the capacitance change of the phase shifter's variable diode to Δc, and calculate the equivalent electrical length change of the microstrip line Δl. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0032] Δl=k*Δc, where k is a proportionality coefficient related to the microstrip line structure and dielectric parameters;

[0033] A44. Calculate the phase quantity based on the change in the equivalent electrical length Δl of the microstrip line and the phase constant β of the microstrip line The calculation formula is as follows:

[0034]

[0035] A45. Convert the calculated desired phase shift into an adjustment of the capacitance value of the varactor diode, thereby realizing the phase adjustment operation of the phase shifter on the signal.

[0036] Furthermore, the process of the phase control module adjusting the phase of each antenna unit is as follows:

[0037] B1. Determine the direction in which the beam needs to point through target positioning or communication requirements, that is, the elevation angle is e and the azimuth angle is r;

[0038] B2. Calculate the phase difference Δσ of each antenna element relative to the reference point based on the beam pointing and the layout of the antenna array. Among them, λ i is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, md(sine*cosr) is the path difference of the (e,r)th antenna unit relative to the reference point in the e direction, and nd(sine*sinr) is the path difference of the (e,r)th antenna unit relative to the reference point in the r direction;

[0039] B3. Apply the calculated individual bit difference to the corresponding antenna unit, and adjust the phase of each antenna unit by adjusting the formula. The adjustment formula is as follows:

[0040] Where V0 is the offset voltage, h is the voltage and phase conversion coefficient, is the phase difference that needs to be adjusted, is the control voltage;

[0041] B4. Verify whether the direction and shape of the beam meet expectations through measurement and adjustment. If so, perform beam synthesis and bodying. If not, return to B1.

[0042] Furthermore, the process of beamforming and optimization by the beamforming and optimization module is as follows:

[0043] C1. Determine the required pointing angle and related parameters of the desired beam shape according to the preset mission requirements;

[0044] C2. Calculate the phase difference that needs to be adjusted for each antenna unit based on the acquired pointing angle and the structural parameters of the antenna array;

[0045] C3. Optimize the beam shape based on the phase difference. The optimization formula is as follows:

[0046] Among them, A(θ) is the original array factor, A w (θ) is the array factor after windowing, w(n) is the window function, a n is the correlation coefficient of the excitation amplitude of each array element;

[0047] C4. Calculate the weight value w(k) of the input signal. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0048] Among them, x k is the input signal vector, M is the total number of input signals;

[0049] C5. Optimize beam performance by iteratively updating weights according to weight value w(k). The iterative update formula is as follows:

[0050] w(k+1)=w(k)+2μ*e(k)*x(k), where μ is the step size factor, e(k) is the error signal, and x(k) is the input signal vector. The beam performance is optimized by continuously iteratively updating the weights to improve transmission efficiency and anti-interference ability.

[0051] C6. Initialize and configure each antenna unit and set basic electrical parameters of the antenna unit, including gain and radiation pattern;

[0052] C7, receives the phase adjustment instruction from the phase control module to change the phase of its own signal, utilizes the phase difference between multiple antenna units, and controls the beam direction through the mutual interference of electromagnetic waves emitted by each antenna unit in space.

[0053] Furthermore, in step C2, the phase difference calculation method required to be adjusted for each antenna unit has the following two situations:

[0054] C21. For a uniform linear array, calculate the required phase difference of the nth antenna element relative to the reference element. Phase Difference The calculation formula is as follows:

[0055]

[0056] Among them, λ j is the working wavelength, d is the array element spacing, θ j is the initial phase, n is the number of current antenna units, and s is the phase constant;

[0057] C22. For a rectangular planar array, the azimuth angle α of the target beam pointing direction, the elevation angle γ of the target beam pointing direction, and the array element spacing d in the x and y directions are determined based on the coordinates of the antenna unit relative to the reference array element (o,u). o and d u , calculate the phase difference in the x direction and the y-component The calculation formula is as follows:

[0058]

[0059] Where s is the phase constant, is the total phase adjustment.

[0060] Furthermore, the process of the interference suppression and signal processing module reducing the interference of surrounding non-target objects is as follows:

[0061] D1. Collect the mixed signal containing the interference signal received by the antenna array module in real time, use the discrete analysis formula to analyze the mixed signal in the time domain and frequency domain, and confirm the frequency characteristics and intensity distribution of the interference signal. The discrete analysis formula is as follows:

[0062]

[0063] The ith frequency component in the frequency domain, x(n) is a discrete time domain signal sequence, n is a time index ranging from 0 to N-1, e is a natural constant, j is an imaginary unit, and j satisfies 2 = -1, i is the frequency domain index;

[0064] D2. Adopt the adaptive filtering formula to filter to suppress the interference of surrounding non-target objects. The adaptive filtering formula is as follows:

[0065] y(n)=w t (n)*x(n),

[0066] w t (n) = 2μ*e(n)*x(n), where μ is the step size factor, e(n) is the error signal, x(n) is the input signal vector, and w t (n) is the filter weight vector;

[0067] D3. The original signal is restored by detecting the amplitude change of the signal through a detector, and the original signal is restored by detecting the frequency change of the signal through a frequency detector.

[0068] Furthermore, the process of monitoring and controlling by the control and monitoring module is as follows:

[0069] E1. Set the data types and acquisition frequency parameters that need to be collected by the antenna array module, phase control module, beamforming and optimization module, and interference suppression and signal processing module respectively;

[0070] E2. Collect relevant data of each module in real time according to the set parameters. The relevant data of each module includes the actual phase value of each unit of the antenna array, the actual direction and shape parameters of the output beam of the beam synthesis module, and the quality index data of the signal processed by the interference suppression module. Calculate the quality index BER of the processed signal. The quality index BER calculation formula is as follows:

[0071] Among them, N e is the number of error code elements, N t is the total number of code elements;

[0072] E3. Compare and analyze the collected data with the expected working status indicators to determine whether the data is within the expected indicator range;

[0073] E4. When it is found that the data exceeds the expected indicators, the adjustment instructions for each related module are generated according to the corresponding control strategy and algorithm. When it is found that the data is within the expected indicators, it returns to E2.

[0074] Furthermore, in step E3, the collected data is compared and analyzed with the expected working status indicators, and there are the following two situations:

[0075] E31. For the beam direction, the actual beam azimuth and elevation angle monitored are compared with the expected target beam azimuth and elevation angle, and the deviation is calculated. If the deviation exceeds the allowable error value, it is determined that the expected index is exceeded; if the deviation does not exceed the allowable error value, it is determined that the expected index is not exceeded;

[0076] E32. For the interference suppression effect, the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal processed by the interference suppression and signal processing module is analyzed and compared with the signal-to-noise ratio of the ideal signal in the absence of interference. If the signal-to-noise ratio of the processed signal is less than or equal to the ideal signal-to-noise ratio, it is judged that it exceeds the expected index. If the processed signal is greater than the ideal signal, it is judged that it does not exceed the expected index.

[0077] Furthermore, in step E4, the generated adjustment instruction has the following two situations:

[0078] E41. When it is determined that the beam direction is deviated, an instruction to recalculate and adjust the phase is sent to the phase control module;

[0079] E42. If it is found that the interference suppression effect is not good, the interference suppression and signal processing module is notified to optimize its algorithm parameters. For the adaptive filtering algorithm, the parameters of the step size factor need to be adjusted.

[0080] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0081] 1. The present invention achieves the goals of accurately controlling the beam pointing and shape, reducing interference from surrounding non-target objects, and improving data transmission accuracy when using millimeter waves to form the phased array antenna beam, through the cooperation of the antenna array module, the phase control module, the beam synthesis and optimization module, the interference suppression and signal processing module, and the control and monitoring module.

[0082] 2. After calculating the phase of each unit, the antenna array module of the present invention converts it into corresponding control instructions and sends them to each antenna unit in the antenna array module, driving the phase shifter of each unit to adjust the phase of the signal, thereby changing the interference of the signals of each unit in space, so that the electromagnetic waves emitted by multiple units can be superimposed and interfered in the desired direction, synthesizing a beam pointing in a predetermined direction, thereby realizing precise control of the beam pointing.

[0083] 3. The present invention can further optimize the beam shape through the beam synthesis and optimization module to make it more in line with communication requirements and achieve precise control of the beam shape. By continuously iteratively updating the weights, it can adaptively enhance the signal in the desired direction and suppress the signal in other interference directions, thereby improving the anti-interference ability of the beam during the transmission process and facilitating the improvement of the overall data transmission accuracy.

[0084] Other features and advantages of the present invention will be described in the following description, and partly become apparent from the description, or understood by practicing the present invention. The purpose and other advantages of the present invention can be realized and obtained by the structures pointed out in the description, claims and drawings. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0085] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0086] Figure 1 A system block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0087] Figure 2 A flowchart of independently adjusting the phase of a transmitted or received signal by an antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0088] Figure 3 A flowchart of the phase adjustment module for each antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0089] Figure 4 A flowchart of beam synthesis and optimization performed by a beam synthesis and optimization module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown;

[0090] Figure 5 A flowchart of monitoring and controlling performed by a control and monitoring module according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0091] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0092] The embodiment of the present invention provides a beamforming optimization system based on a millimeter wave phased array antenna, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, it includes an antenna array module that can be arranged in a regular two-dimensional array, a phase control module that can change the signal interference situation, a beam synthesis and optimization module based on millimeter waves, an interference suppression and signal processing module, and a control and monitoring module. The phase control module is electrically connected to the antenna array module and the beam synthesis and optimization module respectively, and the beam synthesis and optimization module is electrically connected to the interference suppression and signal processing module. The antenna array module includes a plurality of antenna units, and each of the antenna units can independently adjust the phase of its transmitted or received signal to achieve precise control of the beam direction;

[0093] The antenna unit includes a radiation module, a reflector, a power distribution network module and an antenna cover. The antenna cover wraps the radiation module and the power distribution network module to protect the antenna module from being affected by the external environment (such as dust, wind and rain, etc.). The radiation module is used to radiate electromagnetic wave energy into space or receive electromagnetic waves from space. The reflector is placed behind the radiation module. The reflector and the radiation module form a fan-shaped area covering the antenna, which is used to control the radiation to a single direction to enhance the directivity of the antenna; the power distribution network module is used to distribute the input power to each radiation module to ensure that each radiation module can obtain power to radiate electromagnetic waves, and at the same time receive signals from each radiation module, and combine the received signals for output;

[0094] like Figure 2 As shown, the process of the antenna unit independently adjusting the phase of its transmission or reception signal is as follows:

[0095] A1. receiving a phase control instruction from a phase control module, where the phase control instruction includes information about a target phase value to which the antenna unit is expected to be adjusted;

[0096] A2. Determine the operating frequency f in the current millimeter wave band and the position coordinates x and y of the antenna unit in the entire antenna array according to the actual application scenario, and calculate the corresponding wavelength λ. The calculation formula of the wavelength λ is as follows:

[0097] Where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, which is approximately 3*10 8 m / s;

[0098] A3. Calculate the phase adjustment amount according to the target direction. There are two types of phase adjustment amounts: uniform linear array and two-dimensional array:

[0099] A31. For a uniform linear array, the element spacing of the antenna array is set to d, the angle between the target beam pointing direction and the array normal is set to θ, and the required phase adjustment is calculated. Phase adjustment amount The calculation formula is as follows:

[0100] n = 1, 2, ..., N, where N is the total number of antenna elements in the array and n is the number of current antenna elements;

[0101] A32. For a two-dimensional array, set the array element spacing in the x direction to d x , the array element spacing in the y direction is set to d y The target beam pointing direction is set to θ in azimuth and φ in elevation in the spherical coordinate system, and the directional components of the x-direction and y-direction of the coordinates (a, b) are calculated respectively.

[0102]

[0103] Where a is the row number of the coordinate (a, b), and b is the column number of the coordinate (a, b);

[0104] Calculate the total phase adjustment The calculation formula is:

[0105] Each antenna unit in the two-dimensional array can accurately determine the phase adjustment required by itself based on its position in the array and the direction angle of the target beam;

[0106] A4. Use microstrip line phase shifter to adjust the phase. The phase adjustment process is as follows:

[0107] A41. Confirm the working wavelength λ of the phase shifter tand the effective dielectric constant ε of the microstrip line eff , calculate the guided wave wavelength λ in the microstrip line g , the calculation formula is as follows:

[0108]

[0109] A42, according to the waveguide wavelength λ g Calculate the phase constant β of the microstrip line using the following formula:

[0110]

[0111] A43. Set the capacitance change of the phase shifter's variable diode to Δc, and calculate the equivalent electrical length change of the microstrip line Δl. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0112] Δl=k*Δc, where k is a proportionality coefficient related to the microstrip line structure and dielectric parameters;

[0113] A44. Calculate the phase quantity based on the change in the equivalent electrical length Δl of the microstrip line and the phase constant β of the microstrip line The calculation formula is as follows:

[0114]

[0115] A45, converting the calculated expected phase shift into adjustment of the capacitance value of the varactor diode, thereby realizing the phase adjustment operation of the phase shifter on the signal;

[0116] A5. Set a phase detector at the output or input of the antenna unit to detect the actual adjusted phase and compare it with the target phase value. If there is a deviation, the deviation amount needs to be calculated. Then fine-tune the calibration again according to the deviation. The calculation formula is:

[0117] in, is the target phase value, is the actually detected phase value;

[0118] If there is no deviation, the phase adjustment is completed;

[0119] After calculating the phase of each unit, the antenna array module converts it into corresponding control instructions and sends them to each antenna unit in the antenna array module, driving the phase shifter of each unit to adjust the phase of the signal, thereby changing the interference of the signals of each unit in space, so that the electromagnetic waves emitted by multiple units can be superimposed and interfered in the desired direction, synthesizing a beam pointing in the predetermined direction, thereby realizing precise control of the beam pointing.

[0120] The phase control module is used to adjust the phase of each antenna unit to change the interference of the signal, thereby synthesizing a beam pointing to a predetermined direction;

[0121] like Figure 3 As shown, the process of the phase control module adjusting the phase of each antenna unit is as follows:

[0122] B1. Determine the direction in which the beam needs to point through target positioning or communication requirements, that is, the elevation angle is e and the azimuth angle is r;

[0123] B2. Calculate the phase difference Δσ of each antenna element relative to the reference point based on the beam pointing and the layout of the antenna array. Among them, λ i is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, md(sine*cosr) is the path difference of the (e,r)th antenna unit relative to the reference point in the e direction, and nd(sine*sinr) is the path difference of the (e,r)th antenna unit relative to the reference point in the r direction;

[0124] B3. Apply the calculated individual bit difference to the corresponding antenna unit, and adjust the phase of each antenna unit by adjusting the formula. The adjustment formula is as follows:

[0125] Where V0 is the offset voltage, h is the voltage and phase conversion coefficient, is the phase difference that needs to be adjusted, is the control voltage;

[0126] B4. Verify whether the direction and shape of the beam meet expectations through measurement and adjustment. If so, perform beam synthesis and bodying. If not, return to B1.

[0127] The beamforming and optimization module calculates the required phase of each antenna unit according to the required pointing angle and beam shape, applies the required phase to the corresponding antenna unit, and further optimizes the beam through a digital signal processing algorithm to improve transmission efficiency and anti-interference capability;

[0128] like Figure 4 As shown, the process of beam synthesis and optimization by the beam synthesis and optimization module is as follows:

[0129] C1. Determine the required pointing angle and related parameters of the desired beam shape according to the preset mission requirements;

[0130] C2. Calculate the phase difference that needs to be adjusted for each antenna unit based on the acquired pointing angle and the structural parameters of the antenna array. There are two calculation methods:

[0131] C21. For a uniform linear array, calculate the required phase difference of the nth antenna element relative to the reference element. Phase Difference The calculation formula is as follows:

[0132]

[0133] Among them, λ j is the working wavelength, d is the array element spacing, θ j is the initial phase, n is the number of current antenna units, and s is the phase constant;

[0134] C22. For a rectangular planar array, the azimuth angle α of the target beam pointing direction, the elevation angle γ of the target beam pointing direction, and the array element spacing d in the x and y directions are determined based on the coordinates of the antenna unit relative to the reference array element (o,u). o and d u , calculate the phase difference in the x direction and the y-component The calculation formula is as follows:

[0135]

[0136] Where s is the phase constant, is the total phase adjustment;

[0137] C3. Optimize the beam shape based on the phase difference. The optimization formula is as follows:

[0138] Among them, A(θ) is the original array factor, A w (θ) is the array factor after windowing, w(n) is the window function, a n is the correlation coefficient of the excitation amplitude of each array element;

[0139] C4. Calculate the weight value w(k) of the input signal. The calculation formula is as follows:

[0140] Among them, x k is the input signal vector, M is the total number of input signals;

[0141] C5. Optimize beam performance by iteratively updating weights according to weight value w(k). The iterative update formula is as follows:

[0142] w(k+1)=w(k)+2μ*e(k)*x(k), where μ is the step size factor, e(k) is the error signal, and x(k) is the input signal vector. The beam performance is optimized by continuously iteratively updating the weights to improve transmission efficiency and anti-interference ability.

[0143] C6. Initialize and configure each antenna unit and set basic electrical parameters of the antenna unit, including gain and radiation pattern;

[0144] C7, receiving the phase adjustment instruction from the phase control module to change the phase of its own signal, using the phase difference between multiple antenna units, and controlling the beam direction through the mutual interference of electromagnetic waves emitted by each antenna unit in space;

[0145] The beam synthesis and optimization module can further optimize the beam shape to make it more in line with communication requirements and achieve precise control of the beam shape. By continuously iteratively updating the weights, the signal can be adaptively enhanced in the desired direction, while suppressing the signal in other interference directions. This improves the anti-interference ability of the beam during transmission and facilitates improving the overall data transmission accuracy.

[0146] The interference suppression and signal processing module reduces the interference of surrounding non-target objects through an adaptive filtering algorithm, thereby improving the accuracy and reliability of data transmission;

[0147] The process of the interference suppression and signal processing module to reduce the interference of surrounding non-target objects is as follows:

[0148] D1. Collect the mixed signal containing the interference signal received by the antenna array module in real time, use the discrete analysis formula to analyze the mixed signal in the time domain and frequency domain, and confirm the frequency characteristics and intensity distribution of the interference signal. The discrete analysis formula is as follows:

[0149] Among them, x i is the ith frequency component of the discrete signal x(n) in the frequency domain after FFT transformation, x(n) is a discrete time domain signal sequence, n is a time index ranging from 0 to N-1, e is a natural constant, j is an imaginary unit, and j satisfies 2 = -1, i is the frequency domain index;

[0150] D2. Adopt the adaptive filtering formula to filter to suppress the interference of surrounding non-target objects. The adaptive filtering formula is as follows:

[0151] y(n)=w t (n)*x(n),

[0152] w t (n) = 2μ*e(n)*x(n), where μ is the step size factor, e(n) is the error signal, x(n) is the input signal vector, and w t (n) is the filter weight vector;

[0153] D3, recover the original signal by detecting the amplitude change of the signal through the detector, and recover the original signal by detecting the frequency change of the signal through the frequency detector;

[0154] By continuously adjusting the weight vector to make the output as close to the expected signal as possible and suppressing the interference signal, the interference of surrounding non-target objects is reduced, ensuring the accuracy of data transmission from the signal processing level. At the same time, the signal after interference suppression will be subsequently restored and enhanced, such as demodulation and decoding, to further improve the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0155] The control and monitoring module is used to monitor the real-time data of the antenna array module, the phase control module, the beamforming and optimization module, and the interference suppression and signal processing module in real time to dynamically adjust and optimize the system to ensure the normal operation of each module and the accuracy of beamforming;

[0156] like Figure 5 As shown, the process of monitoring and controlling by the control and monitoring module is as follows:

[0157] E1. Set the data types (such as working status parameters of each module, key signal indicators, etc.) and acquisition frequency parameters that need to be collected by the antenna array module, phase control module, beamforming and optimization module, and interference suppression and signal processing module respectively;

[0158] E2. Collect relevant data of each module in real time according to the set parameters. The relevant data of each module includes the actual phase value of each unit of the antenna array, the actual direction and shape parameters of the output beam of the beam synthesis module, and the quality index data of the signal processed by the interference suppression module. Calculate the quality index BER of the processed signal. The quality index BER calculation formula is as follows:

[0159] Among them, N e is the number of error code elements, N t is the total number of code elements;

[0160] E3. Compare and analyze the collected data with the expected working status indicators to determine whether the data is within the expected indicator range;

[0161] There are two situations in which the collected data is compared and analyzed with the expected working status indicators:

[0162] E31. For the beam direction, the actual beam azimuth and elevation angle monitored are compared with the expected target beam azimuth and elevation angle, and the deviation is calculated. If the deviation exceeds the allowable error value, it is determined that the expected index is exceeded; if the deviation does not exceed the allowable error value, it is determined that the expected index is not exceeded;

[0163] E32. For the interference suppression effect, the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal processed by the interference suppression and signal processing module is analyzed and compared with the signal-to-noise ratio of the ideal signal without interference. If the signal-to-noise ratio of the processed signal is less than or equal to the ideal signal-to-noise ratio, it is judged that the expected index is exceeded; if the processed signal is greater than the ideal signal, it is judged that the expected index is not exceeded;

[0164] E4. When it is found that the data exceeds the expected index, the adjustment instructions for each related module are generated according to the corresponding control strategy and algorithm. When it is found that the data is within the expected index, it returns to E2;

[0165] There are two situations for the generated adjustment instructions:

[0166] E41. When it is determined that the beam direction is deviated, an instruction to recalculate and adjust the phase is sent to the phase control module; the instruction should include deviation information and relevant parameters of the current system (such as antenna array parameters, operating frequency, etc.), so that the phase control module can recalculate the relative phase difference of each antenna unit based on this information and make adjustments in subsequent steps;

[0167] E42. If it is found that the interference suppression effect is not good, the interference suppression and signal processing module will be notified to optimize its algorithm parameters. For the adaptive filtering algorithm, the parameters of the step factor need to be adjusted. The specific adjustment strategy depends on the algorithm used and the actual situation. For example, if the intensity of the interference signal suddenly increases, the step factor may be appropriately reduced to improve the convergence speed and stability of the algorithm; if the system is in a relatively stable environment, the step factor may be appropriately increased to speed up the response speed of the algorithm. At the same time, it may be necessary to reconfigure the filter parameters or switch the interference suppression algorithm based on information such as the frequency characteristics of the interference signal;

[0168] Through the dynamic adjustment and optimization mechanism of the control and monitoring module, the precise beam pointing, shape optimization and interference suppression effects are continuously guaranteed, thereby improving the accuracy of data transmission.

[0169] Through the coordination of antenna array module, phase control module, beam synthesis and optimization module, interference suppression and signal processing module, and control and monitoring module, the goal of accurately controlling beam pointing and shape, reducing interference from surrounding non-target objects, and improving data transmission accuracy when using millimeter waves to form phased array antenna beams is achieved.

[0170] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein; and these modifications or substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antenna, characterized in that: include: An antenna array module that can be arranged in a regular two-dimensional array, the antenna array module comprising a plurality of antenna units, each of which can independently adjust the phase of its transmitted or received signal to achieve precise control of the beam direction; A phase control module capable of changing the interference of signals, wherein the phase control module is used to adjust the phase of each antenna unit to change the interference of signals, thereby synthesizing a beam pointing in a predetermined direction; A millimeter-wave-based beamforming and optimization module that calculates the required phase for each antenna element based on the required pointing angle and beam shape, applies the required phase to the corresponding antenna element, and further optimizes the beam through a digital signal processing algorithm to improve transmission efficiency and anti-interference capabilities; Interference suppression and signal processing module, which uses an adaptive filtering algorithm to reduce interference from surrounding non-target objects and improve the accuracy and reliability of data transmission; A control and monitoring module, which is used to monitor the real-time data of the antenna array module, the phase control module, the beamforming and optimization module, and the interference suppression and signal processing module in real time to dynamically adjust and optimize the system to ensure the normal operation of each module and the accuracy of beamforming; The phase control module is electrically connected to the antenna array module and the beam synthesis and optimization module respectively, and the beam synthesis and optimization module is electrically connected to the interference suppression and signal processing module.

2. The beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process of the antenna unit independently adjusting the phase of its transmission or reception signal is as follows: A1. receiving a phase control instruction from a phase control module, where the phase control instruction includes information about a target phase value to which the antenna unit is expected to be adjusted; A2. Determine the operating frequency f in the current millimeter wave band and the position coordinates x and y of the antenna unit in the entire antenna array according to the actual application scenario, and calculate the corresponding wavelength λ. The calculation formula of the wavelength λ is as follows: Where c is the speed of light in a vacuum, which is approximately 3*10 8 m / s; A3. Calculate the phase adjustment amount according to the target direction. There are two types of phase adjustment amounts: uniform linear array and two-dimensional array: A31. For a uniform linear array, the element spacing of the antenna array is set to d, the angle between the target beam pointing direction and the array normal is set to θ, and the required phase adjustment is calculated. Phase adjustment amount The calculation formula is as follows: Where N is the total number of antenna elements in the array, and n is the number of current antenna elements; A32. For a two-dimensional array, set the array element spacing in the x direction to d x , the array element spacing in the y direction is set to d y The target beam pointing direction is set to θ in azimuth and φ in elevation in the spherical coordinate system, and the directional components of the x-direction and y-direction of the coordinates (a, b) are calculated respectively. Where a is the row number of the coordinate (a, b), and b is the column number of the coordinate (a, b); Calculate the total phase adjustment The calculation formula is: A4, phase adjustment through microstrip line phase shifter; A5. Set a phase detector at the output or input of the antenna unit to detect the actual adjusted phase and compare it with the target phase value. If there is a deviation, the deviation amount needs to be calculated. Then fine-tune the calibration again according to the deviation. The calculation formula is: in, is the target phase value, is the actually detected phase value; If there is no deviation, the phase adjustment is completed.

3. The beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antenna according to claim 2, characterized in that: In step A4, the phase adjustment process is as follows: A41. Confirm the working wavelength λ of the phase shifter t and the effective dielectric constant ε of the microstrip line eff , calculate the guided wave wavelength λ in the microstrip line g , the calculation formula is as follows: A42, according to the waveguide wavelength λ g Calculate the phase constant β of the microstrip line using the following formula: A43. Set the capacitance change of the phase shifter's variable diode to Δc, and calculate the equivalent electrical length change of the microstrip line Δl. The calculation formula is as follows: Δl=k*Δc, where k is a proportionality coefficient related to the microstrip line structure and dielectric parameters; A44. Calculate the phase quantity based on the change in the equivalent electrical length Δl of the microstrip line and the phase constant β of the microstrip line The calculation formula is as follows: A45. Convert the calculated desired phase shift into an adjustment of the capacitance value of the varactor diode, thereby realizing the phase adjustment operation of the phase shifter on the signal.

4. The beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antenna according to claim 3, characterized in that: The process of the phase control module adjusting the phase of each antenna unit is as follows: B1. Determine the direction in which the beam needs to point through target positioning or communication requirements, that is, the elevation angle is e and the azimuth angle is r; B2. Calculate the phase difference Δσ of each antenna element relative to the reference point based on the beam pointing and the layout of the antenna array. Among them, λ i is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave, md(sine*cosr) is the path difference of the (e,r)th antenna unit relative to the reference point in the e direction, and nd(sine*sinr) is the path difference of the (e,r)th antenna unit relative to the reference point in the r direction; B3. Apply the calculated individual bit difference to the corresponding antenna unit, and adjust the phase of each antenna unit by adjusting the formula. The adjustment formula is as follows: Where V0 is the offset voltage, h is the voltage and phase conversion coefficient, is the phase difference that needs to be adjusted, is the control voltage; B4. Verify whether the direction and shape of the beam meet expectations through measurement and adjustment. If so, perform beam synthesis and bodying. If not, return to B1.

5. The beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antenna according to claim 4, characterized in that: The process of beamforming and optimization by the beamforming and optimization module is as follows: C1. Determine the required pointing angle and related parameters of the desired beam shape according to the preset mission requirements; C2. Calculate the phase difference that needs to be adjusted for each antenna unit based on the acquired pointing angle and the structural parameters of the antenna array; C3. Optimize the beam shape based on the phase difference. The optimization formula is as follows: Among them, A(θ) is the original array factor, A w (θ) is the array factor after windowing, w(n) is the window function, a n is the correlation coefficient of the excitation amplitude of each array element; C4. Calculate the weight value w(k) of the input signal. The calculation formula is as follows: Among them, x k is the input signal vector, M is the total number of input signals; C5. Optimize beam performance by iteratively updating weights according to weight value w(k). The iterative update formula is as follows: w(k+1)=w(k)+2μ*e(k)*x(k), where μ is the step size factor, e(k) is the error signal, and x(k) is the input signal vector. The beam performance is optimized by continuously iteratively updating the weights to improve transmission efficiency and anti-interference ability. C6. Initialize and configure each antenna unit and set basic electrical parameters of the antenna unit, including gain and radiation pattern; C7, receives the phase adjustment instruction from the phase control module to change the phase of its own signal, utilizes the phase difference between multiple antenna units, and controls the beam direction through the mutual interference of electromagnetic waves emitted by each antenna unit in space.

6. The beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antenna according to claim 5, characterized in that: In step C2, the phase difference calculation method required to be adjusted for each antenna unit has the following two situations: C21. For a uniform linear array, calculate the required phase difference of the nth antenna element relative to the reference element. Phase Difference The calculation formula is as follows: Among them, λ j is the working wavelength, d is the array element spacing, θ j is the initial phase, n is the number of current antenna units, and s is the phase constant; C22. For a rectangular planar array, the azimuth angle α of the target beam pointing direction, the elevation angle γ of the target beam pointing direction, and the array element spacing d in the x and y directions are determined based on the coordinates of the antenna unit relative to the reference array element (o,u). o and d u , calculate the phase difference in the x direction and the y-component The calculation formula is as follows: Where s is the phase constant, is the total phase adjustment.

7. The beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antenna according to claim 6, characterized in that: The process of the interference suppression and signal processing module to reduce the interference of surrounding non-target objects is as follows: D1. Collect the mixed signal containing the interference signal received by the antenna array module in real time, use the discrete analysis formula to analyze the mixed signal in the time domain and frequency domain, and confirm the frequency characteristics and intensity distribution of the interference signal. The discrete analysis formula is as follows: Among them, x i is the ith frequency component of the discrete signal x(n) in the frequency domain after FFT transformation, x(n) is a discrete time domain signal sequence, n is a time index ranging from 0 to N-1, e is a natural constant, j is an imaginary unit, and j satisfies 2 = -1, i is the frequency domain index; D2. Adopt the adaptive filtering formula to filter to suppress the interference of surrounding non-target objects. The adaptive filtering formula is as follows: y(n)=w t (n)*x(n), w t (n) = 2μ*e(n)*x(n), where μ is the step size factor, e(n) is the error signal, x(n) is the input signal vector, and w t (n) is the filter weight vector; D3. The original signal is restored by detecting the amplitude change of the signal through a detector, and the original signal is restored by detecting the frequency change of the signal through a frequency detector.

8. The beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antenna according to claim 7, characterized in that: The process of monitoring and controlling by the control and monitoring module is as follows: E1. Set the data types and acquisition frequency parameters that need to be collected by the antenna array module, phase control module, beamforming and optimization module, and interference suppression and signal processing module respectively; E2. Collect relevant data of each module in real time according to the set parameters. The relevant data of each module includes the actual phase value of each unit of the antenna array, the actual direction and shape parameters of the output beam of the beam synthesis module, and the quality index data of the signal processed by the interference suppression module. Calculate the quality index BER of the processed signal. The quality index BER calculation formula is as follows: Among them, N e is the number of error code elements, N t is the total number of code elements; E3. Compare and analyze the collected data with the expected working status indicators to determine whether the data is within the expected indicator range; E4. When it is found that the data exceeds the expected indicators, the adjustment instructions for each related module are generated according to the corresponding control strategy and algorithm. When it is found that the data is within the expected indicators, it returns to E2.

9. The beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antenna according to claim 8, characterized in that: In step E3, the collected data is compared with the expected working status indicators and there are two situations: E31. For the beam direction, the actual beam azimuth and elevation angle monitored are compared with the expected target beam azimuth and elevation angle, and the deviation is calculated. If the deviation exceeds the allowable error value, it is determined that the expected index is exceeded; if the deviation does not exceed the allowable error value, it is determined that the expected index is not exceeded; E32. For the interference suppression effect, the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal processed by the interference suppression and signal processing module is analyzed and compared with the signal-to-noise ratio of the ideal signal in the absence of interference. If the signal-to-noise ratio of the processed signal is less than or equal to the ideal signal-to-noise ratio, it is judged that it exceeds the expected index. If the processed signal is greater than the ideal signal, it is judged that it does not exceed the expected index.

10. The beamforming optimization system based on millimeter wave phased array antenna according to claim 9, characterized in that: In step E4, the generated adjustment instructions may be in the following two situations: E41. When it is determined that the beam direction is deviated, an instruction to recalculate and adjust the phase is sent to the phase control module; E42. If it is found that the interference suppression effect is not good, the interference suppression and signal processing module is notified to optimize its algorithm parameters. For the adaptive filtering algorithm, the parameters of the step size factor need to be adjusted.

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