Indication of non-zero coefficients in high-speed Rel-18 type II codebook

Abstract

Systems and methods for indicating non-zero coefficients (NZCs) in a codebook of a user equipment (UE) are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a UE includes generating channel state information (CSI), the channel state information (CSI) including: an NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, where the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: a number L of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) basis vectors selected in a spatial domain (SD); a number M of DFT basis vectors selected in the frequency domain (FD); and a DFT basis vector selected from # imgabs0 # in the Doppler domain (DD). The CSI further includes, for each reporting layer, a set of # imgabs1 # NZC bit maps indicating a location of the NZC, where the set of # imgabs2 # NZC bit maps includes an individual bit map for each selected DFT basis vector of the set of # imgabs3 # selected DFT basis vectors of the DDs. The method also includes reporting the CSI to a network node.

Description

Related Applications

[0001] This application claims the benefit of provisional patent application serial number 63 / 409,425, filed on September 23, 2022, the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates to channel state information (CSI) feedback in a cellular communication system. Background Art Codebook-based precoding

[0003] Multiple antenna technology can significantly increase the data rate and reliability of wireless communication systems. Performance is particularly improved if both the transmitter and the receiver are equipped with multiple antennas, resulting in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication channel. Such systems and / or related technologies are generally referred to as MIMO.

[0004] The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) standard is currently evolving with enhanced MIMO support. Core components in NR support MIMO antenna deployment and MIMO-related technologies such as spatial multiplexing. The spatial multiplexing mode targets high data rates under favorable channel conditions. Figure 1 An illustration of spatial multiplexing operation in NR is provided in FIG.

[0005] like Figure 1 As shown, the information carrying the symbol vector s is multiplied by N T xr precoder matrix W, which is used in N T (corresponding to N T The transmission energy is allocated in a subspace of a dimensional vector space (number of antenna ports). The precoder matrix is ​​usually selected from a codebook of possible precoder matrices and is usually indicated by means of a precoder matrix indicator (PMI), which specifies a unique precoder matrix in the codebook for a given number of symbol streams. The r symbols in s each correspond to a layer, and r is called the transmission rank. In this way, spatial multiplexing is achieved because multiple symbols can be sent simultaneously on the same time / frequency resource element (TFRE). The number of symbols r is usually suitable for the current channel properties.

[0006] NR uses orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in the downlink (and discrete Fourier transform (DFT) precoded OFDM for rank-1 transmission in the uplink), and therefore the received N of a certain TFRE on subcarrier n (or alternatively, data TFRE number n) is R x 1 vector y n This is modeled by: y n =H n Wn +e n where e n is the noise / interference vector obtained as a realization of a random process. The precoder W can be a wideband precoder that is constant in frequency or frequency selective.

[0007] The precoder matrix W is usually chosen to match N R xN T MIMO channel matrix H n The characteristics of the channel lead to the so-called channel-dependent precoding. This is also often referred to as closed-loop precoding and basically strives to concentrate the transmit energy into a subspace that is strong in the sense that most of the transmit energy is delivered to the user equipment (UE).

[0008] In closed-loop precoding for NR downlink, the UE sends a recommendation to the next generation Node B (gNB) of a suitable precoder to be used based on channel measurements in the downlink. The gNB configures the UE to provide feedback according to the CSI-ReportConfig and may send a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) and configure the UE to use measurements of the CSI-RS to feedback a recommended precoding matrix selected by the UE from the codebook. A single precoder (wideband precoding) assuming coverage of a large bandwidth may be fed back. It may also be beneficial to match the frequency variation of the channel and instead feed back a frequency selective precoding report (e.g., several precoders, one for each subband). This is an example of a more general case of channel state information (CSI) feedback, which also includes feeding back other information in addition to the recommended precoder to assist the gNB in ​​subsequent transmission to the UE. Such other information may include a channel quality indicator (CQI) as well as a transmit rank indicator (RI). In NR, CSI feedback can be either wideband, where one CSI is reported for the entire channel bandwidth, or frequency selective, where one CSI is reported for each subband, which is defined as the number of contiguous resource blocks ranging between 4-32 physical resource blocks (PRBs), depending on the bandwidth part (BWP) size.

[0009] Given the CSI feedback from the UE, the gNB determines the transmit parameters it wishes to use for transmission to the UE, including the precoding matrix, transmit rank, and modulation and coding scheme (MCS). These transmit parameters may be different from the recommendation made by the UE. The transmit rank, and therefore the number of spatial multiplexing layers, is reflected in the number of columns of the precoder W. For efficient performance, it is important to choose a transmit rank that matches the channel properties.

[0010] With multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO), two or more users in the same cell are co-scheduled on the same time-frequency resources. That is, two or more independent data streams are sent to different UEs at the same time, and the spatial domain can usually be used to separate the corresponding streams. By sending several streams at the same time, the capacity of the system can be increased. However, this comes at the expense of reducing the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) of each stream, because power must be shared between the streams and the streams will interfere with each other. Channel State Information Reference Signal (CSI-RS)

[0011] For CSI measurement and feedback, CSI-RS is defined. CSI-RS is transmitted on each antenna port and is used by the UE to measure the downlink channel between each transmit antenna port and each of its receive antenna ports. The transmit antenna port is also called a CSI-RS port. The number of antenna ports supported in NR is {1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16, 24, 32}. By measuring the received CSI-RS, the UE can estimate the channel that the CSI-RS is passing through, including the radio propagation channel and the antenna gain. The CSI-RS used for the above purpose is also called non-zero power (NZP) CSI-RS.

[0012] The CSI-RS may be configured to be transmitted in a time slot and certain resource elements (REs) in certain time slots. Figure 2 An example of CSI-RS REs for 12 antenna ports is shown, where 1 RE per resource block (RB) per port is shown.

[0013] In addition, interference measurement resources (IMR) are defined in NR for UE to measure interference. IMR resources contain 4 REs, or 4 adjacent REs in frequency in the same OFDM symbol, or 2 by 2 adjacent REs in both time and frequency in a slot. By measuring the NZP CSI-RS-based channel and IMR-based interference, the UE can estimate the effective channel and noise plus interference to determine CSI, i.e., rank, precoding matrix, and channel quality.

[0014] In addition, a UE in NR may be configured to measure interference based on one or more NZP CSI-RS resources. CSI framework in NR

[0015] In NR, a UE can be configured with multiple CSI reporting settings and multiple CSI-RS resource settings. Each resource setting can contain multiple resource sets, and each resource set can contain up to 8 CSI-RS resources. For each CSI reporting setting, the UE feeds back a CSI report.

[0016] Each CSI report setting contains at least the following information: ●CSI-RS resource set for channel measurement ●Optionally, a CSI-RS resource set for interference measurement ●Time domain behavior, i.e. periodic reporting, semi-persistent reporting, or aperiodic reporting ● Frequency granularity, i.e. broadband or sub-band • In case of multiple CSI-RS resources in a resource set, CSI parameters to be reported, such as RI, PMI, CQI and CSI-RS Resource Indicator (CRI). ● Codebook type, i.e. type I or II, and codebook subset restrictions ●Measurement limitations ● Subband size. Indicates one of two possible subband sizes, the value range depends on the bandwidth of the bandwidth part (BWP). One CQI / PMI is fed back per subband (if configured for subband reporting).

[0017] When a CSI-RS resource set in a CSI reporting setting contains multiple CSI-RS resources, one of the CSI-RS resources is selected by the UE, and a CSI-RS resource indicator (CRI) is also reported by the UE to indicate to the gNB the selected CSI-RS resource in the resource set and the RI, PMI, and CQI associated with the selected CSI-RS resource.

[0018] For aperiodic CSI reporting in NR, more than one CSI reporting setting can be configured and triggered simultaneously, each with a different CSI-RS resource set for channel measurement and / or resource set for interference measurement. In this case, multiple CSI reports are aggregated and sent from the UE to the gNB in ​​a single physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). Type I and Type II codebooks in NR

[0019] Type I codebook (CB) is usually used by UE to report CSI for single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) scheduling in NR, while Type II CB is usually used for more accurate CSI feedback for multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) scheduling.

[0020] For both Type I CB and Type II CB, for each rank, the precoding matrix W is defined in the following form: W=W 1 W 2 in is a 2Nx2L matrix and contains the L selected DFT beams {d i,i=1,…,L}, where d i is an Nx1 DFT vector, and N is the number of CSI-RS ports per polarization. 2 is a 2L×v matrix and contains the co-phase coefficients between the selected beams and between antenna ports with two different polarizations, where v is the number of layers or ranks. For the entire CSI bandwidth, W 1 are the same, while for the entire bandwidth or each subband, W 2 Can be the same.

[0021] In case of Type I CB, the precoding vector of each MIMO layer is associated with a single DFT beam, whereas for Type II CB, the precoding vector of each layer is a linear combination of multiple DFT beams. Enhanced Type II Codebook in NR

[0022] In NR Rel-16, the Type II codebook is enhanced by applying frequency domain (FD) compression across all subbands to reduce CSI feedback overhead and / or improve CSI accuracy. Instead of reporting W for each subband, 2 , but uses linear combinations of DFT basis vectors to jointly represent W across the entire CSI bandwidth 2 For each layer, the precoding matrix W across all subbands is of the following form: Where W f =[f 1 ,…,f M ] is a matrix containing M selected DFT basis vectors {f 1 ,…,f M}, and is a 2L×M matrix containing the coefficients for each selected DFT beam and each selected FD basis vector.

[0023] To save reporting overhead and because Some coefficients in are usually weak, so only K are reported for each layer i NZ,i ≤K 0 <2LM i The subset of non-zero coefficients (NZC). Assuming 2LM i -K NZ,i Unreported coefficients are zero. The maximum number of nonzero coefficients per layer is in Configured via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling. For RI = {2, 3, 4}, where RI is the rank indicator, the total maximum number of NZCs across all layers is ≤ 2K 0 In order to let the gNB know that it has selected Which coefficients in each layer are of size 2LM i The bitmap is used to indicate the NZC of this layer. Enhanced Type II codebook for high / medium UE rates

[0024] It has been observed in measurements in actual deployments that downlink MU-MIMO precoding performance degrades when one or more of the co-scheduled UEs starts moving faster than a few kilometers per hour (km / h) relative to the base station. One of the main reasons is that the information of the channel used to calculate the MIMO precoding at the base station becomes outdated quite quickly when this happens. As a result, the precoder loses its effectiveness in protecting the co-scheduled UEs from interference when transmitting to the intended UE. Therefore, there is a need to make downlink MU-MIMO precoding robust to higher UE speeds.

[0025] One solution to mitigate this problem and cope with such rapid channel changes is to configure faster CSI reporting (i.e., more frequent CSI reporting and measurements). The problem with this approach is that this results in large signaling and reporting overhead. Furthermore, even if the CSI-RS periodicity is increased, there are still CSI reporting and scheduling delays that may cause the reported CSI to become outdated. Therefore, with the current CSI framework in NR, it is difficult to obtain accurate CSI for medium and high-speed UEs with reasonable overhead.

[0026] It has been agreed in the work item on MIMO evolution for downlink and uplink in 3GPP Release 18 (see 3GPP RP-213598, New WID: MIMO evolution for downlink and uplink) to specify CSI reporting enhancement for high / medium UE speeds by utilizing time-domain correlation / Doppler domain information to assist downlink precoding. In particular, a Rel-16 / 17 Type II codebook refinement that does not modify the spatial and frequency domain basis should be studied.

[0027] The following agreement on a new Type II codebook structure for high / medium UE speeds was made in RAN1 #110 (see RAN1 Chair's Notes, 3GPP TSG RAN WG1 #110, Toulouse, France, August 22-26, 2022):

[0028] For Rel-18 Type-II codebook refinement for high / medium speed, select one of the following codebook structures: ●Alt2A: Doppler domain basis usually selected for all SD / FD bases, e.g. ○Note, W d It can be a special case status ●Alt2B: Doppler domain basis selected independently for different SD / FD basis ○Note, W d It can be a special case status ●Alt3. Use multiple And a single W 1 and W f The report reuses the Rel-16 / 17(F)e type-II codebook. Summary of the invention

[0029] A system and method for indicating non-zero coefficients (NZC) in a codebook of a high-speed user equipment (UE) is disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a UE includes: generating channel state information (CSI), the channel state information (CSI) including: NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: the number L of discrete Fourier transform (DFT) basis vectors selected in a spatial domain (SD); the number M of DFT basis vectors selected in a frequency domain (FD); and the number M of Doppler domain (DD). The CSI also includes: for each reporting layer, a set of NZC positions NZC bitmaps, one of which is The NZC bitmap includes a set of A separate bitmap for each selected DFT basis vector in the DD of the selected DFT basis vectors. The method also includes reporting CSI to the network node. In this way, indication of NZC is enabled with low overhead (e.g., for high / medium UE speeds) while still capturing significant channel information.

[0030] In one embodiment, a set Each of the NZC bitmaps has a size of 2LM bits.

[0031] In one embodiment, the maximum number of NZCs per layer is determined by The total number of NZCs of the selected DFT basis vectors is determined, configured or defined.

[0032] In one embodiment, the maximum number of NZCs per layer is determined, configured or defined according to the selected DFT basis vectors in the DD.

[0033] In one embodiment, the CSI also includes a single strongest coefficient indicator for each reporting layer, which indicates the position of the strongest coefficient for the reporting layer. In one embodiment, the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with any selected DFT basis vectors in SD, DFT basis vectors in FD, and DFT basis vectors in DD reported together with NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients. In another embodiment, the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with any selected DFT basis vectors in SD and DFT basis vectors in DD reported together with NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, and the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with the DC component of the DFT basis vectors in FD. In another embodiment, the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with any selected DFT basis vectors in SD and DFT basis vectors in FD reported together with NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, and the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with the DC component of the DFT basis vectors in DD. In another embodiment, a single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with any selected DFT basis vectors in the SD reported along with the NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, and a single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with the DC component of the DFT basis vectors in the FD and the DC component of the DFT basis vectors in the DD.

[0034] In one embodiment, the CSI also includes an indication of the selected DFT basis vectors in the DD.

[0035] In one embodiment, each linear combination coefficient in a set of linear combination coefficients is represented by a set of amplitude coefficient indicators and a set of phase coefficient indicators.

[0036] Corresponding embodiments of the UE are also disclosed. In one embodiment, the UE is adapted to generate CSI, the CSI comprising: NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: the number of DFT basis vectors L selected in SD; the number of DFT basis vectors M selected in FD; and the number of DFT basis vectors in DD. The CSI also includes a set of NZC positions for each reporting layer. NZC bitmaps, one of which is The NZC bitmap includes a set of The UE is further adapted to report the CSI to the network node.

[0037] In one embodiment, the UE includes a communication interface and a processing circuit associated with the communication interface. The processing circuit is configured to cause the UE to generate CSI, the CSI including: NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: the number of DFT basis vectors L selected in SD; the number of DFT basis vectors M selected in FD; and The CSI also includes a set of NZC positions for each reporting layer. NZC bitmaps, one of which is The NZC bitmap includes a set of The processing circuit is further configured to cause the UE to report the CSI to the network node.

[0038] In another embodiment, a method performed by a UE includes generating CSI including a plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices for a plurality of time instances, respectively. and at least one NZC bitmap indicating multiple NZC bitmaps for multiple time instances The at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: a common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances according to each reporting layer; or a common NZC bitmap for all multiple times of all reporting layers; or a first common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a first group of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a second group of reporting layers; or two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively. The method also includes reporting the CSI to the network node.

[0039] In one embodiment, generating at least one NZC bitmap includes generating at least one NZC bitmap based on a plurality of NZC bitmaps for a plurality of time instances. Only one of To generate at least one common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances.

[0040] In one embodiment, generating at least one NZC bitmap includes generating at least one NZC bitmap based only on a plurality of NZC bitmaps for a plurality of time instances. to generate at least one common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances using a subset of the NZC bitmap.

[0041] In one embodiment, the CSI also includes a single strongest coefficient indicator for each of the reporting layers, the single strongest coefficient indicator indicating the strongest coefficients for all of the multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for multiple time instances of the reporting layer. The location of the strongest coefficient.

[0042] In one embodiment, for each reporting layer, multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for multiple time instances Each linear combination coefficient matrix in The elements of are normalized with respect to the strongest coefficient of the reporting layer so that after normalization, the strongest coefficient has unit amplitude and zero phase and is therefore not reported. The CSI also includes a single strongest coefficient indicator for each reporting layer in the reporting layer, the single strongest coefficient indicator indicating the linear combination coefficient matrices for all multiple time instances of the reporting layer. The location of the strongest coefficient.

[0043] In one embodiment, each linear combination coefficient matrix of the plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices is represented by a set of amplitude coefficient indicators and a set of phase coefficient indicators.

[0044] A corresponding embodiment of a UE is also disclosed. In one embodiment, the UE is adapted to generate CSI, the CSI comprising a plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices respectively for a plurality of time instances and at least one NZC bitmap indicating multiple NZC bitmaps for multiple time instances The at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: a common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances according to each reporting layer; or a common NZC bitmap for all multiple times of all reporting layers; or a first common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a first group of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a second group of reporting layers; or two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively. The UE is also adapted to report the CSI to the network node.

[0045] In one embodiment, the UE includes a communication interface and a processing circuit associated with the communication interface. The processing circuit is configured to cause the UE to generate CSI, the CSI including a plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices respectively for a plurality of time instances. and at least one NZC bitmap indicating multiple NZC bitmaps for multiple time instances The at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: a common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances according to each reporting layer; or a common NZC bitmap for all multiple times of all reporting layers; or a first common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a first group of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a second group of reporting layers; or two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively. The processing circuit is also configured to cause the UE to report the CSI to the network node.

[0046] Embodiments of methods performed by a network node are also disclosed. In one embodiment, a method performed by a network node includes: receiving a CSI report including CSI. The CSI includes NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: the number of DFT basis vectors selected in SD, the number of DFT basis vectors selected in FD, and the number of DFT basis vectors selected in DD. The CSI also includes a set of NZC positions for each reporting layer. NZC bitmaps, one of which is The NZC bitmap includes a set of The method further comprises performing one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

[0047] Corresponding embodiments of a network node are also disclosed. In one embodiment, the network node is adapted to receive a CSI report including CSI. The CSI includes NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: the number of DFT basis vectors L selected in SD; the number of DFT basis vectors M selected in FD; and the number of DFT basis vectors M selected in DD. The CSI also includes a set of NZC positions for each reporting layer. NZC bitmaps, one of which is The NZC bitmap includes a set of The network node is further adapted to perform one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

[0048] In one embodiment, the network node includes a processing circuit configured to cause the network node to receive a CSI report including CSI. The CSI includes NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: the number of DFT basis vectors L selected in SD; the number of DFT basis vectors M selected in FD; and the number of DFT basis vectors M selected in DD. The CSI also includes a set of NZC positions for each reporting layer. NZC bitmaps, one of which is The NZC bitmap includes a set of The processing circuit is further configured to cause the network node to perform one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

[0049] In another embodiment, a method performed by a network node includes receiving a CSI report including CSI. The CSI includes a plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices respectively for a plurality of time instances: and at least one NZC bitmap indicating multiple NZC bitmaps for multiple time instances The at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: a common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances according to each reporting layer; or a common NZC bitmap for all multiple times of all reporting layers; or a first common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a first group of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a second group of reporting layers; or two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively. The method also includes performing one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

[0050] Corresponding embodiments of a network node are also disclosed. In one embodiment, the network node is adapted to receive a CSI report including CSI. The CSI includes a plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices for a plurality of time instances, respectively. and at least one NZC bitmap indicating multiple NZC bitmaps for multiple time instances The at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: a common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of each reporting layer; or a common NZC bitmap for all multiple times of all reporting layers; or a first common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a first group of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a second group of reporting layers; or two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively. The network node is also adapted to perform one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

[0051] In one embodiment, the network node comprises a processing circuit configured to cause the network node to receive a CSI report comprising CSI. The CSI comprises a plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices respectively for a plurality of time instances: and at least one NZC bitmap indicating multiple NZC bitmaps for multiple time instances The at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: a common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of each reporting layer; or a common NZC bitmap for all multiple times of all reporting layers; or a first common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a first group of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a second group of reporting layers; or two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively. The processing circuit is also configured to cause the network node to perform one or more operational tasks based on the CSI. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0052] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form a part of this specification, illustrate several aspects of the disclosure, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the disclosure.

[0053] Figure 1 An example of spatial multiplexing operation in New Radio (NR) is shown;

[0054] Figure 2 An example of channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) resource elements (REs) for 12 antenna ports is shown, where 1 RE per resource block (RB) per port is shown;

[0055] Figure 3 A schematic example with three dominant propagation paths transmitted over three different channel clusters between a next generation Node B (gNB) and a user equipment (UE) is shown;

[0056] Figure 4 The simulation results are shown in the form of a graph showing the four different layers of The relative powers of all coefficients in;

[0057] Figure 5A A method for reporting N according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. 4 Different Bitmap structure of non-zero coefficients (NZC) in a matrix;

[0058] Figure 5B An example of a potential bitmap for a case with three channel clusters according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown, wherein the bitmap on the spatial domain (SD) and frequency domain (FD) base index is shown for each Doppler domain (DD) / time domain (TD) base index;

[0059] Figure 6 The operation of a UE and a network for channel state information (CSI) feedback according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown;

[0060] Figure 7 An example embodiment is shown, in which (for example, in Figure 6 In step 606 of the embodiment, the Rel-18 type-IICSI is reported as shown in the equation shown in which i 1 and i 2 Defined i 1 and i 2 A single precoding matrix indicator (PMI) value corresponding to the codebook index of

[0061] Figure 8 FIG. 1 shows a compressed TD / DD based report according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure. When layer l,i 1,7,l Bitmap of

[0062] Fig. 9 1 shows an example embodiment of the present disclosure when a non-common bitmap is used to report multiple When layer l,i 1,7,l Bitmap of

[0063] Fig.10 It is shown that when for all N 4 time slots using a common non-zero coefficient bitmap to report multiple When layer l,i 1,7,l Bitmap of

[0064] Fig.11 An example of a communication system according to some embodiments is shown;

[0065] Fig.12 A UE according to some embodiments is shown;

[0066] Fig.13 shows a network node according to some embodiments;

[0067] Fig.14 is a block diagram of a host according to various aspects described herein, which host may be Fig.11 An embodiment of a host;

[0068] Fig.15 is a block diagram illustrating a virtualization environment in which functionality implemented by some embodiments may be virtualized; and

[0069] Fig.16 A communication diagram of a host communicating with a UE via a network node over a partially wireless connection according to some embodiments is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0070] The embodiment described below represents the information that enables those skilled in the art to practice the embodiment and illustrates the best mode of practicing the embodiment. When reading the following description according to the accompanying drawings, those skilled in the art will understand the concept of the present disclosure, and will recognize the application of these concepts that are not particularly addressed herein. It should be understood that these concepts and applications fall within the scope of the present disclosure.

[0071] There are some challenges. Currently, it is unclear how the linear combination coefficient matrix should be indicated for the Rel-18 Type II codebook for high / medium user equipment (UE) speeds. The non-zero coefficients in .

[0072] Certain aspects of the present disclosure and embodiments thereof may provide solutions to these or other challenges. Disclosed herein is a method for providing an efficient way to indicate a linear combination coefficient matrix of a type II codebook structure (e.g., Rel-18) for high / medium UE speeds. Systems and methods for non-zero coefficients in . The Rel-18 Type II codebook structure for high / medium UE speed is generally used as an example in this article.

[0073] If multiple Then use for all Common non-zero coefficient bitmap. In some embodiments, this applies to all reporting layers, while in some embodiments, this applies only to the strongest layer.

[0074] If the compressed When used in a Rel-18 Type II codebook structure for high / medium UE speeds, a separate bitmap is used for each Doppler domain (DD) and / or each time domain (TD) basis vector. Note that the terms Doppler domain and time domain are used interchangeably in this document.

[0075] Certain embodiments may provide one or more of the following technical advantages. Embodiments of the proposed solution may enable low overhead indication of non-zero coefficients of Rel-18 Type II codebook for high / medium UE speeds while still capturing important channel information. 1. Bitmap used to indicate non-zero coefficients

[0076] In the Rel-16 Type II codebook, The coefficients in represent the relative amplitude and phase of the channel cluster in the angular delay domain. Figure 3 A schematic example with three dominant propagation paths between a next generation Node B (gNB) and clustered UEs transmitted over three different channel clusters is shown. Since different clusters have different angles of departure (AOD) and different paths have different propagation delays, Three clusters can therefore be distinguished in the joint angular delay domain. The coefficients in give information about how to combine these clusters in the best way for each transmission layer. Figure 3 In the example, the UE moves in the direction indicated by the arrow. Then, different paths will also have different Doppler shifts, because the relative angle between the velocity vector and the arrival path of the cluster is different for different clusters. Using the Rel-18 Type II codebook, it is also possible to introduce 1 and W f Time domain (TD) or Doppler domain (DD) based on d To distinguish different Doppler components. The linear combination coefficients of the Rel-18 Type II codebook are expressed as

[0077] In the Rel-18 Evolved Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) work item (WI) on Channel State Information (CSI) enhancement for high / medium mobility, different options are considered for reporting These options can be divided into two categories: ●Report multiple And a single W 1 and W f Then, multiple Rel-16 corresponding to different time slots matrix. ● Report as multiple Rel-16 for different time slots The compressed representation of The purpose of compression is to reduce the reporting overhead. This is possible because different clusters have different Doppler components, such as Figure 3 As shown. Compression is done by the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix W d To achieve this, the matrix W d compresses the channel in the Doppler domain. In this case, The coefficients in represent the relative amplitude and phase of the channel cluster in the angular delay-Doppler domain.

[0078] Some coefficients are weak and therefore need not be reported. Reporting all coefficients would result in excessive reporting overhead. Therefore, a Type IICSI report should only contain K for each layer. 0 Strongest coefficient. In order for the gNB to know which non-zero coefficients (NZC) have been reported, a bitmap indicating the NZC is included in the CSI report.

[0079] In the following, different embodiments are disclosed on how to design such a bitmap for Rel-18 Type II codebook for high / medium UE speed. or compressed Different solutions were proposed. 1.1 Report multiple

[0080] in this case, The coefficients in represent the relative amplitude and phase of the channel clusters in the angular delay domain for different time instances (e.g., time slots). The bitmap of NZC in the ts identifies the strongest cluster. The strongest cluster will therefore be expected to remain constant during this time period, although small-scale fading within the cluster will result in some amplitude variation.

[0081] Through Figure 4 The simulation shown has verified this conjecture. The figure shows the The relative power of all coefficients in. Brightness is proportional to power. Figure 4 In the example, the 2L×M matrix for the four layers has been vectorized into 4·2LM×1 vectors for each time slot, so each row shows the The time evolution of each coefficient in . The strongest layer is in the top row, while the weakest layer is in the bottom row. It can be seen that for the strong layer, the strongest coefficient remains the same over the 20 time slots. For the weak layer, the strongest coefficient is also fairly stable, but there is some variation.

[0082] Figure 5A The N 4 Different The bitmap structure of NZC in the matrix. Usually, the N 4 Different NZC in the matrix will need to have 2LMN 4 However, since it can be assumed that the bitmap is similar for all time slots, in one embodiment, for reporting multiple In this way, the common bitmap is used for all time slots. Compared with a separate bitmap, the number of bits in the bitmap can be increased from 2LMN 4 to 2LM. Although the proposed bitmap has size, but the network node (e.g., gNB) can Use the reported bitmap. In the following example, N 4 Indicates that it corresponds to N 4 The difference reported in the time slot But all N4 indivual In some embodiments, N 4 In some other embodiments, N 4 The time slots are consecutive time slots.

[0083] In one embodiment, a common non-zero coefficient bitmap is used to generate the coefficients for all N 4 That is, the first common non-zero coefficient bitmap is used for all N time slots of the first layer. 4 time slots; the second common non-zero coefficient bitmap is used for all N 4 Time slots, etc.

[0084] In an alternative embodiment, a common non-zero coefficient bitmap is used for all N reporting layers. 4 time slots.

[0085] In another embodiment, the reported layers are divided into two groups. For each layer in the first group, a common non-zero coefficient bitmap is used for all N 4 For each layer in the second group, a separate non-zero coefficient bitmap is used for all N 4 For example, in the case of four reporting layers, the first group may include the two strongest layers and the second group may include the two weakest layers. In this case, each of the two strongest layers uses 4 The non-zero coefficient bitmap common to all N time slots, while each of the two weakest layers uses 4 The UE uses a common bitmap for all time slots and separates the non-zero coefficients for each time slot. In another example, the UE determines which layers can have a common bitmap for all time slots and which layers should have separate bitmaps for different time slots based on, for example, how stable the strongest coefficients of the different layers are over time. In another embodiment, the layers associated with the first group and the layers associated with the second group are also reported as part of the CSI feedback. In another embodiment, the layers are sorted according to their strength (given by, for example, corresponding singular values). In this case, the number of layers that use a common bitmap for all time slots can be signaled by the UE to the gNB, configured by the gNB and signaled to the UE, or defined in the specification.

[0086] In an alternative embodiment, the first common non-zero coefficient bitmap is used for all time slots of the first set of reporting layers, and for the second set of reporting layers, the second common non-zero coefficient bitmap is used for all N time slots. 4time slots. For example, in the case of four reporting layers, the two strongest layers use the first common non-zero coefficient bitmap, while the two weakest layers use the second common non-zero coefficient bitmap. In a further embodiment, the layers associated with the first common non-zero coefficient bitmap and the layers associated with the second common non-zero coefficient bitmap are also reported as part of the CSI feedback.

[0087] In the above embodiment, a common non-zero coefficient bitmap is used for all N 4 In an alternative embodiment, the first common non-zero coefficient bitmap may be used for N 4 A first subset of slots in the N time slots, and a second common non-zero coefficient bitmap may be used for N 4 In a further embodiment, time slots associated with a different subset of time slots are also reported as part of the CSI feedback.

[0088] In one embodiment, the UE is based on only one (For example, with N 4 The first time slot in the time slot corresponds to ) to determine the common non-zero coefficient bitmap.

[0089] In another embodiment, the UE 4 Multiple time slots in a time slot (For example, based on all N 4 time slots or N 4 The common non-zero coefficient bitmap is determined by summing the power over a subset of time slots. 1.2 Report compressed

[0090] In this embodiment, the compressed linear combination coefficient matrix The coefficients in are reported. As mentioned above, the compressed linear combination coefficient matrix Can be defined as The linear combination coefficients It is in the frequency domain through a set of M FD basis vectors W f Compressed and in DD (or TD) through a set of DD basis vectors W d The coefficients obtained after compression.

[0091] in this case, The coefficients in represent the relative amplitude and phase of the channel cluster in the angular delay-Doppler domain. Figure 3 As shown, different channel clusters may have different Doppler components. Therefore, it cannot be assumed that the strongest coefficients are the same for different DD / TD basis vectors. Figure 5BAn example of a potential bitmap for the case with three channel clusters is shown in , where the bitmap on the SD base index and the FD base index is shown for each DD / TD base index.

[0092] Therefore, for the compressed In the case of , it cannot be assumed that a common bitmap can be used for all DD / TD basis vectors. Therefore, in one embodiment, this paper proposes to use a separate bitmap for each DD / TD basis vector. We use the number Represents the matrix W d Then, for each reporting layer, use different non-zero coefficient bitmaps, where Each of the non-zero coefficient bitmaps corresponds to a selected DD / TD basis vector. Each such bitmap may have a size of 2LM bits. Thus, in this embodiment, when the UE reports the bitmap, each bitmap may correspond to a reporting layer and a selected DD / TD basis vector (e.g., the UE may report the bitmap via index i 1,7,l,d Report non-zero coefficients bitmap, where l represents the reporting layer index and d represents the selected DD / TD basis vector index, see Section 3).

[0093] In one embodiment, the maximum number of NZCs per layer is determined, configured or defined according to the selected DD / TD.

[0094] In another embodiment, the maximum number of NZCs per layer is determined, configured or defined by the total number of NZCs for all selected DD / TD basis vectors.

[0095] In an alternative embodiment, DD / TD basis vectors may be selected for different combinations of SD basis vectors and / or FD basis vectors. Thus, in this alternative embodiment, a first non-zero coefficient bitmap may be used for a first combination of SD basis vectors and / or FD basis vectors, and a second non-zero coefficient bitmap may be used for a second combination of SD basis vectors and / or FD basis vectors. Assume that DD / TD basis vectors are selected for each combination of SD basis vectors and / or FD basis vectors. DD / TD basis vectors, we can use A non-zero coefficient bitmap of , where L′ and M′ are the number of SD basis vectors and the number of FD basis vectors in the combination of SD basis vectors and / or FD basis vectors, respectively. 1.3 Process according to the embodiment of Section 1.1 and Section 1.2

[0096] Figure 6Operation of a UE 600 and a network node 602 (e.g., a base station, such as, for example, a gNB that performs a portion of the functionality of a base station or a network node, such as, for example, a gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU) or a gNB central unit (gNB-CU) in a split architecture) according to an example embodiment of the present disclosure is shown. As shown, the UE 600 generates channel state information (CSI) (step 604). The CSI includes information for multiple NZC or compressed and the NZC bitmap according to any of the embodiments described above in Section 1.1 or Section 1.2.

[0097] For example, as described above in Section 1.1, in one embodiment, the CSI includes a plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices for a plurality of time instances (eg, time slots), respectively. In one embodiment, each The CSI also includes at least one NZC bitmap, which indicates the relative amplitude and phase of the channel clusters in the angular delay domain for the corresponding time instance. In one embodiment, each of the plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices is represented by a set of amplitude coefficient indicators and a set of phase coefficient indicators. According to the embodiments described in Section 1.1 above, at least one NZC bitmap includes any one of the following, depending on the embodiment: ● According to a common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances per reporting layer; or ● a common NZC bitmap for all multiple times for all reporting layers; or • a first common NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a first set of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all multiple time instances of a second set of reporting layers; or • Two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively.

[0098] Further details of the at least one NZC bitmap are provided above and will not be repeated here.

[0099] As another example as described above in Section 1.2, in another embodiment, the CSI includes a linear combination coefficient matrix for the compressed The NZC of the DFT matrix W is a compressed representation of a plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices for a plurality of time instances. In one embodiment, each linear combination coefficient matrix in the plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices is represented by a set of amplitude coefficient indicators and a set of phase coefficient indicators. As described above, the compression is performed via the DFT matrix W d, which compresses the channel in the Doppler domain. In one embodiment, the compression is performed via the DFT matrix W d , which compresses the channel in the Doppler domain so that The coefficients in represent the relative amplitude and phase of the channel cluster in the angular delay-Doppler domain. As further described above, the compressed linear combination coefficient matrix Including a set of DD / TD basis vectors. For each reporting layer, a set The NZC bitmap indicates the compressed linear combination coefficient matrix The positions of the NZCs in the corresponding DD / TD basis vectors of . Various embodiments regarding the maximum number of NZCs per layer are described above.

[0100] As described below, optionally, in one embodiment, the CSI also includes one or more strongest coefficient indicators (SCIs). In another optional alternative embodiment, the SCI may be provided separately from the CSI.

[0101] UE 600 reports CSI to network node 602 (step 606). As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, network node 602 uses CSI for one or more operational tasks (step 608). These operational tasks are not the focus of the present disclosure, and therefore, details are not provided here. However, it should be noted that CSI provided according to embodiments of the present disclosure enables indicating NZC of, for example, Rel-18 type II codebook for high / medium UE speeds with low overhead, while still capturing significant channel information. 2. Strongest coefficient indicator

[0102] For each layer, the previous More specifically, if reported, is first quantized with respect to the strongest coefficient of the layer. Each element in is normalized. Then, the magnitude and phase of all normalized coefficients except the strongest coefficient are quantized and reported. Since the strongest coefficient always has unit magnitude and zero phase, it does not need to be reported. Instead, the strongest coefficient indicator SCI is reported to identify the location of the strongest coefficient. The method for SCI reporting is still an open problem for Rel-18 type IICSI enhancement, so we base it on how to report Proposed our solution.

[0103] When multiple reports are made for each layer As explained in Section 1.1, SCI can be reported in two ways.

[0104] In one embodiment, a single reference is reported for a given layer. The SCI is used to identify all the layers at different time instances. All the strongest coefficients of . is the coefficient matrix at a given time instance (e.g., the first time instance). This method can save the overhead of reporting SCI, especially when the Doppler spread of each path (or in other words, for each angle delay pair) is relatively small. Then, at different time instances, The coefficient change is mainly phase shift, while the amplitude is quite stable, so The strong coefficient is also at another time instance The above parameters can be obtained by Figure 4 Support, where the strongest coefficients, especially for the two most significant layers ( Figure 4 ), located in the same row, where each row is associated with a path (or angular delay pair).

[0105] When the Doppler spread within each angular delay pair is relatively large, each path (or angular delay pair) may contain multiple dominant Doppler components. The phase of the elements in will change at different time instances, and the amplitude will also change. Therefore, the strongest coefficient can appear at different time instances. Therefore, it is necessary to report at each time instance In this embodiment, for each time instance of a given layer, A separate SCI is reported to identify the strongest coefficient for that layer.

[0106] When the compressed When , as explained in Section 1.2, a single SCI is reported for each layer to identify the strongest coefficient of that layer.

[0107] In one embodiment, the SCI can be combined with Any selected SD, FD, and TD (or DD) groups reported together are associated.

[0108] In another embodiment, the SCI can be associated with any SD basis, TD (or DD) basis, but it must be associated with the DC component of the FD basis.

[0109] In another embodiment, the SCI can be associated with any SD basis, FD basis, but it must be associated with the DC component of the TD (or DD) basis.

[0110] In another embodiment, the SCI can be associated with any SD basis, but it must be associated with the DC component of the FD basis and the DC component of the TD (or FD basis). 3. Report

[0111] In an alternative approach, Rel-18 type-IICSI is reported (e.g., in Figure 6 In step 606) 1 and i 2 The single PMI value corresponding to the codebook index of 1 and i 2 is defined as shown in the following equation, which is also Figure 7 Shown in.

[0112] i 1 The components represent the selected beam, FD basis, DD basis, the index of the strongest coefficient, and the The bitmap of which coefficients. ●i 1,1 ,i 1,2 Indicates the selected L spatial beams. ●i 1,5 Indicates the number of PMIs to be reported in N 3 >19, the set of FD bases from which the reported basis is selected. ●i 1,6,l is a combined index indicating the selected FD basis of layer l. ●i 1,7,l Indicates a non-zero bit flag Which coefficients of 2,4,l and i 2,5,l The bitmap reported in . ●i 1,8,l Represents the The index of the strongest non-zero coefficient reported in is υ=1 and the index of the strongest spatial beam is υ≥2.

[0113] In an embodiment, i 1,9,l indicates the selected Doppler domain basis for layer l and i 1,9,l is the length A combination index indicator of bits, where is the length of the Doppler domain basis vector and is the number of Doppler domain basis vectors to be selected.

[0114] In another embodiment, when the zero-Doppler basis is always selected, i 1,9,l Indicates the selected Doppler domain basis for layer l. 1,9,l is the length A combination index indicator of bits, where is the length of the Doppler domain basis vector and is the number of Doppler domain basis vectors to be selected.

[0115] In another embodiment, i 1,9,l Instructions N 4 , which is in i 1,7,l The number of times the common bitmap indicated in is copied.

[0116] In another embodiment, i 1,9,l Instructions N 4 , when reporting multiple When there is no public bitmap, it can be used to calculate the bitmap i 1,7,l A scalar of the size of .

[0117] In an embodiment, when the compressed When Bitmap i 1,7,l is given by: in and are the numbers of selected FD and DD bases, respectively; and the index p represents the selected FD and DD basis pair. When, for layer l,i 1,7,l The bitmap is in Figure 8 Shown in.

[0118] In an embodiment, when a non-common bitmap is used to report multiple When Bitmap i 1,7,l Given by: in is the number of FD bases chosen and N 4 is reported The number of FD bases and time slot pairs is represented by the index p. When, for layer l,i 1,7,l The bitmap is in Fig. 9 Shown in.

[0119] In an embodiment, when the N 4 time slots using a common non-zero coefficient bitmap to report multiple , the size of the reported bitmap can be reduced and is given by in For all N 4 The number of frequency domain bases selected by the time slots is , and the index p represents the selected FD basis. 4 time slots using a common non-zero coefficient bitmap to report multiple When, for layer l,i 1,7,l The bitmap is in Fig.10 Shown in.

[0120] In an embodiment, the bitmap size for N is interpreted 4 Use of a common bitmap for each time slot.

[0121] In another embodiment, the N 4 Use of a common bitmap for each time slot. 4. Further description

[0122] Fig.11 An example of a communication system 1100 is shown in accordance with some embodiments.

[0123] In this example, the communication system 1100 includes a telecommunications network 1102, which includes: an access network 1104, such as a radio access network (RAN); and a core network 1106, which includes one or more core network nodes 1108. The access network 1104 includes one or more access network nodes, such as network node 1110A and network node 1110B (one or more of which may be generally referred to as network node 1110), or any other similar third generation partnership project (3GPP) access node or non-3GPP access point (AP). The network node 1110 facilitates direct or indirect connection of user equipment (UE), such as connecting UE 1112A, UE 1112B, UE 1112C, and UE 1112D (one or more of which may be generally referred to as UE 1112) to the core network 1106 through one or more wireless connections.

[0124] Example wireless communications over wireless connections include sending and / or receiving wireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves, and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information without the use of wires, cables, or other material conductors. In addition, in different embodiments, the communication system 1100 may include any number of wired or wireless networks, network nodes, UEs, and / or any other components or systems that may facilitate or participate in the communication of data and / or signals via a wired or wireless connection. The communication system 1100 may include and / or interface with any type of communication, telecommunication, data, cellular, radio network, and / or other similar type of system.

[0125] UE 1112 may be any of a variety of communication devices, including wireless devices that are arranged, configured and / or operable to wirelessly communicate with network node 1110 and other communication devices. Similarly, network node 1110 is arranged, capable, configured and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with UE 1112 and / or with other network nodes or devices in telecommunication network 1102 to enable and / or provide network access, such as wireless network access, and / or perform other functions, such as management in telecommunication network 1102.

[0126] In the depicted example, the core network 1106 connects the network node 1110 to one or more hosts, such as the host 1116. These connections may be direct or indirect via one or more intermediate networks or devices. In other examples, the network node may be directly coupled to the host. The core network 1106 includes one or more core network nodes (e.g., core network node 1108) constructed with hardware components and software components. The features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to the UE, network nodes, and / or hosts, so that their descriptions are generally applicable to the corresponding components of the core network node 1108. The example core network node includes the functions of one or more of a mobile switching center (MSC), a mobility management entity (MME), a home subscriber server (HSS), an access and mobility management function (AMF), a session management function (SMF), an authentication server function (AUSF), a subscription identifier de-contention function (SIDF), a unified data management (UDM), a security edge protection proxy (SEPP), a network open function (NEF), and / or a user plane function (UPF).

[0127] The host 1116 may be under the ownership or control of a service provider other than the operator or provider of the access network 1104 and / or the telecommunications network 1102, and may be operated by or on behalf of the service provider. The host 1116 may host various applications to provide one or more services. Examples of such applications include live and pre-recorded audio / video content, data collection services (such as retrieving and compiling data about various environmental conditions detected by multiple UEs), analysis functions, social media, functions for controlling or otherwise interacting with remote devices, functions for alarm and monitoring centers, or any other such functions performed by a server.

[0128] As a whole, Fig.11The communication system 1100 implements the connection between the UE, the network node and the host. In this sense, the communication system 1100 can be configured to operate according to predefined rules or procedures (such as specific standards), including but not limited to: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM); Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Long Term Evolution (LTE) and / or other suitable second, third, fourth or fifth generation (2G, 3G, 4G or 5G) standards, or any applicable next generation standards (e.g., sixth generation (6G)); Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) standards, such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard (WiFi); and / or any other suitable wireless communication standards, such as Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth, Z-wave, Near Field Communication (NFC) ZigBee, LiFi and / or any Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN) standards, such as LoRa and Sigfox.

[0129] In some examples, telecommunication network 1102 is a cellular network implementing 3GPP standardized features. Thus, telecommunication network 1102 may support network slicing to provide different logical networks to different devices connected to telecommunication network 1102. For example, telecommunication network 1102 may provide ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) services to some UEs, while providing enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) services to other UEs, and / or providing massive machine type communication (mMTC) / massive Internet of Things (IoT) services to additional UEs.

[0130] In some examples, UE 1112 is configured to send and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For example, the UE may be designed to send information to the access network 1104 on a predetermined schedule when triggered by an internal or external event or in response to a request from the access network 1104. In addition, the UE may be configured to operate in a single or multiple radio access technology (RAT) or multi-standard mode. For example, the UE may operate with any one or combination of WiFi, new radio (NR), and LTE, i.e., be configured for multi-radio dual connectivity (MR-DC), such as Evolved UMTS Terrestrial RAN (E-UTRAN) NR-Dual Connectivity (EN-DC).

[0131] In this example, the hub 1114 communicates with the access network 1104 to facilitate indirect communication between one or more UEs (e.g., UE 1112C and / or UE 1112D) and a network node (e.g., network node 1110B). In some examples, the hub 1114 may be a controller, a router, a content source and analysis, or any other communication device described herein with respect to the UE. For example, the hub 1114 may be a broadband router that allows the UE to access the core network 1106. As another example, the hub 1114 may be a controller that sends commands or instructions to one or more actuators in the UE. Commands or instructions may be received from the UE, the network node 1110, or through executable code, scripts, processes, or other instructions in the hub 1114. As another example, the hub 1114 may be a data collector that acts as a temporary storage of UE data, and in some embodiments, analysis or other processing of the data may be performed. As another example, the hub 1114 may be a content source. For example, for a UE that is a virtual reality (VR) headset, display, speaker, or other media delivery device, the hub 1114 can retrieve VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data related to sensory information via a network node, and then the hub 1114 provides the VR assets, video, audio, or other media or data directly to the UE after performing local processing and / or after adding additional local content. In another example, the hub 1114 acts as a proxy server or coordinator for the UE, especially when one or more UEs are low-energy IoT devices.

[0132] Hub 1114 can have constant / persistent or intermittent connection to network node 1110B. Hub 1114 can also allow different communication schemes and / or scheduling between hub 1114 and UE (e.g., UE 1112C and / or UE 1112D) and between hub 1114 and core network 1106. In other examples, hub 1114 is connected to core network 1106 and / or one or more UEs via wired connection. In addition, hub 1114 can be configured to be connected to machine-to-machine (M2M) service provider and / or connected to another UE via direct connection through access network 1104. In some scenarios, UE can establish wireless connection with network node 1110 while still being connected via hub 1114 via wired connection or wireless connection. In some embodiments, hub 1114 can be a dedicated hub, that is, its main function is to route communication to / from UE from / to network node 1110B. In other embodiments, the hub 1114 may be a non-dedicated hub, ie, a device operable to route communications between the UE and the network node 1110B, but which is also operable as a communications origin and / or destination for certain data channels.

[0133] Fig.12 UE 1200 according to some embodiments is shown. As used herein, UE refers to a device capable of, configured, arranged and / or operable to wirelessly communicate with a network node and / or other UEs. Examples of UEs include, but are not limited to, smart phones, mobile phones, cellular phones, voice over Internet protocol (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless cameras, game consoles or devices, music storage devices, rechargeable devices, wearable terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, tablet computers, laptop computers, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop mounted devices (LMEs), smart devices, wireless customer terminal equipment (CPEs), vehicle-mounted or vehicle embedded / integrated wireless devices, etc. Other examples include any UE identified by 3GPP, including narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) UEs, machine type communications (MTC) UEs, and / or enhanced MTC (eMTC) UEs.

[0134] The UE may support device-to-device (D2D) communications, such as by implementing 3GPP standards for sidelink communications, dedicated short-range communications (DSRC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), or vehicle-to-everything (V2X). In other examples, a UE may not necessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and / or operates the associated device. Instead, a UE may represent a device that is intended to be sold to or operated by a human user but may not be associated with a specific human user (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller) or may not initially be associated with a specific human user. Alternatively, a UE may represent a device that is not intended to be sold to or operated by an end user but may be associated with or operated for the benefit of a user (e.g., a smart meter).

[0135] UE 1200 includes a processing circuit 1202, which is operatively coupled to an input / output interface 1206, a power supply 1208, a memory 1210, a communication interface 1212, and / or any other components or any combination thereof via a bus 1204. Some UEs may utilize Fig.12 All or a subset of the components shown in . The level of integration between components may vary from one UE to another UE. In addition, some UEs may contain multiple instances of a component, such as multiple processors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

[0136] The processing circuit 1202 is configured to process instructions and data, and may be configured to implement any sequential state machine operable to execute instructions stored in the memory 1210 as a machine-readable computer program. The processing circuit 1202 may be implemented as one or more hardware-implemented state machines (e.g., in discrete logic, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), etc.); programmable logic together with appropriate firmware; one or more stored computer programs, general-purpose processors (such as microprocessors or digital signal processors (DSPs)) together with appropriate software; or any combination of the above. For example, the processing circuit 1202 may include multiple central processing units (CPUs).

[0137] In this example, the input / output interface 1206 can be configured to provide one or more interfaces to an input device, an output device, or one or more input and / or output devices. Examples of output devices include speakers, sound cards, video cards, displays, monitors, printers, actuators, transmitters, smart cards, another output device, or any combination thereof. An input device can allow a user to capture information into the UE 1200. Examples of input devices include touch-sensitive or presence-sensitive displays, cameras (e.g., digital cameras, digital video cameras, web cameras, etc.), microphones, sensors, mice, trackballs, direction pads, trackpads, rollers, smart cards, etc. The presence-sensitive display can include a capacitive or resistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. The sensor can be, for example, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor, a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, a biometric sensor, etc., or any combination thereof. An output device can use an interface port of the same type as an input device. For example, a universal serial bus (USB) port can be used to provide input devices and output devices.

[0138] In some embodiments, the power supply 1208 is configured as a battery or a battery pack. Other types of power supplies may be used, such as an external power supply (e.g., a power outlet), a photovoltaic device, or a battery. The power supply 1208 may also include a power circuit for delivering power from the power supply 1208 itself and / or an external power supply to various parts of the UE 1200 via an input circuit or an interface such as a power cable. The delivered power may be, for example, for charging the power supply 1208. The power circuit may perform any formatting, conversion, or other modification on the power from the power supply 1208 so that the power is suitable for the corresponding components of the UE 1200 to which the power is supplied.

[0139] The memory 1210 may be or be configured to include a memory such as a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrical EPROM (EEPROM), a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a hard disk, a removable cartridge, a flash drive, etc. In one example, the memory 1210 includes one or more application programs 1214 (such as an operating system, a web browser application, a widget, a gadget engine, or other application) and corresponding data 1216. The memory 1210 may store any of a variety of operating systems or a combination of operating systems used by the UE 1200.

[0140] The memory 1210 may be configured to include multiple physical drive units, such as a redundant array of independent disks (RAID), a flash memory, a USB flash drive, an external hard drive, a thumb drive, a pen drive, a key drive, a high-density digital versatile disk (HD-DVD) optical drive, an internal hard drive, a Blu-ray optical drive, a holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical drive, an external mini dual in-line memory module (DIMM), a synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), an external micro DIMM SDRAM, a smart card memory (such as a tamper-proof module in the form of a universal integrated circuit card (UICC), including one or more user identity modules (SIMs), such as a universal SIM (USIM) and / or an Internet Protocol Multimedia Service Identity Module (ISIM)), other memories, or any combination thereof. The UICC may be, for example, an embedded UICC (eUICC), an integrated UICC (iUICC), or a removable UICC commonly referred to as a "SIM card". The memory 1210 may allow the UE 1200 to access instructions, applications, etc. stored on a transient memory medium or a non-transitory memory medium, to unload data, or to upload data. An article of manufacture such as utilizing a communication system may be tangibly embodied as or in memory 1210 , which may be or include a device-readable storage medium.

[0141] The processing circuit 1202 may be configured to communicate with an access network or other network using a communication interface 1212. The communication interface 1212 may include one or more communication subsystems and may include or be communicatively coupled to an antenna 1222. The communication interface 1212 may include one or more transceivers for communication, such as by communicating with one or more remote transceivers of another device capable of wireless communication (e.g., another UE or a network node in an access network). Each transceiver may include a transmitter 1218 and / or a receiver 1220 suitable for providing network communications (e.g., optical, electrical, frequency allocation, etc.). In addition, the transmitter 1218 and the receiver 1220 may be coupled to one or more antennas (e.g., antenna 1222) and may share circuit components, software, or firmware, or may be implemented separately instead.

[0142] In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functionality of the communication interface 1212 may include cellular communication, WiFi communication, LPWAN communication, data communication, voice communication, multimedia communication, short-range communication such as Bluetooth, NFC, location-based communication such as using a global positioning system (GPS) to determine location, another similar communication functionality, or any combination thereof. Communication may be implemented according to one or more communication protocols and / or standards, such as IEEE 802.11, code division multiple access (CDMA), wideband CDMA (WCDMA), GSM, LTE, NR, UMTS, WiMax, Ethernet, transmission control protocol / Internet protocol (TCP / IP), synchronous optical networking (SONET), asynchronous transfer mode (ATM), fast user datagram protocol Internet connection (QUIC), hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP), etc.

[0143] Regardless of the type of sensor, the UE may provide an output of the data captured by its sensor through its communication interface 1212 or via a wireless connection to a network node. The data captured by the UE's sensor may be communicated to the network node via another UE via a wireless connection. The output may be periodic (e.g., once every 15 minutes if it reports the sensed temperature), random (e.g., to even out the load from reports from several sensors), in response to a trigger event (e.g., when moisture is detected, an alarm is sent), in response to a request (e.g., a user-initiated request), or a continuous stream (e.g., a live video feed of a patient).

[0144] As another example, the UE includes an actuator, motor, or switch associated with a communication interface configured to receive wireless input from a network node via a wireless connection. In response to the received wireless input, the state of the actuator, motor, or switch can change. For example, the UE can include a motor that adjusts a control surface or rotor of a drone in flight based on the received input, or adjusts a robotic arm performing a medical procedure based on the received input.

[0145] When in the form of an IoT device, a UE may be a device for use in one or more application domains including, but not limited to, urban wearable technology, extended industrial applications, and healthcare. Non-limiting examples of such IoT devices are devices such as or embedded in: a connected refrigerator or freezer, a television, connected lighting, an electric meter, a robotic vacuum cleaner, a voice-controlled smart speaker, a home security camera, a motion detector, a thermostat, a smoke detector, a door / window sensor, a flood / moisture sensor, an electrical door lock, a connected doorbell, an air conditioning system (such as a heat pump), an autonomous vehicle, a surveillance system, a weather monitoring device, a vehicle parking monitoring device, an electric vehicle charging station, a smart watch, a fitness tracker, a head-mounted display for augmented reality (AR) or VR, a wearable device for tactile or sensory enhancement, a sprinkler, an animal or item tracking device, a sensor for monitoring plants or animals, an industrial robot, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), and any kind of medical device (such as a heart rate monitor or a remotely controlled surgical robot). In addition to the description of Fig.12 In addition to the other components depicted in the illustrated UE 1200 , a UE in the form of an IoT device may include circuitry and / or software depending on the intended application of the IoT device.

[0146] As yet another specific example, in an IoT scenario, a UE may represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurements and sends the results of such monitoring and / or measurements to another UE and / or a network node. In this case, the UE may be an M2M device, which may be referred to as an MTC device in the 3GPP context. As a specific example, a UE may implement the 3GPP NB-IoT standard. In other scenarios, a UE may represent a vehicle, such as a car, bus, truck, ship, airplane, or other device capable of monitoring and / or reporting its operating status or other functions associated with its operation.

[0147] In fact, any number of UEs may be used together with respect to a single use case. For example, a first UE may be a drone or integrated in a drone and provide speed information of the drone (obtained by a speed sensor) to a second UE that is a remote controller operating the drone. When a user makes a change from the remote controller, the first UE may adjust the throttle on the drone (e.g., by controlling an actuator) to increase or decrease the speed of the drone. The first UE and / or the second UE may also include more than one of the above functions. For example, a UE may include a sensor and an actuator and handle data communications for both the speed sensor and the actuator.

[0148] Fig.13A network node 1300 according to some embodiments is shown. As used herein, a network node refers to a device capable, configured, arranged and / or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with a UE and / or other network nodes or devices in a telecommunications network. Examples of network nodes include, but are not limited to, APs (e.g., radio APs), base stations (BSs) (e.g., radio BSs, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs (eNBs), and NR Node Bs (gNBs)).

[0149] BSs may be classified based on the amount of coverage they provide (or in other words, their transmit power level), and thus, depending on the amount of coverage provided, a BS may be referred to as a femto BS, a pico BS, a micro BS, or a macro BS. A BS may be a relay node or a relay donor node that controls a relay. A network node may also include one or more (or all) parts of a distributed radio BS, such as a centralized digital unit and / or a remote radio unit (RRU), sometimes referred to as a remote radio head (RRH). Such an RRU may or may not be integrated with an antenna as an antenna-integrated radio. Parts of a distributed radio BS may also be referred to as nodes in a distributed antenna system (DAS).

[0150] Other examples of network nodes include multiple transmission point (multi-TRP) 5G access nodes, multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as an MSR BS, a network controller such as a radio network controller (RNC) or a BS controller (BSC), a base transceiver station (BTS), a transmission point, a transmission node, a multi-cell / multicast coordination entity (MCE), an operation and maintenance (O&M) node, an operation support system (OSS) node, a self-organizing network (SON) node, a positioning node (e.g., an evolved serving mobile location center (E-SMLC)), and / or minimization of drive tests (MDT).

[0151] The network node 1300 includes a processing circuit 1302, a memory 1304, a communication interface 1306, and a power supply 1308. The network node 1300 may be composed of multiple physically separated components (e.g., a node B component and an RNC component, or a BTS component and a BSC component, etc.), each of which may have its own components. In certain scenarios where the network node 1300 includes multiple separated components (e.g., a BTS component and a BSC component), one or more separated components may be shared between several network nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple node Bs. In this case, each unique node B and RNC pair may be considered to be a single separate network node in some cases. In some embodiments, the network node 1300 may be configured to support multiple RATs. In such an embodiment, some components may be duplicated (e.g., separate memories 1304 for different RATs), and some components may be reused (e.g., antennas 1310 may be shared by different RATs). The network node 1300 may also include multiple sets of various components shown for different wireless technologies integrated into the network node 1300, such as GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, Zigbee, Z-wave, Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), or Bluetooth wireless technologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or chipsets and other components within the network node 1300.

[0152] The processing circuit 1302 may include a microprocessor, a controller, a microcontroller, a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, an FPGA, or any other suitable computing device, a combination of one or more of resources, or a combination of hardware, software and / or encoded logic that is operable to provide network node 1300 functionality alone or in conjunction with other network node 1300 components (such as memory 1304).

[0153] In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1302 includes a system on a chip (SOC). In some embodiments, processing circuitry 1302 includes one or more of radio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 1312 and baseband processing circuitry 1314. In some embodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 1312 and baseband processing circuitry 1314 may be on separate chips (or chipsets), boards, or units (such as a radio unit and a digital unit). In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 1312 and baseband processing circuitry 1314 may be on the same chip or chipset, board, or unit.

[0154] The memory 1304 may include any form of volatile or non-volatile computer-readable memory, including, but not limited to, persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory, magnetic media, optical media, RAM, ROM, mass storage media (e.g., hard disk), removable storage media (e.g., flash drive, compact disk (CD) or digital video disk (DVD)), and / or any other volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device-readable and / or computer-executable memory device that stores information, data and / or instructions that can be used by the processing circuit 1302. The memory 1304 may store any suitable instructions, data or information, including computer programs, software, applications including one or more of logic, rules, codes, tables, and / or other instructions that can be executed by the processing circuit 1302 and utilized by the network node 1300. The memory 1304 may be used to store any calculations performed by the processing circuit 1302 and / or any data received via the communication interface 1306. In some embodiments, the processing circuit 1302 and the memory 1304 are integrated.

[0155] The communication interface 1306 is used for wired or wireless communication of signaling and / or data between network nodes, access networks and / or UEs. As shown in the figure, the communication interface 1306 includes a port / terminal 1316 for sending data to the network and receiving data from the network, for example, via a wired connection. The communication interface 1306 also includes a radio front-end circuit 1318, which can be coupled to an antenna 1310 or to a part of the antenna 1310 in some embodiments. The radio front-end circuit 1318 includes a filter 1320 and an amplifier 1322. The radio front-end circuit 1318 can be connected to the antenna 1310 and the processing circuit 1302. The radio front-end circuit 1318 can be configured to adjust the signal communicated between the antenna 1310 and the processing circuit 1302. The radio front-end circuit 1318 can receive digital data to be sent to other network nodes or UEs via a wireless connection. The radio front-end circuit 1318 can use a combination of a filter 1320 and / or an amplifier 1322 to convert the digital data into a radio signal with appropriate channel and bandwidth parameters. The radio signal can then be sent via the antenna 1310. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 1310 may collect radio signals, which are then converted into digital data by radio front end circuit 1318. The digital data may be passed to processing circuit 1302. In other embodiments, communication interface 1306 may include different components and / or different combinations of components.

[0156] In some alternative embodiments, the network node 1300 does not include a separate radio front end circuit 1318; instead, the processing circuit 1302 includes the radio front end circuit and is connected to the antenna 1310. Similarly, in some embodiments, all or some of the RF transceiver circuit 1312 is part of the communication interface 1306. In other embodiments, the communication interface 1306 includes one or more ports or terminals 1316, the radio front end circuit 1318, and the RF transceiver circuit 1312 as part of a radio unit (not shown), and the communication interface 1306 communicates with the baseband processing circuit 1314 as part of a digital unit (not shown).

[0157] Antenna 1310 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays configured to send and / or receive wireless signals. Antenna 1310 may be coupled to radio front end circuit 1318 and may be any type of antenna capable of wirelessly sending and receiving data and / or signals. In some embodiments, antenna 1310 is separate from network node 1300 and may be connected to network node 1300 via an interface or port.

[0158] The antenna 1310, the communication interface 1306 and / or the processing circuit 1302 may be configured to perform any receiving operation and / or certain obtaining operations described herein as being performed by the network node 1300. Any information, data and / or signal may be received from a UE, another network node and / or any other network device. Similarly, the antenna 1310, the communication interface 1306 and / or the processing circuit 1302 may be configured to perform any sending operation described herein as being performed by the network node 1300. Any information, data and / or signal may be sent to a UE, another network node and / or any other network device.

[0159] The power supply 1308 provides power to the various components of the network node 1300 in a form suitable for the respective components (e.g., at the voltage and current levels required by each respective component). The power supply 1308 may also include or be coupled to a power management circuit to provide power to the components of the network node 1300 to perform the functions described herein. For example, the network node 1300 may be connected to an external power source (e.g., a power grid or a power outlet) via an input circuit or an interface such as a cable, whereby the external power source provides power to the power circuit of the power supply 1308. As another example, the power supply 1308 may include a power source in the form of a battery or battery pack that is connected to or integrated in the power circuit. If the external power source fails, the battery may provide backup power.

[0160] Embodiments of the network node 1300 may include, in addition to Fig.13, to provide some aspects of the functionality of the network node, including any functionality described herein and / or any functionality necessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example, the network node 1300 may include a user interface device to allow information to be input into the network node 1300 and to allow information to be output from the network node 1300. This may allow a user to perform diagnostics, maintenance, repair, and other management functions of the network node 1300.

[0161] Fig.14 is a block diagram of a host 1400 according to various aspects described herein, and the host 1400 may be Fig.11 1400. As used herein, host 1400 may be or include various combinations of hardware and / or software, including processing resources in a standalone server, blade server, cloud-implemented server, distributed server, virtual machine, container, or server cluster. Host 1400 may provide one or more services to one or more UEs.

[0162] Host 1400 includes processing circuitry 1402, which is operably coupled to input / output interface 1406, network interface 1408, power supply 1410, and memory 1412 via bus 1404. Other components may be included in other embodiments. The features of these components may be substantially similar to those described with respect to previous figures (such as FIG. Fig.12 and Fig.13 ) so that its description is generally applicable to corresponding components of the host 1400.

[0163] The memory 1412 may include one or more computer programs, including one or more host applications 1414 and data 1416, which may include user data, such as data generated by the UE for the host 1400 or data generated by the host 1400 for the UE. An embodiment of the host 1400 may utilize only a subset or all of the components shown. The host application 1414 may be implemented in a container-based architecture and may provide support for video encoders (e.g., Versatile Video Coding (VVC), High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Advanced Video Coding (AVC), Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG), VP9) and audio encoders (e.g., Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC), Advanced Audio Coding (AAC), MPEG, G.711), including transcoding for multiple different categories, types, or implementations of UEs (e.g., mobile phones, desktop computers, wearable display systems, and heads-up display systems). The host application 1414 may also provide user authentication and permission checks, and may periodically report health, routing, and content availability to a central node (such as a device in or on the edge of a core network). Thus, the host 1400 can select and / or instruct different hosts for over-the-top (OTT) services for the UE. The host application 1414 can support various protocols, such as HTTP Live Streaming (HLS) protocol, Real-Time Messaging Protocol (RTMP), Real-Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP), HTTP Dynamic Adaptive Streaming (DASH or MPEG-DASH), etc.

[0164] Fig.15 1500 is a block diagram showing a virtualized environment 1500 in which the functions implemented by some embodiments can be virtualized. In this context, virtualization means creating a virtual version of a device or equipment, which may include a virtualized hardware platform, storage device, and network resources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to any device or component thereof described herein, and relates to an implementation in which at least a portion of a function is implemented as one or more virtual components. Some or all of the functions described herein may be implemented as virtual components performed by one or more virtual machines (VMs), which are implemented in one or more virtual environments 1500 hosted by one or more hardware nodes, such as hardware computing devices operating as network nodes, UEs, core network nodes, or hosts. In addition, in embodiments where a virtual node does not require a radio connection (e.g., a core network node or host), the node may be fully virtualized.

[0165] Application 1502 (which may alternatively be referred to as a software instance, a virtual application, a network function, a virtual node, a virtual network function, etc.) runs in virtualization environment 1400 to implement some features, functions and / or benefits of some embodiments disclosed herein.

[0166] Hardware 1504 includes processing circuitry, memory storing software and / or instructions executable by the hardware processing circuitry, and / or other hardware devices as described herein, such as network interfaces, input / output interfaces, etc. The software may be executed by the processing circuitry to instantiate one or more virtualization layers 1506 (also referred to as hypervisors or VM monitors (VMMs)), provide VMs 1508A and VMs 1508B (one or more of which may be generally referred to as VMs 1508), and / or perform any of the functions, features, and / or benefits described with respect to some embodiments described herein. Virtualization layer 1506 may present a virtual operating platform that looks like networked hardware to VMs 1508.

[0167] The VM 1508 includes virtual processing, virtual memory, virtual networking or interfaces, and virtual storage, and may be run by a corresponding virtualization layer 1506. Different embodiments of instances of virtual applications 1502 may be implemented on one or more VMs 1508, and may be implemented in different ways. Virtualization of hardware is referred to in some contexts as network function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidate many network device types onto industry standard high-capacity server hardware, physical switches, and physical storage that may be located in data centers and customer premises equipment.

[0168] In the context of NFV, VMs 1508 can be software implementations of physical machines that run programs as if they were executed on physical non-virtualized machines. Each of VMs 1508 and the portion of hardware 1504 on which the VM executes (which is hardware dedicated to the VM and / or hardware shared by the VM with other VMs in VMs 1508) form a separate virtual network element. Still in the context of NFV, a virtual network function is responsible for handling a specific network function running in one or more VMs 1508 on hardware 1504 and corresponding to an application 1502.

[0169] Hardware 1504 may be implemented in a standalone network node with general or specific components. Hardware 1504 may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively, hardware 1504 may be part of a larger hardware cluster (e.g., such as in a data center or CPE), where many hardware nodes work together and are managed via management and orchestration 1510, which oversees, among other things, the lifecycle management of application 1502. In some embodiments, hardware 1504 is coupled to one or more radio units, each of which includes one or more transmitters and one or more receivers that may be coupled to one or more antennas. The radio units may communicate directly with other hardware nodes via one or more appropriate network interfaces, and may be used in combination with virtual components to provide a virtual node with radio capabilities, such as a RAN or BS. In some embodiments, a control system 1512 may be used to provide some signaling, which may be used alternatively for communication between hardware nodes and radio units.

[0170] Fig.16 A communication diagram of a host 1602 communicating with a UE 1606 via a network node 1604 over a partially wireless connection according to some embodiments. Fig.16 Describes the UE discussed in the preceding paragraphs (such as Fig.11 UE 1112A and / or Fig.12 UE 1200), network nodes (such as Fig.11 The network node 1110A and / or Fig.13 network nodes 1300) and hosts (such as Fig.11 Host 1116 and / or Fig.14 An example implementation of host 1400).

[0171] Similar to the host 1400, an embodiment of the host 1602 includes hardware, such as a communication interface, a processing circuit, and a memory. The host 1602 also includes software stored in or accessible by the host 1602 and executable by the processing circuit. The software includes a host application that is operable to provide services to a remote user, such as a UE 1606 connected via an OTT connection 1650 extending between the UE 1606 and the host 1602. In providing services to the remote user, the host application can provide user data sent using the OTT connection 1650.

[0172] The network node 1604 includes hardware that enables it to communicate with the host 1602 and the UE 1606 via a connection 1660. The connection 1660 may be direct or through a core network (eg, Fig.11The core network 1106 of the present invention) and / or one or more other intermediate networks, such as one or more public networks, private networks or managed networks. For example, the intermediate network can be a backbone network or the Internet.

[0173] UE 1606 includes hardware and software, which is stored in UE 1606 or accessible by UE 1606 and can be executed by the processing circuit of UE. The software includes a client application, such as a web browser or an operator-specific "app", which is operable to provide services to human or non-human users via UE 1606 with the support of host 1602. In host 1602, the execution host application can communicate with the execution client application via the OTT connection 1650 terminated at UE 1606 and host 1602. When providing services to users, the client application of UE can receive request data from the host application of the host and provide user data in response to the request data. OTT connection 1650 can transmit both request data and user data. The client application of UE can interact with the user to generate user data that it provides to the host application through OTT connection 1650.

[0174] The OTT connection 1650 may extend via a connection 1660 between the host 1602 and the network node 1604 and via a wireless connection 1670 between the network node 1604 and the UE 1606 to provide connectivity between the host 1602 and the UE 1606. The connection 1660 and the wireless connection 1670 over which the OTT connection 1650 may be provided have been drawn abstractly to illustrate communications between the host 1602 and the UE 1606 via the network node 1604 without explicit reference to any intermediate devices and the precise routing of messages via those devices.

[0175] As an example of sending data via OTT connection 1650, in step 1608, host 1602 provides user data, which can be performed by executing a host application. In some embodiments, the user data is associated with a specific human user interacting with UE 1606. In other embodiments, the user data is associated with UE 1606, and UE 1606 shares data with host 1602 without explicit human interaction. In step 1610, host 1602 initiates a transmission carrying user data to UE 1606. Host 1602 may initiate the transmission in response to a request sent by UE 1606. The request may be caused by human interaction with UE 1606 or by operation of a client application executed on UE 1606. According to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout the present disclosure, the transmission may be delivered via network node 1604. Therefore, according to the teachings of the embodiments described throughout the present disclosure, in step 1612, network node 1604 sends the user data carried in the transmission initiated by host 1602 to UE 1606. In step 1614 , UE 1606 receives the user data carried in the transmission, which may be performed by a client application executing on UE 1606 that is associated with a host application executed by host 1602 .

[0176] In some examples, UE 1606 executes a client application that provides user data to host 1602. The user data may be provided as a reaction or response to data received from host 1602. Thus, in step 1616, UE 1606 may provide the user data, which may be performed by executing the client application. In providing the user data, the client application may also take into account user input received from a user via an input / output interface of UE 1606. Regardless of the specific manner in which the user data is provided, UE 1606 initiates sending the user data to host 1602 via network node 1604 in step 1618. In step 1620, in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughout the present disclosure, network node 1604 receives the user data from UE 1606 and initiates sending of the received user data toward host 1602. In step 1622, host 1602 receives the user data carried in the transmission initiated by UE 1606.

[0177] One or more of the various embodiments improves the performance of OTT services provided to UE 1606 using OTT connection 1650, where wireless connection 1670 forms the last leg.

[0178] In an example scenario, plant status information may be collected and analyzed by host 1602. As another example, host 1602 may process audio and video data that may have been retrieved from a UE for use in creating a map. As another example, host 1602 may collect and analyze real-time data to help control vehicle congestion (e.g., control traffic lights). As another example, host 1602 may store surveillance videos uploaded by a UE. As another example, host 1602 may store or control access to media content (e.g., video, audio, VR, or AR that may be broadcast, multicast, or unicast to a UE). As other examples, host 1602 may be used for energy pricing, remote control of non-time-critical electrical loads to balance power generation demand, location services, presentation services (such as compiling maps of data collected from remote devices, etc.), or any other function that collects, retrieves, stores, analyzes, and / or sends data.

[0179] In some examples, a measurement process may be provided for the purpose of monitoring data rates, latency, and other factors that are improved by one or more embodiments. There may also be an optional network function for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1650 between the host 1602 and the UE 1606 in response to changes in the measurement results. The measurement process and / or network function for reconfiguring the OTT connection 1650 may be implemented in software and hardware of the host 1602 and / or the UE 1606. In some embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed in or associated with other devices through which the OTT connection 1650 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurement process by providing the values ​​of the monitored quantities exemplified above, or by providing the values ​​of other physical quantities from which the software can calculate or estimate the monitored quantities. The reconfiguration of the OTT connection 1650 may include message formats, retransmission settings, preferred routes, etc.; the reconfiguration does not require direct changes to the operation of the network node 1604. Such processes and functions may be known and practiced in the art. In some embodiments, the measurement may involve proprietary UE signaling that facilitates the host 1602 to measure throughput, propagation time, latency, etc. Measurements can be made because the software enables sending messages, particularly empty or "dummy" messages, using the OTT connection 1650 while monitoring propagation times, errors, etc.

[0180] Although the computing devices (e.g., UE, network node, host) described herein may include a combination of the hardware components shown, other embodiments may include computing devices with different combinations of components. It should be understood that these computing devices may include any suitable combination of hardware and / or software required to perform the tasks, features, functions, and methods disclosed herein. The determination, calculation, acquisition, or similar operations described herein may be performed by a processing circuit, which may, for example, convert the obtained information into other information, compare the obtained information or the converted information with the information stored in the network node, and / or perform one or more operations based on the obtained information or the converted information, and determine to process the information as a result of the processing. In addition, although the components are depicted as being located within a larger box or a single box nested within multiple boxes, in fact the computing device may include multiple different physical components constituting a single illustrated component, and functionality may be divided between separate components. For example, a communication interface may be configured to include any component described herein, and / or the functions of the components may be divided between a processing circuit and a communication interface. In another example, the non-computationally intensive functions of any such component may be implemented in software or firmware, and the computationally intensive functions may be implemented in hardware.

[0181] In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein may be provided by a processing circuit that executes instructions stored in a memory, which in some embodiments may be a computer program product in the form of a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functions may be provided by a processing circuit without executing instructions stored on a separate or discrete device-readable storage medium, such as in a hardwired manner. In any of those specific embodiments, the processing circuit may be configured to perform the described functions regardless of whether instructions stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium are executed. The benefits provided by such functionality are not limited to separate processing circuits or other components of a computing device, but are typically enjoyed by the computing device as a whole and / or by end users and wireless networks.

[0182] Some example embodiments of the present disclosure are as follows: Group A Embodiment

[0183] Embodiment 1: A method performed by a user equipment UE (600), the method comprising: Generate (604) channel state information CSI, including: ○ Multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for multiple time instances (e.g., time slots) respectively The non-zero coefficients NZC of ○ At least one NZC bitmap indicating the plurality of The position of the NZC in the at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: ■ according to a common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances per reporting layer; or ■ a common NZC bitmap for all said multiple times for all reporting layers; or ■ a first common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the first set of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the second set of reporting layers; or ■ two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively; and • Reporting (606) the CSI to the network node (602).

[0184] Embodiment 2: The method of embodiment 1, wherein generating the at least one NZC bitmap comprises generating the at least one NZC bitmap based on the plurality of time instances. Only one of To generate at least one common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances.

[0185] Embodiment 3: The method of embodiment 1, wherein generating the at least one NZC bitmap comprises generating the at least one NZC bitmap based only on the plurality of to generate at least one common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances using a subset of the plurality of time instances.

[0186] Embodiment 4: A method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the CSI further includes a single strongest coefficient indicator for each reporting layer in the reporting layers, the single strongest coefficient indicator indicating the strongest coefficient matrix for all of the multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for the multiple time instances for the reporting layer. The location of the strongest coefficient.

[0187] Embodiment 5: The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein: ● For each reporting layer, the plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices for the plurality of time instances Each linear combination coefficient matrix in The elements of are normalized with respect to the strongest coefficient of the reporting layer so that after normalization the strongest coefficient has unit amplitude and zero phase and is therefore not reported; and The CSI also includes a single strongest coefficient indicator for each of the reporting layers, the single strongest coefficient indicator indicating the strongest coefficient indicator for all of the plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices for the plurality of time instances for that reporting layer. The location of the strongest coefficient.

[0188] Embodiment 6: A method performed by a user equipment UE (600), the method comprising: Generate (604) channel state information CSI, including: ○The compressed linear combination coefficient matrix The non-zero coefficients NZC of ■The compressed linear combination coefficient matrix is a compressed representation of multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for multiple time instances; and ■ Compression is achieved by compressing the channel’s discrete Fourier transform (DFT) matrix W in the Doppler domain d to achieve; and ■The compressed linear combination coefficient matrix Including a set of DD / TD basis vectors; and ○ For each reporting layer, indicate the compressed linear combination coefficient matrix The corresponding DD / TD basis vectors in the NZC position are a set of NZC bitmaps; and • Reporting (606) the CSI to the network node (602).

[0189] Embodiment 7: The method according to embodiment 6, wherein the maximum number of NZCs per layer is determined, configured or defined according to DD / TD basis vectors.

[0190] Embodiment 8: The method according to embodiment 6, wherein the maximum number of NZCs per layer is determined, configured or defined by the total number of NZCs of all DD / TD basis vectors.

[0191] Embodiment 9: The method according to any one of embodiments 6 to 8, wherein the CSI further includes a single strongest coefficient indicator for each reporting layer, the single strongest coefficient indicator indicating the position of the strongest coefficient for the reporting layer.

[0192] Embodiment 10: The method according to embodiment 9, wherein the single strongest coefficient indicator and the compressed linear combination coefficient matrix The NZC is associated with any selected SD group, FD group, and TD group or DD group reported together.

[0193] Embodiment 11: The method of embodiment 9, wherein the single strongest coefficient indicator and the compressed linear combination coefficient matrix The NZC is reported together with any selected SD group and associated with a TD group or a DD group.

[0194] Embodiment 12: The method of embodiment 9, wherein the single strongest coefficient indicator and the compressed linear combination coefficient matrix The NZC is associated with any selected SD basis and FD basis reported together, and the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with the DC component of the TD basis or the DD basis.

[0195] Embodiment 13: The method according to embodiment 9, wherein the single strongest coefficient indicator and the compressed linear combination coefficient matrix The NZC is associated with any selected SD basis reported together, and the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with the DC component of the FD basis and the DC component of either the TD basis or the DD basis.

[0196] Embodiment 14: The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the reported CSI is according to any embodiment described in section 3 of "Additional Explanations" above.

[0197] Embodiment 15: A method according to any one of the preceding embodiments, wherein each linear combination coefficient matrix in the plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices is represented by a set of amplitude coefficient indicators and a set of phase coefficient indicators.

[0198] Embodiment 16: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments further includes: providing user data; and forwarding the user data to a host via the sending to the network node. Group B Example

[0199] Embodiment 17: A method performed by a network node (602), the method comprising: receiving (606) a channel state information CSI report including the CSI according to any one of Embodiments 1 to 14; and performing (608) one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

[0200] Embodiment 18: The method according to any one of the preceding embodiments further includes: obtaining user data; and forwarding the user data to a host or a user device. Group C Example

[0201] Embodiment 19: A user device comprises: a processing circuit configured to perform any step according to any one of the embodiments of group A; and a power supply circuit configured to supply power to the processing circuit.

[0202] Embodiment 20: A network node, comprising: a processing circuit configured to perform any of the steps described in any one of the embodiments of group B; and a power supply circuit configured to supply power to the processing circuit.

[0203] Embodiment 21: A user equipment (UE), comprising: an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals; a radio front-end circuit connected to the antenna and a processing circuit and configured to regulate signals communicated between the antenna and the processing circuit; the processing circuit is configured to perform any steps described in any one of the embodiments of Group A; an input interface connected to the processing circuit and configured to allow information to be input into the UE for processing by the processing circuit; an output interface connected to the processing circuit and configured to output information that has been processed by the processing circuit from the UE; and a battery connected to the processing circuit and configured to supply power to the UE.

[0204] Embodiment 22: A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: a processing circuit configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate sending the user data to a cellular network to send to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and a processing circuit, the communication interface and the processing circuit of the UE being configured to perform any steps described in any one of the embodiments of Group A to receive the user data from the host.

[0205] Embodiment 23: The host according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the cellular network further comprises a network node, wherein the network node is configured to communicate with the UE to send user data from the host to the UE.

[0206] Embodiment 24: A host according to the two aforementioned embodiments, wherein: the processing circuit of the host is configured to execute a host application to provide user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executed on the UE, and the client application is associated with the host application.

[0207] Embodiment 25: A method implemented by a host operating in a communication system, the communication system also including a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: providing user data to the UE; and initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network including the network node, wherein the UE performs any operation described in any one of the embodiments of group A to receive the user data from the host.

[0208] Embodiment 26: The method according to the aforementioned embodiment further includes: executing, at a host, a host application associated with a client application executed on a UE to receive user data from the UE.

[0209] Embodiment 27: The method according to the aforementioned embodiment further includes: at the host, sending input data to the client application executed on the UE, the input data being provided by executing the host application, wherein the user data is provided by the client application in response to the input data from the host application.

[0210] Embodiment 28: A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: a processing circuit configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate sending the user data to a cellular network for sending to a user equipment (UE), wherein the UE comprises a communication interface and a processing circuit, the communication interface and the processing circuit of the UE being configured to perform any steps described in any one of the embodiments of group A to send the user data to the host.

[0211] Embodiment 29: The host according to the preceding embodiment, wherein the cellular network further comprises a network node configured to communicate with the UE to send user data from the UE to the host.

[0212] Embodiment 30: A host according to the two aforementioned embodiments, wherein: the processing circuit of the host is configured to execute a host application to provide user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executed on the UE, and the client application is associated with the host application.

[0213] Embodiment 31: A method implemented by a host, wherein the host is configured to operate in a communication system, wherein the communication system also includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: receiving, at the host, user data sent by the UE to the host via the network node, wherein the UE performs any step described in any one of the embodiments of group A to send the user data to the host.

[0214] Embodiment 32: The method according to the aforementioned embodiment further includes: executing, at a host, a host application associated with a client application executed on a UE to receive user data from the UE.

[0215] Embodiment 33: The method according to the aforementioned embodiment further includes: at the host, sending input data to the client application executed on the UE, the input data being provided by executing the host application, wherein the user data is provided by the client application in response to the input data from the host application.

[0216] Embodiment 34: A host configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: a processing circuit configured to provide user data; and a network interface configured to initiate sending of the user data to a network node in a cellular network for sending to a user equipment (UE), the network node having a communication interface and a processing circuit, the processing circuit of the network node being configured to perform any operation described in any one of the Group B embodiments to send the user data from the host to the UE.

[0217] Embodiment 35: A host according to the aforementioned embodiment, wherein: the processing circuit of the host is configured to execute a host application that provides user data; and the UE includes a processing circuit configured to execute a client application associated with the host application to receive transmission of user data from the host.

[0218] Embodiment 36: A method implemented in a host, wherein the host is configured to operate in a communication system, wherein the communication system also includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: providing user data to the UE; and initiating a transmission carrying the user data to the UE via a cellular network including the network node, wherein the network node performs any operation described in any one of the embodiments of group B to send the user data from the host to the UE.

[0219] Embodiment 37: The method according to the aforementioned embodiment further includes sending user data provided by the host for the UE at the network node.

[0220] Embodiment 38: A method according to any one of the preceding two embodiments, wherein the user data is provided at the host by executing a host application that interacts with a client application executed on the UE, the client application being associated with the host application.

[0221] Embodiment 39: A communication system configured to provide over-the-top services, the communication system comprising a host, the host comprising: a processing circuit, the processing circuit configured to provide user data to a user equipment (UE), the user data being associated with the over-the-top service; and a network interface, configured to initiate sending the user data to a cellular network node to send it to the UE, the network node having a communication interface and a processing circuit, the processing circuit of the network node being configured to perform any operation described in any one of the Group B embodiments to send the user data from the host to the UE.

[0222] Embodiment 40: The communication system according to the aforementioned embodiment further includes: a network node; and / or a user equipment.

[0223] Embodiment 41: A host is configured to operate in a communication system to provide an over-the-top (OTT) service, the host comprising: a processing circuit configured to initiate reception of user data; and a network interface configured to receive the user data from a network node in a cellular network, the network node having a communication interface and a processing circuit, the processing circuit of the network node being configured to perform any operation described in any one of the group B embodiments to receive the user data for the host with a user equipment (UE).

[0224] Embodiment 42: A host according to the two aforementioned embodiments, wherein: the processing circuit of the host is configured to execute a host application to provide user data; and the host application is configured to interact with a client application executed on the UE, and the client application is associated with the host application.

[0225] Embodiment 43: A host according to any one of the preceding two embodiments, wherein initiating reception of user data comprises requesting user data.

[0226] Embodiment 44: A method implemented by a host, wherein the host is configured to operate in a communication system, wherein the communication system also includes a network node and a user equipment (UE), the method comprising: at the host, initiating reception of user data from the UE, the user data originating from a transmission already received by the network node from the UE, wherein the network node performs any step described in any one of the embodiments of group B to receive the user data for the host from the UE.

[0227] Embodiment 45: The method according to the aforementioned embodiment further includes sending the received user data to the host at the network node.

[0228] Those skilled in the art will recognize improvements and modifications to the embodiments of the present disclosure. All such improvements and modifications are considered to be within the scope of the concepts disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment UE (600), the method comprising: Generate (604) channel state information CSI, including: ○ non-zero coefficients NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: ■The number L of discrete Fourier transform DFT basis vectors selected in the spatial domain SD; ■ the number M of DFT basis vectors selected in the frequency domain FD; and ■ In Doppler domain DD selected DFT basis vectors; and ○ For each reporting layer, a set of NZC bitmap, where the set The NZC bitmap includes a set of A separate bitmap for each selected DFT basis vector in DD of the selected DFT basis vectors; and • Reporting (606) the CSI to the network node (602).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the group Each of the NZC bitmaps has a size of 2LM bits.

3. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the maximum number of NZCs per layer is determined by The total number of NZCs of the selected DFT basis vectors is determined, configured or defined.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 2, wherein the maximum number of NZCs per layer is determined, configured or defined according to the selected DFT basis vectors in the DD. 5 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the CSI further comprises a single strongest coefficient indicator for each reporting layer, the single strongest coefficient indicator indicating the position of the strongest coefficient for that reporting layer.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with any selected DFT basis vectors in SD, DFT basis vectors in FD, and DFT basis vectors in DD reported with the NZC in the set of linear combination coefficients.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with any selected DFT basis vectors in SD and DFT basis vectors in DD reported together with the NZC in the set of linear combination coefficients, and the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with the DC component of the DFT basis vectors in FD.

8. The method of claim 5, wherein the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with any selected DFT basis vectors in SD and DFT basis vectors in FD reported together with the NZC in the set of linear combination coefficients, and the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with the DC component of the DFT basis vectors in DD.

9. The method of claim 5 , wherein the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with any selected DFT basis vector in the SD reported together with the NZC in the set of linear combination coefficients, and the single strongest coefficient indicator is associated with a DC component of the DFT basis vector in the FD and a DC component of the DFT basis vector in the DD.

10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the CSI further comprises an indication of the selected DFT basis vectors in DD.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein each linear combination coefficient in the set of linear combination coefficients is represented by a set of amplitude coefficient indicators and a set of phase coefficient indicators.

12. A user equipment UE (600), adapted to: Generate (604) channel state information CSI, including: ○ non-zero coefficients NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: ■The number L of discrete Fourier transform DFT basis vectors selected in the spatial domain SD; ■ the number M of DFT basis vectors selected in the frequency domain FD; and ■ In Doppler domain DD The selected DFT basis vectors; as well as ○ For each reporting layer, a set of NZC bitmap, where the set The NZC bitmap includes a set of A separate bitmap for each selected DFT basis vector in DD of the selected DFT basis vectors; and • Reporting (606) the CSI to the network node (602).

13. The UE (600) according to claim 12, further adapted to perform the method according to any one of claims 2 to 11.

14. A user equipment UE (600; 1200), comprising: ●Communication interface (1212); as well as A processing circuit (1202) associated with the communication interface (1212), the processing circuit (1202) being configured to cause the UE (600; 1200): o Generate (604) channel state information CSI, including: ■ a non-zero coefficient NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: The number L of discrete Fourier transform DFT basis vectors selected in the spatial domain SD; The number M of selected DFT basis vectors in the frequency domain FD; and ● In Doppler domain DD The selected DFT basis vectors; as well as ■ For each reporting layer, a set of NZC bitmap, where the set The NZC bitmap includes a set of A separate bitmap for each selected DFT basis vector in DD of the selected DFT basis vectors; and o Report (606) the CSI to the network node (602).

15. The UE (600; 1200) according to claim 14, wherein the processing circuit (1202) is further configured to cause the UE (600; 1200) to perform the method according to any one of claims 2 to 11.

16. A method performed by a user equipment UE (600), the method comprising: Generate (604) channel state information CSI, including: ○Multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for multiple time instances The non-zero coefficients NZC of ○ At least one NZC bitmap indicating the plurality of The position of the NZC in the at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: ■ according to a common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances per reporting layer; or ■ a common NZC bitmap for all said multiple times for all reporting layers; or ■ a first common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the first set of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the second set of reporting layers; or ■ two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively; and • Reporting (606) the CSI to the network node (602).

17. The method of claim 16, wherein generating the at least one NZC bitmap comprises generating the at least one NZC bitmap based on the plurality of Only one of To generate at least one common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein generating the at least one NZC bitmap comprises generating the at least one NZC bitmap based only on the plurality of to generate at least one common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances using a subset of the plurality of time instances.

19. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein the CSI further comprises a single strongest coefficient indicator for each of the reporting layers, the single strongest coefficient indicator indicating the strongest coefficient matrix for all of the plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices for the plurality of time instances for the reporting layer. The location of the strongest coefficient.

20. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein: For each reporting layer, the plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices for the plurality of time instances Each linear combination coefficient matrix in The elements of are normalized with respect to the strongest coefficient of the reporting layer so that after normalization the strongest coefficient has unit amplitude and zero phase and is therefore not reported; and The CSI also includes a single strongest coefficient indicator for each of the reporting layers, the single strongest coefficient indicator indicating the strongest coefficient indicator for all of the plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices for the plurality of time instances for the reporting layer. The location of the strongest coefficient.

21. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 20, wherein each linear combination coefficient matrix of the plurality of linear combination coefficient matrices is represented by a set of amplitude coefficient indicators and a set of phase coefficient indicators.

22. A user equipment UE (600), adapted to: Generate (604) channel state information CSI, including: ○Multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for multiple time instances The non-zero coefficients NZC of as well as ○ At least one NZC bitmap indicating the plurality of The position of the NZC in the at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: ■ according to a common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances per reporting layer; or ■ a common NZC bitmap for all said multiple times for all reporting layers; or ■ a first common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the first set of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the second set of reporting layers; or ■ two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively; and • Reporting (606) the CSI to the network node (602).

23. The UE (600) according to claim 22, further adapted to perform the method according to any one of claims 17 to 21.

24. A user equipment UE (600; 1200), comprising: ●Communication interface (1212); as well as A processing circuit (1202) associated with the communication interface (1212), the processing circuit (1202) being configured to cause the UE (600; 1200): o Generate (604) channel state information CSI, including: ■Multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for multiple time instances The non-zero coefficients NZC of as well as ■ at least one NZC bitmap indicating the plurality of The position of the NZC in the at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: - according to a common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances per reporting layer; or - a common NZC bitmap for all said multiple times for all reporting layers; or - a first common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for a first set of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for a second set of reporting layers; or • two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively; and o Report (606) the CSI to the network node (602).

25. The UE (600; 1200) according to claim 24, wherein the processing circuit (1202) is further configured to cause the UE (600; 1200) to perform the method according to any one of claims 17 to 21.

26. A method performed by a network node (602), the method comprising: • receiving (606) a CSI report including channel state information CSI, the CSI including: ○ non-zero coefficients NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: ■The number L of discrete Fourier transform DFT basis vectors selected in the spatial domain SD; ■ the number M of DFT basis vectors selected in the frequency domain FD; and ■ In Doppler domain DD selected DFT basis vectors; and ○ For each reporting layer, a set of NZC bitmap, where the set The NZC bitmap includes a set of A separate bitmap for each selected DFT basis vector in DD of the selected DFT basis vectors; and ●Perform (608) one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

27. A network node (602), adapted to: • receiving (606) a CSI report including channel state information CSI, the CSI including: ○ non-zero coefficients NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: ■The number L of discrete Fourier transform DFT basis vectors selected in the spatial domain SD; ■ the number M of DFT basis vectors selected in the frequency domain FD; and ■ In Doppler domain DD The selected DFT basis vectors; as well as ○ For each reporting layer, a set of NZC bitmap, where the set The NZC bitmap includes a set of A separate bitmap for each selected DFT basis vector in DD of the selected DFT basis vectors; as well as ●Perform (608) one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

28. A network node (602; 1300), comprising a processing circuit (1302), the processing circuit (1302) being configured to cause the network node (602; 1300): • receiving (606) a CSI report including channel state information CSI, the CSI including: ○ non-zero coefficients NZC in a set of linear combination coefficients, wherein the set of linear combination coefficients is associated with: ■The number L of discrete Fourier transform DFT basis vectors selected in the spatial domain SD; ■ the number M of DFT basis vectors selected in the frequency domain FD; and ■ In Doppler domain DD The selected DFT basis vectors; as well as ○ For each reporting layer, a set of NZC bitmap, where the set The NZC bitmap includes a set of A separate bitmap for each selected DFT basis vector in DD of the selected DFT basis vectors; as well as ●Perform (608) one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

29. A method performed by a network node (602), the method comprising: • receiving (606) a CSI report including channel state information CSI, the CSI including: ○Multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for multiple time instances The non-zero coefficients NZC of ○ At least one NZC bitmap indicating the plurality of The position of the NZC in the at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: ■ according to a common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances per reporting layer; or ■ a common NZC bitmap for all said multiple times for all reporting layers; or ■ a first common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the first set of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the second set of reporting layers; or ■ two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively; and ●Perform (608) one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

30. A network node (602), adapted to: • receiving (606) a CSI report including channel state information CSI, the CSI including: ○Multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for multiple time instances The non-zero coefficients NZC of as well as ○ At least one NZC bitmap indicating the plurality of The position of the NZC in the at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: ■ according to a common NZC bitmap for all said plurality of time instances per reporting layer; or ■ a common NZC bitmap for all said multiple times for all reporting layers; or ■ a first common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the first set of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the second set of reporting layers; or ■ two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively; and ●Perform (608) one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

31. A network node (602; 1300), comprising a processing circuit (1302), the processing circuit (1302) being configured to cause the network node (602; 1300): • receiving (606) a CSI report including channel state information CSI, the CSI including: ○Multiple linear combination coefficient matrices for multiple time instances The non-zero coefficients NZC of as well as ○ At least one NZC bitmap indicating the plurality of The position of the NZC in the at least one NZC bitmap includes any of the following: ■ according to a common NZC bitmap for all said plurality of time instances per reporting layer; or ■ a common NZC bitmap for all said multiple times for all reporting layers; or ■ a first common NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the first set of reporting layers and a separate NZC bitmap for all of the plurality of time instances for the second set of reporting layers; or ■ two or more common NZC bitmaps for two or more groups of reporting layers, respectively; and ●Perform (608) one or more operational tasks based on the CSI.

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