Frequency resource distribution for control signal transmission in d2d communications based on two radio technologies

Abstract

A D2D communication device (10) performs D2D communication based on a first radio technology on a first radio resource from a first resource pool, the first resource pool comprising a first set of frequency sub-channels. Selecting a first radio resource from a first resource pool is based on sensing a first set of frequency sub-channels to detect transmissions by other devices. Further, the D2D communication device (10) performs a second radio technology-based D2D communication on a second radio resource from a second resource pool, the second resource pool comprising a second set of frequency sub-channels. The D2D communication based on the second radio technology includes transmission of at least one control signal. The second set of frequency sub-channels at least partially overlaps the first set of frequency sub-channels. Frequency resources for the transmission of the at least one control signal are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency sub-channels such that each frequency sub-channel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for the transmission of the at least one control signal.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for controlling device-to-device (D2D) communication and a corresponding device, system and computer program. Background Art

[0002] Current wireless communication networks (e.g., based on 4G (fourth generation) LTE (Long Term Evolution) or 5G (fifth generation) NR technologies as specified by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project)) also support D2D communication modes to allow direct communication between UEs (user equipment), sometimes also referred to as direct link (SL) communication. In SL communication and other types of D2D communication, wireless transmissions may be performed directly from a transmitter (TX) UE to a receiver (RX) UE. The D2D communication mode may be used, for example, for vehicular communications, for example, including communications between vehicles, between vehicles and roadside communication infrastructure, and possibly between vehicles and cellular networks. Due to the wide range of different types of devices that may be involved in communications with vehicles, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication is another term used to refer to such communications. Vehicular communications have the potential to increase traffic safety, reduce energy consumption, and allow new services related to ITS (Intelligent Transport System) applications.

[0003] SL communications can be used as a supplement or alternative to uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) transmissions in cellular networks. In 3GPP networks, the SL radio interface is sometimes also referred to as the PC5 interface, and the UL / DL interface is sometimes referred to as the Uu interface. In both LTE and NR technologies, SL communications can be performed with and without network coverage and with varying degrees of interaction between the UE and the network, including support for independent network-free operation.

[0004] In cellular networks, the network typically configures some parameters used by the UE. This configuration is typically signaled by a network node (e.g., an access node, typically referred to as a "gNB" in NR technology and an "eNB" in LTE technology). The configuration may be performed using RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling, through system information broadcast, for example, in a MIB (Master Information Block) or SIB (System Information Block), or using some other type of signaling. Such network control may be used for SL communication when at least one of the communicating UEs is in network coverage. In addition, when the UE has moved out of network coverage, they may continue to use at least some of the configured parameters. In addition, parameters for controlling SL communication of UEs outside network coverage may be provided by means of pre-configuration, for example, by storing these parameters in a SIM (Subscriber Identity Module), in other operator settings, or in manufacturer settings. For some V2X applications, the (pre) configuration may also be defined by a road authority and stored by the manufacturer of the device or chipset. In such cases, the (pre) configuration will therefore have been provided when the UE is manufactured.

[0005] For SL operation based on LTE technology (also denoted as LTE SL in this article), SL transmission is organized in a subframe consisting of 14 OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols. The last OFDM symbol of the subframe is reserved and unused to serve as a guard period (GP). The duration of the subframe is 1ms. Figure 1A The subframe structure as used in LTE SL is schematically shown. As shown, the first 13 OFDM symbols are used for the transmission of physical (PHY) channels such as PSCCH (Physical SL Control Channel) and / or PSSCH (Physical SL Shared Channel). In a typical configuration, PSCCH and PSSCH are transmitted adjacently in frequency. In addition, the subframe is divided into a first time slot and a second time slot in the time domain, each time slot occupying 7 OFDM symbols.

[0006] In LTE SL, radio resources are organized in resource pools. An LTE resource pool is a set of time-frequency resources that can be used to transmit or receive LTE SL transmissions, also referred to herein as radio resources. In the frequency domain, a resource pool is divided into one or several subchannels, where each subchannel corresponds to a set of consecutive physical resource blocks (PRBs). In the time domain, an LTE resource pool indicates a subframe that can be used to perform LTE SL transmissions. Figure 1B Shown with L subch = Example of an LTE SL resource pool with 4 subchannels, each of which consists of L RBsPRBs. A subchannel constitutes the minimum frequency granularity for resource allocation for PSCCH. As a result, in a typical configuration, an LTE SL transmission carrying PSCCH and PSSCH occupies an integer number of subchannels in a subframe containing a GP.

[0007] With regard to the selection of radio resources from the resource pool, LTE SL supports two different operation modes (denoted as Mode 3 and Mode 4). In the case of Mode 4, the TX UE autonomously selects radio resources for LTE SL transmission from the LTE resource pool. In order to avoid multiple UEs selecting the same radio resources, Mode 4 defines a sensing procedure by which the UEs can detect each other's transmissions. The sensing procedure is based on the measurement of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI), which is also called SLRSSI or S-RSSI in the context of LTE SL transmission. More specifically, the UE performs RSSI measurements in each subchannel of each time slot. When the RSSI measurement corresponding to subframe y and subchannel r is denoted as When determining whether the future radio resource on subchannel r in subframe n is based on the following value Calculation: Where P step Indicates the step cycle. The calculation is for K and P step As a result, the UE calculates the average RSSI value in subchannel r in K subframes, where the K subframes are of length P. step The Figure 1C An example of such a calculation is shown in resources, because if another UE step or its multiples are transmitted periodically, which will result in high In this regard, it should also be noted that in the calculations performed according to (1), the values ​​in the summation are calculated for a given subchannel r.

[0008] For SL operation based on NR technology (also referred to as NR SL in this article), NR SL transmission is organized in time slots consisting of 14 OFDM symbols each. Similar to LTE SL, the last OFDM symbol is reserved and not used to act as a GP. The duration of the time slot is configurable and depends on the subcarrier spacing. In the following, it is assumed that the subcarrier spacing used for NR SL is 15kHz, resulting in a time slot duration of 1ms, which is the same as the duration of the subframe in LTE SL. However, it should be noted that the explanations provided in this article also apply to other values ​​of subcarrier spacing. In NR SL, time slots can be used for the transmission of PSCCH and / or PSSCH. In addition, NR SL also defines PSFCH (physical SL feedback channel). PSFCH can be used to transmit HARQ (hybrid automatic repeat request) confirmation information from RX UE to TX UE. In addition, as specified in, for example, 3GPP TS 38.213V17.3.0 (2022-09), it is possible to configure PSFCH resources for PSFCH transmission of conflicting information. Here, it is to be noted that different PSFCH resources are configured for each purpose.

[0009] Similarly, in the case of NR SL, radio resources are organized in units of resource pools. An NR resource pool is a set of time-frequency resources, i.e., radio resources, that can be used to transmit or receive NR SL transmissions. In the frequency domain, an NR resource pool comprises one or more subchannels. A subchannel is a set of contiguous PRBs. In the time domain, a resource pool indicates which time slots can be used to perform NR direct link transmissions. Similarly, in NR SL, subchannels constitute the minimum frequency granularity for resource allocation for PSCCH. As a result, in a typical configuration, an NR SL transmission carrying PSCCH and PSSCH occupies an integer number of subchannels of a time slot. The actual duration of the PSCCH and PSSCH depends on the time slot in which it is transmitted. The resource pool configuration defines two types of time slots: time slots without PSFCH resources and time slots with PSFCH resources.

[0010] In a slot without PSFCH resources, PSCCH and PSSCH occupy all OFDM symbols in the slot except the last OFDM symbol which serves as the GP. Figure 2A An example of such a slot configuration is shown.In a slot with PSFCH resources, PSCCH and PSSCH transmissions span fewer OFDM symbols, where some OFDM symbols at the end of the slot are used to transmit PSFCH and for additional GPs. Figure 2BAn example of such a timeslot configuration is shown. Here, it should be noted that in a timeslot with PSFCH resources, PSCCH and PSSCH may originate from one UE, while PSFCH may originate from another UE. The presence of PSFCH resources in a timeslot is configurable, and details about such configurability are specified, for example, in 3GPP TS 38.213 V17.3.0. In the time domain, PSFCH resources can be configured to appear every timeslot, every two timeslots, or every four timeslots. In the frequency domain, the configuration can determine for each PRB whether it can be used for PSFCH transmission. Among multiple configured PSFCH resources, the RX UE selects a resource for transmitting PSFCH based on the resource carrying PSCCH or PSSCH and some physical layer identifiers.

[0011] It is expected that NR SL will not completely replace LTE SL, but that the two technologies will coexist and also be supported in parallel on the same device. For example, some services may use LTE SL and other services use NR SL. For example, for V2X, a service denoted as "ITS safety" will use LTE SL, while a service type denoted as "cooperative driving" will use NR SL. Given the scarcity of available spectrum, it may also be desirable to deploy NR SL and LTE SL on the same or at least overlapping time-frequency resources, sometimes also denoted as co-channel deployment.

[0012] A problem that may arise in the case of co-channel deployment of LTE SL and NR SL is transmission misalignment. It is generally expected that in each transmission interval, for example, in an LTE subframe, all transmissions start at the same time and end at the same time. This can be illustrated by considering the following examples: In the first example, when considering three UEs represented as UE1, UE2 and UE3, UE1 and UE2 may start SL transmissions to UE3 at the same time. If UE1 is closer to UE3 than UE2, the signal transmitted by UE1 arrives at UE3 with a much higher power than the signal transmitted by UE2. The receiver of UE3 can then adjust its amplifier and automatic gain control (AGC) loop to handle this difference in received power so that it can process both signals. In the second example, a similar setup is assumed, but in which UE2 starts its SL transmission earlier than UE1. If UE3 receives a SL transmission from UE2, UE3 adjusts its amplifier and AGC loop based on the relatively low received signal power. If UE1 starts its SL transmission at that time, the received power at UE3 becomes very high, and the receiver of UE3 is adjusted to process low-power signals. This may lead to saturation of the amplifier and AGC loop, and UE3 may take up to one OFDM symbol to recalibrate its AGC. Channel estimation and demodulation may be disturbed for even longer. This disturbance may also affect subchannels not used by transmissions from UE1. This is due to the fact that in practical implementations, the amplifier and AGC loop are seen before the OFDM demodulator, which is a function that allows for separation of the signals in frequency.

[0013] As can be seen from the above example, large variations in received power are undesirable from the perspective of an RX UE using LTE SL. This can be partially addressed by using the same NR slot and LTE subframe durations and aligning the NR slot and LTE subframes. Figure 5In the case of a time slot with PSFCH resources as shown in , the transmission of PSFCH by another UE can still cause problems similar to the second example above: at the RX UE, the amplifier and AGC loop are adjusted to receive PSCCH and PSSCH from the TX UE, and the transmission by another UE on PSFCH at that time can cause excessively high received power at the RX UE, thereby saturating the amplifier and AGC loop. In other words, the NR PSFCH transmission may disrupt the reception of signals by the LTE UE. Similar problems can be caused not only by the NR PSFCH, but also by other control signals that may cause sudden changes in the received power at the RX UE (for example, because the control signal is transmitted by another UE different from the TX UE currently transmitting to the RX UE, and / or because the control signal is transmitted with a higher power than the conventional transmission of PSCCH or PSFCH). Such problems may be more serious if two radio technologies used for D2D communication coexist in the same device, for example, if the RX UE is an LTE UE and the LTE UE belongs to the same device as the NR UE transmitting the PSFCH.

[0014] Therefore, there is a need for techniques that allow for efficient management of the coexistence of D2D transmissions based on different radio technologies. Summary of the invention

[0015] According to an embodiment, a method for controlling D2D communication is provided. According to the method, a D2D communication device performs D2D communication based on a first radio technology on a first radio resource from a first resource pool, the first resource pool including a first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions performed by other devices. In addition, the D2D communication device performs D2D communication based on a second radio technology on a second radio resource from a second resource pool, the second resource pool including a second set of frequency subchannels. The D2D communication based on the second radio technology includes the transmission of at least one control signal. The second set of frequency subchannels at least partially overlaps with the first set of frequency subchannels. The frequency resources for the transmission of at least one control signal are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for the transmission of at least one control signal.

[0016] According to another embodiment, a method for controlling D2D communication is provided. The method includes configuring a first resource pool for at least one D2D communication device for selection of a first radio resource for D2D communication based on a first radio technology, and configuring a second resource pool for selection of a second radio resource for D2D communication based on a second radio technology. The first resource pool includes a first set of frequency subchannels, and the second resource pool includes a second set of frequency subchannels. The second set of frequency subchannels overlaps at least partially with the first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions by other devices. The frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal for the second radio technology are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for transmission of at least one control signal.

[0017] According to another embodiment, a D2D communication device is provided. The D2D communication device is suitable for performing D2D communication based on a first radio technology on a first radio resource from a first resource pool, the first resource pool including a first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions performed by other devices. In addition, the D2D communication device is suitable for performing D2D communication based on a second radio technology on a second radio resource from a second resource pool, the second resource pool including a second set of frequency subchannels. The D2D communication based on the second radio technology includes the transmission of at least one control signal. The second set of frequency subchannels at least partially overlaps with the first set of frequency subchannels. The frequency resources for the transmission of at least one control signal are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for the transmission of at least one control signal.

[0018] According to another embodiment, a D2D communication device is provided. The D2D communication device includes at least one processor and a memory. The memory contains instructions executable by the at least one processor, whereby the D2D communication device is operable to perform D2D communication based on a first radio technology on a first radio resource from a first resource pool, the first resource pool including a first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions performed by other devices. In addition, the memory contains instructions executable by the at least one processor, whereby the D2D communication device is operable to perform D2D communication based on a second radio technology on a second radio resource from a second resource pool, the second resource pool including a second set of frequency subchannels. The D2D communication based on the second radio technology includes the transmission of at least one control signal. The second set of frequency subchannels at least partially overlaps with the first set of frequency subchannels. The frequency resources for the transmission of at least one control signal are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for the transmission of at least one control signal.

[0019] According to another embodiment, a device for configuring D2D communication is provided. The device is suitable for configuring a first resource pool for at least one D2D communication device for selection of a first radio resource for D2D communication based on a first radio technology, and configuring a second resource pool for selection of a second radio resource for D2D communication based on a second radio technology. The first resource pool includes a first set of frequency subchannels, and the second resource pool includes a second set of frequency subchannels. The second set of frequency subchannels overlaps at least partially with the first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions performed by other devices. The frequency resources for the transmission of at least one control signal of the second radio technology are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for the transmission of at least one control signal.

[0020] According to another embodiment, a device for configuring D2D communication is provided. The device includes at least one processor and a memory. The memory contains instructions executable by the at least one processor, whereby the device is operable to configure a first resource pool for at least one D2D communication device for selection of a first radio resource for D2D communication based on a first radio technology, and to configure a second resource pool for selection of a second radio resource for D2D communication based on a second radio technology. The first resource pool includes a first set of frequency subchannels, and the second resource pool includes a second set of frequency subchannels. The second set of frequency subchannels overlaps at least partially with the first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions by other devices. The frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal for the second radio technology are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for transmission of at least one control signal.

[0021] According to another embodiment of the present invention, for example, a computer program or a computer program product is provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium, which includes a program code to be executed by at least one processor of a D2D communication device. The execution of the program code causes the D2D communication device to perform D2D communication based on a first radio technology on a first radio resource from a first resource pool, the first resource pool including a first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions performed by other devices. In addition, the execution of the program code causes the D2D communication device to perform D2D communication based on a second radio technology on a second radio resource from a second resource pool, the second resource pool including a second set of frequency subchannels. The D2D communication based on the second radio technology includes the transmission of at least one control signal. The second set of frequency subchannels overlaps at least partially with the first set of frequency subchannels. The frequency resources for the transmission of at least one control signal are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for the transmission of at least one control signal.

[0022] According to another embodiment of the present invention, for example, a computer program or a computer program product is provided in the form of a non-transitory storage medium, which includes a program code to be executed by at least one processor of a device for configuring D2D communication. The execution of the program code causes the device to configure a first resource pool for at least one D2D communication device for selection of a first radio resource for D2D communication based on a first radio technology, and configure a second resource pool for selection of a second radio resource for D2D communication based on a second radio technology. The first resource pool includes a first set of frequency subchannels, and the second resource pool includes a second set of frequency subchannels. The second set of frequency subchannels overlaps at least partially with the first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions performed by other devices. The frequency resources for the transmission of at least one control signal of the second radio technology are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for the transmission of at least one control signal.

[0023] Details of such and further embodiments will be apparent from the following detailed description of the embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1A An example of an LTE SL subframe is schematically shown.

[0025] Figure 1B An example of an LTE SL resource pool is schematically shown.

[0026] Figure 1C An example of Mode 4 sensing in LTE SL is schematically shown.

[0027] Figure 2A An example of an NR SL slot without PSFCH resources is schematically shown.

[0028] Figure 2B An example of an NR SL slot with PSFCH resources is schematically shown.

[0029] Figure 3 An exemplary V2X scenario is schematically illustrated, wherein D2D communications may be controlled according to embodiments.

[0030] Figure 4 An exemplary scenario according to an embodiment of the present invention is schematically illustrated, wherein D2D communication may be controlled according to the embodiment.

[0031] Figure 5 An example of a resource pool configuration according to an embodiment is schematically shown.

[0032] Figure 6 A further example of a resource pool configuration according to an embodiment is schematically illustrated.

[0033] Figure 7 A further example of a resource pool configuration according to an embodiment is schematically illustrated.

[0034] Figure 8 A further example of a resource pool configuration according to an embodiment is schematically illustrated.

[0035] Fig. 9 A further example of a resource pool configuration according to an embodiment is schematically illustrated.

[0036] Fig.10 A flow chart is shown for schematically illustrating a method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0037] Fig.11 A flow chart is shown for schematically illustrating a further method according to an exemplary embodiment.

[0038] Fig.12 The structure of a D2D communication device according to an embodiment is schematically shown.

[0039] Fig.13 The structure of the device according to the embodiment is schematically shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Hereinafter, the concept of exemplary embodiments according to the present invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The illustrated embodiments relate to the control of D2D communication by wireless communication devices. These wireless communication devices may include various types of UE or other wireless devices (WD). As used herein, the term "wireless device" (WD) refers to a device capable of, configured to, arranged to and / or operable to communicate wirelessly with a network node and / or other WD. Unless otherwise noted, the term WD may be used interchangeably with UE in this article. Wireless communication may involve the use of electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infrared waves and / or other types of signals suitable for conveying information through the air to transmit and / or receive wireless signals. In some embodiments, WD may be configured to transmit and / or receive information without direct human interaction. For example, WD may be designed to transmit information to the network according to a predetermined schedule, when an internal or external event triggers, or in response to a request from the network. Examples of WD include, but are not limited to, smart phones, mobile phones, cellular phones, voice over IP (VoIP) phones, wireless local loop phones, desktop computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), wireless cameras, game consoles or devices, music storage devices, rechargeable devices, wearable terminal devices, wireless endpoints, mobile stations, tablets, laptop computers, laptop embedded devices (LEEs), laptop mounted devices (LMEs), smart devices, wireless client equipment (CPEs), vehicle-mounted wireless terminal devices, connected vehicles, and the like. In some examples, in the Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, WD may also represent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and / or measurement and transmits the results of such monitoring and / or measurement to another WD and / or network node. In this case, WD may be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may be referred to as a machine type communication (MTC) device in the 3GPP context. As a specific example, WD may be a UE that implements the 3GPP narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) standard. Specific examples of such machines or devices are sensors, metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, household or personal appliances (e.g., refrigerators, televisions, etc.), or personal wearable devices (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.). In other scenarios, a WD may represent a vehicle or other device capable of monitoring and / or reporting its operating status or other functions associated with its operation. A WD as described above may represent an endpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device may be referred to as a wireless terminal. In addition, a WD as described above may be mobile, in which case it may be referred to as a mobile device or mobile terminal. The concepts illustrated relate particularly to WDs that support D2D communication, for example, by implementing 3GPP standards for SL communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-everything (V2X). A wireless communication device including one or more WDs that support D2D communication is also referred to herein as a D2D communication device.D2D communication may be based on LTE radio technology or NR radio technology as specified by 3GPP, for example, on the PC5 SL interface of LTE or NR technology. However, it should be noted that the concepts described may also be applied to other radio technologies, for example WLAN (Wireless Local Area Network) technology.

[0041] In the illustrated concept, D2D communication is performed based on different radio technologies. These radio technologies may specifically correspond to LTE SL technology using sensing-based resource selection in mode 4, and NR SL technology involving transmission of feedback on PFSCH resources. However, it should be noted that the illustrated concept may also be applied to other combinations of radio technologies, where the transmission of control signals of one of these technologies may adversely affect the sensing of radio resources in another radio technology.

[0042] In the illustrated concept, one or more D2D communication devices are configured with a first resource pool and a second resource pool. The first resource pool is used to select a first radio resource for D2D communication based on a first radio technology (e.g., LTE SL), and the second resource pool is used to select a second radio resource for D2D communication based on a second radio technology (NR SL). The first and second resource pools may be configured in the same device, for example, in a device that supports both LTE SL and NR SL. In addition, one or more certain devices may be configured with the first resource pool, while one or more other devices may be configured with the second resource pool. The first resource pool includes a first set of frequency subchannels, and the second resource pool includes a second set of frequency subchannels. The second set of frequency subchannels overlaps at least partially with the first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions by other devices, for example, similar to in mode 4 of LTE SL. The frequency resources (e.g., PSFCH) used to transmit at least one control signal of the second radio technology are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for transmission of at least one control signal.

[0043] As mentioned above, the concepts illustrated are applicable to devices that support both LTE SL and NR SL. In such devices, a single chipset can implement the functionality of both LTE SL and NR SL. Alternatively, such devices may include two separate chipsets, one for LTE SL and the other for NR SL. In each case, the device may be, for example, an on-board communication module of a vehicle (e.g., a car), or a vehicle that supports V2X communication.

[0044] When applied in the context of LTE SL and NR SL, the illustrated concepts allow for configuring the NR resource pool to be used for NR SL transmissions and the LTE resource pool to be used for LTE SL transmissions in such a way that the NR PSFCH transmissions appear on average on all subchannels of the LTE resource pool. As a result, the PSFCH transmissions will be taken into account in the sensing used in LTE SL, and the resource selection mechanism will avoid selecting for use for LTE SL transmissions those radio resources that may be adversely affected by the PSFCH transmissions.

[0045] The concepts illustrated may involve providing separate but related (particularly with respect to resource pools) configurations for LTE SL and NR SL. These configurations may be provided by the network, or may be pre-configured, for example, based on operator settings or manufacturer settings. Configurations for LTE SL and NR SL may be provided separately, as long as the required configuration parameter correlations are met. With respect to V2X services, the configuration may also be defined at least in part by the traffic management agency responsible for a certain country or region. The traffic management agency may, for example, define a set of parameter values ​​for LTE SL and a set of parameter values ​​for NRSL taking into account the correlations defined by the concepts illustrated. The manufacturer or the manufacturer's distributor uses these parameter values ​​in its products for the country or region. As mentioned above, such products may be chipsets, vehicle communication modules, vehicles (e.g., cars or motorcycles), and the like.

[0046] Figure 3 An exemplary scenario involving V2X communications is shown. In particular, Figure 3 Various D2D communication devices 10 are shown that may participate in V2X communication or other D2D communication (shown by solid arrows). Figure 3 An access node 100 of a wireless communication network is shown, for example, an eNB of LTE technology or a gNB of NR technology. At least some of the D2D communication devices 10 may also be able to communicate by using DL radio transmission and / or UL radio transmission (shown by dashed arrows). Each of the D2D communication devices 10 may correspond to or include one or more UEs, in particular LTE UEs and NR UEs. At least some of the D2D communication devices 10 may include both LTE UEs and NR UEs.

[0047] Figure 3 The D2D communication device 10 shown in the figure includes a vehicle, a drone, a mobile phone, and a person (e.g., a pedestrian, a cyclist, a driver of a vehicle, or a passenger of a vehicle). Here, it is noted that in the case of a vehicle, the radio transmission may be performed by a communication module installed in the vehicle, and in the case of a person, the radio transmission may be performed by a radio device carried or worn by the person (e.g., a wristband device or a similar wearable device). In addition, it is noted that Figure 3The UE shown in is merely exemplary, and in the illustrated concept, other types of V2X communication devices or D2D communication devices may also be utilized, for example, V2X communication devices based on RSU (roadside unit) or other infrastructure, V2X communication devices based on aircraft (such as airplanes or helicopters), based on spacecraft, based on trains or train carriages, based on ships, based on motorcycles, based on bicycles, based on mobile scooters, or based on any other type of mobile or transportation device. V2X communication may also involve utilizing the illustrated mechanisms and procedures to enable DRX operations for V2X communication between D2D communication devices 10, thereby improving the energy efficiency of V2X communication.

[0048] Figure 4 An exemplary D2D communication scenario is shown. In particular, Figure 4 A plurality of D2D communication devices 10 are shown connected to each other via radio links implementing direct wireless links (shown by double-headed arrows). In addition, one of the D2D communication devices 10 is connected to an access node 100 of a wireless communication network via a radio link, for example, to an eNB of LTE technology or a gNB of NR technology. The access node 100 is part of a RAN (Radio Access Network) of the wireless communication network, which typically also includes further access nodes to provide the desired coverage of the wireless communication network. In addition, Figure 4 A core network (CN) 210 of a wireless communication network is shown. The CN 210 may provide connectivity of the D2D communication device 10 to other data networks, for example, through a GW 220 provided in the CN 210. In addition, the CN 210 may also include various nodes for controlling the operation of the D2D communication device 10. Also in this scenario, each of the D2D communication devices 10 may correspond to or include one or more UEs, in particular LTE UEs and NR UEs. At least some of the D2D communication devices 10 may include both LTE UEs and NR UEs.

[0049] The radio link may be used for D2D communication between D2D communication devices 10. In addition, the radio link to the wireless communication network may be used to control or otherwise assist the D2D communication. In addition, D2D communication and / or data communication with the wireless communication network may be used to provide various types of services to the D2D communication device 10, such as voice services, multimedia services, data services, ITS services or similar vehicle management or coordination services, NSPS services, and / or NCIS services. Such services may be based on applications executed on the D2D communication device 10 and / or on a device linked to the D2D communication device 10. Therefore, in the concepts illustrated, the D2D transmission may convey or correspond to a V2X message, an ITS message, or some other type of message related to the service. In addition, Figure 42 shows an application service platform 250 in the CN 210 of the wireless communication network. Figure 4 One or more application servers 300 provided outside the wireless communication network are shown. (One or more) applications executed on the D2D communication device 10 and / or on one or more other devices linked to the D2D communication device 10 can use the radio link with one or more other D2D communication devices 10, the application service platform 250, and / or (one or more) application servers 300, thereby enabling (one or more) corresponding services on the D2D communication device 10. In some scenarios, the services utilized by the D2D communication device 10 may therefore be hosted on the network side, for example, on the application service platform 250 or on (one or more) application servers 300. However, some services may also be network independent, so that they can be utilized without requiring an active data connection to the wireless communication network. This may, for example, apply to certain V2X services or NSPS (National Security and Public Safety) services. Such services may be used in a situation without coverage, but when the D2D communication device 10 is in the coverage of the wireless communication network, it can still get help from the network side, for example, by configuring the D2D communication device 10 for the use of the service. The application service platform 250 and the server(s) 300 may also be considered host computers that host services provided by applications executed on the D2D communication device 10 and utilize DL transmissions, UL transmissions, and / or D2D transmissions. Figure 4 In the scenario, the D2D communication device 10 may apply the DRX operation to the D2D communication to improve energy efficiency.

[0050] exist Figure 4 In the example of FIG. 1 , it is assumed that the D2D communication device 10 is a mobile phone and a vehicle or a vehicle-based communication device, such as a vehicle-mounted or vehicle-integrated communication module, or a smartphone or other user device linked to a vehicle system. However, it is noted that other types of UEs may also be used, such as devices carried by pedestrians, or infrastructure-based devices such as roadside units, as in the example Figure 3 as shown in .

[0051] As mentioned above, in the concepts explained for one or more of the D2D communication devices 10, a configuration for LTE SL transmission (also denoted herein as LTE SL configuration) and a configuration for NR SL transmission (also denoted herein as NR SL configuration) may be defined in a related manner. In the following explanation, it is assumed that the LTE SL configuration defines a configuration with L subch,LTE LTE resource pool of LTE subchannels, where each LTE subchannel consists of L PRBs PRBs, and the NR SL configuration defines a subch,NRNR resource pool of NR subchannels, where each NR subchannel consists of N PRBs The NR SL configuration further defines the PSFCH transmission A set of PRBs, where the number of PRBs used for transmission is N RBs The PRBs used for transmission of the PSFCH are also denoted as PSFCH resources. The relevance of these two configurations can be expressed by the following requirement: In the frequency resources corresponding to each LTE subchannel in the LTE subchannels, there is at least one PSFCH resource, i.e., at least one PRB used for transmission of the PSFCH. Figures 5 to 9 An example of a configuration in which this requirement is satisfied is shown.

[0052] exist Figure 5 In the example of FIG. 1 , the LTE resource pool is represented by L represented by LTE-1, LTE-2, LTE-3, and LTE-4. subch,LTE =4 LTE subchannels. The NR resource pool consists of L represented by NR-1, NR-2, NR-3 and NR-4. subch,NR =4 NR subchannels and PSFCH resources 50. The PSFCH resources 50 are represented by indices 1, 2, 3, 4 indicating the NR subchannels to which they are associated, i.e., the PSFCH resource 50 with index 1 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-1, the PSFCH resource 50 with index 2 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-2, the PSFCH resource 50 with index 3 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-3, and the PSFCH resource 50 with index 4 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-4. In this example, the LTE subchannel and the NR subchannel have the same width and are aligned on frequency f. As can be seen, for each of the LTE subchannels LTE-1, LTE-2, LTE-3, LTE-4, there is an overlapping NR subchannel among the NR subchannels NR-1, NR-2, NR-3, NR-4, which has an associated PSFCH resource 50 in a frequency resource overlapping with the frequency resource of the LTE subchannel. Figure 5 In the example, the number of LTE subchannels and the number of NR subchannels are the same, and the number of PRBs per subchannel is the same for the LTE subchannels and the NR subchannels.

[0053] exist Figure 6 In the example, the LTE resource pool is represented by L represented by LTE-1 and LTE-2. subch,LTE =2 LTE subchannels. The NR resource pool consists of L represented by NR-1, NR-2, NR-3 and NR-4. subch,NR=4 NR subchannels and PSFCH resources 50. The PSFCH resources 50 are represented by indices 1, 2, 3, 4 indicating the NR subchannels to which they are associated, i.e., the PSFCH resource 50 with index 1 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-1, the PSFCH resource 50 with index 2 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-2, the PSFCH resource 50 with index 3 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-3, and the PSFCH resource 50 with index 4 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-4. In this example, the LTE subchannels and the NR subchannels have different widths and are only partially aligned in frequency f, because the upper frequency limit of NR-1 coincides with the upper frequency limit of LTE-1, the lower frequency limit of NR-2 coincides with the lower frequency limit of LTE-1, the upper frequency limit of NR-3 coincides with the upper frequency limit of LTE-2, and the lower frequency limit of NR-4 coincides with the lower frequency limit of LTE-2. As can be seen, for each of the LTE subchannels LTE-1, LTE-2, there is one NR subchannel overlapping the NR subchannels NR-1, NR-2, NR-3, NR-4, which has an associated PSFCH resource 50 in a frequency resource that overlaps with the frequency resource of the LTE subchannel. In this example, the number of LTE subchannels and the number of NR subchannels are different, and the number of PRBs per subchannel is different between the LTE subchannels and the NR subchannels. PSFCH resources 50 are not configured in each of the NR subchannels. Instead, NR-1 contains PSFCH resources 50 for both NR-1 and NR-2, and NR-3 contains PSFCH resources 50 for both NR-3 and NR-4. The latter allows for avoiding frequency segmentation of the NR subchannels to some extent.

[0054] exist Figure 7 In the example of FIG. 1 , the LTE resource pool is represented by L represented by LTE-1, LTE-2, LTE-3, and LTE-4. subch,LTE =4 LTE subchannels. The NR resource pool consists of L represented by NR-1, NR-2, NR-3 and NR-4. subch,NR=4 NR subchannels and PSFCH resources 50. The PSFCH resources 50 are represented by indexes 1, 2, 3, 4 indicating the NR subchannels to which they are associated, i.e., the PSFCH resource 50 with index 1 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-1, the PSFCH resource 50 with index 2 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-2, the PSFCH resource 50 with index 3 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-3, and the PSFCH resource 50 with index 4 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-4. As can be seen, in the frequency resources corresponding to each of these LTE subchannels, the NR SL resource pool configuration defines that there is at least one PSFCH resource associated with each of these NR subchannels. Specifically, in the frequency resources of LTE-1, there are PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-1, PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-2, PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-3, and PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-4. Similarly, in the frequency resources of each of LTE-2, LTE-3, and LTE-4, there are PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-1, PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-2, PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-3, and PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-4. Figure 7 In the example of , the number of LTE subchannels and the number of NR subchannels are the same, and the number of PRBs per subchannel is the same for the LTE subchannels and the NR subchannels. However, other configurations that specify that in the frequency resources corresponding to each of the LTE subchannels, the NR SL resource pool configuration defines that there is at least one PSFCH resource associated with each of the NR subchannels may also be used, for example, Figure 8 as shown in the example.

[0055] exist Figure 8 In the example of FIG. 1 , the LTE resource pool is represented by L represented by LTE-1, LTE-2, LTE-3, and LTE-4. subch,LTE =4 LTE subchannels. The NR resource pool consists of L represented by NR-1, NR-2 and NR-3. subch,NR=3 NR subchannels and PSFCH resources 50. The PSFCH resources 50 are represented by indexes 1, 2, and 3 indicating the NR subchannels to which they are associated, that is, the PSFCH resource 50 with index 1 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-1, the PSFCH resource 50 with index 2 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-2, and the PSFCH resource 50 with index 3 is associated with the NR subchannel NR-3. As can be seen, in the frequency resources corresponding to each of these LTE subchannels, the NR SL resource pool configuration defines that there is at least one PSFCH resource associated with each of these NR subchannels. Specifically, in the frequency resources of LTE-1, there are PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-1, PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-2, and PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-3. Similarly, in the frequency resources of each of LTE-2, LTE-3, and LTE-4, there are PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-1, PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-2, and PSFCH resources 50 associated with NR-3. Figure 7 Compared to the example in Figure 8 In the example of , the number of LTE subchannels and the number of NR subchannels are different, and the number of PRBs per subchannel is different between the LTE subchannels and the NR subchannels. Figure 8 It can also be seen in the example that although the PSFCH resources 50 appear to be irregularly distributed on the NR subchannels, from the perspective of the LTE subchannels, the distribution of PSFCH resources is uniform.

[0056] exist Fig. 9 In the example, the LTE resource pool is represented by L represented by LTE-1 and LTE-2. subch,LTE =2 LTE subchannels. The NR resource pool consists of L represented by NR-1 and NR-2. subch,NR =2 NR subchannels and PSFCH resources 50, 51. PSFCH resources 50, 51 are represented by indexes 1, 2 indicating the NR subchannels to which they are associated, that is, PSFCH resources 50, 51 with index 1 are associated with NR subchannel NR-1, and PSFCH resources 50, 51 with index 2 are associated with NR subchannel NR-2. In this example, the PSFCH resources include different types of PSFCH resources: PSFCH resources 50 for transmission of HARQ acknowledgment information and PSFCH resources 51 for transmission of other feedback (such as conflict information). As can be seen, for each of these LTE subchannels, there is at least one NR subchannel among these NR subchannels, and the at least one NR subchannel has at least one PSFCH resource 50, 51 of each type of frequency resources that overlaps with the frequency resources of the LTE subchannel.

[0057] In the above example, the correlation of the LTE SL configuration and the NR SL configuration requires that for each LTE subchannel, there is at least one PSFCH resource in the frequency resources overlapping with the LTE subchannel, optionally a PSFCH resource of a specific type and / or a PSFCH resource associated with each of the NR subchannels. However, optionally for each type of PSFCH resource and / or a PSFCH resource associated with each of the NR subchannels, the requirement may also require a greater number of PSFCH resources in the frequency resources overlapping with the LTE subchannel. In some cases, the number of required PSFCH resources may be set according to a fixed number. Alternatively, the number of required PSFCH resources may be set according to a minimum limit. In some scenarios, the number of PSFCH resources for each LTE subchannel may also be set depending on the probability of using the PSFCH resource. For example, if the first PSFCH resource has a probability of being used of 1 / 4, and the second and third PSFCH resources have a probability of being used of 1 / 8, the first PSFCH resource may be configured to overlap with the first LTE subchannel, and the second and third PSFCH resources may be configured to overlap with the second LTE subchannel. In this way, the probability of interfering with any of the sub-channels is the same.

[0058] It should be noted that in the above example, the distribution of NR PSFCH resources 50, 51 is done with respect to LTE subchannels, not with respect to NR subchannels. In this way, RSSI measurements performed by an LTE UE are able to detect the presence of PSFCH transmissions if they occur. For example, Figure 5 The RSSI measurements performed on any LTE subchannel among those LTE subchannels in also cover the PSFCH resources. Therefore, if a transmission on this PSFCH resource occurs, the LTE UE will sense the corresponding energy. In contrast, if the PSFCH resources are all configured in the first subchannel (LTE-1), for example for less segmentation of frequency resources, only the RSSI measurements on the first subchannel may reflect the presence of NR PSFCH transmissions. This is undesirable because, based on such sensing, even if the NR PSFCH transmission on one subchannel may adversely affect the PSCCH and / or PSSCH transmissions on another subchannel, the LTE UE will not exclude the corresponding time domain resources on other subchannels.

[0059] Fig.10 A flow chart is shown for illustrating a method that can be used to implement the concepts set forth. Fig.10The method can be used to implement the illustrated concepts in a D2D communication device (e.g., corresponding to any of the D2D communication devices 10 mentioned above). In some scenarios, the D2D communication device can be a vehicle or a vehicle-mounted device, but other types of WDs (e.g., as mentioned above) can also be used.

[0060] If a processor-based implementation of a D2D communication device is used, then Fig.10 At least some of the steps of the method may be executed and / or controlled by one or more processors of the D2D communication device. Such a D2D communication device may also include a memory storing program code, the program code being used to implement Fig.10 At least some of the below-described functionalities or steps of the method.

[0061] In step 1010, the D2D communication device may obtain configuration information. The configuration information may have the purpose of configuring the D2D communication device with respect to the D2D communication. The configuration information may, for example, define the configuration of one or more resource pools. In some scenarios, the D2D communication may receive at least a portion of the configuration information from a node of the wireless communication network (e.g., an access node 100 or a CN node). In such cases, the configuration information may be communicated, for example, via RRC signaling and / or system information broadcast (e.g., in the MIB and / or SIB). In addition, the D2D communication may receive at least a portion of the configuration information from some other source (e.g., equipment used by a manufacturer or distributor to configure the D2D communication device). In addition, at least a portion of the configuration information may be preconfigured in the D2D communication device.

[0062] At step 1020, the D2D communication device performs D2D communication based on a first radio technology (e.g., LTE SL technology). The D2D communication device performs D2D communication on a first radio resource from a first resource pool, the first resource pool comprising a first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the first set of frequency subchannels to detect transmissions by other devices, for example, based on RSSI measurements of each subchannel. The first radio technology may, for example, correspond to an LTE SL technology using Mode 4 resource selection. For example, the first resource pool may be configured based on the configuration information of step 1010.

[0063] At step 1030, the D2D communication device performs D2D communication based on a second radio technology (e.g., NR SL technology). The D2D communication device performs D2D communication on a second radio resource from a second resource pool, and the second resource pool includes a second set of frequency subchannels that at least partially overlap with the first set of frequency subchannels. The D2D communication based on the second radio technology involves the transmission of at least one control signal. The frequency resources used for the transmission of the at least one control signal are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for the transmission of the at least one control signal.

[0064] The D2D communication based on the second radio technology may be performed in time slots defined in the time domain, wherein each of the time slots consists of a number of modulation symbols, such as Figure 2A and Figure 2B In this case, at least one control signal may be transmitted only in a subset of the modulation symbols of a time slot, for example, Figure 2B as shown in .

[0065] The at least one control signal may convey feedback information indicating successful reception of one or more D2D transmissions, for example, HARQ confirmation information. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one control signal may convey conflict information indicating a conflict of one or more resources in the second resource pool. If the second radio technology corresponds to the NR SL technology, the control signal may correspond to the PSFCH. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one control signal may include a reference signal, for example, a reference signal for positioning or a reference signal for acquiring channel state information (CSI).

[0066] In some scenarios, the number of frequency subchannels in the first set is the same as the number of frequency subchannels in the second set, for example Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Fig. 9 Alternatively, the number of frequency subchannels of the first set is different from the number of frequency subchannels of the second set, for example, Figure 6 and Figure 8 as shown in the example.

[0067] In some scenarios, the frequency subchannels of the first set have a first width in the frequency domain, and those frequency subchannels of the second set have a second width in the frequency domain that is the same as the first width, e.g. Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Fig. 9 Alternatively, the first width and the second width may be different, for example, Figure 6 and Figure 8 as shown in the example.

[0068] In some scenarios, the distribution of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal may be based on configuring some frequency resources for each frequency subchannel of the first set. In addition, the distribution of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal may be based on configuring a minimum number of frequency resources for each frequency subchannel of the first set.

[0069] In some scenarios, at least one control signal may include different types of control signals, for example, a control signal for conveying feedback information (such as HARQ confirmation information), a control signal for conveying conflict information, and / or one or more types of reference signals (for example, a positioning reference signal or a reference signal for acquiring CSI). The frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal of the second radio technology may be distributed as follows, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set includes at least one frequency resource for each type, for example, at least one frequency resource for transmission of feedback information and at least one frequency resource for transmission of conflict information.

[0070] In some scenarios, the same number of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal is contained in each frequency subchannel of the first set of frequency subchannels. Alternatively, for example, depending on the probability of use of the frequency resources, the number of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal contained in each frequency subchannel of the first set of frequency subchannels may vary between the frequency subchannels of the first set. Therefore, in some scenarios, the distribution of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal may be based on the probability of use of the frequency resources, for example, in the following manner: the number of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal per frequency subchannel of the first set decreases as the probability of use of the frequency resources increases.

[0071] Fig.11 A flow chart is shown for illustrating a method that can be used to implement the concepts set forth. Fig.11 The method can be used to implement the illustrated concepts in a device for configuring D2D communication. Such a device may correspond to a node of a wireless communication network, for example, a node corresponding to the access node 100 or CN 210 mentioned above, or a distributed function implemented by multiple nodes of a wireless communication network. Alternatively, such a device may be a dedicated configuration or programming system deployed by a manufacturer or distributor of D2D communication devices.

[0072] If a processor-based implementation of this device is used, Fig.11 At least some of the steps of the method may be executed and / or controlled by one or more processors of the device. Such a node may also include a memory storing program code, the program code being used to implement Fig.11 At least some of the below-described functionalities or steps of the method.

[0073] At step 1110, a first resource pool is configured for at least one D2D communication device (e.g., at least one of the D2D communication devices 10 mentioned above) for selection of a first radio resource for D2D communication based on a first radio technology (e.g., LTE SL technology). The first resource pool includes a first set of frequency subchannels. Selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions by other devices, for example, based on RSSI measurements of each subchannel. The first radio technology may, for example, correspond to an LTE SL technology using Mode 4 resource selection.

[0074] At step 1120, a second resource pool is configured for at least one D2D communication device for selection of a second radio resource for D2D communication based on a second radio technology. The second resource pool includes a second set of frequency subchannels that at least partially overlap with the first set of frequency subchannels. The D2D communication based on the second radio technology involves the transmission of at least one control signal. The frequency resources for the transmission of the at least one control signal are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, such that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource for the transmission of the at least one control signal.

[0075] The first resource pool and the second resource pool may be configured in the same D2D communication device, for example, in a D2D communication device that supports both the first radio technology and the second radio technology. However, it is also possible to configure the first resource pool in one or more D2D communication devices that support the first radio technology, and configure the second resource pool in one or more D2D communication devices that support the second radio technology.

[0076] The D2D communication based on the second radio technology may be organized in time slots defined in the time domain, wherein each of the time slots consists of a number of modulation symbols, such as Figure 2A and Figure 2B In this case, at least one control signal may be transmitted only in a subset of the modulation symbols of a time slot, for example, Figure 2B as shown in .

[0077] The at least one control signal may convey feedback information indicating successful reception of one or more D2D transmissions, for example, HARQ confirmation information. Alternatively or additionally, the at least one control signal may convey conflict information indicating a conflict of one or more resources in the second resource pool. If the second radio technology corresponds to the NR SL technology, the control signal may correspond to the PSFCH. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one control signal may include a reference signal, for example, a reference signal for positioning or a reference signal for acquiring CSI.

[0078] In some scenarios, the number of frequency subchannels in the first set is the same as the number of frequency subchannels in the second set, for example Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Fig. 9 Alternatively, the number of frequency subchannels of the first set is different from the number of frequency subchannels of the second set, for example, Figure 6 and Figure 8 as shown in the example.

[0079] In some scenarios, the frequency subchannels of the first set have a first width in the frequency domain, and those frequency subchannels of the second set have a second width in the frequency domain that is the same as the first width, e.g. Figure 5 , Figure 7 and Fig. 9 Alternatively, the first width and the second width may be different, for example, Figure 6 and Figure 8 as shown in the example.

[0080] In some scenarios, the distribution of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal may be based on configuring some frequency resources for each frequency subchannel of the first set. In addition, the distribution of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal may be based on configuring a minimum number of frequency resources for each frequency subchannel of the first set.

[0081] In some scenarios, at least one control signal may include different types of control signals, for example, a control signal for conveying feedback information (such as HARQ confirmation information), a control signal for conveying conflict information, and / or one or more types of reference signals (for example, a positioning reference signal or a reference signal for acquiring CSI). The frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal of the second radio technology may be distributed as follows, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set includes at least one frequency resource for each type, for example, at least one frequency resource for transmission of feedback information and at least one frequency resource for transmission of conflict information.

[0082] In some scenarios, the same number of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal is contained in each frequency subchannel of the first set of frequency subchannels. Alternatively, for example, depending on the probability of use of the frequency resources, the number of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal contained in each frequency subchannel of the first set of frequency subchannels may vary between the frequency subchannels of the first set. Therefore, in some scenarios, the distribution of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal may be based on the probability of use of the frequency resources, for example, in the following manner: the number of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal per frequency subchannel of the first set decreases as the probability of use of the frequency resources increases.

[0083] At step 1130, configuration information may be provided to at least one D2D communication device. The configuration information may have the purpose of configuring at least one D2D communication device with respect to D2D communication. The configuration information may, for example, define a configuration of the first resource pool and / or the second resource pool, in particular a distribution of frequency resources for transmission of at least one control signal.

[0084] Fig.12 1 shows a processor-based implementation of a D2D communication device 1200 that can be used to implement the concepts described above. Fig.12 The structure shown in can be used to implement the concepts in any of the D2D communication devices 10 mentioned above.

[0085] As shown, the D2D communication device 1200 includes one or more radio interfaces 1210. The (one or more) radio interfaces 1210 may be based on NR technology or LTE technology, for example. However, other radio technologies, such as WLAN or Bluetooth, may also be used. The (one or more) radio interfaces 1210 may support D2D communications based on different radio technologies (e.g., using LTE SL and NRSL).

[0086] In addition, the D2D communication device 1200 may include one or more processors 1250 coupled to the (one or more) radio interface 1210 and a memory 1260 coupled to the (one or more) processors 1250. As an example, the (one or more) radio interface 1210, the (one or more) processors 1250 and the memory 1260 may be coupled via one or more internal bus systems of the D2D communication device 1200. The memory 1260 may include a read-only memory (ROM) (e.g., a flash ROM), a random access memory (RAM) (e.g., a dynamic RAM (DRAM) or a static RAM (SRAM)), a large-capacity storage device (e.g., a hard disk or a solid-state disk), etc. As shown, the memory 1260 may include software 1270 and / or firmware 1280. The memory 1260 may include appropriately configured program code to be executed by the (one or more) processors 1250 in order to implement (such as in conjunction with Fig.10 The above-mentioned functionality explained) is used to control D2D communication.

[0087] To understand, Fig.12 The structure shown in is merely schematic, and the D2D communication device 1200 may actually include additional components that have not been shown for clarity, such as an internal clock, additional interfaces, or additional processors. It is also understood that the memory 1260 may include additional program code for implementing known functionality of the UE. According to some embodiments, a computer program may also be provided for implementing the functionality of the wireless communication device 1200, for example, in the form of a physical medium storing program code and / or other data to be stored in the memory 1260, or by making the program code available for download or by streaming.

[0088] Fig.13 1 shows a processor-based implementation of a device 1300 for configuring D2D communication. In some scenarios, the device may correspond to a node of a wireless communication network, such as an access node or a CN node mentioned above. Fig.13 The structure shown in may be used to implement the above-mentioned concepts in the access node 100 or a node of the CN 210. Alternatively, the apparatus 1300 may be a dedicated configuration or programming system deployed by a manufacturer or distributor of the D2D communication device.

[0089] As shown, the device 1300 may include one or more radio interfaces 1310. The radio interface(s) 1310 may be based on NR technology or LTE technology, for example. The radio interface(s) 1310 may be used to control or configure a wireless communication device, such as any of the D2D communication devices 10 mentioned above. In addition, the device 1300 may include one or more network interfaces 1320. The network interface(s) 1320 may be used, for example, to communicate with one or more other nodes in a wireless communication network.

[0090] In addition, the device 1300 may include one or more processors 1350 coupled to the (one or more) interfaces 1310, 1320 and a memory 1360 coupled to the (one or more) processors 1350. As an example, the (one or more) interfaces 1310, the (one or more) processors 1350 and the memory 1360 may be coupled through one or more internal bus systems of the device 1300. The memory 1360 may include a ROM (e.g., a flash ROM), a RAM (e.g., a DRAM or an SRAM), a mass storage device (e.g., a hard disk or a solid-state disk), etc. As shown, the memory 1360 may include software 1370 and / or firmware 1380. The memory 1360 may include appropriately configured program code to be executed by the (one or more) processors 1350 in order to implement (such as in conjunction with Fig.11 The above-mentioned functionality explained) is used to control D2D communication.

[0091] To understand, Fig.13 The structure shown in is merely schematic, and the device 1300 may actually include additional components that have not been shown for clarity, for example, additional interfaces (such as a dedicated configuration interface) or additional processors. It is also understood that the memory 1360 may include additional program code for implementing known functionality of an eNB, gNB or similar access node or CN node. According to some embodiments, a computer program may also be provided for implementing the functionality of the device 1300, for example, in the form of a physical medium storing program code and / or other data to be stored in the memory 1360, or by making the program code available for download or provided by streaming.

[0092] As can be seen, the concepts as described above can be used to improve the coexistence of different radio technologies (such as LTE SL and NR SL) for D2D communications. By distributing PSFCH resources on different LTE subchannels, the following benefits can be obtained: for LTE subframes overlapping with NR slots configured with PSFCH resources, on average, the RSSI measurement on each LTE subchannel also detects the impact of PSFCH transmissions performed by NR UEs. Therefore, it can be avoided that some LTE subchannels have RSSI measurements that reflect interference from PSFCH transmissions, while some LTE subchannels do not. As a result, existing sensing procedures will exclude all resources in LTE subframes that overlap with NR slots configured with PSFCH resources being utilized. The chance of LTE TX UEs utilizing LTE subframes that overlap with NR slots with utilized PSFCH resources is reduced. This in turn improves the reliability of LTE SL communications. In addition, it can be achieved that for LTE subframes overlapping with NR slots configured with PSFCH resources, the same level of interference is experienced on average on each LTE subchannel.

[0093] It is to be understood that the examples and embodiments as explained above are merely illustrative and are susceptible to various modifications. For example, the concepts illustrated can be applied in combination with various types of radio technologies and D2D communications, without being limited to the SL mode of LTE technology or NR technology, for example, in combination with WLAN technology or other wireless ad hoc network technologies. In addition, the concepts can be applied to various types of D2D communication devices. In addition, it is to be understood that the above concepts can be implemented by using correspondingly designed software to be executed by one or more processors of an existing device or equipment, or by using dedicated device hardware. In addition, it should be noted that the devices or apparatuses shown can each be implemented as a single device or as a system of multiple interactive devices or modules.

Claims

1. A method performed by a device-to-device (D2D) communication device (10; 1200), the method comprising: performing D2D communication based on a first radio technology on a first radio resource from a first resource pool, the first resource pool comprising a first set of frequency subchannels, wherein selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions by other devices; performing D2D communication based on a second radio technology on a second radio resource from a second resource pool, the second resource pool comprising a second set of frequency subchannels, wherein the D2D communication based on the second radio technology comprises transmission of at least one control signal, and wherein the second set of frequency subchannels at least partially overlaps with the first set of frequency subchannels, The frequency resources (50, 51) used for the transmission of the at least one control signal are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource (50, 51) used for the transmission of the at least one control signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, in, performing the D2D communication based on the second radio technology in time slots defined in the time domain, wherein each of the time slots consists of a number of modulation symbols, and Therein, the at least one control signal is transmitted only in a subset of the modulation symbols in the time slot.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, in, The at least one control signal conveys feedback information indicating successful reception of one or more D2D transmissions.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The at least one control signal communicates conflict information indicating that one or more resources in the second resource pool conflict.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The second radio technology corresponds to New Radio Direct Link NR SL technology, and the control signal corresponds to a Physical Direct Link Feedback Channel PSFCH.

6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The at least one control signal comprises a reference signal.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The first radio technology corresponds to Long Term Evolution Direct Link (LTE SL) technology.

8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The number of the frequency subchannels of the first set is the same as the number of the frequency subchannels of the second set.

9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, in, The number of the frequency subchannels of the first set is different from the number of the frequency subchannels of the second set.

10. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The frequency subchannels of the first set have a first width in the frequency domain, and the frequency subchannels of the second set have a second width in the frequency domain that is the same as the first width.

11. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, in, The frequency subchannels of the first set have a first width in the frequency domain, and the frequency subchannels of the second set have a second width in the frequency domain that is different from the first width.

12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The distribution of the frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmission of the at least one control signal is based on configuring some of the frequency resources (50, 51) per frequency subchannel of the first set.

13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The distribution of the frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmission of the at least one control signal is based on configuring a minimum number of the frequency resources (50, 51) per frequency subchannel of the first set.

14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, Each of the frequency subchannels of the first set contains the same number of the frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmission of the at least one control signal.

15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmission of at least one control signal of the second radio technology are distributed such that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource (50) for transmission of feedback information and at least one frequency resource (51) for transmission of conflicting information.

16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, in, The distribution of the frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmission of the at least one control signal is based on a probability of use of the frequency resources (50, 51).

17. The method according to claim 16, in, The number of the frequency resources (50, 51) used for the transmission of the at least one control signal in each frequency subchannel of the first set decreases as the probability of use of the frequency resources (50, 51) increases.

18. A method for controlling device-to-device (D2D) communication, the method comprising: A first resource pool is configured for at least one D2D communication device (10; 1200) for selecting a first radio resource for D2D communication based on a first radio technology, and a second resource pool is configured for selecting a second radio resource for D2D communication based on a second radio technology, wherein the first resource pool comprises a first set of frequency subchannels, and the second resource pool comprises a second set of frequency subchannels that at least partially overlap with the first set of frequency subchannels, wherein selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions by other devices, and The frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmitting at least one control signal of the second radio technology are distributed in frequency depending on a first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource (50, 51) used for transmitting the at least one control signal.

19. The method according to claim 20, in, organizing the D2D communication based on the second radio technology in time slots defined in the time domain, wherein each of the time slots consists of a number of modulation symbols, and Therein, the at least one control signal is transmitted only in a subset of the modulation symbols in the time slot.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, in, The at least one control signal conveys feedback information indicating successful reception of one or more D2D transmissions.

21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, in, The at least one control signal communicates conflict information indicating that one or more resources in the second resource pool conflict.

22. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 21, in, The second radio technology corresponds to New Radio Direct Link NR SL technology, and the control signal corresponds to a Physical Direct Link Feedback Channel PSFCH.

23. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 22, in, The at least one control signal comprises a reference signal.

24. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 23, in, The first radio technology corresponds to Long Term Evolution Direct Link (LTE SL) technology.

25. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 24, in, The number of the frequency subchannels of the first set is the same as the number of the frequency subchannels of the second set.

26. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 24, in, The number of the frequency subchannels of the first set is different from the number of the frequency subchannels of the second set.

27. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 26, in, The frequency subchannels of the first set have a first width in the frequency domain, and the frequency subchannels of the second set have a second width in the frequency domain that is the same as the first width.

28. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 26, in, The frequency subchannels of the first set have a first width in the frequency domain, and the frequency subchannels of the second set have a second width in the frequency domain that is different from the first width.

29. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 28, in, The distribution of the frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmission of the at least one control signal is based on configuring some of the frequency resources (50, 51) per frequency subchannel of the first set.

30. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 29, in, The distribution of the frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmission of the at least one control signal is based on configuring a minimum number of the frequency resources (50, 51) per frequency subchannel of the first set.

31. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 30, in, Each of the frequency subchannels of the first set contains the same number of the frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmission of the at least one control signal.

32. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 31, in, The frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmission of at least one control signal of the second radio technology are distributed such that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource (50) for transmission of feedback information and at least one frequency resource (51) for transmission of conflicting information.

33. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 32, in, The distribution of the frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmission of the at least one control signal is based on a probability of use of the frequency resources (50, 51).

34. The method according to claim 33, in, The number of the frequency resources (50, 51) used for the transmission of the at least one control signal in each frequency subchannel of the first set decreases as the probability of use of the frequency resources increases.

35. A D2D communication device (10; 1200), the D2D communication device (10; 1200) being adapted to: - performing D2D communication based on a first radio technology on a first radio resource from a first resource pool, the first resource pool comprising a first set of frequency subchannels, wherein, selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions by other devices; - performing D2D communication based on a second radio technology on a second radio resource from a second resource pool, the second resource pool comprising a second set of frequency subchannels, wherein the D2D communication based on the second radio technology comprises transmission of at least one control signal, and wherein the second set of frequency subchannels at least partially overlaps with the first set of frequency subchannels, The frequency resources used for transmission of the at least one control signal are distributed in frequency depending on the first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource used for transmission of the at least one control signal.

36. The D2D communication device (10; 1200) according to claim 35, in, The D2D communication device (10; 1200) is adapted to perform a method according to any one of claims 2 to 17.

37. A device (100; 1300) for configuring D2D communication, the device (100; 1300) being adapted to: - configuring a first resource pool for at least one D2D communication device (10; 1200) for selecting a first radio resource for D2D communication based on a first radio technology, and configuring a second resource pool for selecting a second radio resource for D2D communication based on a second radio technology, in, The first resource pool comprises a first set of frequency subchannels, and the second resource pool comprises a second set of frequency subchannels at least partially overlapping the first set of frequency subchannels, wherein selecting the first radio resource from the first resource pool is based on sensing the frequency subchannels of the first set to detect transmissions by other devices, and The frequency resources (50, 51) used for transmitting at least one control signal of the second radio technology are distributed in frequency depending on a first set of frequency subchannels, so that each frequency subchannel of the first set contains at least one frequency resource (50, 51) used for transmitting the at least one control signal.

38. The device (100; 1300) according to claim 37, in, The device (100; 1300) is adapted to perform a method according to any one of claims 19 to 34.

39. A computer program or a computer program product comprising program code to be executed by at least one processor (1250) of a D2D communication device (10; 1200), whereby execution of the program code causes the D2D communication device (10; 1200) to perform a method according to any one of claims 1 to 17.

40. A computer program or a computer program product comprising program code to be executed by at least one processor of a device (100; 1300) for configuring D2D communication, whereby execution of the program code causes the device (100; 1300) to perform a method according to any one of claims 18 to 34.

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