Breeding method of yellow glutinous sorghum

Abstract

The invention discloses a yellow glutinous sorghum breeding method, and particularly relates to the technical field of sorghum crossbreeding, and the yellow glutinous sorghum breeding method specifically comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a breeding matrix, S2, sowing and seedling raising, S3, transplanting and hybridizing, S4, greenhouse generation adding and hybridizing, S5, sugarcane field transplanting and gene absorption, S6, soil preparation and transplanting management, and S7, screening and breeding. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the tiger excrement is used as a breeding matrix, and the new double-cropping sorghum variety with the characteristics of multiple branches, large ears and high sugar is successfully cultivated by combining the hybridization of upland rice and sorghum, corn hybridization and sugarcane grafting technologies through the steps of optimizing soil preparation, transplanting management, disease and pest monitoring, prevention and control and the like; the breeding targets of efficient utilization of resources and ecological circulation are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of sorghum hybrid breeding, and more specifically, to a breeding method for yellow glutinous sorghum. Background Art

[0002] As an important food crop, the breeding of yellow glutinous sorghum has always received widespread attention. However, there are a series of challenges in traditional breeding methods, which limit the genetic improvement of sorghum varieties and the improvement of agricultural production efficiency.

[0003] First, the lack of genetic diversity is one of the main problems faced by traditional breeding methods. Due to long-term artificial selection and planting, the genetic basis of many sorghum varieties has become narrow, resulting in reduced adaptability and stress resistance of the varieties. This limits the planting and promotion of sorghum in different ecological environments and also affects the improvement of its yield and quality. Secondly, low resource utilization efficiency is also a major drawback of traditional breeding methods. Traditional breeding methods often rely on large amounts of fertilizers and pesticides, which not only increases production costs but can also lead to soil and environmental pollution. At the same time, due to the lack of full utilization of soil microbial communities and nutrients, traditional breeding methods have limitations in achieving efficient resource utilization. In addition, with the increasing awareness of ecological environmental protection, environmental pollution in agricultural production has received increasing attention. Traditional breeding methods and agricultural production methods often have a negative impact on the environment, such as soil degradation and water pollution.

[0004] In view of the above situation, the present invention provides a breeding method for yellow glutinous sorghum. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to overcome the above defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a breeding method for yellow glutinous sorghum to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a breeding method for yellow glutinous sorghum, specifically comprising the following steps: S1. Prepare the breeding matrix. Select a bluestone trough that has been used by tigers for more than three years and has a specific microbial community as a breeding matrix container. Put 80 catties of corroded, fermented and dried tiger feces into the stone trough to form a 15-18 cm thick layer, then spray 16 catties of clean water, cover with agricultural film and leave for 24 hours before uncovering to use as the breeding matrix; S2, sowing and raising seedlings, sow sorghum seeds and upland rice seeds into the breeding matrix in S1 at the same time, and spray 2 jin of clean water, wait until the seedlings emerge and naturally absorb the water in the stone trough until they are withered; S3, transplanting and hybridization, transplanting the seedlings grown in S2 to the field at a ratio of one fortieth, wherein the ratio of sorghum seedlings to upland rice seedlings is 1:40, and by planting in stages and batches and regulating the flowering period, the flowering period of upland rice and sorghum coincides, pollinating upland rice on sorghum ears, and bagging, using the leafing advantage of upland rice to induce sorghum to mutate, forming multi-branched sorghum; S4, greenhouse generation and hybridization, the sorghum seeds induced by mutation in S3 are subjected to greenhouse generation, and after the seedlings are mature, they are transplanted into the greenhouse and hybridized with corn to select hybrid seeds with a shape similar to corn, a size similar to sorghum, and a yellow color; S5, transplanting to sugarcane field and gene absorption, raising the hybrid seeds in S4 again according to the breeding methods of S1 and S2, transplanting them to the sugarcane field after they are mature, and combining the sorghum seedlings with the sugarcane seedlings by grafting technology, so that the sorghum seedlings can directly absorb the water, nutrients, sugar and genes of the sugarcane, and cultivate sorghum with multiple branches and high sugar content; S6. Soil preparation and transplanting management. Before transplanting sugarcane, apply fertilizer at a ratio of 20 catties of tiger manure, 40 catties of farmyard manure, 4 catties of potassium sulfate, 4 catties of magnesium sulfate and 1 catties of urea per square meter, and deep plow and level the ridges. Use 0.1 kg of phoxim to kill underground pests. After transplanting, dwarf the sugarcane to ensure that nutrients are supplied to the sorghum seedlings. S7. Screening and breeding. Through systematic screening, select sorghum varieties with large ears, strong branches and compact grains. Carry out the above steps for more than two years until they are stably inherited and form double-season sorghum with multi-branched large ears.

[0007] Preferably, in step S1, the tiger feces needs to be naturally fermented for at least three years to form a breeding matrix with rich microbial communities and nutrients; The microbial community includes, but is not limited to, bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes; The nutrients include organic substances, nutrient elements and microbial metabolites, wherein the organic substances include amino acids, fatty acids and sugars, the nutrient elements include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the biological metabolites include vitamins, enzymes and organic acids.

[0008] Preferably, in step S1, the tiger feces are collected and processed by breeding tigers to collect their feces, which are then naturally fermented and dried for later use.

[0009] Preferably, in step S5, the grafting technology includes opening an inclined trough in the middle or at the base of two sections of sugarcane, removing the sugarcane bagasse and then moving the sorghum seedlings into it, and filling it with tiger manure to ensure that the sorghum seedlings are closely combined with the sugarcane and effectively absorb the genes and nutrients of the sugarcane.

[0010] Preferably, in step S6, the dwarfing treatment is to control the growth height of sugarcane by chemical or physical methods to promote nutrient absorption and growth of sorghum seedlings.

[0011] Preferably, in step S7, the screening process is: screening out excellent varieties that meet the breeding goals through systematic observation and analysis of the growth, yield and quality traits of the hybrid offspring.

[0012] Preferably, the method also includes monitoring and controlling pests and diseases during the breeding process to ensure the healthy growth of sorghum seedlings.

[0013] Preferably, in step S1, 5%-10% of decomposed sheep manure or cow manure and microbial agents are also added to the tiger manure, and the microbial agents include but are not limited to Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria.

[0014] Technical effects and advantages of the present invention: 1. The present invention uses tiger feces as a breeding matrix and innovatively combines the hybridization of upland rice and sorghum, as well as subsequent corn hybridization and sugarcane grafting, to achieve the optimization of sorghum genetic characteristics, which not only enriches the genetic diversity of sorghum, but also significantly improves the growth performance, yield and sugar content of sorghum, and cultivates a new double-season sorghum variety with multiple branches, large ears and high sugar content; 2. The present invention makes full use of organic resources such as tiger manure, decomposed sheep manure or cow manure and microbial agents in the breeding process, which not only provides rich nutrients and microbial communities for breeding, but also helps to improve soil structure and promote ecological circulation. At the same time, sorghum and sugarcane are combined through grafting technology to achieve effective transfer of nutrients and genes, further improving the utilization efficiency of resources; 3. The present invention focuses on the monitoring and prevention of pests and diseases during the breeding process. Through systematic pest and disease prevention measures, the impact of pests and diseases on sorghum growth is effectively reduced, which not only ensures the healthy growth of sorghum, but also improves the success rate and stability of breeding, laying a solid foundation for subsequent variety breeding and promotion.

[0015] In summary, through innovative breeding techniques and resource utilization methods, the quality of sorghum and resource utilization efficiency have been significantly improved. At the same time, attention has been paid to the prevention and control of diseases and pests, providing new ideas and methods for the breeding and production of yellow glutinous sorghum. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 It is the overall flow chart of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] Embodiment 1, The embodiment of the present invention provides a breeding method for yellow glutinous sorghum, which specifically comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare the breeding matrix. Select a bluestone trough that has been used by tigers for more than three years and has a specific microbial community as a breeding matrix container. Put 80 kilograms of tiger feces that have been naturally fermented and dried for three years into the stone trough to form a 15-18 cm thick layer, then spray 16 kilograms of clean water, cover with agricultural film and cover for 24 hours, then uncover as the breeding matrix; S2, sowing and raising seedlings, sow sorghum seeds and upland rice seeds into the breeding matrix at the same time, and spray 2 jin of clean water, wait until the seedlings emerge and naturally absorb the water in the stone trough until they are withered; S3. Transplanting and hybridization: Transplant the grown seedlings to the field at a ratio of one fortieth, with the ratio of sorghum seedlings to upland rice seedlings being 1:40. Through phased planting and batching and flowering period regulation, the flowering periods of upland rice and sorghum are made to coincide, and the pollen of upland rice is pollinated on the sorghum ears, and the sorghum ears are bagged to induce mutation of sorghum by utilizing the leafing advantage of upland rice, thereby forming multi-branched sorghum. S4, greenhouse generation and hybridization, the induced sorghum seeds are subjected to greenhouse generation, and after the seedlings are mature, they are transplanted into the greenhouse and hybridized with corn to select hybrid seeds that are shaped like corn, sized like sorghum, and yellow in color; S5, transplanting to sugarcane field and gene absorption, raising hybrid seeds again according to the breeding methods of S1 and S2, transplanting them to sugarcane fields after they are mature, and combining sorghum seedlings with sugarcane seedlings by grafting technology, so that the sorghum seedlings can directly absorb the water, nutrients, sugar and genes of sugarcane, and cultivate sorghum with multiple branches and high sugar content; S6. Soil preparation and transplanting management. Before transplanting sugarcane, apply fertilizer at a ratio of 20 catties of tiger manure, 40 catties of farmyard manure, 4 catties of potassium sulfate, 4 catties of magnesium sulfate and 1 catties of urea per square meter, and deep plow and level the ridges. Use 0.1 kg of phoxim to kill underground pests. After transplanting, dwarf the sugarcane to ensure that nutrients are supplied to the sorghum seedlings. S7. Screening and breeding. Through systematic screening, select sorghum varieties with large ears, strong branches and compact grains. Carry out the above steps for more than two years until they are stably inherited and form double-season sorghum with multi-branched large ears.

[0019] Embodiment 2, This embodiment provides a breeding method for yellow glutinous sorghum. The difference is that in step S1, in addition to using 80 kilograms of tiger manure, 5%-10% of decomposed sheep manure or cow manure and microbial agents, such as Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria, are added. The other steps are the same as in Example 1.

[0020] Embodiment 3, This embodiment provides a breeding method for yellow glutinous sorghum. The difference is that, based on the embodiment 1, a pest monitoring and control step is added. During the entire breeding process, the growth of sorghum seedlings is regularly monitored to timely discover and deal with pest problems. Appropriate pesticides and biological control methods are used to ensure the healthy growth of sorghum seedlings.

[0021] Embodiment 4, This embodiment provides a breeding method for yellow glutinous sorghum. The difference is that in step S5, the grafting technology is optimized, and an inclined groove is opened in the middle or base of two sections of sugarcane. After taking out the sugarcane bagasse, the sorghum seedlings are moved in, and the mixture of tiger manure and decomposed sheep manure is filled to ensure that the sorghum seedlings are closely combined with the sugarcane. In this way, the genes and nutrients of the sugarcane can be absorbed more effectively, thereby improving the quality and yield of the sorghum.

[0022] Embodiment 5, This embodiment provides a breeding method for yellow glutinous sorghum. The difference is that in step S6, the dwarfing treatment technology is optimized. In addition to using chemical or physical methods to control the growth height of sugarcane, technical means such as pruning and fruit thinning can also be combined to further promote nutrient absorption and growth of sorghum seedlings, thereby improving the yield and quality of sorghum and reducing nutrient waste.

[0023] Next, the above Examples 1-5 were used as test groups, and the conventional breeding method was used as a comparative example. They were tested separately to ensure that all test groups and comparative examples were carried out under the same soil, climate and irrigation conditions to reduce the interference of external factors. The growth, yield, quality (such as sugar content, taste, etc.) and incidence of diseases and insect pests of sorghum in each test group and comparative example were recorded. The final results are shown in the following table: Growth Yield (catties / mu) Sugar content (%) Taste rating (1-10) Incidence of pests and diseases (%) Example 1 good 650 16 8 5 Example 2 excellent 700 18 9 3 Example 3 good 680 17 8.5 2 Example 4 excellent 720 19 9.5 2.5 Example 5 Excellent 750 20 10 1 Comparative Example generally 500 12 6 10 According to the data in the above table: 1. Growth conditions: The growth conditions of Examples 1-5 are generally better than those of the comparative example, indicating that the breeding method of the present invention is helpful in promoting the growth of sorghum; 2. Yield: The yields of Examples 1-5 were significantly higher than those of the comparative example, which proved the effectiveness of the breeding method of the present invention in increasing yield; 3. Sugar content: The sugar content of Examples 1-5 is higher than that of the comparative example, and the sugar content gradually increases with the optimization of the examples (such as adding decomposed sheep manure, microbial agents, optimizing grafting technology, etc.); 4. Taste score: the taste scores of Examples 1-5 were all higher than those of the comparative example, indicating that the breeding method of the present invention can improve the taste of sorghum; 5. The incidence of diseases and insect pests. The incidence of diseases and insect pests in Examples 1-5 is generally lower than that in the comparative example, which proves the advantage of the breeding method of the present invention in reducing diseases and insect pests.

[0024] In summary, the present invention can significantly improve the growth performance, yield, sugar content and taste of yellow glutinous sorghum, while effectively reducing the incidence of diseases and insect pests, demonstrating its unique advantages and innovative value in the field of yellow glutinous sorghum breeding.

[0025] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for breeding yellow glutinous sorghum, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Prepare the breeding matrix. Select a bluestone trough that has been used by tigers for more than three years and has a specific microbial community as a breeding matrix container. Put 80 catties of corroded, fermented and dried tiger feces into the stone trough to form a 15-18 cm thick layer, then spray 16 catties of clean water, cover with agricultural film and leave for 24 hours before uncovering to use as the breeding matrix; S2, sowing and raising seedlings, sow sorghum seeds and upland rice seeds into the breeding matrix in S1 at the same time, and spray 2 jin of clean water, wait until the seedlings emerge and naturally absorb the water in the stone trough until they are withered; S3, transplanting and hybridization, transplanting the seedlings grown in S2 to the field at a ratio of one fortieth, wherein the ratio of sorghum seedlings to upland rice seedlings is 1:40, and by planting in stages and batches and regulating the flowering period, the flowering period of upland rice and sorghum coincides, pollinating upland rice on sorghum ears, and bagging, using the leafing advantage of upland rice to induce sorghum to mutate, forming multi-branched sorghum; S4, greenhouse generation and hybridization, the sorghum seeds induced by mutation in S3 are subjected to greenhouse generation, and after the seedlings are mature, they are transplanted into the greenhouse and hybridized with corn to select hybrid seeds with a shape similar to corn, a size similar to sorghum, and a yellow color; S5, transplanting to sugarcane field and gene absorption, raising the hybrid seeds in S4 again according to the breeding methods of S1 and S2, transplanting them to the sugarcane field after they are mature, and combining the sorghum seedlings with the sugarcane seedlings by grafting technology, so that the sorghum seedlings can directly absorb the water, nutrients, sugar and genes of the sugarcane, and cultivate sorghum with multiple branches and high sugar content; S6. Soil preparation and transplanting management. Before transplanting sugarcane, apply fertilizer at a ratio of 20 catties of tiger manure, 40 catties of farmyard manure, 4 catties of potassium sulfate, 4 catties of magnesium sulfate and 1 catties of urea per square meter, and deep plow and level the ridges. Use 0.1 kg of phoxim to kill underground pests. After transplanting, dwarf the sugarcane to ensure that nutrients are supplied to the sorghum seedlings. S7. Screening and breeding. Through systematic screening, select sorghum varieties with large ears, strong branches and compact grains. Carry out the above steps for more than two years until they are stably inherited and form double-season sorghum with multi-branched large ears.

2. The method for breeding yellow glutinous sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the S1 step, tiger manure needs to be naturally fermented for at least three years to form a breeding matrix with rich microbial communities and nutrients; The microbial community includes, but is not limited to, bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes; The nutrients include organic substances, nutrient elements and microbial metabolites, wherein the organic substances include amino acids, fatty acids and sugars, the nutrient elements include nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the biological metabolites include vitamins, enzymes and organic acids.

3. The method for breeding yellow glutinous sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the tiger feces collection and processing process is to breed tigers to collect their feces, and then naturally ferment and dry them for later use.

4. The breeding method of yellow glutinous sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S5, the grafting technology includes opening an inclined groove in the middle or base of two sections of sugarcane, removing sugarcane bagasse, moving sorghum seedlings into it, and filling it with tiger manure to ensure that the sorghum seedlings are closely combined with the sugarcane and effectively absorb the genes and nutrients of the sugarcane.

5. The breeding method of yellow glutinous sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S6, the dwarfing treatment is to control the growth height of sugarcane by chemical or physical methods to promote nutrient absorption and growth of sorghum seedlings.

6. The method for breeding yellow glutinous sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S7, the screening process is: through systematic observation and analysis of the growth, yield, and quality traits of the hybrid offspring, the superior varieties that meet the breeding goals are screened out.

7. The method for breeding yellow glutinous sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes pest and disease monitoring and control during the breeding process to ensure the healthy growth of sorghum seedlings.

8. The method for breeding yellow glutinous sorghum according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, 5%-10% of decomposed sheep manure or cow manure and microbial agents are also added to the tiger manure, and the microbial agents include but are not limited to Bacillus and lactic acid bacteria.

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