Low-voltage power supply control system of electric automobile
By designing a low-voltage power control system in electric vehicles and using the wake-up signal module to wake up the battery management system, the problems of large size, heavy weight and high maintenance costs of the low-voltage battery are solved, and lower vehicle costs and higher mileage range are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510260956.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-06
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-29
AI Technical Summary
The low-voltage batteries used in existing electric vehicles have problems such as large size, heavy weight, high maintenance costs and environmental pollution, and the charging control method has problems such as overdischarge and capacity attenuation, which affects the normal start-up and service life of the vehicle.
A low-voltage power supply control system for electric vehicles is designed, including a power battery system, a DC converter and a wake-up signal module. The battery management system is awakened through a wake-up signal module (such as a vehicle self-reset start switch, a vehicle photovoltaic controller or a vehicle charging device), and the high-voltage power supply circuit is controlled to power the DC converter, and a 12V low-voltage control power supply is provided.
The system reduces the cost and weight of the entire vehicle, avoids maintenance problems of low-voltage batteries, improves the vehicle's mileage and economy, and monitors the status of the power battery pack through a timed wake-up strategy to protect electrical safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN119898194A_ABST
Abstract
Description
[Technical field]
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of electric vehicles, and in particular to a low-voltage power supply control system of an electric vehicle. [Background technology]
[0002] In recent years, the domestic new energy vehicle market has flourished. Compared with traditional fuel vehicles, new energy vehicles are vehicles that use unconventional vehicle fuels as a power source (or use conventional vehicle fuels and adopt new vehicle power devices), and integrate advanced technologies in vehicle power control and drive to form vehicles with advanced technical principles, new technologies, and new structures. New energy vehicles include pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, fuel cell electric vehicles, hydrogen engine vehicles, etc.
[0003] Electric vehicles are usually equipped with a group of high-voltage batteries to provide power supply, and also need a group of low-voltage batteries to provide auxiliary power for the vehicle's electrical appliances and control the high-voltage power-on of the vehicle. However, low-voltage batteries have problems such as large size, heavy weight, high maintenance cost and environmental pollution, which also increase the production cost of the vehicle, increase energy consumption, reduce product market competitiveness, and limit the further development and popularization of electric vehicles. Moreover, there are some problems with the existing low-voltage battery charging control method for electric vehicles, such as long-term non-use of the vehicle will cause the low-voltage battery to over-discharge or the low-voltage battery capacity to decay, thereby affecting the normal start-up and service life of the vehicle. In addition, the energy density of traditional low-voltage lead-acid batteries is low, the space occupied is large, and frequent maintenance is required during use. In addition, electric vehicles are mainly powered by low-voltage controllers such as the vehicle battery management system (Battery Management System) to achieve high-voltage power-on startup, and a smaller power is required to meet the startup requirements. [Summary of the invention]
[0004] In view of this, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-voltage power supply control system for an electric vehicle, so as to solve the technical problems of the low-voltage batteries used in electric vehicles in the prior art, such as large size, heavy weight and high maintenance cost.
[0005] On the one hand, an embodiment of the present invention provides a low-voltage power supply control system for an electric vehicle, comprising: a power battery system, a DC converter and a wake-up signal module; wherein the power battery system comprises a power battery pack and a battery management system; the wake-up signal module is used to wake up the battery management system to control the conduction of the high-voltage power supply circuit of the DC converter to provide a low-voltage control power supply for the electric vehicle.
[0006] In a specific embodiment, the wake-up signal module includes an on-board self-reset start switch; when the power battery pack supplies power to the battery management system, the on-board self-reset start switch is turned on and provides a start signal to the battery management system to wake up the battery management system.
[0007] In a specific embodiment, the wake-up signal module includes an on-board photovoltaic controller; under suitable lighting conditions, the on-board photovoltaic controller outputs a low-voltage control power supply to wake up the battery management system, wherein the suitable lighting condition refers to a light intensity greater than 100W / square meter.
[0008] In a specific embodiment, the wake-up signal module includes an on-board charging device; when an external power supply is provided on the electric vehicle, the on-board charging device is connected to the external power supply to wake up the battery management system.
[0009] In a specific embodiment, when the power battery pack is fully charged, the battery management system disconnects the high-voltage main circuit to stop charging the power battery pack, and maintains the high-voltage power supply circuit in an on state to continue to provide low-voltage control power to the electric vehicle.
[0010] In a specific embodiment, the battery management system monitors the working status of the power battery pack according to a timed wake-up strategy; if it is detected that the working status of the power battery pack is abnormal, the high-voltage power supply circuit is disconnected to suspend providing low-voltage control power to the electric vehicle.
[0011] In a specific embodiment, when the wake-up signal module is not working, the battery management system enters a dormant state, and only the high-voltage power supply circuit of the DC converter of the electric vehicle is in a conducting state.
[0012] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electric vehicle, which includes the above-mentioned low-voltage power supply control system.
[0013] Compared with the prior art, this technical solution has at least the following beneficial effects:
[0014] The technical solution provides a low-voltage power supply control system for electric vehicles to replace the existing low-voltage battery to provide low-voltage control power for electric vehicles. In the low-voltage power supply control system, a wake-up signal module (one or more combinations of an on-board self-reset start switch or an on-board photovoltaic controller or an on-board charging device) is set to provide low-voltage control power for electric vehicles.
[0015] When there are suitable lighting conditions, the battery management system is awakened by the on-board photovoltaic controller. The battery management system can control the high-voltage power supply circuit to conduct to power the on-board DC converter, and continuously provide 12V low-voltage control power for the whole vehicle. When there is an external AC power supply, the battery management system is awakened by connecting the on-board charging device to the external AC power supply. The battery management system can control the high-voltage circuit to conduct to power the on-board DC converter, and continuously provide 12V low-voltage control power for the whole vehicle. If there are no suitable lighting conditions and external AC power, the battery management system can be awakened by turning on the on-board self-reset start switch. The battery management system can control the high-voltage circuit to conduct to power the on-board DC converter, and continuously provide 12V low-voltage control power for the whole vehicle. According to different scenarios, different methods are selected to replace the existing low-voltage battery to provide low-voltage control power for electric vehicles, thereby reducing the cost and weight of the whole vehicle. It can also charge the power battery and improve the vehicle's driving range and economy.
[0016] Furthermore, when the on-board photovoltaic controller and on-board charging equipment are not working, the battery management system can be dormant, and only the high-voltage power supply circuit of the on-board DC converter is in working state, and the power consumption of the whole vehicle is low. According to the control strategy, the battery management system adopts a timed wake-up strategy to monitor the status of the power battery pack and the high-voltage main circuit to avoid overcharging and over-discharging of the power battery and cut off the high-voltage main circuit output when other faults occur, protecting the electrical safety of the whole vehicle.
Brief Description of the Drawings
[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.
[0018] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a low-voltage power supply control system involved in an embodiment of the present invention;
[0019] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the low-voltage power supply control system involved in the embodiment of the present invention. [Specific implementation method]
[0020] In order to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0021] It should be clear that the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0022] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a low-voltage power supply control system involved in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0023] The low voltage power supply control system is applied in electric vehicles. Figure 1 The low-voltage power supply control system 1 includes: a power battery system 11, a wake-up signal module 12 and a DC converter 13. The power battery system 11 is connected to the wake-up signal module 12 and the DC converter 13 respectively, and the wake-up signal module 12 is also connected to the DC converter 13. The power battery system 11 also includes a power battery pack 111 and a battery management system 112.
[0024] The wake-up signal module 12 is used to wake up the battery management system 112 to control the high-voltage power supply circuit of the DC converter 13 to provide a low-voltage control power supply for the electric vehicle, so as to realize the power-on control of the high-voltage system when the vehicle is started. In practical applications, the wake-up signal module 12 can replace the existing low-voltage battery in different ways according to different scenarios. For example, the wake-up signal module 12 can adopt one or more combinations of a vehicle-mounted self-reset start switch, a vehicle-mounted photovoltaic controller, or a vehicle-mounted charging device, which will be described in detail in the specific embodiments below.
[0025] When the wake-up signal module 12 is not working, the battery management system 112 enters a dormant state, and only the high-voltage power supply circuit of the DC converter 13 of the electric vehicle is in a conducting state, so the electric vehicle is in a low power consumption state.
[0026] The DC / DC converter 13 is a DC conversion device that converts a DC basic power supply into other voltage types. For example, the DC basic power supply voltage -48V is converted to a corresponding type of power supply voltage of +12V through DC / DC for practical use. When the battery management system 112 controls the high-voltage power supply circuit of the DC converter 13 to be turned on, the DC converter 13 can provide a 12V low-voltage control power supply for the electric vehicle.
[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural diagram of a specific embodiment of the low-voltage power supply control system involved in the embodiment of the present invention.
[0028] refer to Figure 2, the low-voltage power supply control system includes a power battery system 21, and the power battery system 21 includes a power battery pack 211 and a battery management system 212. Among them, the battery management system 212 includes a main control unit 2121, a power module 2122, a wake-up signal circuit 2123, a communication module 2124, an insulation detection 2125, two acquisition circuits 2126a and 2126b, a storage unit 2127, a charger detection 2128, a temperature acquisition 2129 and other circuits 21210. Among them, the main control unit 2121 is the central system of the entire battery management system, and is connected to each other module / circuit (except other circuits 21210) respectively. Among them, the normal power MOS in the other circuits 21210 is connected to the DC converter 222 through a DC high-voltage circuit.
[0029] Since the communication module 2124, insulation detection 2125, two acquisition circuits 2126a and 2126b, storage unit 2127, charger detection 2128, temperature acquisition 2129 and other circuits 21210 in the battery management system 212 are not highly correlated with the technical means used to implement the present technical solution, and the above modules / circuits can be implemented using existing technologies, they will not be described in detail here, but will not affect the implementation of the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention.
[0030] The wake-up signal module can be implemented in three different ways, for example, using an on-board self-reset start switch 221 or an on-board charger (OBC) 222 or an on-board photovoltaic controller (using the maximum power point tracking technology, MPPT) 223. In this embodiment, the on-board charger and the DC converter use a two-in-one controller, and in practice, two independent controllers can also be set up respectively.
[0031] Figure 2 The circuit structure diagram also includes a motor microprocessor (MCU) / electric heater (PTC) / electric air conditioning compressor (EACP) three-in-one controller 23, one end of which is connected to the charging MOS in the other circuit 21210, and the other end is connected to the positive electrode of the power battery pack 211. A shunt 213 is connected between the negative electrode of the power battery pack 211 and the normal power pre-charge MOS of the other circuit 21210.
[0032] Method 1:
[0033] An on-board photovoltaic controller 223 is added to the roof of the electric vehicle. Under appropriate lighting conditions, the battery management system 212 is awakened by the on-board photovoltaic controller 223. The battery management system 212 can control the high-voltage power supply circuit to conduct to power the on-board DC converter 222, and continuously provide a 12V low-voltage control power supply for the entire vehicle, thereby eliminating the need for a low-voltage battery, achieving vehicle startup control, and charging the vehicle's power battery, effectively improving the vehicle's range.
[0034] Specifically, under appropriate lighting conditions, the on-board photovoltaic controller 223 can output a 12V low-voltage control power supply to wake up the main control unit 2121 via the wake-up signal circuit 2123 of the battery management system 212 .
[0035] After the battery management system 212 wakes up, its main control unit 2121 controls the high-voltage main circuit (not shown) charging MOS (short for MOSFET, metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor) to turn on to charge the power battery pack, and controls the high-voltage power supply circuit control MOS of the DC converter 222 to turn on, and locks the conduction state of the high-voltage power supply circuit of the DC converter 222.
[0036] After the DC converter 222 is powered by high voltage, the DC converter 222 starts to work and continuously outputs 12V low voltage control power. At this time, the electric vehicle can control the high voltage power on and off of the vehicle by operating the ignition switch to supply power to the high voltage system electrical equipment of the whole vehicle.
[0037] When the power battery pack 211 is fully charged, the main control unit 2121 of the battery management system 212 will control the disconnection of the high-voltage main circuit charging MOS, keep the power supply MOS of the DC converter 222 turned on, and the main control unit 2121 of the battery management system 212 will automatically sleep to reduce the power consumption of the whole vehicle. Through the timed wake-up strategy, the working status of the power battery pack 211 is awakened and monitored. When the power battery pack has a serious fault, the main control unit 2121 will control the disconnection of the normal power MOS in other circuits and stop the high-voltage power supply of the DC converter 222.
[0038] Method 2:
[0039] By turning on the vehicle-mounted self-reset start switch 221 to wake up the battery management system 212, the battery management system 212 can control the high-voltage power supply circuit to conduct to power the vehicle-mounted DC converter 222, and continuously provide a 12V low-voltage control power supply for the entire vehicle, thereby eliminating the need for a 12V low-voltage battery.
[0040] Specifically, the power battery pack 211 supplies power to the power module 2122 of the battery management system 212 , and the power module 2122 can output a startup control power supply.
[0041] After the on-board self-reset start switch 221 of the electric vehicle is turned on, a start signal can be provided to the main control unit 2121 of the battery management system 212 .
[0042] After the battery management system 212 receives the start signal, the battery management system 212 is awakened, and its main control unit 2121 controls the normal power MOS in other circuits to be turned on, thereby providing high voltage power to the DC converter 222, and the MOS conduction state is locked through the control circuit of the main control unit 2121.
[0043] After the DC converter is powered by high voltage, it starts to work and continuously outputs 12V low-voltage control power. The electric vehicle can control the high voltage power on and off of the vehicle by operating the ignition switch, and supply power to the electrical equipment of the high voltage system of the whole vehicle. When there is no power-on demand for the whole vehicle, the main control unit 2121 of the battery management system 212 will automatically sleep, reduce the power consumption of the whole vehicle, and wake up and monitor the working status of the power battery pack 211 through a timed wake-up strategy. When the power battery pack has a serious fault, the main control unit 2121 will control the cutting off of the normal power MOS in other circuits and stop the high voltage power supply of the DC converter 222.
[0044] Method 3:
[0045] When there is an external AC power supply, the battery management system 212 is awakened by connecting the on-board charging device 222 to the external AC power supply. The battery management system 212 can control the high-voltage power supply circuit to power the on-board DC converter and continuously provide a 12V low-voltage control power supply for the entire vehicle.
[0046] Specifically, when there is an external AC power supply, after being connected through a charging gun (not shown), the on-board charging device 222 wakes up and outputs a 12V charging wake-up signal to the wake-up signal circuit 2123 of the battery management system 212.
[0047] After the battery management system 212 wakes up, it detects the charging connection status, controls the high-voltage main circuit charging MOS and the high-voltage power supply circuit MOS of the DC converter 222 to be turned on, and locks the power supply MOS of the DC converter 222 to continuously supply high voltage to the vehicle-mounted converter 222. After the high-voltage power supply, the vehicle-mounted converter 222 starts working and continuously outputs a 12V low-voltage control power supply. The electric vehicle can control the high-voltage power on and off of the vehicle by operating the ignition switch, and supply power to the electrical equipment of the high-voltage system of the entire vehicle.
[0048] Furthermore, the battery management system 212 may also send a charging request to the on-board charging device 222 according to the power status of the power battery pack 211 , and the on-board charging device 222 responds to the request of the battery management system 212 and starts charging the power battery pack 211 .
[0049] When the power battery pack 211 is fully charged, the main control unit 2121 of the battery management system 212 will control the disconnection of the high-voltage main circuit charging MOS, and keep the MOS of the high-voltage power supply circuit of the DC converter 222 turned on. In this way, the main control unit 2121 of the battery management system 212 will automatically sleep, reduce the power consumption of the whole vehicle, and wake up and monitor the working status of the power battery pack 211 through a timed wake-up strategy. When the power battery pack 211 has a serious fault, the main control unit 2121 will control the disconnection of the normal power MOS in other circuits and stop the high-voltage power supply of the DC converter 222.
[0050] It should be noted that in Figure 2 In the embodiment shown, three implementation modes of the wake-up signal module are presented in Figure 2 In the circuit structure diagram shown in FIG. 1 , however, in actual applications, in a low-voltage power supply control system, the wake-up signal module can use any one or more combinations of an on-board self-reset start switch, an on-board photovoltaic controller, or an on-board charging device to provide a low-voltage control power supply for an electric vehicle.
[0051] An embodiment of the present invention further provides an electric vehicle, which includes the low-voltage power supply control system described in the above embodiment to replace the existing low-voltage battery to provide a low-voltage control power supply for the electric vehicle. In the low-voltage power supply control system, a wake-up signal module (one or more combinations of an on-board self-reset start switch or an on-board photovoltaic controller or an on-board charging device) is provided to provide a low-voltage control power supply for the electric vehicle. Different methods are selected according to different scenarios to replace the existing low-voltage battery to provide a low-voltage control power supply for the electric vehicle, thereby reducing the cost and weight of the entire vehicle, and can also charge the power battery to improve the vehicle's driving range and economy.
[0052] The terms used in the embodiments of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to limit the present invention. The singular forms "a", "said" and "the" used in the embodiments of the present invention and the appended claims are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly indicates other meanings.
[0053] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used in this article is only a description of the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this article generally indicates that the associated objects before and after are in an "or" relationship.
[0054] Those skilled in the art can clearly understand that, for the convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the systems, devices and units described above can refer to the corresponding processes in the aforementioned method embodiments and will not be repeated here.
[0055] In the several embodiments provided by the present invention, it should be understood that the disclosed systems, devices and methods can be implemented in other ways. For example, the device embodiments described above are only schematic. For example, the division of the units is only a logical function division. There may be other division methods in actual implementation. For example, multiple units or components can be combined or integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed. Another point is that the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed can be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, which can be electrical, mechanical or other forms.
[0056] The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components shown as units may or may not be physical units, that is, they may be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of this embodiment.
[0057] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit. The above-mentioned integrated unit may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of hardware plus software functional units.
[0058] The above-mentioned integrated unit implemented in the form of a software functional unit can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The above-mentioned software functional unit is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor (Processor) to perform some steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (Read-Only Memory, ROM), random access memory (Random Access Memory, RAM), disk or optical disk and other media that can store program codes.
[0059] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A low voltage power supply control system for an electric vehicle, characterized in that: include: A power battery system, a DC converter and a wake-up signal module; wherein the power battery system includes a power battery pack and a battery management system; the wake-up signal module is used to wake up the battery management system to control the high-voltage power supply circuit of the DC converter to be turned on, so as to provide a low-voltage control power supply for the electric vehicle.
2. The low voltage power supply control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wake-up signal module includes a vehicle-mounted self-reset start switch; When the power battery pack supplies power to the battery management system, the vehicle-mounted self-reset start switch is turned on and provides a start signal to the battery management system to wake up the battery management system.
3. The low voltage power supply control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wake-up signal module includes an on-board photovoltaic controller; Under appropriate lighting conditions, the on-board photovoltaic controller outputs a low-voltage control power supply to wake up the battery management system.
4. The low voltage power supply control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wake-up signal module includes an on-board charging device; When the electric vehicle is provided with an external power supply, the on-board charger is connected to the external power supply via the charging gun to wake up the battery management system.
5. The low voltage power supply control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the power battery pack is in a fully charged state, the battery management system disconnects the high-voltage main circuit to stop charging the power battery pack, and maintains the high-voltage power supply circuit in an on state to continue to provide a low-voltage control power supply to the electric vehicle.
6. The low voltage power supply control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The battery management system monitors the working status of the power battery pack according to the timing wake-up strategy; If it is monitored that the working state of the power battery pack is abnormal, the high-voltage power supply circuit is disconnected to stop providing the low-voltage control power supply to the electric vehicle.
7. The low voltage power supply control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: When the wake-up signal module is not working, the battery management system enters a dormant state, and only the high-voltage power supply circuit of the DC converter of the electric vehicle is in a conducting state.
8. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: include: A low voltage power supply control system as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7.