Self-powered buoy device based on electrostatic induction-direct current discharge composite effect

Abstract

The invention discloses a self-powered buoy device based on an electrostatic induction-direct current discharge composite effect, belongs to the technical field of buoy devices, and aims to efficiently collect ocean wave energy, stably supply power and improve power output so as to solve the energy supply problem of small electronic equipment. The excellent performance of the device in various working environments is verified through a laboratory bench test, a wave-making water tank test and a real sea condition test, experimental data shows that when the wave frequency is 1.5 Hz and the wave amplitude is 40 mm, the maximum short-circuit current is 210 microamperes, the maximum open-circuit voltage is 2000 V, the peak power density reaches 7.25 W / m < 3 >, 7200 LED lamp beads can be successfully lightened through the device, and the service life of the device is prolonged. A series of experiments prove that the device has efficient and stable wave energy capturing capability, and is suitable for distributed sensor node power supply in an intelligent ocean monitoring system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect, belonging to the technical field of buoy devices. Background Art

[0002] A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a device based on the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction, which is used to convert mechanical energy (such as waves, vibrations, etc.) into electrical energy. Its basic principle is that when two different materials (such as Cu and FEP) contact and separate, charge transfer will occur due to their different electron affinities, resulting in one material surface being positively charged and the other material surface being negatively charged. These charges are locked on the material surface during the separation process, forming an electrostatic field and generating a potential difference in the external circuit, thereby driving the current to flow. Through periodic contact-separation motion, charge separation is continuously generated to form an alternating current.

[0003] TENG can work in different modes, such as vertical contact-separation mode, lateral sliding mode, single electrode mode and independent layer mode. Among them, the vertical contact-separation mode is widely used in wave energy collection. Through the action of external waves, the two materials repeatedly contact and separate, resulting in periodic charge transfer. The formation of potential difference drives the flow of electrons in the external circuit, thereby completing the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0004] In recent years, friction nanogenerators have demonstrated unique advantages in collecting wave energy, but current devices still have obvious deficiencies in output performance and durability. For example, devices based on electrostatic induction have low output power, while devices based on DC discharge still need to be improved in terms of high stability. Although traditional electromagnetic power generation devices are reliable, they are large in size and high in cost, making it difficult to meet the power supply needs of widely distributed ocean sensor nodes. In the existing technology, as the demand for self-powered devices in distributed ocean sensor nodes increases, power generation technology based on electrostatic induction-DC discharge coupling effect has gradually become the core of the solution.

[0005] In the field of low-frequency wave energy collection, the friction nanogenerator (TENG) generates charge through the friction process of contact and separation, but it is difficult to ensure sufficient energy accumulation and output by relying solely on the triboelectric effect. Secondly, in the prior art, the self-powered buoy device uses the friction electrification and electrostatic induction effects between materials to accumulate charge. When the buoy moves under the action of waves, the two materials (such as copper and FEP) in the power generation unit contact and separate periodically. During the contact and separation process, the friction electrification phenomenon causes the two friction materials to produce an initial net charge difference, and then the electrostatic induction causes the two electrodes to begin to accumulate charge, forming a significant potential difference between the electrodes. In this process, the charge accumulates continuously in each cycle and is ready to be released. However, simple charge accumulation cannot fully improve the output, and DC discharge technology must be used to optimize energy release. In order to improve efficiency and stability, a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect is designed to solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0008] A self-powered buoy device based on the combined effect of electrostatic induction and direct current discharge, comprising a floating device body for floating;

[0009] The main body of the floating device is equipped with a power generation unit, a switch device, an energy capture system, a fixed support and a pressure iron ring;

[0010] The main body of the floating device is symmetrically installed with power generation units, and the connection between the two groups of power generation units is penetrated by a pressure ring, and the switch device and the energy capture system are symmetrically installed on both sides of the axis of the pressure ring;

[0011] A fixed support is fixedly installed between the two groups of power generation units.

[0012] Preferably, the power generation unit is composed of a copper electrode with a copper triboelectric layer installed on it, a copper electrode behind the FEP triboelectric layer, a copper triboelectric layer, a FEP triboelectric layer, a flexible connector and a spherical shell connecting support;

[0013] A copper triboelectric layer and a FEP triboelectric layer are distributed on the power generation unit. Copper electrodes of the copper triboelectric layer and copper electrodes behind the FEP triboelectric layer are installed on both sides of the outer joint between the copper triboelectric layer and the FEP triboelectric layer. Spherical shell connecting supports and connecting parts are installed on the outer sides of the copper electrodes of the copper triboelectric layer and the copper electrodes behind the FEP friction layer.

[0014] Preferably, the energy capture system is composed of a connecting piece, a pendulum, a friction-reducing shaft, a pendulum connecting block and a T-shaped connecting block;

[0015] A T-shaped connection block is installed on the energy capture system, a pendulum connection block is installed on one side of the T-shaped connection block, a friction-reducing shaft is installed on one side of the T-shaped connection block, and a pendulum connection block is swingably installed on one side of the pendulum connection block.

[0016] Preferably, the switch device is composed of port one, port two, port three, a delay device, a connection energy capture system and a bracket for fixing the switch position;

[0017] A fixed switch position bracket is installed on the switch device, one end of the fixed switch position bracket is installed with an energy capture system, and the other end of the fixed switch position bracket is symmetrically distributed with port one, port two and port three on both sides, and a delay device is installed on one side of port one, port two and port three.

[0018] Preferably, the fixed support is fixed in the main body of the floating device.

[0019] Preferably, the copper triboelectric layer and the FEP triboelectric layer on the power generation unit are in a staggered installation structure.

[0020] Preferably, when the iron sheet on the micro switch is not pressed down by external force, port one and port three in the switch are connected, and port two is disconnected. After the iron sheet is pressed down, port one and port two in the switch are connected, and port three is disconnected.

[0021] Preferably, when the wave frequency of the power generation unit is 1.5Hz and the amplitude is 40mm, the maximum short-circuit current is 210μA, the maximum open-circuit voltage is 2000V, and the peak power density is 7.25W / m 3 .

[0022] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention:

[0023] The present invention provides a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect. The present invention designs a self-powered buoy device that can utilize the principle of a friction nanogenerator and combine the DC discharge effect, aiming to efficiently collect ocean wave energy, stabilize power supply and increase power output, thereby solving the energy supply problem of small electronic devices. The excellent performance of the device in a variety of working environments has been verified through laboratory bench tests, wave tank experiments and real sea condition experiments.

[0024] Experimental data show that when the wave frequency is 1.5Hz and the amplitude is 40mm, the maximum short-circuit current is 210μA, the maximum open-circuit voltage is 2000V, and the peak power density is 7.25W / m 3 The device can successfully light up 7,200 LED beads and provide stable power supply for commercial temperature and humidity sensors. A series of experiments have verified that this device has efficient and stable wave energy capture capabilities and is suitable for powering distributed sensor nodes in smart ocean monitoring systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the whole device of a preferred embodiment of the self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a single power generation unit of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A side view of a single power generation unit of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A side plan view of a single power generation unit of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an energy capture system according to a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A side view of an energy capture system of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 A side plan view of an energy capture system of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a switch device according to a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect of the present invention;

[0033] Fig. 9 A side view of a switch device according to a preferred embodiment of the self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect of the present invention;

[0034] Fig.10 It is a side plan view of a switch device of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect according to the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1. Power generation unit; 2. Switch device; 3. Energy capture system; 4. Fixed support; 5. Pressure iron ring; 6. Copper electrode of copper triboelectric layer; 7. Copper electrode behind FEP triboelectric layer; 8. Copper triboelectric layer; 9. FEP triboelectric layer; 10. Flexible connector; 11. Spherical shell connecting support; 12. Connector; 13. Pendulum; 14. Friction-reducing shaft; 15. Pendulum connecting block; 16. T-type connecting block; 17. Port one; 18. Port two; 19. Port three; 20. Delay device; 21. Energy capture system connection; 22. Bracket for fixing the switch position; 23. Floating device body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the technical solution of the present invention more clear and specific to those skilled in the art, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings, but the implementation manner of the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0037] like Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, the self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect provided in this embodiment includes a floating device body 23 for floating;

[0038] The main body 23 of the floating device is equipped with a power generation unit 1, a switch device 2, an energy capture system 3, a fixed support 4 and a pressure iron ring 5;

[0039] The power generation units 1 are symmetrically installed around the main body 23 of the floating device, and a pressure iron ring 5 is installed through the connection between the two groups of power generation units 1. The switch device 2 and the energy capture system 3 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the axis of the pressure iron ring 5;

[0040] A fixed support 4 is fixedly installed between the two groups of power generation units 1 .

[0041] The power generation unit 1 is composed of a copper electrode 6 with a copper triboelectric layer, a copper electrode 7 behind the FEP triboelectric layer, a copper triboelectric layer 8, a FEP triboelectric layer 9, a flexible connector 10 and a spherical shell connecting support 11;

[0042] A copper triboelectric layer 8 and a FEP triboelectric layer 9 are distributed on the power generation unit 1, and copper electrodes 6 of the copper triboelectric layer and copper electrodes 7 behind the FEP triboelectric layer are respectively installed on both sides of the outer joint of the copper triboelectric layer 8 and the FEP triboelectric layer 9, and spherical shell connecting supports 11 and connecting parts 12 are respectively installed on the outer sides of the copper electrodes 6 of the copper triboelectric layer and the copper electrodes 7 behind the FEP friction layer.

[0043] The energy capture system 3 is composed of a connecting piece 12, a pendulum 13, a friction-reducing shaft 14, a pendulum connecting block 15 and a T-shaped connecting block 16;

[0044] The energy capture system 3 is provided with a T-shaped connection block 16 , a pendulum connection block 15 is provided on one side of the T-shaped connection block 16 , a friction-reducing shaft 14 is provided on one side of the T-shaped connection block 16 , and a pendulum connection block 15 is swingably provided on one side of the pendulum connection block 15 .

[0045] The switch device 2 is composed of a port 1 17, a port 2 18, a port 3 19, a delay device 20, a connection energy capture system 21 and a fixed switch position bracket 22;

[0046] A fixed switch position bracket 22 is installed on the switch device 2, and an energy capture system 21 is installed at one end of the fixed switch position bracket 22. Port one 17, port two 18 and port three 19 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the other end of the fixed switch position bracket 22, and a delay device 20 is installed on one side of port one 17, port two 18 and port three 19.

[0047] The fixed support 4 is fixed in the floating device body 23 .

[0048] The copper triboelectric layer 8 and the FEP triboelectric layer 9 on the power generation unit 1 are in a staggered installation structure.

[0049] When the iron sheet on the micro switch is not pressed down by external force, port one 17 and port three 19 in the switch are connected, and port two 18 is disconnected. After the iron sheet is pressed down, port one 17 and port two 18 in the switch are connected, and port three 19 is disconnected.

[0050] When the wave frequency of power generation unit 1 is 1.5Hz and the amplitude is 40mm, the maximum short-circuit current is 210μA, the maximum open-circuit voltage is 2000V, and the peak power density is 7.25W / m 3 .

[0051] like Figure 1-Figure 10 As shown, the working process of the self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect provided by this embodiment is as follows:

[0052] Step 1: The energy capture subsystem converts the mechanical energy of the wave into electrical energy through the swinging motion caused by the wave. The system adopts a single pendulum structure, including a pendulum 13, a pendulum frame and an anti-friction shaft 14. The pendulum 13 is connected to the special-shaped shaft through a T-shaped clamp. When swinging, it drives the anti-friction shaft 14 to rotate and convert the mechanical energy generated by the wave. This design ensures that the buoy can effectively capture the kinetic energy of the wave.

[0053] Step 2: The power output subsystem adopts the friction nano-electricity generation technology (TENG), which uses the swinging motion caused by waves to generate electricity through the contact-separation between materials. The power generation unit 1 is composed of a copper electrode and a FEP film. The FEP film is used as a friction layer and is fixed on an acrylic ring. The two are connected by an elastic connector. Each power generation unit is connected in series through a wire to ensure that the output voltage can increase with the wave motion.

[0054] Step 3: The switch and delay device 20 is the core part of the present invention, which is responsible for controlling the short circuit of the electrode to increase the energy output. This device is located between the power output subsystem and the external circuit, and controls the short circuit time of the electrode through a mechanical switch and a delay mechanism. Under the action of waves, when the charge in the TENG unit accumulates to a certain level, the switch triggers the short circuit, and the accumulated charge is released instantly, thereby enhancing the output power through the discharge process;

[0055] Step 4: The mechanical switch is coupled to the mechanical swing frequency of the buoy to control the short circuit of the electrode. It is responsible for detecting the motion state of the pendulum and accurately controlling the timing of the electrode short circuit. The switch design can ensure that the external circuit is connected when the wave energy is released to the maximum extent to output energy.

[0056] Step 5: The delay device 20 uses a mechanical delay mechanism to slightly delay after the switch is triggered to ensure that the maximum kinetic energy of the pendulum 13 is converted into electrical energy output. The delay device 20 is mechanically connected to the pendulum 13 to ensure that the device can still perform effective energy conversion and output when the wave frequency is low, thereby avoiding energy waste.

[0057] The mechanical switch in the device is coupled to the mechanical swing frequency of the buoy to control the short circuit of the electrode.

[0058] Unlike electronic switches that rely on circuit control, the mechanical switch in this device is triggered by the physical movement of the buoy's swing. When the buoy swings to a certain angle or frequency, the mechanical switch closes, the electrodes are short-circuited, and the accumulated charge is released for DC discharge. This physical triggering mechanism of the mechanical switch improves the reliability of the system in complex marine environments and is not easily affected by electromagnetic interference or circuit failures. The mechanical switch is closely integrated with the natural rhythm of the buoy's movement to ensure that the charge is released at the most appropriate moment.

[0059] The DC discharge process releases the charge quickly by short-circuiting the electrodes, clearing the charge on the electrode surface. This process not only enhances the instantaneous power output, but more importantly, after the DC discharge clears the charge, it can provide the best conditions for the accumulation of charge in the next cycle, making the accumulation of charge smoother. Whenever the electrode is short-circuited and discharged, the power generation unit can start to effectively accumulate charge again, thereby improving the overall energy output. Through the coupling of electrostatic induction and DC discharge, the present invention can maintain stable and efficient energy conversion under set operating conditions.

[0060] The working cycle of the device is as follows:

[0061] Charge accumulation: Driven by waves, the TENG power generation unit generates charge accumulation through the combined action of friction electrification and electrostatic induction. When the two materials of the power generation unit come into contact and separate, friction electrification causes charges to be generated and accumulated on the surface of the material. At the same time, the electrostatic induction effect gradually forms a large potential difference between the two electrodes.

[0062] Switch control: As the buoy swings mechanically, the mechanical switch is controlled by the frequency and amplitude of the swing. When the buoy swings to a specific angle or amplitude, the mechanical switch is automatically triggered, causing the two electrodes to short-circuit instantly. At this time, the charge is released through the path between the mechanical switches and enters the DC discharge process. The design of the mechanical switch improves the reliability of the device in the face of electromagnetic interference, circuit failure and complex marine environments. The opening and closing of the switch only depends on the mechanical movement of the buoy, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the system.

[0063] Short-circuit discharge: When the mechanical switch triggers a short circuit, the charge between the electrodes is quickly released through the external circuit, forming a DC discharge process. This discharge process can effectively release the accumulated charge and enable the device to output a high instantaneous power.

[0064] Recovery process: During the recovery process after the electrodes are short-circuited, the potential difference between the electrodes returns to zero because the charge is quickly released during the short-circuit process. This charge-clearing process ensures smoother charge accumulation in the next cycle. As the waves continue to act, the power generation unit re-enters the contact-separation cycle, and can accumulate a similar amount of charge as in the previous cycle through friction charging and electrostatic induction effects, and prepare for the next discharge cycle.

[0065] Example

[0066] like Figure 1 - Fig.10 As shown, copper with high conductivity is selected as the electrode material, FEP film is used as the friction material, and corrosion-resistant material is selected as the buoy shell to ensure the durability of the device in the marine environment;

[0067] The anti-friction shaft 14 is installed in the middle of the buoy through a ball bearing, and the pendulum 13 is connected to the anti-friction shaft 20 through a T-type clamp to ensure that the pendulum can swing freely under the action of waves;

[0068] Install the FEP film and copper electrode on the acrylic ring to ensure a good contact surface between the two;

[0069] Multiple power generation units 1 are connected in series to ensure that sufficient voltage can be generated under the action of waves.

[0070] A mechanical switch and a delay device 20 are installed to connect them to the TENG power generation unit, and the short circuit of the electrode is controlled according to the motion state of the pendulum 13 to ensure that the delay device 20 can be triggered at the appropriate time to optimize the energy output.

[0071] The energy capture subsystem 3, the power output subsystem and the switch and delay device 20 are integrated into the interior of the buoy, and a waterproof sealing ring is used to ensure that the device can work for a long time in the marine environment.

[0072] The above description is only a further embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical solutions and concepts of the present invention within the scope disclosed by the present invention, which belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered buoy device based on the combined effect of electrostatic induction and DC discharge, characterized in that: It includes a floating device body (23) for floating; A power generation unit (1), a switch device (2), an energy capture system (3), a fixed support (4) and a pressure iron ring (5) are installed in the main body (23) of the floating device; A power generation unit (1) is symmetrically installed around the main body (23) of the floating device, a pressure ring (5) is installed through the connection between the two groups of power generation units (1), and a switch device (2) and an energy capture system (3) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the axis of the pressure ring (5); A fixed support (4) is fixedly installed between the two groups of power generation units (1).

2. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The power generation unit (1) is composed of a copper electrode (6) with a copper triboelectric layer, a copper electrode (7) behind the FEP triboelectric layer, a copper triboelectric layer (8), a FEP triboelectric layer (9), a flexible connector (10) and a spherical shell connecting support (11); A copper triboelectric layer (8) and a FEP triboelectric layer (9) are distributed on the power generation unit (1); copper electrodes (6) of the copper triboelectric layer and copper electrodes (7) behind the FEP triboelectric layer are respectively installed on both sides of the outer butt joint of the copper triboelectric layer (8) and the FEP triboelectric layer (9); and spherical shell connection supports (11) and connectors (12) are respectively installed on the outer sides of the copper electrodes (6) of the copper triboelectric layer and the copper electrodes (7) behind the FEP triboelectric layer.

3. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The energy capture system (3) is composed of a connecting piece (12), a pendulum (13), a friction-reducing shaft (14), a pendulum connecting block (15) and a T-shaped connecting block (16); The energy capture system (3) is provided with a T-shaped connection block (16), a pendulum connection block (15) is provided on one side of the T-shaped connection block (16), a friction-reducing shaft (14) is provided on one side of the T-shaped connection block (16), and a pendulum connection block (15) is swingably provided on one side of the pendulum connection block (15).

4. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The switch device (2) is composed of a port one (17), a port two (18), a port three (19), a delay device (20), a connection energy capture system (21) and a fixed switch position bracket (22); A fixed switch position bracket (22) is installed on the switch device (2); one end of the fixed switch position bracket (22) is installed with a connection energy capture system (21); the other end of the fixed switch position bracket (22) is symmetrically distributed with port one (17), port two (18) and port three (19); and one side of port one (17), port two (18) and port three (19) is installed with a delay device (20).

5. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The fixed support (4) is fixed in the floating device body (23).

6. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The copper triboelectric layer (8) and the FEP triboelectric layer (9) on the power generation unit (1) are in a staggered installation structure.

7. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to claim 6 is characterized in that: When the iron sheet on the micro switch is not pressed down by external force, the port one (17) and the port three (19) in the switch are connected, and the port two (18) is disconnected. After the iron sheet is pressed down, the port one (17) and the port two (18) in the switch are connected, and the port three (19) is disconnected.

8. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to claim 7 is characterized in that: When the wave frequency of the power generation unit (1) is 1.5 Hz and the amplitude is 40 mm, the maximum short-circuit current is 210 μA, the maximum open-circuit voltage is 2000 V, and the peak power density reaches 7.25 W / m 3 .

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