Self-powered buoy device based on electrostatic induction-dc discharge composite effect

Abstract

The application discloses a self-powered buoy device based on electrostatic induction-direct current discharge composite effect and belongs to the technical field of buoy devices. A press iron ring is installed through the connection of two groups of power generation units. The device is aimed at efficiently collecting ocean wave energy, stably supplying power and improving power output, thereby solving the energy supply problem of small electronic devices. Through laboratory bench test, wave making flume experiment and real sea state experiment, the excellent performance of the device in various working environments is verified. Experimental data shows that when the wave frequency is 1.5 Hz and the wave amplitude is 40 mm, the maximum short-circuit current of the device is 210 mu A, the maximum open-circuit voltage is 2000 V, and the peak power density reaches 7.25 W / m 3 . The device can successfully light up 7200 LED lamp beads and stably supply power for commercial temperature and humidity sensors. Through a series of experiments, it is verified that the device has efficient and stable wave energy capturing capacity and is suitable for distributed sensor node power supply in a smart ocean monitoring system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect, belonging to the technical field of buoy devices. Background Art

[0002] A triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is a device based on the triboelectric effect and electrostatic induction, used to convert mechanical energy (such as waves, vibrations, etc.) into electrical energy. Its basic principle is that when two different materials (such as Cu and FEP) contact and separate, charge transfer occurs due to their different electron affinities, resulting in one material surface being positively charged and the other material surface being negatively charged. These charges are locked on the material surface during the separation process, forming an electrostatic field and generating a potential difference in the external circuit, which in turn drives the current flow. Through periodic contact-separation motion, charge separation is continuously generated, forming an alternating current.

[0003] TENG can operate in different modes, such as vertical contact-separation mode, lateral sliding mode, single-electrode mode and independent layer mode. Among them, the vertical contact-separation mode is widely used in wave energy collection. Through the action of external waves, the two materials repeatedly contact and separate, resulting in periodic charge transfer. The formation of potential difference drives the flow of electrons in the external circuit, thereby completing the conversion of mechanical energy into electrical energy.

[0004] In recent years, friction nanogenerators have demonstrated unique advantages in collecting wave energy, but current devices still have obvious shortcomings in output performance and durability. For example, devices based on electrostatic induction have low output power, while devices based on DC discharge still need to be improved in terms of high stability. Although traditional electromagnetic power generation devices are reliable, they are large in size and high in cost, making it difficult to meet the power supply needs of widely distributed ocean sensor nodes. In existing technologies, as the demand for self-powered devices among distributed ocean sensor nodes increases, power generation technology based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge coupling effect has gradually become the core of the solution.

[0005] In the field of low-frequency wave energy harvesting, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) generate charge through a frictional process of contact and separation. However, relying solely on the triboelectric effect cannot guarantee sufficient energy accumulation and output. Secondly, in existing technologies, self-powered buoy devices utilize triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction effects between materials to accumulate charge. When the buoy moves under the action of waves, the two materials in the power generation unit (such as copper and FEP) periodically contact and separate. During the contact and separation process, triboelectric charging causes the two friction materials to produce an initial net charge difference. Subsequently, electrostatic induction causes charge to accumulate on the two electrodes, forming a significant potential difference between the electrodes. During this process, charge accumulates continuously within each cycle and is ready to be released. However, simple charge accumulation cannot fully improve output, and DC discharge technology must be used to optimize energy release. To improve efficiency and stability, a self-powered buoy device based on the combined effect of electrostatic induction and DC discharge is designed to address the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main purpose of the present invention is to provide a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect.

[0007] The purpose of the present invention can be achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0008] A self-powered buoy device based on a combined effect of electrostatic induction and direct current discharge, comprising a main body of the buoy device for floating;

[0009] The main body of the floating device is equipped with a power generation unit, a switch device, an energy capture system, a fixed support and a pressure ring;

[0010] The main body of the floating device is symmetrically installed with power generation units. The connection between the two groups of power generation units is penetrated by a pressure ring. The switch device and energy capture system are symmetrically installed on both sides of the axis of the pressure ring.

[0011] A fixed support is fixedly installed between the two groups of power generation units.

[0012] Preferably, the power generation unit is composed of a copper electrode with a copper triboelectric layer, a copper electrode behind the FEP triboelectric layer, a copper triboelectric layer, an FEP triboelectric layer, a flexible connector and a spherical shell connecting support;

[0013] A copper triboelectric layer and an FEP triboelectric layer are distributed on the power generation unit. Copper electrodes of the copper triboelectric layer and the copper electrodes behind the FEP triboelectric layer are installed on both sides of the outer joint of the copper triboelectric layer and the FEP triboelectric layer respectively. Spherical shell connecting supports and connecting parts are installed on the outer sides of the copper electrodes of the copper triboelectric layer and the copper electrodes behind the FEP friction layer respectively.

[0014] Preferably, the energy capture system consists of a connecting piece, a pendulum, a friction-reducing shaft, a pendulum connecting block and a T-shaped connecting block;

[0015] A T-shaped connection block is installed on the energy capture system, a pendulum connection block is installed on one side of the T-shaped connection block, an anti-friction shaft is installed on one side of the T-shaped connection block, and a pendulum connection block is swingably installed on one side of the pendulum connection block.

[0016] Preferably, the switch device is composed of port one, port two, port three, a delay device, a connection energy capture system and a bracket for fixing the switch position;

[0017] A fixed switch position bracket is installed on the switch device, one end of the fixed switch position bracket is installed with a connection energy capture system, and the other end of the fixed switch position bracket is symmetrically distributed with port one, port two and port three on both sides, and a delay device is installed on one side of port one, port two and port three.

[0018] Preferably, the fixed support is fixed in the main body of the floating device.

[0019] Preferably, the copper triboelectric layer and the FEP triboelectric layer on the power generation unit are in a staggered installation structure.

[0020] Preferably, when the iron sheet on the micro switch is not pressed down by external force, port 1 and port 3 in the switch are connected and port 2 is disconnected. After the iron sheet is pressed down, port 1 and port 2 in the switch are connected and port 3 is disconnected.

[0021] The optimal power generation unit has a wave frequency of 1.5 Hz and an amplitude of 40 mm, with a maximum short-circuit current of 210 μA, a maximum open-circuit voltage of 2000 V, and a peak power density of 7.25 W / m 3 .

[0022] Beneficial technical effects of the present invention:

[0023] The present invention provides a self-powered buoy device based on the combined effect of electrostatic induction and direct current discharge. This device utilizes the principle of a triboelectric nanogenerator combined with the direct current discharge effect. This device aims to efficiently harvest ocean wave energy, stabilize power supply, and increase power output, thereby solving the energy supply problem for small electronic devices. Laboratory bench tests, wave tank tests, and real sea condition tests have verified the excellent performance of this device in a variety of operating environments.

[0024] Experimental data show that when the wave frequency is 1.5Hz and the amplitude is 40mm, the maximum short-circuit current of the device is 210μA, the maximum open-circuit voltage is 2000V, and the peak power density reaches 7.25W / m 3 The device can successfully light up 7,200 LED beads and provide stable power supply for commercial temperature and humidity sensors. A series of experiments have verified that this device has efficient and stable wave energy capture capabilities and is suitable for powering distributed sensor nodes in smart ocean monitoring systems. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the overall device of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge composite effect according to the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of a single power generation unit of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect according to the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 A side view of a single power generation unit of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect according to the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4 A side plan view of a single power generation unit of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect according to the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 A schematic diagram of an energy capture system according to a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on a combined effect of electrostatic induction and direct current discharge according to the present invention;

[0030] Figure 6 A side view of an energy capture system of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on a combined effect of electrostatic induction and direct current discharge according to the present invention;

[0031] Figure 7 A side plan view of an energy capture system of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on a combined effect of electrostatic induction and DC discharge according to the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of a switch device according to a preferred embodiment of the self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 9 A side view of a switch device according to a preferred embodiment of the self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 10 It is a side plan view of a switch device of a preferred embodiment of a self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect according to the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1, power generation unit; 2, switch device; 3, energy capture system; 4, fixed support; 5, pressure iron ring; 6, copper electrode of copper triboelectric layer; 7, copper electrode behind FEP triboelectric layer; 8, copper triboelectric layer; 9, FEP triboelectric layer; 10, flexible connecting piece; 11, spherical shell connecting support; 12, connecting piece; 13, pendulum; 14, antifriction shaft; 15, pendulum connecting block; 16, T-shaped connecting block; 17, port one; 18, port two; 19, port three; 20, delaying device; 21, connecting energy capture system; 22, support for fixing switch position; 23, floating device main body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the technical scheme of the present application clearer and more apparent to those skilled in the art, the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and the accompanying drawings, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

[0037] As shown in the figure, the self-powered buoy device based on electrostatic induction-direct current discharge composite effect provided by the embodiment comprises a floating device main body 23 for floating; Figures 1-10

[0038] The floating device main body 23 is internally provided with a power generation unit 1, a switch device 2, an energy capture system 3, a fixed support 4 and a pressure iron ring 5;

[0039] The power generation unit 1 is symmetrically installed around the floating device main body 23, the pressure iron ring 5 is installed through the connection of the two groups of power generation units 1, and the switch device 2 and the energy capture system 3 are symmetrically installed on both sides of the axis of the pressure iron ring 5;

[0040] The fixed support 4 is fixedly installed between the two groups of power generation units 1.

[0041] The power generation unit 1 is provided with a copper electrode 6 of a copper triboelectric layer, a copper electrode 7 behind a FEP triboelectric layer, a copper triboelectric layer 8, a FEP triboelectric layer 9, a flexible connecting piece 10 and a spherical shell connecting support 11;

[0042] The copper triboelectric layer 8 and the FEP triboelectric layer 9 are distributed on the power generation unit 1, the copper electrode 6 of the copper triboelectric layer and the copper electrode 7 behind the FEP triboelectric layer are respectively installed on both sides of the butt joint of the outer sides of the copper triboelectric layer 8 and the FEP triboelectric layer 9, and the spherical shell connecting support 11 and the connecting piece 12 are respectively installed on the outer sides of the copper electrode 6 of the copper triboelectric layer and the copper electrode 7 behind the FEP triboelectric layer.

[0043] The energy capture system 3 is composed of the connecting piece 12, a pendulum 13, an antifriction shaft 14, a pendulum connecting block 15 and a T-shaped connecting block 16;

[0044] ​The energy capture system 3 is provided with a T-shaped connecting block 16 , a pendulum connecting block 15 is provided on one side of the T-shaped connecting block 16 , an anti-friction shaft 14 is provided on one side of the T-shaped connecting block 16 , and a pendulum connecting block 15 is swingably provided on one side of the pendulum connecting block 15 .

[0045] The switch device 2 is composed of port 1 17, port 2 18, port 3 19, delay device 20, connection energy capture system 21 and fixed switch position bracket 22;

[0046] A fixed switch position bracket 22 is installed on the switch device 2, and an energy capture system 21 is installed at one end of the fixed switch position bracket 22. Port one 17, port two 18 and port three 19 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the other end of the fixed switch position bracket 22, and a delay device 20 is installed on one side of port one 17, port two 18 and port three 19.

[0047] The fixed support 4 is fixed in the floating device body 23 .

[0048] The copper triboelectric layer 8 and the FEP triboelectric layer 9 on the power generation unit 1 are in a staggered installation structure.

[0049] When the iron sheet on the micro switch is not pressed down by external force, port 1 17 and port 3 19 in the switch are connected and port 2 18 is disconnected. After the iron sheet is pressed down, port 1 17 and port 2 18 in the switch are connected and port 3 19 is disconnected.

[0050] When the wave frequency of power generation unit 1 is 1.5Hz and the amplitude is 40mm, the maximum short-circuit current is 210μA, the maximum open-circuit voltage is 2000V, and the peak power density reaches 7.25W / m 3 .

[0051] like Figures 1-10 As shown, the working process of the self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect provided by this embodiment is as follows:

[0052] Step 1: The energy capture subsystem converts the mechanical energy of the waves into electrical energy through the swinging motion caused by the waves. The system adopts a simple pendulum structure, including a pendulum 13, a pendulum frame, and an anti-friction shaft 14. The pendulum 13 is connected to the special-shaped shaft via a T-shaped clamp. When it swings, it drives the anti-friction shaft 14 to rotate, converting the mechanical energy generated by the waves. This design ensures that the buoy can effectively capture the kinetic energy of the waves.

[0053] Step 2: The power output subsystem uses triboelectric nanogenerator technology (TENG), which uses the oscillating motion caused by waves to generate electricity through the contact and separation between materials. The power generation unit 1 is composed of a copper electrode and an FEP film. The FEP film serves as a friction layer and is fixed to an acrylic ring. The two are connected by elastic connectors. Each power generation unit is connected in series via wires to ensure that the output voltage can increase with the wave motion.

[0054] Step 3: The switch and delay device 20 is the core part of the present invention, responsible for controlling the electrode short-circuiting to enhance energy output. This device is located between the power output subsystem and the external circuit. It controls the electrode short-circuiting time through a mechanical switch and a delay mechanism. Under the action of waves, when the charge in the TENG unit accumulates to a certain level, the switch triggers the short-circuiting, instantly releasing the accumulated charge and enhancing the output power through the discharge process.

[0055] Step 4: A mechanical switch is coupled to the buoy's mechanical swing frequency to control the short-circuiting of the electrodes. This is responsible for detecting the pendulum's motion state and precisely controlling the timing of the electrode short-circuiting. This switch design ensures that the external circuit is connected and energy output occurs when the wave energy is released at maximum.

[0056] Step 5: The delay device 20 uses a mechanical delay mechanism to slightly delay after the switch is triggered to ensure that the maximum kinetic energy of the pendulum 13 is converted into electrical energy output. The delay device 20 is mechanically connected to the pendulum 13 to ensure that the device can still perform effective energy conversion and output when the wave frequency is low, thereby avoiding energy waste.

[0057] The mechanical switch in the device is coupled to the mechanical oscillation frequency of the buoy to control the short circuit of the electrode.

[0058] Unlike electronic switches that rely on circuitry for control, the mechanical switch in this device is triggered by the physical motion of the buoy's swing. When the buoy swings to a specific angle or frequency, the mechanical switch closes, short-circuiting the electrodes and releasing the accumulated charge, resulting in a DC discharge. This physical triggering mechanism improves the system's reliability in complex marine environments, making it less susceptible to electromagnetic interference or circuit failures. The mechanical switch is tightly coupled to the natural rhythm of the buoy's motion, ensuring that the charge is released at the most opportune moment.

[0059] The DC discharge process quickly releases the charge by short-circuiting the electrodes, clearing the charge on the electrode surface. This process not only enhances the instantaneous power output, but more importantly, after the DC discharge clears the charge, it can provide the best conditions for the accumulation of charge in the next cycle, making the accumulation of charge smoother. Whenever the electrodes are short-circuited and discharged, the power generation unit can restart to effectively accumulate charge, thereby improving the overall energy output. Through this coupling of electrostatic induction and DC discharge, the present invention can maintain stable and efficient energy conversion under set operating conditions.

[0060] The working cycle of the device is as follows:

[0061] Charge accumulation: Driven by waves, the TENG power generation unit generates charge through the combined effects of triboelectric charging and electrostatic induction. When the two materials of the power generation unit come into contact and separate, triboelectric charging causes charge to be generated and accumulated on the surface of the materials. At the same time, the electrostatic induction effect gradually creates a large potential difference between the two electrodes.

[0062] Switch Control: As the buoy mechanically swings, the mechanical switch is controlled by the frequency and amplitude of the swing. When the buoy swings to a specific angle or amplitude, the mechanical switch automatically triggers, momentarily short-circuiting the two electrodes. At this point, the charge is released through the path between the mechanical switches, initiating a DC discharge process. The mechanical switch design improves the device's reliability against electromagnetic interference, circuit failures, and complex marine environments. The switch's opening and closing depends solely on the mechanical movement of the buoy, thereby enhancing system stability and reliability.

[0063] Short-circuit discharge: When the mechanical switch is triggered to short-circuit, the charge between the electrodes is rapidly released through the external circuit, forming a DC discharge process. This discharge process can effectively release the accumulated charge and enable the device to output a high instantaneous power.

[0064] Recovery process: During the recovery process after the electrodes are short-circuited, the potential difference between the electrodes returns to zero due to the rapid release of charge during the short-circuit process. This charge-clearing process ensures smoother charge accumulation in the next cycle. As the wave continues to act, the power generation unit re-enters the contact-separation cycle, and through frictional electrification and electrostatic induction effects, it can accumulate a similar amount of charge as in the previous cycle, preparing for the next discharge cycle.

[0065] Example

[0066] like Figure 1 - Figure 10 As shown, highly conductive copper is selected as the electrode material, FEP film is used as the friction material, and corrosion-resistant material is selected as the buoy shell to ensure the durability of the device in the marine environment;

[0067] Install the anti-friction shaft 14 in the middle of the buoy through a ball bearing, and connect the pendulum 13 to the anti-friction shaft 20 through a T-clamp to ensure that the pendulum can swing freely under the action of waves;

[0068] Install the FEP film and copper electrode on the acrylic ring to ensure good contact surface between them;

[0069] Multiple power generation units 1 are connected in series to ensure that sufficient voltage can be generated under the action of waves.

[0070] A mechanical switch and a delay device 20 are installed to connect them to the TENG power generation unit, and the short circuit of the electrode is controlled according to the motion state of the pendulum 13 to ensure that the delay device 20 can be triggered at the appropriate time to optimize the energy output.

[0071] The energy capture subsystem 3, the power output subsystem and the switch and delay device 20 are integrated into the interior of the buoy, and a waterproof sealing ring is used to ensure that the device can work for a long time in the marine environment.

[0072] The above is only a further embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and concepts of the present invention within the scope disclosed by the present invention, which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A self-powered buoy device based on the combined effect of electrostatic induction and DC discharge, characterized by: including a floatation device body (23) for floating; A power generation unit (1), a switch device (2), an energy capture system (3), a fixed support (4) and a pressure iron ring (5) are installed in the floating device body (23); The power generation units (1) are symmetrically installed around the floating device body (23), a pressure ring (5) is installed through the connection between the two groups of power generation units (1), and a switch device (2) and an energy capture system (3) are symmetrically installed on both sides of the axis of the pressure ring (5); A fixed support (4) is fixedly installed between the two groups of power generation units (1); The power generation unit (1) is composed of a copper electrode (6) with a copper triboelectric layer, a copper electrode (7) behind the FEP triboelectric layer, a copper triboelectric layer (8), an FEP triboelectric layer (9), a flexible connector (10) and a spherical shell connecting support (11); A copper triboelectric layer (8) and an FEP triboelectric layer (9) are distributed on the power generation unit (1); a copper electrode (6) of the copper triboelectric layer and a copper electrode (7) behind the FEP triboelectric layer are respectively installed on both sides of the outer butt joint of the copper triboelectric layer (8) and the FEP triboelectric layer (9); and a spherical shell connecting support (11) and a connecting piece (12) are respectively installed on the outer sides of the copper electrode (6) of the copper triboelectric layer and the copper electrode (7) behind the FEP triboelectric layer; The energy capture system (3) is composed of a connecting member (12), a pendulum (13), an anti-friction shaft (14), a pendulum connecting block (15) and a T-shaped connecting block (16); A T-shaped connecting block (16) is installed on the energy capture system (3), a pendulum connecting block (15) is installed on one side of the T-shaped connecting block (16), a friction-reducing shaft (14) is installed on one side of the T-shaped connecting block (16), and a pendulum connecting block (15) is swingably installed on one side of the pendulum connecting block (15).

2. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The switch device (2) is composed of a port 1 (17), a port 2 (18), a port 3 (19), a delay device (20), a connection energy capture system (21) and a fixed switch position bracket (22); A fixed switch position bracket (22) is installed on the switch device (2), and an energy capture system (21) is installed at one end of the fixed switch position bracket (22). Port one (17), port two (18) and port three (19) are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the other end of the fixed switch position bracket (22), and a delay device (20) is installed on one side of port one (17), port two (18) and port three (19).

3. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The fixed support (4) is fixed in the floating device body (23).

4. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The copper triboelectric layer (8) and the FEP triboelectric layer (9) on the power generation unit (1) are in a staggered installation structure.

5. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect according to claim 4 is characterized in that: When the iron sheet on the micro switch is not pressed down by an external force, the port one (17) and the port three (19) in the switch are connected, and the port two (18) is disconnected. After the iron sheet is pressed down, the port one (17) and the port two (18) in the switch are connected, and the port three (19) is disconnected.

6. The self-powered buoy device based on the electrostatic induction-DC discharge combined effect according to claim 5 is characterized in that: When the wave frequency of the power generation unit (1) is 1.5 Hz and the amplitude is 40 mm, the maximum short-circuit current is 210 μA, the maximum open-circuit voltage is 2000 V, and the peak power density reaches 7.25 W / m³.

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