An ecological protection slope structure for engineering construction and an ecological protection slope method

Abstract

The application relates to the field of ecological slope protection, in particular to an ecological slope protection structure and method for engineering construction, which comprises a base and a slope surface poured on the side of the base, plants are planted on the slope surface to form an ecological slope, and the slope surface is an inclined surface; a watering mechanism is arranged on the slope surface and used for watering the plants on the ecological slope with rainwater and fertilizer water; a water storage mechanism is arranged on the base and used for storing rainwater and fertilizer water, the water storage mechanism is connected with the watering mechanism, a drainage mechanism is arranged on the water storage mechanism and used for draining rainwater. In drought, the plants can be watered with the stored rainwater, a water pump is arranged on the water storage mechanism according to needs, the water pump is pumped into the inside of the water storage mechanism in drought, and the fertilizer water is pumped into the inside of the water storage pool when fertilization is needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of ecological slope protection, specifically to an ecological slope protection structure and method for engineering construction. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of modern engineering construction, ecological slope protection is an important technical means that integrates engineering protection and ecological restoration. Ecological slope protection aims to not only effectively protect slopes by constructing a reasonable slope protection structure and combining it with vegetation planting, thus preventing them from collapsing or landslides caused by natural factors, but also promote the protection and restoration of the ecological environment and improve the surrounding landscape.

[0003] However, existing ecological slope protection technologies still have many problems that urgently need to be solved. During heavy rains, ecological slope protection faces severe challenges. The rapid flow and large volume of surface runoff from heavy rainfall exert a powerful scouring force on the slope surface, leading to significant soil loss at the base. Over time, the soil at the base of the slope is continuously washed away, creating a void between the slope protection structure and the underlying soil.

[0004] Meanwhile, the issue of vegetation irrigation is also prominent in the daily maintenance of ecological slope protection after its construction. Because ecological slope protection typically uses materials such as concrete bricks for its slope structure, the presence of these concrete bricks hinders effective water penetration. During irrigation, the water flow is unlikely to reach the vicinity of the plant roots as intended. Most of the irrigation water, before fully penetrating the plant roots and providing the necessary moisture for plant growth, flows down the slope due to the slope's inclination, preventing the vegetation from receiving sufficient water nourishment. This affects the normal growth and survival of the vegetation, thereby weakening the ecological function and protective effect of the ecological slope protection.

[0005] In summary, existing ecological slope protection technologies are significantly inadequate in dealing with heavy rain erosion and vegetation irrigation. There is an urgent need to develop a new type of ecological slope protection to solve these problems and improve the stability, durability, and ecological benefits of ecological slope protection. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems in the existing technology, this invention provides an ecological slope protection structure and method for engineering construction.

[0007] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve its technical problem is: an ecological slope protection structure and method for engineering construction, including a base and a slope surface poured on the side of the base, on which plants are planted to form an ecological slope, and the slope surface is an inclined surface; an irrigation mechanism is provided on the slope surface, which is used to irrigate the plants on the ecological slope with rainwater and fertilizer; a water storage mechanism is provided on the base, which is used to store rainwater and fertilizer, the water storage mechanism is connected to the irrigation mechanism, and a drainage mechanism is provided on the water storage mechanism for discharging rainwater.

[0008] Preferably, the water storage mechanism includes a water storage component and a discharge component. The water storage component is used to store rainwater and fertilizer water. The rainwater is used to irrigate the plant roots on the ecological slope through the irrigation mechanism. The discharge component is used to discharge excess rainwater. The water storage component includes a water storage tank and a sunshade plate installed on top of the water storage tank. The water storage tank has a U-shaped structure and is made of stainless steel. The bottom of the water storage tank has multiple circular holes for installing the irrigation mechanism. The sunshade plate has through holes for collecting rainwater. When rainwater passes through the through holes on the sunshade plate, it is collected inside the water storage tank.

[0009] Preferably, the discharge assembly includes a floating plate disposed inside the water storage tank. The floating plate has a hollow structure in the middle and a guide block is disposed on the floating plate. The water storage tank has a clearance groove and a guide groove, and the clearance groove and the guide groove are connected. The guide block slides inside the guide groove, and the floating plate slides inside the clearance groove. A sealing plate is disposed on the floating plate, and a discharge plate is installed on the water storage tank. The discharge plate extends through the outer wall of the water storage tank into the interior of the water storage tank. The discharge plate has openings at both ends and a plug-in interface at the top, and the plug-in interface engages with the sealing plate.

[0010] Preferably, the irrigation mechanism includes an irrigation pipe installed inside a circular hole, with multiple branch pipes connected to the irrigation pipe. Each branch pipe is equipped with a one-way valve and is in close contact with the plant roots. A support frame is provided on the irrigation pipe, and a pull rod is installed on the support frame. A float is provided at the top of the pull rod, and the float is located inside the water storage tank.

[0011] Preferably, a first sealing block is provided at the bottom of the pull rod, and a second sealing block is provided on the inner wall of the irrigation pipe. The first sealing block moves downward to offset the second sealing block for drainage. A second elastic element is provided above the second sealing block and is sleeved on the pull rod. The second elastic element is used to push the pull rod to reset. The contact surfaces of the first sealing block and the second sealing block are both inclined surfaces, and the two inclined surfaces fit together.

[0012] Preferably, the drainage mechanism includes a plurality of drainage outlets and drainage channels opened on the slope, with each drainage outlet and drainage channel corresponding to the other; the drainage channel is used to drain the water discharged from the drainage outlets to the bottom of the slope.

[0013] Preferably, the drainage mechanism further includes a movable plate mounted on a base, the base having an inner cavity, the movable plate being located above the inner cavity and moving within the inner cavity; a first elastic element is provided inside the inner cavity and located below the movable plate, the first elastic element being used to push the movable plate to reset; a connecting rod is provided on the movable plate, and a sliding rod is provided at the end of the connecting rod, the sliding rod being fixedly connected to the connecting rod; a sliding opening is provided on the water storage tank, a support rod is provided on the sliding rod, and a pin is connected to the support rod, the pin being connected to a pull rod.

[0014] Preferably, a support platform is provided above the water storage tank. The support platform is cast in shape and reinforced with steel bars during casting. The sunshade plate is attached to the support platform.

[0015] A method for constructing ecological slope protection in engineering, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: Preliminary preparations;

[0017] S11: Site investigation: Conduct a detailed investigation of the topography, landforms, soil properties, hydrological conditions, and surrounding environment of the slope protection area, and understand data such as slope, slope height, and groundwater level to provide a basis for design;

[0018] S12: Material preparation: Prepare the necessary ecological slope protection materials according to the design requirements, such as vegetation seeds, geotextile materials, stones, and timber, and ensure that the materials are of qualified quality.

[0019] S13: Tools and Equipment: Prepare the tools and equipment required for construction, such as excavators, loaders, mixers, water trucks, seeders, etc., and check that they are in good working order;

[0020] S2: Slope treatment;

[0021] S21: Slope cleaning: Remove weeds, tree roots, garbage and loose soil from the slope to keep it flat and clean for subsequent construction.

[0022] S22: Slope trimming: According to design requirements, the slope and elevation of the slope are trimmed to ensure slope stability. Generally, the slope should not be too steep.

[0023] S23: Drainage treatment: Drainage facilities such as drainage ditches and drainage holes shall be set up at appropriate locations on the slope top, slope toe and slope surface to remove surface water and groundwater and prevent water flow from eroding and seeping into the slope surface.

[0024] S3: Slope protection structure construction;

[0025] S31: Foundation construction: Depending on the slope protection method, such as gabion slope protection or concrete slope protection, carry out foundation excavation and pouring to provide stable support for the slope protection structure.

[0026] S32: Slope Protection Construction: According to the design plan, carry out the construction of the slope protection, such as laying gabion mesh, installing precast concrete blocks, and building ecological bags, to ensure the strength and stability of the slope protection.

[0027] S33: Geotechnical material laying: When necessary, geogrids, geotextiles and other geotechnical materials are laid to enhance the slope's resistance to sliding and erosion, while also serving as reinforcement and filtration.

[0028] S4: Vegetation Planting

[0029] S41: Soil improvement: Add humus, organic fertilizer, etc. according to the slope soil conditions to improve soil structure and fertility and provide good soil conditions for vegetation growth.

[0030] S42: Vegetation selection: Select suitable herbaceous plants, shrubs or vines based on local climate, soil and other natural conditions;

[0031] S43: Planting Construction: Vegetation can be planted by broadcasting, spraying, or hole sowing. After planting, water and maintain the plants in a timely manner to ensure seed germination and seedling growth.

[0032] Beneficial effects:

[0033] During heavy rain, the stored water is discharged, preventing rainwater from flowing down the slope and causing soil erosion. During droughts, the stored rainwater can be used to irrigate vegetation. Water pumps are installed on the water storage mechanism as needed. When drought occurs, water is pumped into the water storage mechanism, and when fertilization is needed, fertilizer solution is pumped into the water storage tank. When vehicles or people pass by the drainage mechanism, the drainage mechanism will irrigate the roots of the vegetation with the rainwater or fertilizer solution stored in the water storage mechanism. When there is sufficient rainfall, the drainage mechanism directly discharges the rainwater. After the water is discharged, the water storage mechanism retains an appropriate amount of water to provide sufficient water for subsequent vegetation irrigation. Attached Figure Description

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0035] Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 2 This is one of the cross-sectional views of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 3 for Figure 2 Enlarged structural diagram at point A in the diagram;

[0038] Figure 4 This is a second cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 5 for Figure 4 Enlarged structural diagram at point B in the diagram;

[0040] Figure 6 This is a connection diagram of the water storage mechanism of the present invention;

[0041] Figure 7 for Figure 6 Enlarged structural diagram at point C;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the irrigation mechanism of the present invention;

[0043] Figure 9 for Figure 8 A magnified structural diagram at point D in the diagram;

[0044] Figure 10 This is a connection diagram of the drainage mechanism;

[0045] Figure 11 for Figure 10 A magnified structural diagram at point E in the diagram.

[0046] In the diagram: 1. Base; 2. Slope; 3. Water storage mechanism; 31. Sunshade; 32. Water storage tank; 33. Floating plate; 34. Guide block; 35. Guide groove; 36. Clearance groove; 37. Sealing plate; 38. Discharge plate; 4. Drainage mechanism; 41. Drainage trough; 42. Drainage outlet; 43. Moving plate; 44. First elastic element; 45. Inner cavity; 46. Connecting rod; 47. Sliding rod; 49. Support rod; 410. Pin; 411. Sliding port; 5. Irrigation mechanism; 51. Irrigation pipe; 52. Float; 53. Tie rod; 54. Support frame; 55. Second elastic element; 56. First sealing block; 57. Second sealing block; 6. Support platform. Detailed Implementation

[0047] To make the technical means, creative features, objectives and effects of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments.

[0048] In one embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1-11As shown, the present invention discloses an ecological slope protection structure for engineering construction, comprising a base 1 and a slope surface 2 cast on the side of the base 1, on which plants are planted to form an ecological slope, the slope surface 2 being an inclined surface; an irrigation mechanism is provided on the slope surface 2 for irrigating the plants on the ecological slope with rainwater and fertilizer; a water storage mechanism 3 is provided on the base 1 for storing rainwater and fertilizer, the water storage mechanism 3 being connected to the irrigation mechanism 5, and a drainage mechanism 4 is provided on the water storage mechanism 3 for discharging rainwater.

[0049] To store rainwater, the stored water is discharged during heavy rain to prevent soil erosion caused by rainwater flowing down the slope. During droughts, the stored rainwater can be used to irrigate vegetation. A water pump is installed on the water storage mechanism 3 as needed. During droughts, water is pumped into the storage mechanism 3, and when fertilization is needed, fertilizer is pumped into the storage tank. When vehicles or people pass by the drainage mechanism 4, the drainage mechanism 4 will pump the rainwater or fertilizer from the storage mechanism 3 onto the roots of the vegetation through the irrigation mechanism 5. When there is sufficient rainfall, the drainage mechanism 4 directly discharges the rainwater, leaving an appropriate amount of water inside the storage mechanism 3 to provide sufficient water for subsequent vegetation irrigation.

[0050] In one embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1-9 As shown, the water storage mechanism 3 includes a water storage component and a discharge component. The water storage component is used to store rainwater and fertilizer water. The rainwater is used to irrigate the plant roots on the ecological slope through the irrigation mechanism 5 via the water storage component. The discharge component is used to discharge excess rainwater. The water storage component includes a water storage tank 32 and a sunshade 31 installed on the top of the water storage tank 32. The water storage tank 32 has a U-shaped structure and is made of stainless steel. The bottom of the water storage tank 32 has multiple circular holes for installing the irrigation mechanism 5. The sunshade 31 has through holes for collecting rainwater. When rainwater passes through the through holes on the sunshade 31, it is collected inside the water storage tank 32.

[0051] The discharge assembly includes a floating plate 33 disposed inside a water storage tank 32. The floating plate 33 has a hollow structure in the middle and a guide block 34 is disposed on the floating plate 33. The water storage tank 32 has a clearance groove 36 and a guide groove 35, and the clearance groove 36 and the guide groove 35 are connected. The guide block 34 slides inside the guide groove 35, and the floating plate 33 slides inside the clearance groove 36. A sealing plate 37 is disposed on the floating plate 33, and a discharge plate 38 is installed on the water storage tank 32. The discharge plate 38 extends through the outer wall of the water storage tank 32 into the interior of the water storage tank 32. The discharge plate 38 has openings at both ends and a plug-in interface at the top, which engages with the sealing plate 37.

[0052] To prevent water entering the water storage mechanism 3 from overflowing from the inside of the water storage tank 32 during heavy rain, which would carry away soil and cause air pockets when the overflowing water flows over the slope 2, the water storage tank 32 is a prefabricated component, preferably made of stainless steel. A floating plate 33 is installed so that when water enters the water storage tank 32, it moves upward, causing the sealing plate 37 to separate from the insertion port on the discharge plate 38, allowing the water to flow downward from the openings at both ends of the discharge plate 38. During the discharge process, the water flows downward through the drainage mechanism 4. The drainage mechanism 4 does not carry away soil or water during the discharge process. The drainage mechanism 4 will guide the water flow to the slope 2 formed by the concrete pouring and discharge it downward. After the water flows downward, the floating plate 33 moves downward and the sealing plate 37 will seal the opening, thereby sealing the water inside the water storage tank 32. When the sealing plate 37 enters the opening, the opening is in a sealed state (this is the prior art and will not be described in detail here), so that the drainage tank 41 will not have a water leakage problem.

[0053] In another embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1-9 As shown, the irrigation mechanism 5 includes an irrigation pipe 51 installed inside a circular hole. Multiple branch pipes are connected to the irrigation pipe 51, each branch pipe is equipped with a one-way valve, and the branch pipes are in contact with the plant roots. A support frame 54 is installed on the irrigation pipe 51, and a pull rod 53 is mounted on the support frame 54. A float ball 52 is located at the top of the pull rod 53, inside the water storage tank 32. A first sealing block 56 is located at the bottom of the pull rod 53, and a second sealing block 57 is located on the inner wall of the irrigation pipe 51. The first sealing block 56 moves downwards to offset the second sealing block 57 for drainage. A second elastic element 55 is located above the second sealing block 57, and the second elastic element 55 is sleeved on the pull rod 53. The second elastic element 55 is used to push the pull rod 53 to reset. The contact surfaces of the first sealing block 56 and the second sealing block 57 are both inclined surfaces, and the two inclined surfaces are in contact with each other.

[0054] To enable the irrigation mechanism 5 to irrigate the plant roots, when the drainage mechanism 4 moves, it causes the pull rod 53 to move. The pull rod 53 then separates the first sealing block 56 and the second sealing block 57, opening the gap between them. This allows water to flow downwards through the gap. Once the water enters the irrigation pipe 51, it flows through a branch pipe to the plant roots, providing appropriate irrigation. The second elastic element 55 pushes the pull rod 53 upwards, causing the first sealing block 56 and the second sealing block 57 to come into contact, preventing water from flowing downwards. The float 52 moves upwards, allowing it to pull the first sealing block 56 to seal the second sealing block 57 during periods of heavy rainfall, preventing excessive rainwater from entering and eroding the plant roots.

[0055] In another embodiment, please refer to the appendix to the specification. Figure 1-11 As shown, the drainage mechanism 4 includes multiple drainage outlets 42 and drainage channels 41 opened on the slope 2, with each drainage outlet 42 and drainage channel 41 corresponding to the other. The drainage channel 41 is used to drain water discharged from the drainage outlets 42 to the bottom of the slope 2. The drainage mechanism 4 also includes a movable plate 43 installed on a base 1, with an inner cavity 45 provided on the base 1. The movable plate 43 is located above the inner cavity 45 and moves inside the inner cavity 45. The inner cavity 45 is provided with... A first elastic element 44 is located below the movable plate 43. The first elastic element 44 is used to push the movable plate 43 to reset. A connecting rod 46 is provided on the movable plate 43. A sliding rod 47 is provided at the end of the connecting rod 46. The sliding rod 47 is fixedly disposed with the connecting rod 46. A sliding opening 411 is provided on the water storage tank 32. A support rod 49 is provided on the sliding rod 47. A pin 410 is connected to the support rod 49. The pin 410 is connected to the pull rod 53.

[0056] To irrigate vegetation without providing additional power, pedestrians or vehicles pass over the movable plate, causing it to press down. This, in turn, moves the sliding rod 47 downwards, pushing the pull rod 53 downwards. This creates a gap between the first sealing block 56 and the second sealing block 57, allowing rainwater from the reservoir to drain into the irrigation pipe 51. When the movable plate 43 is not under pressure, it returns to its original position under the action of the first elastic element 44. The movable plate 43 then moves the pull rod 53 back to its original position, causing the first sealing block 56 to connect with the second sealing block 57, sealing the two blocks and preventing water loss from the reservoir. When the movable plate 43 is not under pressure, no water is drained. During installation, the length of the movable plate can be adjusted according to actual needs, ensuring that it can move up and down within a suitable range.

[0057] Furthermore, the sliding opening 411 and the rotating rod 48 are sealed together by a sealing element, which can be sealing rubber or corrugated metal roll, and can ensure that the rotating rod 48 rotates inside the sliding opening 411 while sealing the sliding opening 411.

[0058] In one embodiment, see the appendix to the specification. Figure 3 As shown, a support platform 6 is provided above the water storage tank 32. The support platform 6 is cast in shape and steel bars are embedded in it during the casting process. The sunshade 31 is attached to the support platform 6.

[0059] Before pouring the support platform 6, multiple steel bars are aligned squarely, and then concrete is poured to form the support platform 6. The support platform 6 can bear the weight of the sunshade 31, and when a heavy object falls on the sunshade 31, the support platform 6 will not shatter and fall off, thus achieving the function of stable support.

[0060] In another embodiment, the ecological slope protection is constructed using the following method:

[0061] I. Preliminary Preparations: Site survey is the fundamental step in the entire ecological slope protection project, and its importance cannot be overstated. A professional survey team uses advanced surveying instruments and technologies to conduct a comprehensive and detailed survey of the slope protection area. In terms of topography, it is necessary not only to accurately measure the slope gradient and elevation, but also to draw contour maps to clearly show the undulations of the slope, which is crucial for subsequent slope protection structure design and construction technology selection.

[0062] Soil property research is equally crucial. By collecting soil samples from different depths, indicators such as pH, texture, fertility, and shear strength are analyzed. This data helps determine suitable vegetation species for the area and whether soil improvement measures are needed. For example, acidic soils may be more suitable for certain acid-loving plants, while infertile soils require the addition of specific fertilizers to improve fertility.

[0063] Hydrological surveys include monitoring groundwater levels and understanding seasonal variations in groundwater. Simultaneously, analyzing the direction, velocity, and flow rate of surface water plays a crucial role in the rational planning of drainage systems. If the groundwater level is too high, deep drainage facilities may be necessary to prevent groundwater from soaking and seeping into the slopes, causing damage.

[0064] The investigation of the surrounding environment covered aspects such as surrounding buildings, roads, vegetation distribution, and ecosystems. The distance between the foundations of surrounding buildings and the slope protection was considered to avoid impacting buildings during construction. Traffic flow and usage on surrounding roads were analyzed to allow for the rational planning of transportation routes and construction time during construction, minimizing traffic disruption. Understanding the distribution of surrounding vegetation helps in selecting plant species that integrate with the local ecological environment, promoting the balance and stability of the ecosystem.

[0065] Based on the preliminary survey and design requirements, various ecological slope protection materials were carefully prepared. The selection of vegetation seeds strictly adhered to the principle of planting the right species in the right place, fully considering the local climate, soil conditions, and the ecological functions of the vegetation. For example, in arid regions, drought-resistant herbaceous plant seeds, such as Bermuda grass and Zoysia japonica, were selected; in areas with severe soil erosion, seeds of shrubs with well-developed root systems, such as Amorpha fruticosa and Lespedeza bicolor, were planted in combination to enhance the soil stabilization and slope protection effect.

[0066] The quality of geosynthetic materials directly affects the stability and durability of slope protection. High-strength, corrosion-resistant geogrids, with their unique mesh structure, can tightly bond with the soil, effectively enhancing the slope's resistance to sliding. Geotextiles are mainly used for filtration and isolation, preventing soil particle loss while ensuring normal water infiltration. When selecting stones and timber, attention should be paid to their texture and strength to ensure they can withstand certain pressure and natural erosion. Stones used for constructing gabion mesh or slope protection structures must be regularly shaped and hard; timber can be used to make ecological frames or slope protection walkways, and must undergo anti-corrosion treatment to extend its service life.

[0067] The construction requires a wide variety of tools and equipment, each playing a vital role. Excavators are used for slope excavation and foundation construction; their powerful digging capabilities enable rapid earthwork operations, improving construction efficiency. Loaders are primarily responsible for loading, unloading, and transporting materials such as stones and soil, accurately delivering them to designated locations. Mixers are used to mix building materials such as concrete and mortar, ensuring the uniformity and quality of the materials.

[0068] Water trucks play an indispensable role in the construction process. On the one hand, they reduce dust and minimize pollution to the surrounding environment; on the other hand, after vegetation is planted, they provide sufficient water to promote seed germination and seedling growth. Seeders, depending on the planting method, such as broadcasting or spraying, evenly sow vegetation seeds on the slope, ensuring seed distribution density and coverage area.

[0069] Before equipment arrives on site, a comprehensive performance check and debugging are conducted on each piece of equipment to ensure stable operation during construction. Regular maintenance and upkeep are performed, and worn parts are replaced promptly to extend equipment lifespan and reduce construction costs.

[0070] II. Slope Treatment: Slope cleaning is the primary task of slope treatment, aiming to create favorable conditions for subsequent construction. Using professional cleaning tools such as lawnmowers, shovels, and rakes, thoroughly remove weeds, tree roots, debris, and loose soil from the slope. The presence of weeds and tree roots can affect the bonding between the slope protection material and the slope surface, and may also damage the slope structure during their growth. Removing debris not only keeps the slope clean but also prevents pollution of the soil and vegetation.

[0071] Removing loose soil layers is crucial because they are unstable and prone to collapse under rainwater erosion or external forces. For thicker layers of loose soil, excavators are used for removal; for thinner layers, shovels and rakes are used for manual clearing. After clearing, the slope surface is leveled and compacted to ensure that its flatness and density meet design requirements.

[0072] According to design requirements, the slope gradient and elevation are precisely adjusted. The slope gradient and elevation directly affect the slope's stability and the effectiveness of ecological slope protection. Generally, the slope should not be too steep to prevent landslides due to excessive soil weight. During the adjustment process, measuring instruments are used to monitor changes in slope gradient and elevation in real time to ensure they meet design standards.

[0073] For steeper slopes, a tiered slope protection method can be adopted, with platforms and walkways constructed to increase slope stability. The width and spacing of the platforms and walkways should be determined reasonably based on the slope height and geological conditions; generally, the platform width is 1-2 meters, and the walkway spacing is 3-5 meters. Planting vegetation or installing protective facilities on the platforms and walkways further enhances the slope protection effect.

[0074] Drainage is a crucial aspect of ecological slope protection engineering. An effective drainage system can prevent surface water and groundwater from eroding and seeping into the slope. Interception ditches are installed at the top of the slope to intercept surface water above the slope, preventing it from flowing into the slope body. The size and slope of the interception ditches are determined based on the catchment area and flow rate, and they are generally constructed of concrete or brickwork. The bottom and walls of the ditches should be smooth and flat to ensure smooth water flow.

[0075] Drainage ditches should be constructed at the toe of the slope to divert water from the intercepting ditch at the top and the drainage holes on the slope surface to a safe location. The depth and width of the drainage ditches should meet drainage requirements, while also considering their durability and erosion resistance. Drainage holes should be installed at appropriate locations on the slope surface to remove groundwater. The spacing and depth of the drainage holes are determined based on the groundwater level and geological conditions, generally with a spacing of 2-3 meters and a depth of 3-5 meters. The drainage holes should be filled with filter media such as gravel or coarse sand to prevent soil particles from clogging them.

[0076] Foundation construction is crucial for the stability of slope protection structures. Different foundation construction methods are employed depending on the type of slope protection. If gabion slope protection is used, the foundation excavation begins first. The excavation depth and width are determined based on the size of the gabions and design requirements. A layer of crushed stone or sand is laid at the bottom of the foundation to facilitate drainage and leveling. Then, the gabions are placed on the foundation, connected together with wire or connectors, and filled with stones to ensure their stability.

[0077] III. Slope Protection Construction: For concrete slope protection, first, install the formwork. The formwork should have sufficient strength and rigidity to ensure no deformation occurs during concrete pouring. Next, tie the reinforcing bars; the specifications and spacing of the reinforcing bars are determined according to design requirements. Finally, pour the concrete and vibrate it to ensure its strength and density. After the concrete has initially set, cure it promptly to prevent cracking.

[0078] Construction of the slope protection structure shall proceed according to the design plan. When laying gabion mesh, unfold the mesh and place it on the foundation, securing adjacent gabions with wire or connectors. When filling with stones, select hard, regularly shaped stones, and arrange them in a staggered and close-packed manner to enhance the strength and stability of the gabion mesh.

[0079] When installing precast concrete blocks, first lay a layer of sand on the slope to level it. Then, lay the precast concrete blocks according to the design pattern and sequence, and grout the joints between the blocks with cement mortar to ensure a tight connection between them.

[0080] When setting up the eco-bags, fill them with soil and fertilizer, and stack them on the slope according to a certain gradient and arrangement. Connect the eco-bags with buckles to prevent them from slipping. Plant vegetation on the surface of the eco-bags; the root system of the vegetation will tightly bind the eco-bags and soil together, forming a stable slope protection system.

[0081] When necessary, geogrids, geotextiles, or other geosynthetic materials are laid. When laying geogrids, first level and compact the slope surface, then unfold the geogrids and lay them flat on the slope. The laying direction of the geogrids should be consistent with the main stress direction of the slope, and adjacent geogrids should overlap by a certain width and be fixed with connectors. After the geogrids are laid, cover them with soil promptly to prevent them from aging due to sun exposure.

[0082] When laying geotextiles, lay them flat on the slope, covering the areas requiring filtration and isolation. The overlap width of the geotextiles should meet the design requirements, generally 20-30 cm. During the laying process, avoid damage and wrinkles to the geotextiles to ensure their filtration and isolation effects.

[0083] IV. Vegetation Planting: Depending on the slope soil conditions, add humus and organic fertilizer to improve soil structure and fertility. Humus is rich in organic matter and microorganisms, which can improve the soil's water and fertilizer retention capacity and promote vegetation growth. Organic fertilizer provides plants with comprehensive nutrients and enhances their resistance to adverse conditions. When adding humus and organic fertilizer, the proportion should be determined according to the actual soil conditions, generally 10%-30%.

[0084] Thoroughly mix humus and organic fertilizer with the original soil on the slope, using mechanical mixing or manual turning to ensure uniform soil improvement. For soils with poor texture, appropriate amounts of water-retaining agents and soil conditioners can be added to further improve the soil's physical properties.

[0085] Based on local climate, soil, and other natural conditions, select suitable herbaceous plants, shrubs, or vines. When choosing vegetation, consider not only its slope protection function but also its ecological value and landscape effect. For example, in northern regions, choose cold-resistant herbaceous plants such as Kentucky bluegrass and ryegrass; in southern regions, choose heat- and moisture-tolerant herbaceous plants such as Bermuda grass and tall fescue.

[0086] Shrubs such as Amorpha fruticosa, Robinia pseudoacacia, and Hippophae rhamnoides can be selected, as they have well-developed root systems, strong soil-binding capabilities, and can also provide habitats for wild animals. Climbing plants such as Virginia creeper and Trumpet creeper can be used for vertical greening, increasing the green coverage of slopes and beautifying the environment.

[0087] Vegetation can be planted using methods such as broadcasting, hydroseeding, and hill seeding. Broadcasting is suitable for planting on large slopes; seeds are evenly scattered on the slope, then lightly covered with a thin layer of soil and watered to retain moisture. Hydroseeding involves mixing seeds, fertilizer, water-retaining agents, and adhesives together, and then spraying the mixture onto the slope using specialized equipment to form a uniform vegetation layer. Hydroseeding has the advantages of fast construction speed, large coverage area, and high survival rate, making it suitable for planting on slopes with various complex terrains.

[0088] Hole sowing is suitable for planting shrubs or plants with larger seeds. Dig holes at regular intervals on a slope, insert the seeds or seedlings into the holes, then cover with soil and water. Water promptly after planting to keep the soil moist and ensure seed germination and seedling growth. In arid regions, water-saving irrigation methods such as drip irrigation or sprinkler irrigation can be used to improve water resource utilization efficiency.

[0089] The ecological slope protection method for engineering construction of this invention achieves an organic combination of slope protection and ecological restoration through scientific and rigorous preliminary preparation, meticulous and comprehensive slope treatment, stable and reliable slope protection structure construction, and reasonable and effective vegetation planting. It has significant economic, ecological and social benefits and is worthy of widespread promotion and application in various engineering constructions.

[0090] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An ecological slope protection structure for engineering construction, comprising a base (1) and a slope surface (2) cast on the side of the base (1), and plants are planted on the slope surface (2) to form an ecological slope, and the slope surface (2) is an inclined surface; characterized in that, The slope (2) is provided with an irrigation mechanism (5), which is used for irrigating the plants on the ecological slope with rainwater and fertilizer water; the base (1) is provided with a water storage mechanism (3), which is used for storing rainwater and fertilizer water, the water storage mechanism (3) and the irrigation mechanism (5) are connected, and the water storage mechanism (3) is provided with a drainage mechanism (4), which is used for discharging rainwater; The water storage mechanism (3) comprises a water storage assembly and a discharge assembly, the water storage assembly is used for storing rainwater and fertilizer water, rainwater is irrigated to the plant roots on the ecological slope through the irrigation mechanism (5) provided on the water storage assembly, and the discharge assembly is used for discharging excess rainwater; The water storage assembly comprises a water storage tank (32) and a sunshade plate (31) installed at the top of the water storage tank (32), the water storage tank (32) is in a U-shaped structure, and the water storage tank (32) is made of stainless steel material, a plurality of circular holes are formed in the bottom of the water storage tank (32), the circular holes are used for mounting the irrigation mechanism (5), and a through hole for collecting rainwater is formed in the sunshade plate (31), and rainwater is collected in the water storage tank (32) after passing through the through hole in the sunshade plate (31); The irrigation mechanism (5) comprises an irrigation pipeline (51) mounted in the circular hole, a plurality of branch pipelines are connected to the irrigation pipeline (51), a one-way valve is arranged on each branch pipeline, and the branch pipeline is attached to the plant roots; a supporting frame (54) is arranged on the irrigation pipeline (51), a pull rod (53) is mounted on the supporting frame (54), a floating ball (52) is arranged at the top of the pull rod (53), the floating ball (52) is located in the water storage tank (32), a first blocking piece (56) is arranged at the bottom of the pull rod (53), a second blocking piece (57) is arranged on the inner wall of the irrigation pipeline (51), the first blocking piece (56) is moved downward and is staggered with the second blocking piece (57) for drainage; a second elastic member (55) is arranged above the second blocking piece (57), the second elastic member (55) is sleeved on the pull rod (53), and the second elastic member (55) is used for pushing the pull rod (53) to reset; the contact surfaces of the first blocking piece (56) and the second blocking piece (57) are both inclined surfaces, and the two inclined surfaces are attached to each other; In order to enable the irrigation mechanism (5) to irrigate the vegetation roots, when the drainage mechanism (4) moves to drive the pull rod (53) to move, the pull rod (53) drives the first blocking block (56) and the second blocking block (57) to separate, so as to open the gap between the first blocking block (56) and the second blocking block (57), so that the water flows downward from the gap between the first blocking block (56) and the second blocking block (57), and when the water flows into the irrigation pipeline (51), the water flows to the vegetation roots through the branch pipes, and the vegetation roots are properly irrigated; the second elastic element (55) is arranged to push the pull rod (53) to move upwards, so that the first blocking block (56) and the second blocking block (57) are in close contact, and the water flow is prevented from flowing downward; the float ball (52) is arranged to move upwards, so that when there is more rain, the float ball (52) pulls the first blocking block (56) to block the second blocking block (57), and prevent more rainwater from entering the vegetation roots to wash the vegetation roots; The drainage mechanism (4) further comprises a moving plate (43) mounted on the base (1), the base (1) is provided with an inner cavity (45), the moving plate (43) is located above the inner cavity (45), and the moving plate (43) moves in the inner cavity (45); the inner cavity (45) is provided with a first elastic element (44), and the first elastic element (44) is located below the moving plate (43); the first elastic element (44) is used for pushing the moving plate (43) to reset, the moving plate (43) is provided with a connecting rod (46), the end of the connecting rod (46) is provided with a sliding rod (47), the water storage tank (32) is provided with a sliding opening (411), the sliding rod (47) is provided with a support rod (49), and the support rod (49) is connected with a latch (410), and the latch (410) is connected with the pull rod (53).

2. The ecological revetment structure of claim 1, wherein, The drainage assembly comprises a floating plate (33) arranged in the water storage tank (32), the middle part of the floating plate (33) is a hollow structure, the floating plate (33) is provided with a guide block (34), the water storage tank (32) is provided with a gap groove (36) and a guide groove (35), and the gap groove (36) and the guide groove (35) are communicated, the guide block (34) slides in the guide groove (35), and the floating plate (33) slides in the gap groove (36); the floating plate (33) is provided with a blocking plate (37), the water storage tank (32) is provided with a drainage plate (38), the drainage plate (38) extends to the inside of the water storage tank (32) through the outer wall of the water storage tank (32), the both ends of the drainage plate (38) are open, and the top of the drainage plate (38) is provided with a plug interface, and the plug interface and the blocking plate (37) are clamped together.

3. The ecological revetment structure of claim 2, wherein, The drainage mechanism (4) comprises a plurality of drainage openings (42) and drainage grooves (41) opened on the slope surface (2), and the drainage openings (42) and the drainage grooves (41) are arranged in one-to-one correspondence; the drainage groove (41) is used for draining water discharged from the drainage opening (42) to the bottom of the slope surface (2).

4. The ecological revetment structure of claim 3, wherein, An upper portion of the water storage groove (32) is provided with a supporting table (6), the supporting table (6) is cast formed, and a steel bar is embedded in the supporting table (6) during casting, and the sunshade board (31) is overlapped on the supporting table (6).

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