Agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on unmanned aerial vehicle technology

Abstract

The invention discloses an agricultural water quality on-line monitoring system based on an unmanned aerial vehicle technology, and relates to the field of agricultural intelligent water quality detection.The agricultural water quality on-line monitoring system comprises a terminal cloud platform, an unmanned aerial vehicle platform and a water quality sampler, and an unmanned aerial vehicle with stable flight performance and long cruising ability is selected in the unmanned aerial vehicle platform; an intelligent control system and a data transmission and processing module are carried, and the detected water quality data are transmitted to a terminal cloud platform for analysis and processing. Meanwhile, sampling detection of the corresponding soil layer depth can be carried out along with the tightness degree of the planting soil at the detection point, the situation that when a water sample in the planting soil is collected, surface water infiltrates to influence sampling detection data can be avoided, the data accuracy of the water sample and the surface water is effectively guaranteed, and the detection accuracy is improved. Full-chain monitoring from an input end to an action end is realized, and comprehensive digital early warning protection is carried out on an agricultural ecosystem.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of intelligent agricultural water quality detection, and in particular to an online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on unmanned aerial vehicle technology. Background Art

[0002] Agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the important sources of water pollution. Its monitoring and management are of great significance for protecting water resources and maintaining ecological balance. UAV technology provides an innovative, efficient and intelligent solution for online monitoring of agricultural non-point source water quality, which not only improves the efficiency and accuracy of water quality monitoring, but also provides more scientific and reliable data support for water quality management and environmental protection. In the future, with the continuous development and improvement of technology, UAV intelligent sampling and detection is expected to be applied and promoted in a wider range of fields. At present, we have found that when existing drones sample and test water quality, they can often only sample and test water bodies, but ignore the water quality testing in the soil layer. This shortcoming is more obvious in farmland planting areas, resulting in a lack of monitoring of the crop planting environment. Some drones that can test the water quality in the soil layer ignore the looseness of the soil when sampling and testing the water quality in the soil, which will be affected by the infiltration of upper water sources on the test data. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on drone technology to comprehensively monitor the water quality of farmland to solve the problems raised in the above background technology.

[0004] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions: an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology, comprising an upper shell, a connecting tube is fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the upper shell, and a surface detection tube for collecting and detecting vortex flow of upper water bodies is rotatably connected to the lower end surface of the surface detection tube, a central column is rotatably installed on the lower end surface of the surface detection tube, a threaded tube is slidably installed in the inner cavity of the central column, a lead screw is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the surface detection tube, the lead screw extends downward and penetrates into the inner cavity of the central column, and is threadedly connected to the threaded tube, a pressure diffusion collection component for collecting and detecting water bodies in bottom planting soil is fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the threaded tube, and an outer cover control component for collecting water bodies in the soil according to the tightness of the bottom planting soil is provided on the outer end surface of the central column, and the upper water body and the bottom planting soil in the farmland are sampled and tested, and at the same time, water samples in the bottom planting soil of different depths can be collected and tested according to the planting soil with different softness to achieve accurate water quality detection and pollution prevention and control.

[0005] Preferably, the pressure diffusion collection assembly includes a cone member fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the threaded barrel, and open chambers are equidistantly arranged on the conical surface at the bottom of the cone member, and a triangular water collection member is arranged in each of the open chambers, and the triangular end at the bottom of the triangular water collection member is rotatably connected in the open chamber, and a connecting portion is fixedly arranged on the upper end of the triangular water collection member, a through groove is arranged through the threaded barrel, and a ring sleeve is slidably sleeved on the threaded barrel, a cross plate is fixedly connected to the ring sleeve, and the cross plate slides through the through groove, a reset spring is connected between the bottom of the through groove and the lower end surface of the cross plate, and a hinged column is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the cross plate, and a connecting rod is hinged between the spherical portion at the bottom end of the hinged column and the connecting portion.

[0006] Preferably, the interior of the triangular water collecting member is hollow, and the end face close to the center line of the conical member is open, and the front and rear end faces and the top end face of the triangular water collecting member are all provided with water seepage holes.

[0007] Preferably, the outer cover control assembly includes a bottom ring and an end cover portion slidably mounted on the center cylinder, a connecting plate is fixedly connected between the lower end surface of the end cover portion and the upper end surface of the cone, and a conical spring is connected between the inner cavity end surface of the bottom ring and the lower end surface of the end cover portion.

[0008] Preferably, the outer cover control assembly also includes a pressure cover member arranged at the bottom end of the central column, the pressure cover member is slidably mounted on the threaded tube, the lower end surface of the pressure cover member abuts against the upper end surface of the ring sleeve, an outer sleeve spring is connected between the upper end surface of the pressure cover member and the end cover portion, control cavities are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the upper part of the central column, a double-headed control plate is slidably installed in each of the control cavities, a compression spring is connected between the double-headed control plate and the inner side wall of the control cavity, the bottom hook end of the double-headed control plate is embedded in the inner groove of the pressure cover member, and the arc-shaped protrusion on the upper end of the double-headed control plate extends to the outside.

[0009] Preferably, a plurality of arcuate blades are evenly spaced on the outer end surface of the surface detection tube, each of the arcuate blades is hollow inside and has two openings, one of which is connected to the inner cavity of the surface detection tube and the other opening is inclined upward.

[0010] Preferably, a power motor is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the upper shell, and a rotating shaft is fixedly connected to the output end of the power motor. The rotating shaft extends downward through the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder and is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the surface detection cylinder.

[0011] Preferably, a partition is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the pressure cover member, and the partition separates the double-head control plate from the straight tube spring. The lower end surface of the end cover part is fixedly connected to a lower extension plate, and the end cover part can be slidably inserted into the inner cavity between the partition and the central column.

[0012] Preferably, a protrusion is provided at the edge of the bottom end surface of the bottom ring member, an extension is provided at the edge of the upper end surface of the bottom ring member, and strip-shaped raised patterns are provided on the extension.

[0013] Preferably, water quality sensor modules are installed at the bottom of the inner cavity of the surface detection cylinder and the conical member, respectively.

[0014] In summary, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: The present invention samples and detects water in the surface layer and soil layer of the farmland, and can also follow the tightness of the planting soil at the detection point to adapt the sampling and detection of the corresponding soil layer depth, so as to avoid the infiltration of surface water to affect the sampling and detection data when collecting water samples in the planting soil, thereby effectively ensuring the data accuracy of both, detecting the external water source and the internal soil water source of the farmland, realizing the whole-chain monitoring from the "input end" to the "action end", and carrying out comprehensive digital early warning and protection of the agricultural ecosystem. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the process framework structure of an online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on drone technology of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a water quality sampling structure of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the main and cross-sectional structure of a water quality sampling system for online agricultural water quality monitoring based on drone technology of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at center A; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the partially enlarged structure at B in the middle; Figure 6This is a schematic structural diagram of a bottom ring member for water quality sampling in an online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on drone technology according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the water quality sampling middle end cover of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology in the present invention; Figure 8 It is a structural schematic diagram of a surface detection tube in a water quality sampling system of an online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on drone technology according to the present invention; Fig. 9 It is a structural schematic diagram of a water quality sampling mid-loop kit of an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology of the present invention; Fig.10 It is a structural schematic diagram of the unfolding of the pressure cover and the partition in the water quality sampling of the online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on the drone technology of the present invention; Fig.11 It is a structural schematic diagram of the opening of the triangular water sampling component in the water quality sampling of the online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on the drone technology of the present invention; Fig.12 It is a structural schematic diagram of a cone part in a water quality sampling system of an online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on UAV technology according to the present invention; Fig.13 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of a cone part in a water quality sampling system of an online agricultural water quality monitoring system based on drone technology according to the present invention; Fig.14 This is a structural schematic diagram of a triangular water sampling component in a water quality sampling system for online agricultural water quality monitoring based on drone technology in the present invention.

[0017] The marks in the accompanying drawings are described as follows: upper shell 10; wire rope 11; connecting tube 12; surface detection tube 13; arc blade 14; end cover 15; lower extension plate 151; conical spring 16; bottom ring 17; power motor 18; rotating shaft 19; central column 20; threaded tube 21; screw 22; connecting plate 23; straight spring 24; cross plate 25; through groove 26; ring kit 27; hinged column 28; connecting rod 29; cone part 30; triangular water sampling part 31; opening cavity 32; connecting part 33; pressure cover part 34; inner groove 35; partition 36; double-head control board 37; control inner cavity 38; water quality sensor module 40. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The present invention will now be further described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. These drawings are all simplified schematic diagrams, which only illustrate the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic way, and therefore they only show the structures related to the present invention.

[0019] To facilitate understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more comprehensively below with reference to the relevant drawings. Several embodiments of the present invention are shown in the drawings. However, the present invention can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

[0020] All features disclosed in this specification, or steps in all methods or processes disclosed, except mutually exclusive features and / or steps, can be combined in any manner.

[0021] Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any additional claims, abstract and drawings), unless otherwise stated, may be replaced by other equivalent or alternative features with similar purposes. That is, unless otherwise stated, each feature is only an example of a series of equivalent or similar features.

[0022] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly defined and specified, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of at least two elements or the interaction relationship between at least two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0023] Combine the following Figure 1-Figure 14 The present invention is described in detail. For the convenience of description, the directions mentioned below are defined as follows: the up, down, left, right, front, and back directions mentioned below are the same as Figure 2 The view direction is consistent in front, back, left, right, up and down directions. Figure 2 is a front view of the device of the present invention, Figure 2 The directions shown are consistent with the front, back, left, right, up and down directions of the device of the present invention when viewed from the front.

[0024] See also Figure 1, an embodiment provided by the present invention: an agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology, comprising a terminal cloud platform, a drone platform and a water quality sampler, wherein the drone platform is a drone with stable flight performance and long endurance, equipped with an intelligent control system and a data transmission and processing module, and the detected water quality data is transmitted to the terminal cloud platform for analysis and processing, and a water quality monitoring report and early warning information are generated, and the water quality sampler is installed on the drone. After the drone arrives at the monitoring point, the water quality sampler is controlled to fall into the farmland water body for sampling and detection, and the water quality sensor module installed inside the water quality sampler directly detects the collected water samples to monitor key water quality parameters in the water body, such as pH value, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, conductivity, etc.; Most of our traditional tests are to test the water quality of the upper water body, ignoring the water quality test in the planting soil, which cannot provide early warning and maintenance for the farmland ecosystem. Surface water includes irrigation water, rainwater runoff, field water and other liquid water sources that are in direct contact with the soil. The core reasons for its detection are as follows: 1. Tracking external pollution sources Industrial or domestic sewage: If the irrigation water source is contaminated by upstream industrial wastewater (such as heavy metals, organic pollutants) or domestic sewage (such as antibiotics, pathogens), direct use will lead to soil and crop contamination.

[0025] Agricultural non-point source pollution: When rainfall washes the surface of farmland, pesticide and fertilizer residues will enter rivers or groundwater with runoff. Testing can assess the risk of pollution spread.

[0026] 2. Optimize irrigation water quality Salt and pH control: Irrigation water with high salt or extreme pH can damage soil structure (such as sodium ions causing clay compaction). After testing, you can add amendments (such as gypsum) or adjust the water source.

[0027] Pathogen prevention and control: Using untreated livestock and poultry manure for irrigation may carry pathogens (such as E. coli). Testing can prevent fruit and vegetable contamination from causing food safety issues.

[0028] 3. Regulations and ecological protection Compliance with emission standards: If agricultural drainage flows into natural water bodies, it must comply with environmental emission standards (such as total phosphorus and total nitrogen limits) to avoid eutrophication (such as blue algae outbreaks in rivers).

[0029] Soil water (i.e. soil solution) is the medium through which crop roots directly absorb water and nutrients. The key reasons for its detection include: 1. Assessing crop nutrient availability Dynamic nutrient monitoring: The concentrations of nitrogen (nitrate nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen), phosphorus, and potassium in the soil solution reflect the immediate nutrient supply capacity and guide precise fertilization.

[0030] For example: If the concentration of nitrate nitrogen in the soil solution is too high, it indicates excessive fertilization, which may cause excessive growth or environmental pollution, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer needs to be reduced.

[0031] 2. Diagnose soil health problems Salinization warning: The electrical conductivity (EC) of the soil solution directly indicates the degree of salt accumulation. For example, when the EC value in salinized soil exceeds the crop tolerance threshold (such as 3 dS / m), leaching is required to remove salt.

[0032] Heavy metal migration risk: The concentration of pollutants (such as lead and arsenic) in soil solution reflects their bioavailability. High concentrations can be absorbed by crops and need to be fixed by passivators (such as biochar).

[0033] 3. Revealing the vertical migration of pollutants Groundwater protection: Pollutants seeping down from the surface soil may contaminate groundwater.

[0034] We found that there are planting soils with different degrees of softness in the farmland, and the infiltration degree of the upper water body in the planting soils with different degrees of softness is also different. For some soft planting soils, the upper pores are larger and have better connectivity, which will increase the rate and total amount of water infiltration, because water can more easily flow downward through large pores. Therefore, in this case, it is necessary to collect deeper water samples for water quality testing. On the contrary, for some planting soils with higher hardness, it is not necessary to collect too many deep water samples for water quality testing. Excessive collection of deep water samples will cause abnormal deviations in the water quality test data of farmland. To this end, in the present embodiment, the water quality sampler comprises a driving component part, an upper water body collection and detection part, a pressure diffusion collection component of the water body collection and detection part in the planting soil, and an outer cover control component of the water body collection depth part adapted to the tightness of the planting soil. It can sample and detect the water body in the upper water body and the bottom planting soil in the farmland, and at the same time, it can collect and detect water samples in the bottom planting soil at different depths according to the planting soil with different degrees of softness to achieve accurate water quality detection and pollution prevention and control.

[0035] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 3 and Figure 8 In this embodiment, the driving component includes an upper shell 10, a wire rope 11, a connecting tube 12 and a power motor 18, wherein the upper end of the upper shell 10 is connected to the drone through the wire rope 11, and the rise and fall of the water quality sampler is controlled by controlling the retraction and extension of the wire rope 11, and the power motor 18 is installed in the inner cavity of the upper shell 10, and the output end is connected to a rotating shaft 19.

[0036] The upper water body collection and detection part includes a surface detection cylinder 13, an arc-shaped blade 14 and a water quality sensor module 40, wherein the surface detection cylinder 13 is rotatably connected to the connecting cylinder 12, and the upper end surface is also fixedly connected to the rotating shaft 19, and a central column 20 is rotatably installed at the bottom of the surface detection cylinder 13, and a lead screw 22 is fixedly connected, and the lead screw 22 rotates and penetrates into the inner cavity of the central column 20, and the arc-shaped blades 14 are equidistantly distributed and installed around the surface detection cylinder 13, and the openings of the arc-shaped blades 14 are all inclined upward, and the inside is connected to the inner cavity of the surface detection cylinder 13; Obviously, when the rotating shaft 19 rotates counterclockwise, it will drive the surface detection cylinder 13 to rotate, thereby forming a vortex around the arc-shaped blade 14. The vortex can fully mix the surrounding water samples, so that the water flows through the arc-shaped blade 14 into the inner cavity of the surface detection cylinder 13 for collection, and the water quality sensor module 40 detects the sampled water quality, which can greatly ensure the uniformity of the sampled water quality and the accuracy of the data, thereby completing the sampling and detection of the upper water body.

[0037] refer to Figure 4 , Fig. 9 and Fig.11 — Fig.14 In this embodiment, the pressure-expanding collection component of the water collection and detection part in the planting soil includes a threaded cylinder 21, a horizontal plate 25, a ring set 27, a hinged column 28, a cone 30, a triangular water collection member 31 and a water quality sensor module 40; The threaded tube 21 is slidably connected in the inner cavity of the central column 20 and is threadedly connected to the lead screw 22, wherein a through groove 26 is provided through the threaded tube 21, and the ring set 27 is slidably sleeved on the threaded tube 21, at this time, the cross plate 25 in the ring set 27 slides through the through groove 26, and a reset spring is connected between the bottom of the through groove 26 and the lower end surface of the cross plate 25, the hinge column 28 is fixedly connected to the cross plate 25, and the ball at the bottom of the hinge column 28 is connected to the upper end of the triangular water collecting member 31. A connecting rod 29 is hinged between the connecting parts 33, and four opening cavities 32 are equidistantly arranged on the conical surface at the bottom of the cone member 30, and a triangular water collecting member 31 is arranged in each of the opening cavities 32. The triangular end of the bottom of the triangular water collecting member 31 is rotatably connected in the opening cavities 32, so that the triangular water collecting member 31 can rotate outward, and the interior of the triangular water collecting member 31 is hollow, and the end face on one side close to the center line of the cone member 30 is open, and the front and rear end faces and the top end face of the triangular water collecting member 31 are distributed with water seepage holes.

[0038] When collecting water in the planting soil, the cone 30 will be driven by the threaded cylinder 21 to be inserted downward into the planting soil, and the tip of the bottom end of the cone 30 can fully break the soil. After the cone 30 penetrates into the planting soil, the ring set 27 will press downward, so that the hinge column 28 presses downward to push the four triangular water collection pieces 31 to turn outward away from the center line of the cone 30. Fig.10 During the eversion process, the side of the triangular water-collecting member 31 without the seepage holes will squeeze the surrounding planting soil, so that the water contained in the planting soil will be squeezed and flow into the inner cavity of the conical member 30 from the seepage holes, allowing the water quality sensor module 40 to detect the sampled water quality, thereby squeezing the planting soil to collect and detect the water contained therein, which can effectively prevent the upper water from mixing in and affecting the detection data.

[0039] refer to Figure 2 , Figure 4 — Figure 7 , Fig.10 In this embodiment, the outer cover control component of the planting soil tightness adapted to the water collection depth portion includes an end cover portion 15, a conical spring 16, a bottom ring 17 and a pressure cover 34, wherein the end cover portion 15 is slidably sleeved on the central cylinder 20, and four connecting plates 23 are fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the cone 30, and the connecting plates 23 are distributed around the central cylinder 20. It should be noted that the four connecting plates 23 can be replaced by an annular tube of the same thickness, and the conical spring 16 is connected between the end cover portion 15 and the bottom ring 17, and the bottom ring 17 is directly in contact with the planting soil, and the pressure cover 34 The sleeve is slidably mounted on the threaded cylinder 21, the lower end face of the gland member 34 abuts against the upper end face of the ring sleeve 27, a jacket spring is connected between the upper end face of the gland member 34 and the end cover portion 15, a control inner cavity 38 is respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the center column 20, a double-headed control plate 37 is slidably mounted in each of the control inner cavities 38, a compression spring is connected between the double-headed control plate 37 and the inner side wall of the control inner cavity 38, the bottom hook end of the double-headed control plate 37 is embedded in the inner groove 35 in the gland member 34, the gland member 34 is hooked and limited, and the arc-shaped protrusion at the upper end of the double-headed control plate 37 extends to the outside; Specifically, the bottom ring 17 stands on the planting soil where water sampling is required, and when the water quality sampling test is started, the rotation of the lead screw 22 drives the threaded cylinder 21 to slide downward, thereby driving the cone 30 to be inserted downward into the planting soil, and the end cover 15 will move downward together. At this time, the conical spring 16 and the straight spring 24 will be squeezed and contracted together, so that the conical spring 16 and the straight spring 24 continue to accumulate force. As the depth of the cone 30 inserted downward into the planting soil increases, the conical spring 16 and the straight spring 24 will contract more and more tightly, and the elastic force contained will become greater and greater. The bottom ring 17 is on the surface of the planting soil, and there will be a downward pressure after being subjected to the elastic force of the conical spring 16, so that the bottom ring 17 is squeezed to the surface of the planting soil. In the process of gradual tightening of the conical spring 16, the force on the bottom ring 17 becomes greater and greater. At this time, the specific situation is distinguished according to the tightness of the planting soil: If the planting soil is relatively compact, it can withstand a relatively large squeezing force without causing the bottom ring 17 to sink. At this time, the bottom ring 17 is still on the surface of the planting soil, which means that the surface water is not easy to seep in, so there is no need to sample deeper into the soil. At this time, as the cone 30 continues to be inserted downward, the lower extension plate 151, which is fitted with the lower end surface of the end cover 15 and the outer surface of the central column 20, will move downward along the central column 20 until it abuts against the arc-shaped protrusion at the upper end of the double-headed control plate 37, thereby triggering the double-headed control plate 37 to slide inward, allowing the hook-shaped end at the bottom to be released from the upper cavity wall of the inner groove 35. The cover member 34 slides downwards, and due to the contraction force of the straight-cylinder spring 24 on the upper side, a downward elastic force is exerted on the cover member 34, causing the cover member 34 to hit the ring sleeve 27 downwards, thereby giving the hinged column 28 an initial huge impact force to open the triangular water-collecting member 31 outwards to squeeze the planting soil. After the initial impact, due to the contraction force of the straight-cylinder spring 24, there will be subsequent continuous squeezing force, allowing the triangular water-collecting member 31 to continue to squeeze the planting soil around the detection point, so that the water contained in the planting soil is squeezed from the seepage hole into the inner cavity of the cone member 30 for sampling and detection.

[0040] If the planting soil is relatively soft and cannot withstand a relatively large squeezing force, the bottom ring 17 will sink under the force of the conical spring 16, and the bottom ring 17 will sink into the planting soil. The entire sampling point will move downward in the vertical direction relative to the initial position, which means that the surface water is prone to infiltrate, and sampling is required in deeper soil. The bottom ring 17 will sink under the continuous contraction pressure of the conical spring 16 until it can no longer sink. The looser the soil, the greater the depth of the sinking, and thus the greater the sampling depth. This can prevent the infiltration of surface water from affecting the sampling and detection data when collecting water samples in the planting soil, and excessive depth will deviate from the data materials required for detection, affecting the early warning of the farmland ecosystem.

[0041] It should be noted that in order to avoid the cover member 34 from being accidentally triggered to move downward, in the present embodiment, a partition plate 36 is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the cover member 34, and the partition plate 36 separates the double-head control plate 37 from the straight tube spring 24, and the end cover portion 15 can be slidably inserted into the inner cavity between the partition plate 36 and the central column 20.

[0042] It should also be noted that, in the present embodiment, a protrusion is provided at the edge of the bottom end face of the bottom ring member 17 to facilitate the stabilization of the bottom ring member 17 on the planting soil. At the same time, an extension is provided at the edge of the upper end face of the bottom ring member 17, and a strip-shaped raised pattern is provided on the extension. The friction of the strip-shaped raised pattern can effectively prevent the bottom ring member 17 from sinking too deep.

[0043] In the specific implementation, with the planting farmland area as the background, the surface water in the farmland and the water in the planting soil are sampled and tested. Combined analysis can fully guarantee the health of crops, soil sustainability and ecological safety. The drone is controlled to fly to the designated detection point on the terminal cloud platform. At least three drones are set up in each planting farmland area. The distribution of the drones is equidistant on the diagonal of the planting farmland to sample and test the water quality in the farmland. After the drone arrives at the designated location, the water quality sampler is lowered into the farmland, and the bottom ring 17 stands on the planting On the soil, the water quality at each point and the water quality in the soil are sampled and tested, the power motor 18 is started, and the shaft 19 drives the surface detection tube 13 to rotate counterclockwise so that a vortex is formed around the arc blade 14. The vortex can fully mix the surrounding water samples, so that the water flows through the arc blade 14 into the inner cavity of the surface detection tube 13 for collection, and the water quality sensor module 40 detects the sampled water quality. While rotating, the lead screw 22 drives the threaded tube 21 to move downward, and the Shudie cone 30 moves into the planting soil at the detection point. Insertion, while the cone member 30 continues to be inserted downward, the lower extension plate 151 that is arranged in contact with the outer surface of the center column 20 at the lower end surface of the end cover portion 15 will move downward along the center column 20 until it abuts against the arc-shaped protrusion at the upper end of the double-head control plate 37, thereby triggering the double-head control plate 37 to slide inward, allowing the hook-shaped end at the bottom to disengage from the upper cavity wall of the inner groove 35, so that the pressure cover member 34 slides downward. Due to the contraction force of the straight cylinder spring 24 on the upper side, there is a downward elastic force on the pressure cover member 34, causing the pressure cover member 34 to hit the ring set 2 downward. 7, thereby giving the hinged column 28 an initial huge impact force to open the triangular water collection member 31 outward to squeeze the planting soil. After the initial impact, due to the contraction force of the straight spring 24, there will be a subsequent continuous squeezing force, so that the triangular water collection member 31 will continue to squeeze the planting soil around the detection point, so that the water contained in the planting soil is squeezed from the seepage hole into the inner cavity of the cone member 30 for sampling and detection, and the surface water and soil layer water detection data are transmitted to the terminal cloud platform through the data transmission and processing module for analysis and summary: There are limitations to detecting surface water or soil water separately. Joint analysis can improve management accuracy: 1. Identify the sources of pollution Input and accumulation comparison: If the concentration of pollutants (such as pesticides) in surface water is low, but the concentration in soil solution is high, it indicates that the pollutants may come from historical residues or deep migration, and soil remediation is required.

[0044] 2. Optimize integrated water and fertilizer management Dynamic regulation: Combine irrigation water quality (such as calcium and magnesium content) and soil solution nutrient data to adjust the water-fertilizer formula. For example, in hard water areas where irrigation water contains high calcium, the addition of calcium fertilizer can be reduced.

[0045] 3. Ecological risk modeling Predict long-term impacts: Using surface water input data (such as annual irrigation volume, pollutant load) and soil solution accumulation data, simulate the 10-year change trend of salt or heavy metals in the upper shell and develop preventive measures.

[0046] Some of the test indicators can be: The core indicators of surface water are: pH, EC, heavy metals, total nitrogen / phosphorus, and pathogens; Significance of detection: Ensure irrigation safety, prevent external pollution input, and reduce non-point source pollution.

[0047] The core indicators of soil water are: nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, EC, heavy metals, and pH; Detection significance: Diagnose root environment, warn of salinization / acidification, and guide precise fertilization and pollution remediation.

[0048] Testing surface water and soil water in farmland is essentially a full-chain monitoring from the “input end” to the “action end”; Surface water testing: Control external risks and prevent pollutants from entering the farmland system; Soil and water testing: Accurately manage the crop growth environment to prevent soil degradation and groundwater pollution.

[0049] The combination of the two can provide data support for the sustainable development of agriculture, realize the closed-loop management of "source control-process optimization-terminal safety", and ultimately ensure food security, ecological security and farmers' economic benefits.

[0050] The above is only a specific implementation of the invention, but the protection scope of the invention is not limited to it. Any changes or substitutions that are not conceived through creative work should be included in the protection scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the invention should be based on the protection scope defined in the claims.

Claims

1. An agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology, comprising an upper housing (10), characterized in that: A connecting tube (12) is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the upper shell (10), and a surface detection tube (13) for collecting and detecting vortex flow of upper water bodies is rotatably connected to the lower end surface of the connecting tube (12). A central column (20) is rotatably mounted on the lower end surface of the surface detection tube (13), and a threaded tube (21) is slidably mounted in the inner cavity of the central column (20). A lead screw (22) is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the surface detection tube (13), and the lead screw (22) extends downward and penetrates into the inner cavity of the central column (20) and is threadedly connected to the threaded tube (21). A pressure diffuser collection component for collecting and detecting water bodies in bottom planting soil is fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the threaded tube (21), and an outer cover control component for collecting water bodies in the soil by adapting to a corresponding depth according to the tightness of the bottom planting soil is provided on the outer end surface of the central column (20).

2. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 1 is characterized by: The pressure diffusion collection assembly comprises a cone member (30) fixedly mounted on the lower end surface of the threaded barrel (21); open cavities (32) are evenly spaced on the cone surface at the bottom of the cone member (30); a triangular water collection member (31) is arranged in each of the open cavities (32); the triangular end of the bottom of the triangular water collection member (31) is rotatably connected in the open cavities (32); a connecting portion (33) is fixedly arranged at the upper end of the triangular water collection member (31); and a connecting portion (33) is arranged through the threaded barrel (21). A through groove (26), a ring sleeve (27) is slidably sleeved on the threaded cylinder (21), a transverse plate (25) is fixedly connected in the ring sleeve (27), the transverse plate (25) slides through the through groove (26), a return spring is connected between the bottom of the through groove (26) and the lower end surface of the transverse plate (25), a hinge column (28) is fixedly connected to the lower end surface of the transverse plate (25), and a connecting rod (29) is hinged between the spherical part at the bottom end of the hinge column (28) and the connecting part (33).

3. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 2 is characterized by: The interior of the triangular water collecting member (31) is hollow, and the end surface close to the center line of the conical member (30) is open. The front and rear end surfaces and the top end surface of the triangular water collecting member (31) are all provided with water seepage holes.

4. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 3 is characterized by: The outer cover control assembly includes a bottom ring (17) and an end cover (15) slidably mounted on the central cylinder (20); a connecting plate (23) is fixedly connected between the lower end surface of the end cover (15) and the upper end surface of the conical member (30); and a conical spring (16) is connected between the inner cavity end surface of the bottom ring (17) and the lower end surface of the end cover (15).

5. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 4 is characterized by: The outer cover control assembly also includes a pressure cover member (34) arranged at the bottom end of the central column (20), the pressure cover member (34) is slidably mounted on the threaded tube (21), the lower end surface of the pressure cover member (34) abuts against the upper end surface of the ring sleeve (27), and a sleeve spring is connected between the upper end surface of the pressure cover member (34) and the end cover portion (15). The central column (20) is provided with control cavities (38) on the left and right sides respectively, and a double-headed control plate (37) is slidably installed in each of the control cavities (38), and a compression spring is connected between the double-headed control plate (37) and the inner side wall of the control cavity (38). The bottom hook end of the double-headed control plate (37) is embedded in the inner groove (35) in the pressure cover member (34), and the arc-shaped protrusion at the upper end of the double-headed control plate (37) extends to the outside.

6. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 5 is characterized by: A plurality of arc-shaped blades (14) are evenly spaced on the outer end surface of the surface detection tube (13); each arc-shaped blade (14) is hollow inside and has two openings, one of which is connected to the inner cavity of the surface detection tube (13) and the other opening is inclined upward.

7. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 6 is characterized by: A power motor (18) is fixedly installed in the inner cavity of the upper shell (10), and a rotating shaft (19) is fixedly connected to the output end of the power motor (18). The rotating shaft (19) extends downwardly through the inner cavity of the connecting cylinder (12) and is fixedly connected to the upper end surface of the surface detection cylinder (13).

8. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 7 is characterized by: A partition (36) is fixedly installed on the upper end surface of the pressure cover (34), and the partition (36) separates the double-head control plate (37) from the straight cylinder spring (24). The lower end surface of the end cover (15) is fixedly connected with a lower extension plate (151), and the end cover (15) can be slidably inserted into the inner cavity between the partition (36) and the central column (20).

9. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 8 is characterized by: The bottom end surface of the bottom ring member (17) is provided with a protrusion at the edge position, and the upper end surface of the bottom ring member (17) is provided with an extension at the edge position, and the extension is provided with a strip-shaped raised pattern.

10. The agricultural water quality online monitoring system based on drone technology according to claim 9 is characterized by: The surface detection cylinder (13) and the inner cavity bottom of the cone (30) are respectively installed with water quality sensor modules (40).

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