Method and system for calculating state of charge of battery

Abstract

A method of calculating a state of charge (SOC) of a battery includes: calculating, by at least one processor, a state of charge (SOC) of the battery; obtaining, by the at least one processor, a temperature of the battery; calculating, by the at least one processor, a plurality of temperatures associated with a plurality of SOCs of the battery based on the obtained temperatures, the plurality of SOCs progressively degraded by stages from the calculated SOC of the battery; determining, by the at least one processor, a specific SOC associated with a discharge endpoint of the battery based on the calculated plurality of temperatures; and determining, by the at least one processor, a trend of change in the SOC of the battery based on the determined particular SOC.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] Aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a method of calculating a state of charge of a battery. Background Art

[0002] Unlike primary batteries that are not designed for (re)charging, secondary batteries (or rechargeable batteries) are batteries designed for discharge and recharging. Low-capacity secondary batteries are used in portable small electronic devices such as smartphones, feature phones, notebook computers, digital cameras and video cameras. Large-capacity secondary batteries are widely used as power sources for driving motors in hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles and / or for storing electricity (e.g., household-scale and / or utility-scale power storage devices).

[0003] Because the amount of operating time of a battery may be limited, it may be desirable to have accurate information about the state of charge (SOC) of the battery. Thus, the SOC of the battery may be calculated by predicting the SOC change of the battery according to the voltage change in the battery and based on a lookup table including prediction result data. However, in the event that the temperature of the battery changes rapidly, there may be a difference between the calculated SOC and the actual available SOC.

[0004] The above information disclosed in this Background section is for enhancement of understanding of the background of the present disclosure and therefore it may contain information that does not constitute the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be directed to methods and systems for calculating an actual available state of charge (SOC) of a battery based on a changing temperature of the battery.

[0006] However, the aspects and features of the present disclosure are not limited thereto, and a person of ordinary skill in the art may understand other aspects and features of the present disclosure from the following description.

[0007] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for calculating the state of charge of a battery includes: calculating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery by at least one processor; obtaining the temperature of the battery by at least one processor; calculating multiple temperatures associated with multiple SOCs of the battery based on the obtained temperatures by at least one processor, the multiple SOCs progressively downgraded in grade from the calculated SOC of the battery; determining a specific SOC associated with a discharge endpoint of the battery based on the calculated multiple temperatures by at least one processor; and determining a changing trend of the SOC of the battery based on the determined specific SOC by at least one processor.

[0008] In an embodiment, the method may further include: obtaining, by at least one processor, a voltage of a battery after determining a change trend of the SOC; and calculating, by at least one processor, an SOC to be output based on the obtained voltage of the battery and the change trend of the SOC.

[0009] In an embodiment, the method may also include: determining, by at least one processor, a range of available SOC based on a determined specific SOC after determining a trend of change in the SOC; determining, by at least one processor, a discharge ratio of the battery based on the range of available SOC; obtaining, by at least one processor, a voltage of the battery; and calculating, by at least one processor, an SOC to be output based on the obtained battery voltage and the discharge ratio of the battery.

[0010] In an embodiment, the calculation of the plurality of temperatures may include calculating, by at least one processor, the plurality of temperatures associated with the progressively degraded plurality of SOCs based on a table including temperature changes according to an amount of energy change.

[0011] In an embodiment, the determination of the specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint may include determining, by the at least one processor, an SOC associated with a temperature exceeding a threshold temperature as the specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint based on the calculated plurality of temperatures.

[0012] In an embodiment, calculation of multiple temperatures may include: calculating, by at least one processor, a first temperature associated with a first SOC, the first SOC being downgraded in stages from a calculated SOC of the battery; and calculating, by at least one processor, a second temperature associated with a second SOC, the second SOC being downgraded in stages from the first SOC.

[0013] In an embodiment, calculation of the first temperature may include: calculating, by at least one processor, voltage, current, and resistance based on the first SOC; and calculating, by at least one processor, the first temperature based on the obtained battery temperature, the calculated voltage, the calculated current, and the calculated resistance.

[0014] In an embodiment, the calculation of the first temperature may include: calculating, by at least one processor, to calculate the amount of temperature change in the first SOC; and to calculate the first temperature based on the calculated amount of temperature change by at least one processor. Here, ΔT i may be the amount of temperature change associated with a degraded SOC according to level i, Q max may be the maximum capacity of the battery, ΔS may be the amount by which the SOC changes, k may be the temperature coefficient, I may be the current, and R may be the resistance.

[0015] In an embodiment, the calculation of the first temperature may include calculating, by at least one processor, Here, k can be the temperature coefficient, dT can be the temperature change, I can be the current, p can be the number of battery cells, dt can be the time change, and ESR can be the equivalent resistance.

[0016] In an embodiment, determination of a specific SOC associated with an endpoint of discharge may include: determining, by at least one processor based on a plurality of calculated temperatures, whether a temperature of the battery exceeds a threshold temperature before a voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than a final discharge voltage; and if it is determined that the temperature of the battery exceeds the threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage, determining, by at least one processor, an SOC associated with a temperature exceeding the threshold temperature as the specific SOC associated with an endpoint of discharge.

[0017] In an embodiment, determining the change trend of the SOC may include: if the SOC associated with the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature is determined as a specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint, determining, by at least one processor, the change trend of the SOC so that the range of available SOC may be reduced.

[0018] In an embodiment, determining the change trend of the SOC may include: if the SOC associated with the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature is determined as a specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint, determining the change trend of the SOC by at least one processor so that the SOC change rate associated with the discharge can be faster.

[0019] In an embodiment, determination of a specific SOC associated with an endpoint of discharge may include: calculating, by at least one processor, a plurality of voltages associated with a plurality of SOCs of a battery, the plurality of SOCs being progressively degraded in stages from a calculated SOC of the battery; determining, by at least one processor, an SOC associated with a final discharge voltage based on the calculated voltages, at which the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage; and determining, by at least one processor, the SOC associated with the final discharge voltage as the specific SOC associated with an endpoint of discharge if it is determined that the temperature of the battery does not exceed a threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage.

[0020] In an embodiment, a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium may include instructions executable by at least one processor to perform the method.

[0021] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, a battery management system includes: at least one processor; and a memory including at least one computer-readable program, the at least one computer-readable program being executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to: calculate a state of charge (SOC) of a battery; obtain a temperature of the battery; calculate multiple temperatures associated with multiple SOCs of the battery based on the obtained temperatures, the multiple SOCs of the battery progressively degraded in levels from the calculated SOC of the battery; determine a specific SOC associated with a discharge endpoint of the battery based on the calculated multiple temperatures; and determine a change trend of the SOC based on the determined specific SOC.

[0022] In an embodiment, the at least one program may further cause the at least one processor to: obtain a voltage of the battery; and calculate an SOC to be output based on the obtained voltage of the battery and a change trend of the SOC.

[0023] In an embodiment, at least one program may also cause at least one processor to: determine a range of available SOC based on a determined specific SOC; determine a discharge ratio of the battery based on the range of available SOC; obtain a voltage of the battery; and calculate the SOC to be output based on the obtained battery voltage and the discharge ratio of the battery.

[0024] In an embodiment, in order to calculate multiple temperatures, at least one program may also cause at least one processor to: calculate a first temperature associated with a first SOC, the first SOC being downgraded in level from the calculated SOC of the battery; and calculate a second temperature associated with a second SOC, the second SOC being downgraded in level from the first SOC.

[0025] In an embodiment, in order to determine a specific SOC associated with a discharge endpoint, at least one program may also cause at least one processor to: determine, based on the calculated temperature, whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than a final discharge voltage; and if it is determined that the temperature of the battery exceeds the threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage, determine the SOC associated with the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature as the specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint.

[0026] In an embodiment, in order to determine the changing trend of the SOC, at least one program may also enable at least one processor to: if the SOC associated with a temperature exceeding a threshold temperature is determined to be a specific SOC associated with a discharge endpoint, determine the changing trend of the SOC so that the SOC change rate associated with discharge is faster.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, the temperature change of the battery can be predicted, and the actual available SOC can be calculated and output based on the predicted temperature change. Accordingly, at the end of the discharge of the battery where the temperature of the battery reaches the threshold temperature, the phenomenon that the SOC of the battery is displayed as still available can be reduced.

[0028] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, by performing control such that the SOC of a battery is displayed as little or nothing (eg, 0) at a point in time when the battery is discharged according to a temperature change, the use satisfaction of the battery may be improved.

[0029] According to some embodiments of the present disclosure, a temperature change of a battery may be accurately predicted by predicting the temperature of the battery based on an amount of energy change.

[0030] However, aspects and features of the present disclosure are not limited to those described above, and additional aspects and features will be set forth in part in the detailed description that follows with reference to the accompanying drawings, and in part may be apparent therefrom, or may be learned by practicing one or more of the presented embodiments of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] The above and other aspects and features of the present disclosure will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description of illustrative, non-limiting embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0032] Figure 1 A block diagram illustrating a schematic configuration of a battery management system according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0033] Figure 2 A block diagram illustrating an internal configuration of a processor according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure is shown.

[0034] Figure 3 is a graph showing a temperature change trend according to an amount of energy change according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 4 is a graph showing an example of a voltage change trend and a temperature change trend of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0036] Figure 5 is a graph showing another example of a voltage change trend and a temperature change trend of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 6 is a graph showing another example of a voltage change trend and a temperature change trend of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0038] Figure 7is a graph showing another example of a voltage change trend and a temperature change trend of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 8 is a graph illustrating an example of a fluctuating SOC change trend according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0040] Fig. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method of measuring the SOC of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0041] Fig.10 The present invention is a method for Fig. 9 A flow chart of more details of the process of calculating multiple temperatures in the method. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0042] Hereinafter, the embodiments will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the same reference numerals always refer to the same elements. However, the present disclosure may be embodied in various different forms and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments shown herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided as examples so that the present disclosure will be thorough and complete, and the aspects and features of the present disclosure will be fully conveyed to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, for those of ordinary skill in the art, processes, elements and techniques that are not necessary for a complete understanding of the aspects and features of the present disclosure may not be described. Unless otherwise stated, in all drawings and written descriptions, the same reference numerals represent the same elements, and therefore, their redundant descriptions may not be repeated.

[0043] When a certain embodiment can be implemented differently, the specific processing order can be different from the order described. For example, two processes described in succession can be performed simultaneously or substantially simultaneously, or can be performed in the order opposite to the order described.

[0044] In the accompanying drawings, for the sake of clarity, the relative size, thickness and ratio of elements, layers and regions may be exaggerated and / or simplified. For ease of explanation, spatial relative terms such as "below", "below", "lower", "below", "above", "upper" can be used in this article to describe the relationship between an element or feature and another element or feature shown in the figure. It will be understood that, in addition to the orientation depicted in the figure, the spatial relative terms are intended to cover the different orientations of the device in use or operation. For example, if the device in the figure is turned over, the elements described as "below" or "below" or "below" of other elements or features will be oriented "above" other elements or features. Therefore, the example terms "below" and "below" can cover both above and below. The device can be oriented in other ways (for example, rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptors used herein should be interpreted accordingly.

[0045] Any numerical range disclosed and / or described herein is intended to include all subranges of the same numerical precision contained in the range. For example, the range of "1.0 to 10.0" is intended to include all subranges between the minimum value 1.0 (inclusive) and the maximum value 10.0 (inclusive), that is, the minimum value is equal to or greater than 1.0 and the maximum value is equal to or less than 10.0, such as 2.4 to 7.6. Any maximum numerical limit described herein is intended to include all lower numerical limits contained therein, and any minimum numerical limit described in this specification is intended to include all higher numerical limits contained therein.

[0046] It will be understood that although the terms "first", "second", "third", etc. can be used in this article to describe various elements, components, regions, layers and / or intervals, these elements, components, regions, layers and / or intervals should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or interval from another element, component, region, layer or interval. Therefore, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, the first element, component, region, layer or interval described below can be referred to as the second element, component, region, layer or interval.

[0047] It will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "on," "connected to," or "coupled to" another element or layer, it can be directly on, directly connected to, or directly coupled to the other element or layer, or one or more intervening elements or layers may be present. Similarly, when a layer, region, or element is referred to as being "electrically connected to" another layer, region, or element, it can be directly electrically connected to the other layer, region, or element, and / or can be indirectly electrically connected to one or more intervening layers, regions, or elements therebetween. Furthermore, it will be understood that when an element or layer is referred to as being "between" two elements or layers, it can be the only element or layer between the two elements or layers, or one or more intervening elements or layers may also be present.

[0048] The terms used herein are to describe specific embodiments, rather than to limit the present disclosure. As used herein, the singular forms "a" and "a" are also intended to include plural forms, unless the context clearly states otherwise. It will also be understood that the terms "comprises", "comprising", "includes", "including", "has", "have" and "having" specify the presence of the features, integers, steps, operations, elements and / or components when used in this specification, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components and / or their groups. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items. For example, the expression "A and / or B" means A, B or A and B. Expressions such as "at least one of ... " modify the entire element list when after the element list, without modifying the individual elements of the list. For example, the expressions "at least one of a, b or c", "at least one of a, b and c", and "at least one selected from the group consisting of a, b and c" indicate only a, only b, only c, both a and b, both a and c, both b and c, all of a, b and c, or variations thereof.

[0049] Reference to two compared elements, features, etc. being "the same" as one another may mean that they are "substantially the same" as one another. Thus, for example, the phrase "substantially the same" may include cases where deviations are considered low in the art, such as a deviation of 5% or less. Furthermore, when a parameter is referred to as being uniform in a given area, this may mean that it is uniform with respect to an average value.

[0050] In addition, the term "module" or "unit" used herein refers to a software or hardware component, and a "module" or "unit" performs certain roles. However, the meaning of a "module" or "unit" is not limited to software or hardware. A "module" or "unit" may be configured to be located in an addressable storage medium or configured to run one or more processors. Accordingly, as an example, a "module" or "unit" may include components such as software components, object-oriented software components, class components, and task components, as well as at least one of a process, a function, a property, a process, a subroutine, a program code segment, a driver, a firmware, a microcode, a circuit, data, a database, a data structure, a table, an array, and a variable. In addition, the functions provided in the components and "modules" or "units" may be combined into a smaller number of components and "modules" or "units", or further divided into additional components and "modules" or "units". In the present disclosure, "each A in a plurality of A" may refer to each component of all components included in A, or to each component of some components included in A.

[0051] As used herein, the terms "substantially," "approximately," and similar terms are used as terms of approximation rather than terms of degree, and are intended to take into account the inherent variations in measurements or calculations that one of ordinary skill in the art will recognize. In addition, "may" used in describing embodiments of the present disclosure refers to "one or more embodiments of the present disclosure." As used herein, the terms "use," "using," and "used" may be considered synonymous with the terms "utilize," "utilizing," and "utilized," respectively.

[0052] Unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present disclosure belongs. It will also be understood that terms (such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries) should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant art and / or this specification, and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense, unless explicitly defined as such in this article.

[0053] As used herein, the term "state of charge (SOC)" refers to the remaining capacity that can be discharged from a battery. The terms "remaining capacity" and "SOC" may be used interchangeably herein.

[0054] First, experimental data will be described in the case where the temperature of the battery reaches a threshold temperature and the discharge is terminated regardless of the remaining capacity (SOC) of the battery. The battery management system can be designed to force the battery to terminate the discharge in order to maintain the stability of the battery in the case where the temperature of the battery is rising rapidly. In such a situation, even if the SOC is still available, the discharge of the battery may be terminated if the temperature of the battery reaches the threshold temperature.

[0055] Table 1 shows experimental data from tests performed on a battery mounted on a cordless vacuum cleaner.

[0056] Table 1:

[0057]

[0058] Referring to Table 1 above, data (e.g., SOC, voltage, and accumulated current value) of a battery measured from each of a plurality of cordless vacuum cleaners are shown, the plurality of cordless vacuum cleaners being operated so that the temperature of the battery exceeds a threshold temperature T_th (where T_th is a real number) and then discharging is terminated due to the temperature increase.

[0059] In the event that the battery exceeds a threshold temperature T_th, the discharge may be forced to terminate. However, the display (e.g., a display panel or a display device) of the cordless vacuum cleaner may output the SOC of the battery as still usable. For example, as shown in Table 1, even if the discharge is forced to terminate due to an increase in temperature, the display of cordless vacuum cleaner_1 may output the SOC of the battery as 12.4%, while the display of cordless vacuum cleaner_2 may output the SOC of the battery as 14.1%. As described above, after the discharge is terminated in response to a discharge termination condition established due to an increase in temperature, the SOC of the battery displayed as still usable may become a factor that reduces product reliability.

[0060] According to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure, the temperature change of the battery can be predicted. When the predicted temperature change is determined to reach a threshold temperature, the SOC change trend can be determined so that the SOC change rate associated with the discharge is fast or increased. In addition, the SOC can be calculated based on the determined SOC change trend, and the SOC can be output.

[0061] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of a battery management system 100 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 1 The battery management system 100 may include a battery 110, a voltage measuring device 120, a temperature measuring device 130, a processor 140, and a memory 150. The battery management system 100 may be used in a battery pack or a battery module including at least one battery cell 112.

[0062] The battery 110 may include a plurality of battery cells 112 provided between the first terminal 102 and the second terminal 104 and electrically connected to each other as a power storage device. Respective battery cells in the battery cells 112 may be connected in series, in parallel, or in a combination of series and parallel. For example, the corresponding battery cells in the battery cells 112 may discharge and recharge currents of the same magnitude or substantially the same magnitude. In another example, the corresponding battery cells in the battery cells 112 may have different internal states. For example, the corresponding battery cells in the battery cells 112 may have different internal resistances and / or electromotive forces.

[0063] Each battery cell 112 may include a rechargeable secondary battery. For example, the battery cell 112 may include a nickel-cadmium battery, a lead-acid battery, a nickel metal hydride (NiMH) battery, a lithium-ion battery, a lithium polymer battery, etc. The number of battery cells 112 may be determined based on the capacity, output voltage, and / or output current desired by the battery 110.

[0064] although Figure 1 A single battery 110 is shown in the figure, but a plurality of batteries 110 may be connected in parallel and / or in series, and the plurality of batteries 110 may be connected to a load and / or a charging device via a first terminal 102 and a second terminal 104. The battery 110 may be connected to a load and / or a charging device and used. In addition, the method for calculating the SOC of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure may also be used to calculate the SOC of batteries 110 connected in parallel and / or in series.

[0065] The voltage measuring device 120 may measure the voltage between the two electrodes of the battery 110 at appropriate intervals (e.g., at predetermined intervals) to periodically generate a voltage value of the battery 110. In another example, the voltage measuring device 120 may measure the voltage of each battery cell 112 at appropriate intervals (e.g., at predetermined intervals) to periodically generate a voltage value of each battery cell 112. In the case where corresponding battery cells among the battery cells 112 are connected in parallel, the voltage measuring device 120 may measure the voltage of one battery cell 112, and may determine that all other battery cells 112 connected in parallel have the same voltage value as the voltage value of the one battery cell 112.

[0066] The temperature measuring device 130 may measure the temperature of the battery 110 at appropriate intervals (e.g., at predetermined intervals) to periodically generate a temperature value of the battery 110. The temperature measuring device 130 may measure the temperature of at least one of the battery cells 112 at intervals (e.g., at predetermined intervals) to periodically generate a temperature value of the battery 110.

[0067] The voltage value / temperature value periodically measured by the voltage measuring device 120 and / or the temperature measuring device 130 may be transmitted to the processor 140. The processor 140 may include a general-purpose processor, a central processing unit (CPU), a microprocessor, a digital signal processor (DSP), a controller, a microcontroller, a state machine, etc. In some embodiments, the processor 140 may refer to an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a programmable logic device (PLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc. The processor 140 may refer to, for example, a combination of processing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a combination of multiple microprocessors, a combination of one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any suitable combination thereof, or any other such suitable configuration.

[0068] The memory 150 may include any suitable electronic component capable of storing electronic information. The memory 150 may refer to various suitable types of processor-readable media, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), non-volatile random access memory (NVRAM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable PROM (EEPROM), flash memory, magnetic or optical data storage devices, registers, etc. In the case where the processor 140 can read information from the memory 150 and / or write information to the memory 150, the memory 150 may be in electronic communication with the processor 140. The memory 150 may be integrated into the processor 140 and in electronic communication with the processor 140.

[0069] In an embodiment, the memory 150 may include any suitable non-transitory computer-readable recording medium. In an embodiment, the memory 150 may include a non-transitory permanent mass storage device. In another example, the non-transitory mass storage device may be a separate permanent storage device different from the memory 150 and may be included in the battery management system 100 or in a device accessible by the battery management system 100 in a wired or wireless manner. In another example, the memory 150 may be implemented to be included in the processor 140.

[0070] According to an embodiment, an operating system (OS) and at least one program code (e.g., a program code for calculating the battery SOC) may be stored on the memory 150. In addition, the memory 150 may store a first lookup table generated according to the relationship between SOC and voltage. As used herein, the voltage may be an open circuit voltage (OCV). The first lookup table may store SOC-related values ​​(%) associated with each voltage. For example, a% (where a is a positive real number) may be stored in the first lookup table relative to the first voltage value and the second voltage value, and b% (where b is a positive real number) may be stored in the first lookup table relative to the third voltage value and the fourth voltage value. The first lookup table may be generated based on the result data obtained by simulating the relationship between SOC and voltage.

[0071] In addition, the memory 150 may store data for temperature prediction. In other words, the memory 150 may store a second lookup table generated according to the relationship between the energy change and the temperature change in the battery. For example, a first temperature value increased relative to the first energy change, a second temperature value increased relative to the second energy change, etc. may be stored in the second lookup table. The second lookup table may be generated based on result data obtained by simulating the relationship between the energy change and the temperature change.

[0072] In addition, the memory 150 may store a third lookup table generated according to the relationship between the internal resistance and the voltage of the battery. For example, the first resistance value may be stored in the third lookup table relative to the fifth voltage value, and the second resistance value may be stored in the third lookup table relative to the sixth voltage value. The third lookup table may be generated based on the result data obtained by simulating the relationship between the voltage and the internal resistance. In some embodiments, the third lookup table and the first lookup table may be combined into a single lookup table.

[0073] The processor 140 may be configured to process instructions of a computer program by performing basic arithmetic, logic, and input / output operations. According to an embodiment, the processor 140 may measure the SOC of the battery 110 at the current interval (hereinafter also referred to as "the current interval SOC of the battery 110") based on the voltage obtained from the voltage measuring device 120 and the first lookup table. In addition, the processor 140 may obtain the temperature of the battery 110 using the temperature measuring device 130. According to an embodiment, the processor 140 may calculate multiple temperatures associated with multiple battery SOCs that are progressively degraded from the measured battery SOC at a suitable level (e.g., a predetermined level) based on the obtained temperature and the second lookup table. In addition, the processor 140 may determine a specific SOC associated with the discharge end point of the battery based on the calculated temperature, and may determine a SOC change trend based on the determined specific SOC. Here, the change trend may be a change trend of the SOC that decreases when the battery 110 is discharging.

[0074] Figure 2 1 is a block diagram showing the internal configuration of the processor 140 according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 2 As shown, the processor 140 may include a sensed data acquirer 210, a temperature change predictor 220, and a SOC calculator 230. Each of the sensed data acquirer 210, the temperature change predictor 220, and the SOC calculator 230 may be a part of the processor 140, for example, a part of the processor 140 implemented as instructions stored in the memory 105 and executed by the processor 140, or a part of the processor 140 implemented as a different processing element of the processor 140.

[0075] The sensing data acquirer 210 may acquire sensing data including voltage and / or temperature. For example, the sensing data acquirer 210 may acquire sensing data including voltage measured by the voltage measuring device 120 and / or temperature measured by the temperature measuring device 130. The sensing data acquirer 210 may acquire sensing data at appropriate intervals (e.g., at predetermined intervals).

[0076] The temperature change predictor 220 may predict a future temperature change trend of the battery based on the first SOC of the battery at the current time point, the first temperature of the battery obtained at the current interval, and the second lookup table.

[0077] In more detail, the temperature change predictor 220 can identify the internal resistance corresponding to the voltage obtained at the current interval from the third lookup table, and can calculate the temperature coefficient based on the identified internal resistance, voltage and time dt. Here, the temperature coefficient indicates the temperature change relative to the discharge energy. As the discharge energy is smaller, the size of the temperature coefficient can be calculated to be smaller.

[0078] According to an embodiment, the temperature coefficient may be calculated using the following Equation 1.

[0079] Equation 1:

[0080]

[0081] In Equation 1, k may be a temperature coefficient, dT may be a temperature change, I may be a current, p may be the number of battery cells, dt may be a time change, and ESR may be an equivalent resistance. The equivalent resistance may be calculated based on the internal resistance. Here, the time dt may be determined based on the measurement interval of the voltage. In addition, the current may be calculated based on the equivalent resistance and the voltage, and the current may be substituted into Equation 1.

[0082] Furthermore, the amount of energy change currently being discharged may be calculated, and the amount of temperature change dT associated with the calculated energy change may be obtained from the second lookup table, and the amount of temperature change dT may be applied to Equation 1. For example, the amount of energy change may be calculated based on the current of the battery.

[0083] The temperature change predictor 220 may determine a second SOC that is degraded by a level (e.g., a predetermined level) from the current interval SOC of the battery, obtain a second voltage associated with the second SOC from the first lookup table, and obtain a second internal resistance associated with the second voltage from the third lookup table. In addition, the temperature change predictor 220 may calculate a second temperature associated with the degraded second SOC based on the first temperature measured at the current interval, the temperature coefficient k, the second voltage, and the second internal resistance. Here, the second temperature may be a battery temperature at a future time point.

[0084] According to an embodiment, the temperature change predictor 220 may calculate an amount of temperature change of the degraded second SOC, and may add the calculated amount of temperature change of the second SOC to the first temperature to calculate a second temperature at the second SOC using Equation 2 below.

[0085] Equation 2:

[0086]

[0087] In Equation 2, ΔT i may be the amount of temperature change associated with a degradation of the SOC by level “i”, Q max can be the maximum capacity of the battery, ΔS can be the amount of SOC change, k can be the temperature coefficient, I can be the current, and R can be the resistance. Here, Q max The current may be calculated based on the second voltage and the second internal resistance, and the current may be applied to Equation 2.

[0088] In addition, the temperature change predictor 220 can determine a third SOC that is downgraded from the downgraded second SOC by a level (e.g., a predetermined level), obtain a third voltage associated with the third SOC from the first lookup table, and obtain a third internal resistance associated with the third voltage from the third lookup table. In addition, the temperature change predictor 220 can predict a third temperature associated with the downgraded third SOC based on the second temperature associated with the second SOC, the temperature coefficient k, the third voltage, and the third internal resistance. For example, the temperature change predictor 220 can calculate the amount of temperature change of the downgraded third SOC, and can add the calculated amount of temperature change of the third SOC to the second temperature to calculate the third temperature associated with the third SOC using the above equation 2.

[0089] The temperature change predictor 220 may calculate the temperature of each of the fourth SOC to the nth SOC (where n is a natural number greater than or equal to 5) downgraded from the third SOC by the above-described method.

[0090] The temperature change predictor 220 may predict the temperature change tendency of the battery based on the calculated temperature of each SOC.

[0091] The SOC calculator 230 may calculate the current interval SOC of the battery based on the voltage included in the sensing data and the first lookup table. In addition, the SOC calculator 230 may calculate the SOC of the battery to be output based on the temperature change trend predicted by the temperature change predictor 220. According to an embodiment, based on the calculated temperature, in a case where the temperature of the battery is determined to exceed a threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage, the SOC calculator 230 may determine that the SOC associated with the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature is a specific SOC associated with the final discharge voltage. In this case, the SOC calculator 230 may determine the SOC change rate to reduce the range of available SOC, or may determine the SOC change rate to make the SOC change rate associated with discharge faster. Reference will be made below to Figures 4 to 8 Some examples of determining the SOC change rate are described in more detail.

[0092] The SOC calculator 230 may periodically calculate the SOC and output the calculated SOC. For example, the SOC calculator 230 may output the calculated SOC via a display (eg, a display panel or a display device) associated with the processor 140.

[0093] Figure 3 FIG. 1 is a graph showing a temperature change trend according to an amount of energy change according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 3 In the above equation, the discharge energy is expressed as #current value. Figure 3As shown, when the discharge energy is continuously generated, the temperature of the battery may continue to rise. In addition, when the discharge energy is not generated, the temperature of the battery may drop.

[0094] The amount of discharge energy and the amount of temperature change may be simulated depending on the type of battery, and a second lookup table may be generated based on the simulation results thereof.

[0095] Figure 4 4 is a graph showing an example of a voltage change trend 410 and a temperature change trend 420 of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 4 , a first SOC of the battery can be determined based on a first voltage obtained at the current interval. For example, the SOC associated with the obtained voltage can be obtained from a first lookup table, and the obtained SOC can be determined as the first SOC of the battery. Here, the first SOC can be the battery SOC at the current time point.

[0096] In addition, a plurality of SOCs that are progressively reduced in stages (eg, predetermined stages) from a first SOC may be determined, and a voltage of each determined SOC may be determined. A first lookup table may be used to determine a voltage associated with a reduced SOC. Figure 4 , the voltage associated with the degraded SOC is indicated as a point in the upper graph. The voltage change trend 410 of the battery may be determined based on the corresponding voltage of the SOC.

[0097] The SOC 412 associated with the final discharge voltage may be determined according to the degraded SOC based on the voltage change trend 410. For example, an SOC associated with a voltage equal to or lower than a threshold voltage (eg, a predetermined threshold voltage) may be identified as the SOC 412 associated with the final discharge voltage. Figure 4 As shown, a range from the current SOC to the SOC 412 associated with the final discharge voltage may be identified as the available SOC.

[0098] In addition, the temperature of each degraded SOC may be calculated. As described above, the temperature of each degraded SOC may be calculated using at least one of Equation 1, Equation 2, or a second lookup table. Figure 4 , the temperatures associated with the degraded SOC are indicated as points in the graph below. The temperature change trend 420 of the battery may be determined based on the corresponding temperature of the SOC.

[0099] A specific SOC associated with the actual termination of the discharge of the battery may be determined based on the voltage change trend 410 and / or the temperature change trend 420. According to an embodiment, based on the temperature change trend 420, it may be determined whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a threshold temperature T_th (where T_th is a real number) before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage. In other words, it may be determined based on the temperature change trend 420 whether there is an SOC associated with a temperature exceeding the threshold temperature T_th. In the case where the battery is determined not to exceed the threshold temperature T_th before the discharge is terminated, the SOC 412 associated with the final discharge voltage determined according to the voltage change trend 410 may be determined as a specific SOC associated with the actual discharge termination.

[0100] exist Figure 4 , the highest temperature 422 among the temperatures included in the temperature change trend 420 is shown to be equal to or lower than the threshold temperature T_th, and therefore, the SOC 412 associated with the final discharge voltage and the SOC associated with the actual discharge termination can be determined. In addition, the range of the available SOC can be determined from the current SOC to the final discharge SOC 412. In this case, the SOC associated with the voltage measured during the subsequent interval can be identified by means of the first lookup table, and the identified SOC can be output.

[0101] Figure 5 5 is a graph showing another example of a voltage change trend 510 and a temperature change trend 520 of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 5 The curve graph and Figure 4 When comparing the curve graph of Figure 5 The voltage change trend 510 and the temperature change trend 520 are shown in FIG. Figure 4 is recalculated at a time point after a period of time (e.g., a predetermined period of time) from the current time point in . In other words, Figure 5 The current time point in is shown as Figure 4 to the right of the current time point in. When comparing Figure 5 The temperature change trend 520 shown is Figure 4 When the temperature changes in trend 420 as shown, it can be determined that the temperature has increased.

[0102] A temperature exceeding a threshold temperature T_th (where T_th is a real number) may be found on the temperature change trend 520. In other words, Figure 5 , the temperature associated with the SOC that is downgraded by 8 levels or higher from the current SOC is shown as exceeding the threshold temperature T_th. The SOC associated with the first temperature 522 exceeding the threshold temperature T_th among the SOCs may be identified based on the temperature change trend 520. Figure 5, the SOC degraded by 8 steps from the current interval SOC is shown as the SOC associated with the first temperature 522 exceeding the threshold temperature T_th.

[0103] In the event that the temperature of the battery exceeds the threshold temperature T_th before the battery voltage is equal to or below the final discharge voltage, the SOC associated with the first temperature 522 exceeding the threshold temperature T_th may be determined as the SOC 512 associated with the actual discharge endpoint. Figure 5 The SOC associated with the actual discharge endpoint is shown to have changed from SOC 514 associated with a discharge voltage at or below a threshold voltage to SOC 512 associated with a temperature 522 exceeding a threshold temperature T_th. As the SOC associated with discharge termination changes, the range of available SOCs may also decrease.

[0104] In the case where the range of available SOC is reduced, the SOC change trend may be determined so that the SOC change rate according to the battery discharge is faster. For example, the SOC change rate may be adjusted to have a steeper slope. The magnitude of the change in the voltage change trend may be determined based on the difference between the SOC associated with the discharge endpoint and the current SOC. In other words, the magnitude of the change in the voltage change trend may be determined based on the range of available SOC.

[0105] After adjusting the SOC change trend 520 in the above-described manner, the SOC associated with the voltage acquired at the subsequent interval may be identified by means of the first lookup table. The SOC may be calculated and output based on the voltage and the adjusted SOC change trend.

[0106] Figure 6 6 is a graph showing another example of a voltage change trend 610 and a temperature change trend 620 of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 6 and Figure 5 hour, Figure 6 The voltage change trend 610 and the temperature change trend 620 are shown in FIG. Figure 5 is recalculated after a period of time (e.g., a predetermined period of time) from the current time point in . In other words, Figure 6 The current time point in is shown as Figure 5 to the right of the current time point in the Figure 6 The temperature change trend 620 shown is Figure 5 When the temperature changes in trend 520 as shown, it can be determined that the temperature has increased.

[0107] exist Figure 6, the temperature associated with the SOC that is degraded from the current interval SOC by 6 levels or higher is shown as exceeding the threshold temperature T_th (where T_th is a real number). The SOC associated with the first temperature 622 exceeding the threshold temperature T_th among the SOCs can be identified based on the temperature change trend 620. In addition, the SOC 612 associated with the first temperature 622 exceeding the threshold temperature T_th can be determined as the SOC associated with the actual discharge end point. In the case where the SOC associated with the actual termination of the discharge moves forward, the range of the available SOC may also be reduced.

[0108] In the case where the range of available SOC is further reduced, the SOC change trend may be determined so that the SOC change rate is faster. Here, the SOC may be calculated and output so that the discharge ratio of the battery is higher.

[0109] Figure 7 7 is a graph showing another example of a voltage change trend 710 and a temperature change trend 720 of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 7 and Figure 6 hour, Figure 7 The voltage change trend 710 and the temperature change trend 720 are shown in FIG. Figure 6 is recalculated after a period of time (e.g., a predetermined period of time) from the current time point in . In other words, Figure 7 The current time point in is shown as Figure 6 to the right of the current time point in the Figure 7 The temperature change trend 720 shown is Figure 6 When looking at the temperature change trend 620 , it can be determined that the slope of the temperature increase becomes smoother.

[0110] exist Figure 7 , the temperature associated with the SOC downgraded by 7 levels or higher from the current SOC is shown as exceeding the threshold temperature T_th (where T_th is a real number). The SOC associated with the first temperature 722 exceeding the threshold temperature T_th among the SOCs may be identified based on the temperature change trend 720 .

[0111] Based on the temperature change trend 720, the SOC 712 associated with the first temperature 722 exceeding the threshold temperature T_th can be determined as the SOC associated with the actual discharge end point. In the case where the SOC associated with the discharge termination and the current SOC are further apart, the range of available SOCs can be increased. In the case where the range of available SOCs increases, the SOC change trend can be determined so that the SOC change rate is gradual.

[0112] Figure 8is a graph showing an example of a fluctuating SOC change trend according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Figure 8 In the embodiment, the available SOC (available SOC) is the SOC calculated in response to the discharge environment, and can be determined as being in the range between the SOC calculated at the current interval and the SOC associated with the actual discharge termination. In addition, the relative SOC (relative SOC) can be the SOC output on the display, and can be calculated based on the available SOC.

[0113] like Figure 8 As shown, there may be a heavy load interval where the discharge of the battery is aggravated. The aggravated discharge of the battery may cause the temperature of the battery to rise, and the temperature of the battery may be predicted to exceed the threshold temperature at a future time point. In this case, the SOC change trend can be adjusted so that the available SOC change trend changes more suddenly. Figure 8 As shown, the SOC change trend 810 may be adjusted such that the available SOC in the interval where discharge is aggravated is reduced, and the relative SOC change trend 820 may be adjusted based on the available SOC change trend.

[0114] In addition, the discharge end point of the battery can be determined based on the adjusted SOC change trends 810 and 820. Figure 8 The battery discharge endpoint is shown with T EOD(Heavy) For example, as the temperature of the battery increases due to the increased load, the actual discharge end point may change from T EOD(Light) The point associated with T is changed to EOD(Heavy) In this case, the available SOC change trend 810 and / or the relative SOC change trend 820 may be adjusted so that T EOD(Heavy) is the end point. Figure 8 In FIG. 1 , the changing trend is shown as adjusted using a dotted line.

[0115] When the available SOC is adjusted based on the temperature change trend as described above, the remaining capacity of the battery output at the end of discharge can be displayed as little or nothing (e.g., 0%), thereby preventing or substantially preventing errors in the remaining capacity of the battery output at the end of discharge.

[0116] Fig. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a method 900 of measuring the SOC of a battery according to one or more embodiments of the present disclosure. Fig. 9 At least some of the processes of the method 900 shown may be performed by Figure 1 For convenience, the processor 140 included in the battery management system 100 is executed. Fig. 9 The method 900 will be described in more detail below as including Figure 1The processor 140 in the battery management system 100 is executed.

[0117] The processor 140 may calculate the SOC of the battery (S910). According to an embodiment, the processor 140 may calculate the SOC at the current interval based on the voltage of the battery obtained at the current interval and the first lookup table.

[0118] Thereafter, the processor 140 may obtain the temperature of the battery (S920). For example, the processor may obtain the temperature of the battery from a temperature measuring device (eg, the temperature measuring device 130).

[0119] Subsequently, the processor 140 may calculate a plurality of temperatures associated with a plurality of battery SOCs that are progressively degraded in stages (e.g., predetermined stages) from the calculated battery SOC based on the obtained temperatures (S930). For example, the processor 140 may calculate the temperature associated with the progressively degraded SOC based on a table recording temperature changes according to the amount of energy change.

[0120] Thereafter, the processor 140 may determine a specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint of the battery based on the calculated temperature (S940). According to an embodiment, the processor 140 may determine the SOC associated with a temperature exceeding a threshold temperature as a specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint based on the calculated temperature. For example, the processor 140 may determine whether the temperature of the battery exceeds the threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage based on the calculated temperature. In the case where the temperature of the battery is determined to exceed the threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage, the processor 140 may determine the SOC associated with the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature as a specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint. In this case, the processor 140 may determine the SOC change trend so that the range of available SOC is reduced, or may determine the SOC change trend so that the rate of change of the SOC associated with the discharge is faster.

[0121] In another example, the processor 140 may calculate a plurality of voltages associated with the battery SOC that progressively degrades from the measured battery SOC in stages (e.g., predetermined stages), and based on the calculated voltages, may determine the SOC associated with the final discharge voltage at which the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage. In the event that the temperature of the battery is determined to have not exceeded the threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage, the processor may determine the SOC associated with the final discharge voltage as the specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint.

[0122] Subsequently, the processor may determine the SOC change trend based on the determined specific SOC ( S950 ).

[0123] After determining the SOC change trend, the processor 140 may obtain the voltage of the battery, and based on the obtained voltage of the battery and the SOC change trend, the SOC to be output may be calculated. In another example, after determining the SOC change trend, the processor 140 may determine the range of available SOC based on the determined specific SOC, and may determine the discharge ratio of the battery based on the range of available SOC. Thereafter, the processor 140 may obtain the voltage of the battery, and may calculate the SOC to be output (e.g., on a display) based on the obtained voltage of the battery and the discharge ratio of the battery.

[0124] Fig. 9 The illustrated method 900 may be performed at a single analysis interval and / or may be repeatedly performed at multiple analysis intervals (eg, multiple predetermined analysis intervals).

[0125] Fig.10 The present invention is a method for Fig. 9 A flowchart of more details of the process (S930) of calculating multiple temperatures in method 900 is provided. Fig.10 , the processor 140 may calculate the temperature coefficient (S1010). According to an embodiment, the processor 140 may calculate the temperature coefficient according to Equation 1 above.

[0126] Thereafter, the processor 140 may degrade the SOC determined at the current time by a level (e.g., a predetermined level) (S1020), and then may calculate the temperature of the degraded SOC (S1030). For example, the processor 140 may calculate the voltage, current, and resistance based on the degraded SOC, and may calculate the temperature of the degraded SOC based on the acquired temperature of the battery, the calculated voltage, the calculated current, and the calculated resistance. In this case, the processor 140 may calculate the temperature of the degraded SOC according to Equation 2 above.

[0127] Subsequently, the processor 140 may determine whether the degraded SOC is the SOC with the final level (e.g., a predetermined final level) (S1040). In the case where the degraded SOC is not the SOC with the final level, the processor 140 may further degrade the degraded SOC by an appropriate level (e.g., a predetermined level), and then may repeat the process of calculating the temperature of the further degraded SOC (S1020).

[0128] In another example, in a case where the degraded SOC is determined as the SOC of a final level (eg, a predetermined final level), the processor 140 may predict the temperature change trend of the battery based on the corresponding temperature of the calculated SOC.

[0129] The above flow chart and related description are provided as examples, and in some embodiments, the method can be implemented differently. For example, in some embodiments, the order of each process can be reversed, some processes can be repeatedly performed, some processes can be omitted, and some processes can be added.

[0130] The above method can be provided as a computer program stored on a computer-readable recording medium (e.g., a memory, etc.) for execution on a computer. The medium can continuously store a computer executable program, or can temporarily store the program for execution or downloading. The medium can also include various suitable types of recording devices or storage devices in the form of combining one or more hardware components. The medium can be distributed on a network, and is not limited to the medium directly connected to the computer system. Examples of media include: magnetic media, such as hard disks, floppy disks and tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs, magneto-optical media such as optical floppy disks, and hardware devices such as read-only memories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), flash memories, etc., configured to store program instructions. Examples of other media can include recording media and storage media managed by application stores that distribute applications, sites that supply and distribute various other software, servers, etc.

[0131] The foregoing describes some embodiments of the present disclosure and should not be construed as limiting thereof. Although some embodiments have been described, it will be readily understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications in the embodiments are possible without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. It will be understood that the description of the features or aspects in each embodiment should generally be considered to be applicable to other similar features or aspects in other embodiments, unless otherwise described. Therefore, it is clear to those of ordinary skill in the art that the features, characteristics and / or elements described with respect to a particular embodiment can be used alone or in combination with the features, characteristics and / or elements described with respect to other embodiments, unless otherwise specifically stated. Therefore, it should be understood that the foregoing describes various example embodiments and should not be construed as being limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, and various modifications to the disclosed embodiments and other example embodiments are intended to be included in the spirit and scope of the present disclosure as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for calculating the state of charge (SOC) of a battery, comprising: calculating, by at least one processor, the SOC of the battery; obtaining, by the at least one processor, a temperature of the battery; calculating, by the at least one processor, a plurality of temperatures associated with a plurality of SOCs of the battery based on the obtained temperatures, the plurality of SOCs of the battery being progressively degraded in stages from the calculated SOC of the battery; determining, by the at least one processor, a particular SOC associated with an end point of discharge of the battery based on the calculated plurality of temperatures; as well as A change trend of the SOC of the battery is determined by the at least one processor based on the determined specific SOC.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: obtaining, by the at least one processor, a voltage of the battery after the determination of the change trend of the SOC; as well as The SOC to be output is calculated by the at least one processor based on the obtained voltage of the battery and the change trend of the SOC.

3. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: determining, by the at least one processor, a range of available SOC based on the determined specific SOC after the determining of the change trend of the SOC; determining, by the at least one processor, a discharge ratio of the battery based on the range of available SOCs; obtaining, by the at least one processor, a voltage of the battery; as well as The SOC to be output is calculated by the at least one processor based on the obtained voltage of the battery and the discharge ratio of the battery.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The calculating of the plurality of temperatures includes calculating, by the at least one processor, the plurality of temperatures associated with the plurality of SOCs that progressively degrade based on a table including temperatures that change according to an amount of energy change.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The determining of the particular SOC associated with the discharge endpoint includes determining, by the at least one processor, an SOC associated with a temperature exceeding a threshold temperature as the particular SOC associated with the discharge endpoint based on the calculated plurality of temperatures.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The calculating of the plurality of temperatures comprises: calculating, by the at least one processor, a first temperature associated with a first SOC that is downgraded by the level from the calculated SOC of the battery; and A second temperature associated with a second SOC that is downgraded from the first SOC by the level is calculated by the at least one processor.

7. The method according to claim 6, wherein: The calculation of the first temperature comprises: calculating, by the at least one processor, a voltage, a current, and a resistance based on the first SOC; and The first temperature is calculated by the at least one processor based on the obtained temperature of the battery, the calculated voltage, the calculated current, and the calculated resistance.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein: The calculation of the first temperature comprises: The at least one processor is configured to to calculate an amount of temperature change in the first SOC; and calculating, by the at least one processor, the first temperature based on the calculated amount of the temperature change, Where, ΔT i is the amount of temperature change associated with the SOC being degraded according to level i, Q max is the maximum capacity of the battery, ΔS is the amount of SOC change, k is the temperature coefficient, I is the current, and R is the resistance.

9. The method according to claim 8, wherein: The calculation of the first temperature includes calculating, by the at least one processor, To calculate the temperature coefficient, Where k is the temperature coefficient, dT is the temperature change, I is the current, p is the number of cells, dt is the time change, and ESR is the equivalent resistance.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The determining of the particular SOC associated with the discharge endpoint comprises: determining, by the at least one processor based on the calculated plurality of temperatures, whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than a final discharge voltage; and If it is determined that the temperature of the battery exceeds the threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage, the SOC associated with the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature is determined by the at least one processor as the specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint.

11. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The determining of the changing trend of the SOC includes determining, by the at least one processor, the changing trend of the SOC such that a range of available SOCs decreases if the SOC associated with the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature is determined to be the specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint.

12. The method according to claim 10, wherein: The determination of the changing trend of the SOC includes, if the SOC associated with the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature is determined to be the specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint, determining, by the at least one processor, the changing trend of the SOC so that the SOC change rate associated with discharge is faster.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein: The determining of the particular SOC associated with the discharge endpoint comprises: calculating, by the at least one processor, a plurality of voltages associated with the plurality of SOCs of the battery, the plurality of SOCs progressively degraded from the calculated SOC of the battery according to the levels; determining, by the at least one processor, an SOC associated with the final discharge voltage based on the calculated plurality of voltages, at which the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage; and If it is determined that the temperature of the battery does not exceed the threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage, the SOC associated with the final discharge voltage is determined by the at least one processor as the specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint.

14. A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium comprising instructions executable by the at least one processor to perform the method according to claim 1.

15. A battery management system, comprising: at least one processor; as well as a memory including at least one computer readable program executable by the at least one processor to cause the at least one processor to: Calculate the battery's state of charge SOC; obtaining a temperature of the battery; calculating a plurality of temperatures associated with a plurality of SOCs of the battery based on the obtained temperature, the plurality of SOCs of the battery being progressively degraded in stages from the calculated SOC of the battery; determining a particular SOC associated with an end point of discharge of the battery based on the calculated plurality of temperatures; as well as A change trend of the SOC is determined based on the determined specific SOC.

16. The battery management system according to claim 15, wherein: The at least one computer readable program further causes the at least one processor to: obtaining the voltage of the battery; and The SOC to be output is calculated based on the obtained voltage of the battery and the change tendency of the SOC.

17. The battery management system according to claim 15, wherein: The at least one computer readable program further causes the at least one processor to: determining a range of available SOC based on the determined specific SOC; determining a discharge ratio of the battery based on the range of available SOC; obtaining the voltage of the battery; as well as The SOC to be output is calculated based on the obtained voltage of the battery and the discharge ratio of the battery.

18. The battery management system according to claim 15, wherein: To calculate the plurality of temperatures, the at least one computer readable program further causes the at least one processor to: calculating a first temperature associated with a first SOC that is downgraded by the level from the calculated SOC of the battery; and A second temperature associated with a second SOC that is downgraded from the first SOC by the level is calculated.

19. The battery management system according to claim 15, wherein: To determine the particular SOC associated with the discharge endpoint, the at least one computer readable program further causes the at least one processor to: determining, based on the calculated temperature, whether the temperature of the battery exceeds a threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than a final discharge voltage; as well as If it is determined that the temperature of the battery exceeds the threshold temperature before the voltage of the battery is equal to or lower than the final discharge voltage, an SOC associated with the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature is determined as the specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint.

20. The battery management system according to claim 19, wherein: In order to determine the changing trend of the SOC, the at least one computer-readable program also causes the at least one processor to: if the SOC associated with the temperature exceeding the threshold temperature is determined to be the specific SOC associated with the discharge endpoint, determine the changing trend of the SOC so that the SOC change rate associated with discharge is faster.

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