'sealing and killing integrated 'weed control method for dry farming rice field in Yunnan mountainous area

Abstract

The invention provides a'sealing and killing integrated 'weed control method for dry farming rice fields in Yunnan mountainous areas, which comprises the following steps: S1, completing rotary tillage and preparation work of land 15 days before sowing; s2, rice sowing is conducted from the beginning of April to the end of April, and dry land rice is sown in a machine dry direct sowing mode; s3, when the rice in the field enters a 2-3-leaf period, or 30% of gramineous weeds in the land parcels enter a tillering initial period and broad-leaf weeds enter a 8-10-leaf period, spraying the prepared herbicide; according to the method, the soil sealing technology and the seedling stage stem and leaf treatment technology are creatively combined, the safety of dry farming rice in different growth stages is guaranteed at the same time, various weeds in different growth stages are effectively controlled at the same time, the control effect of weeds in the dry farming rice field is enhanced, the safety of rice is improved, and the economic benefit is increased. Production cost is reduced, and farmer income is increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of weed control, and in particular to an "integrated blocking and killing" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan. Background Art

[0002] The dryland rice cultivation technology is a new type of rice cultivation method promoted by Yunnan Agricultural University in the mountainous areas of southern Yunnan in recent years. The rice used for dryland cultivation is called dryland rice, also known as dryland rice or dryland high-quality rice. It refers to a high-yield, high-quality and drought-resistant rice variety. This kind of rice can be grown on dry land in mountainous areas with sufficient rainfall. It does not require artificial irrigation throughout the growth cycle and can only rely on natural precipitation to meet its growth needs. It is a rice planting technology combined with refined manual management. It is different from the traditional land rice grown by farmers in tropical mountainous areas, which adopts extensive planting methods, mainly relying on manual sowing, and implementing wide planting and thin harvesting. It is an inefficient and ancient rice cultivation method, which is characterized by poor quality and low yield of rice produced.

[0003] In recent years, dryland rice has been promoted in the mountainous areas of southern Yunnan with abundant rainfall. In these mountainous areas, due to the complex terrain and significant differences in soil moisture content, rice often has uneven seedlings and weeds of varying sizes after sowing. Traditional soil sealing weeding and stem and leaf treatment techniques usually need to be carried out in stages, which faces challenges in ensuring rice safety and effectively controlling weeds, and the results are often unsatisfactory.

[0004] There are two main methods of chemical weed control: soil treatment and foliar treatment. Soil treatment, also known as closed treatment, involves applying herbicides to the soil surface before or at the early stage of weed seed germination. In this way, the germinated weed seeds will absorb the herbicide in the soil and die, so it is also called pre-emergence treatment. Leaf treatment, also known as post-emergence treatment, is carried out after the weeds have emerged. The herbicide is sprayed on the stems and leaves of the weeds, causing them to absorb and gradually die. Soil-sealing treatments are usually used before and after crop sowing to prevent weeds that have not yet emerged, which is a preventive measure; while leaf treatments are either used before plowing to kill "old" grass in the field, or to control weeds that grow after the crop has emerged. The latter usually requires the herbicide to have selective activity, that is, safe for crops and effective against weeds.

[0005] Sufficient soil moisture is a key condition for the germination and emergence of rice and weed seeds. A technology similar to dryland rice farming is dry direct seeding. In a typical dry direct seeding rice field, the soil conditions are relatively uniform, especially the small difference in soil moisture, which makes the emergence time of rice after sowing relatively consistent and the difference in leaf age is not significant. In this case, whether soil treatment or stem and leaf treatment is used to control weeds, herbicides that are safe for rice can be selected according to the age of rice seedlings. However, due to the huge heterogeneity of field soil conditions in dryland rice fields, it is difficult to ensure both safety and effectiveness, so the usual method of applying herbicides is more risky.

[0006] In the mountainous areas of Yunnan, the land is severely fragmented, with large slopes, and small plots of land often belong to different farmers. The plots where rice is planted may be surrounded by vegetables or other cash crops. Some plots are terraces, while others are slopes. Some plots are irrigated, while others use natural precipitation directly. Irrigation water from terraces on the slopes may infiltrate the fields below the slope. The natural moisture content of the soil in different areas of the mountains varies greatly, and the plots near ditches or woodlands are usually wetter than the plots far from these terrains. After rice is sown, weeds and rice will germinate quickly in plots with higher humidity; while in plots with lower humidity, weeds and rice need to wait for effective rainfall before germination. In some plots in mountainous areas, due to the terrain and the "night tide" effect, the bottom layer of soil remains moist while the surface layer is dry. As a result, although the rice has emerged, the surface soil lacks water and the weeds have not yet germinated or emerged. These factors lead to uneven growth of rice in the same plot, with some rice having 2-3 leaves and others not yet sprouting. The situation with weeds is similar, ranging from weeds that have not yet sprouted to weeds that have grown 7-8 leaves. These complex situations make it difficult for technicians and farmers to decide how to choose the right herbicide and determine the best time to weed. If you choose a herbicide for unsprouted weeds, you can't control the weeds that have already sprouted; conversely, if you target the weeds that have already sprouted, the unsprouted weeds will be difficult to control; and if you want to effectively control large weeds in the field, it may cause damage to the newly sprouted rice.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need for an "integrated weed control" method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan that can solve the above problems. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an "integrated weed control method" suitable for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan, so as to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art.

[0009] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following solutions:

[0010] The present invention provides a weed control method of "blocking and killing in one" in dry rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan, comprising the following steps:

[0011] S1. Complete the tillage and preparation of the land 15 days before sowing;

[0012] S2. Rice sowing is carried out from early April to late April. Dryland rice is sown by machine dry direct seeding;

[0013] S3. When the rice in the field enters the 2-3 leaf stage, or 30% of the grass weeds in the plots enter the beginning of tillering stage and the broadleaf weeds enter the 8-10 leaf stage, use the prepared herbicide for spraying.

[0014] Preferably, in step S1, a drainage ditch is set every 4 meters in the field to facilitate walking when spraying pesticides, especially to avoid trampling on the closed layer formed on the soil surface.

[0015] Preferably, the drainage ditch is 20 cm deep and 20 cm wide.

[0016] Preferably, in step S2, rice is sown using a hand-push seeder, the row spacing is controlled at 20-25 cm, the sowing depth of the rice seeds shall not be less than 5 cm, and the sowing using the seeder ensures the uniformity and accuracy of the rice sowing depth.

[0017] Preferably, in step S2, sowing is completed 5-10 days before the average rainfall time in previous years to ensure the sowing quality.

[0018] Preferably, in step S3, when spraying the herbicide, a backpack sprayer and a fan-shaped spray head are used for manual spraying to ensure the quality and uniformity of the spraying of the agent.

[0019] Preferably, in step S3, the herbicide formula comprises: 100 ml of 60% butachlor emulsifiable concentrate, 75 ml of 450 g / L pendimethalin microcapsule suspension, 100 ml of 17% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate and 20 ml of 20% pyrazosulfuron-methyl oil suspension.

[0020] Preferably, in step S3, the herbicide is mixed and used immediately, and the amount of water used is controlled at 40-45 liters.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has achieved the following beneficial technical effects:

[0022] The present invention provides an "integrated sealing and killing" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan, comprising the following steps: S1. 15 days before sowing, completing the rotary tillage and preparation of the land; S2. Sowing rice from early April to late April, and dryland rice is sown by dry direct seeding; S3. When the rice in the field enters the 2-3 leaf stage, or 30% of the grass weeds in the plot enter the beginning of tillering stage, and the broad-leaved weeds enter the 8-10 leaf stage, use the configured herbicide for spraying; the present invention innovatively combines soil sealing technology with seedling stem and leaf treatment technology, aiming to ensure the safety of rice at different growth stages while effectively controlling weeds of various sizes. This method helps to reduce the difficulty of using herbicides, reduce the number of spraying times, reduce production costs, and increase farmers' income. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative labor.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flow chart of a method for "integrated weed control" in dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0026] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan Province, so as to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0027] In order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Embodiment 1:

[0029] This embodiment provides a method for controlling weeds in dry rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan Province by "blocking and killing in one" method. Figure 1 As shown, the following steps are included:

[0030] S1. 15 days before sowing, complete the rotary tillage and finishing of the land; set a drainage ditch every 4 meters in the field, the drainage ditch is 20 cm deep and 20 cm wide to facilitate the removal of water and spraying of herbicides;

[0031] S2. Sowing rice should be carried out from early April to late April to avoid early sowing which may lead to insufficient ground temperature and affect rice germination; dryland rice is sown by direct seeding, with a hand-push seeder, and the row spacing is controlled at 20-25 cm, and the sowing depth of rice seeds shall not be less than 5 cm; sowing should be completed 5-10 days before the average rainfall time in previous years to improve the uniformity of rice germination;

[0032] S3. After sowing, whenever it rains, once the rice in the field enters the 2-3 leaf stage, or 30% of the plots of grass weeds enter the beginning of tillering stage and broadleaf weeds enter the 8-10 leaf stage, use the prepared herbicide for spraying; spraying is carried out manually using a backpack sprayer and a fan-shaped spray head to ensure that the dry rice fields are evenly treated;

[0033] The herbicide formula includes: 100 ml of 60% butachlor EC, 75 ml of 450 g / L pendimethalin microcapsule suspension, 100 ml of 17% cypermethrin EC and 20 ml of 20% pyrazosulfuron oil suspension; butachlor and pendimethalin are mainly absorbed through buds, effectively controlling weeds that have not emerged, and are safe for both unemerged and emerged rice; cypermethrin can effectively control young grasses, broadleaf weeds and some sedges that have emerged, such as Cyperus rotundus; pyrazosulfuron is effective for most The herbicides are effective against several young broadleaf weeds, especially difficult-to-control weeds such as Bidens pilosa and Cyperus rotundus. At the end of May or the beginning of June after the emergence of dryland rice, the temperature is suitable, with neither a high temperature above 35°C nor a low temperature below 10°C. At the recommended dosage, these herbicides are safe for rice that has not yet emerged and is in the 2-leaf stage or above. The herbicides used combine the advantages of soil treatment and stem and leaf treatment, and can effectively control weeds that have already emerged, including grasses, sedges and broadleaf weeds, especially Cyperus rotundus and Bidens pilosa, which are usually difficult to control.

[0034] Herbicides should be mixed immediately before use to ensure that there is no antagonistic effect between different agents. The water consumption should be controlled at 40-45 liters. During the spraying process, the entire field must be covered and the soil and stems and leaves must be thoroughly treated to ensure effective control of emerged weeds and prevention of unemerged weeds.

[0035] The present invention provides an "integrated sealing and killing" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan. It innovatively combines soil sealing technology with seedling stem and leaf treatment technology, aiming to ensure the safety of rice at different growth stages while effectively controlling weeds of various sizes. This method helps to reduce the difficulty of using herbicides, reduce the number of applications, reduce production costs, and increase farmers' income.

[0036] The present invention uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The above examples are only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, according to the ideas of the present invention, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scopes. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A "blocking and killing integrated" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan, characterized by: The following steps are involved: S1. Complete the tillage and preparation of the land 15 days before sowing; S2. From early to late April, dryland rice is sown by direct seeding; S3. When the rice in the field enters the 2-3 leaf stage, or 30% of the grass weeds in the plots enter the beginning of tillering stage and the broadleaf weeds enter the 8-10 leaf stage, use the prepared herbicide for spraying.

2. The "blocking and killing integrated" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, a drainage ditch is set every 4 meters in the field.

3. The "blocking and killing integrated" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drainage ditch is 20 cm deep and 20 cm wide.

4. The "blocking and killing integrated" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, rice is sown using a hand-push seeder, the row spacing is controlled at 20-25 cm, and the sowing depth of the rice seeds shall not be less than 5 cm.

5. The "blocking and killing integrated" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the sowing is completed 5-10 days before the average rainfall time in previous years.

6. The "blocking and killing integrated" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, when spraying the herbicide, a backpack sprayer and a fan-shaped spray head are used for manual spraying.

7. The "blocking and killing integrated" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the herbicide formula includes: 100 ml of 60% butachlor emulsifiable concentrate, 75 ml of 450 g / L pendimethalin microcapsule suspension, 100 ml of 17% cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate, and 20 ml of 20% pyrazosulfuron-methyl oil suspension.

8. The "blocking and killing integrated" weed control method for dryland rice fields in mountainous areas of Yunnan according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the herbicide is mixed and used immediately when used, and the amount of water used is controlled at 40-45 liters.

Images