Application of deep ploughing and upturned soil sunning matched with high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting

Abstract

According to the application of deep ploughing and upturned soil sunning in cooperation with the high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting, the deep ploughing depth is not lower than 30 cm, upturned soil sunning is not shorter than 7 days, the organic matter content of the high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer is not lower than 45%, the humic acid content is 20%, and the high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer contains bacillus subtilis with the root promoting effect. The soil environment can be improved, the soil fertility can be improved, the growth and development of the flue-cured tobaccos can be promoted, and the yield and quality of the flue-cured tobaccos can be improved by matching deep ploughing and upturned soil sunning with the high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of flue-cured tobacco planting, and in particular to an application of deep ploughing and sun-drying combined with high-carbon organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting. Background Art

[0002] Tobacco is a special leaf cash crop that plays an important role in the development of my country's agricultural industry economy. At present, the flue-cured tobacco planting areas in the southwest and the two lakes are mainly mountainous and semi-mountainous areas, where crop rotation is difficult and continuous cropping is prominent; farmers mainly use small power machinery for shallow rotary tillage and shallow plowing, and the soil tillage layer is shallow; a large amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are applied to maintain high tobacco yields. The long-term single tillage and fertilization mode has led to an imbalance in the tillage layer structure, causing the tobacco-growing soil to become compacted, physical and chemical properties to change, water and fertilizer retention capacity to decrease, tobacco root system development to be hindered, and diseases and insect pests to become increasingly serious, making the tobacco plants dwarfed, slow to grow, and yield and quality to decline, seriously restricting the healthy, sustainable and stable development of the local flue-cured tobacco industry.

[0003] Providing a good soil environment for tobacco plant growth is the key to producing high-quality tobacco leaves. Deep plowing is the main measure to solve the obstacles of the tillage layer structure. Reasonable deep plowing can optimize / improve the effective tillage layer structure, rebuild the rhizosphere soil microbial environment, promote the early growth of the root system, and improve the absorption and utilization of deep soil water and nutrients by the root system, thereby improving the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves and, to a certain extent, improving the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco.

[0004] Increasing the application of organic fertilizer is one of the important measures for soil conservation. Studies have shown that the application of organic fertilizer can improve fertilizer utilization and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. Long-term application of organic fertilizer can improve soil structure, activate soil nutrients, increase organic matter content, improve soil microbial environment, improve tobacco plant disease resistance, promote the growth of tobacco plant roots and aboveground parts, and thus improve the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco.

[0005] According to our analysis of soil samples from 600 sampling points in Liupanshui, Guizhou, clay loam and clay soils accounted for 65.20% of the total number of tobacco fields tested (Table 1). Therefore, appropriate technical measures should be taken in this tobacco-growing area to improve soil structure, enhance soil permeability, and coordinate soil nutrient turnover and supply balance.

[0006] Table 1 Soil texture of Liupanshui tobacco fields (n=600)

[0007]

[0008] At the same time, most of the tobacco fields in Liupanshui are mountainous dry land with a shallow tillage layer. After deep plowing, the sub-tillage soil is turned to the surface layer. After ridge formation, the raw soil and cultivated soil are mixed. Therefore, adding high-quality biological organic fertilizers is an effective way to improve the soil microbial activity and organic matter quality after deep plowing.

[0009] At present, there are many studies on the effects of deep plowing or organic fertilizer on tobacco-growing soil and tobacco yield and quality, but there are few reports on the effects of the combination of the two. Therefore, based on the local geographical environment and tobacco-growing status of Liupanshui, how to provide a good tobacco-growing soil environment by combining deep plowing with organic fertilizer technology is a problem that needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the invention

[0010] Technical problem to be solved: In view of this, the present invention provides an application of deep plowing and sun-drying combined with high-carbon organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco cultivation.

[0011] Technical solution: Application of deep plowing and sun-drying combined with high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco cultivation, wherein the deep plowing depth is not less than 30 cm, the sun-drying days are not less than 7 days, the high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer has an organic matter content of not less than 45wt.%, a humic acid content of 20wt.%, and contains root-promoting Bacillus subtilis.

[0012] Preferably, the specific plan for deep plowing and sun-drying is as follows: deep plowing of the tobacco fields with a plowing depth of 30 cm during the winter idle period or after the early spring crops are harvested; the land is sun-dried for 7-15 days before the rainy season arrives; deep plowing of the winter idle tobacco fields is carried out before the end of December, and no harrowing is done after plowing; deep plowing of the tobacco fields planted with early spring crops is carried out after harvest, and the duration of sun-drying on consecutive sunny days is not less than 7 days.

[0013] The Bacillus subtilis was numbered CGMCC 1.2163 and was purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

[0014] Preferably, the concentration of Bacillus subtilis in the high carbon bio-organic fertilizer is 1.0×10 9 cfu / g.

[0015] Preferably, the high-carbon organic fertilizer raw materials are 5% zeolite powder, 25% potassium humate, and 70% decomposed cow dung in terms of mass percentage.

[0016] Preferably, the application amount of the high carbon bio-organic fertilizer is 750 kg / hm 2 , apply fertilizer before transplanting, and then follow local customs of ridge building, pond digging, film covering, transplanting and field management; or place it in the tobacco planting hole, and then put tobacco seedlings on it, and field cultivation management shall be carried out according to local production standardization requirements.

[0017] The application of deep ploughing and sun-drying combined with high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting includes the following steps: 1) deep ploughing and sun-drying; 2) applying high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer in the center of ridge formation, wherein the amount of high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer used is 750kg / hm 2; 3) Ridge making, pond digging, film covering, transplanting and field management according to local practices; or 1) deep ploughing and sun drying; 2) ridge making and pond digging according to local practices; 3) ring-applying high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer in the planting holes, the amount of which is 750kg / hm 2 ; Then, tobacco seedlings are placed on top, and 4) conventional field management is carried out after covering with film.

[0018] Beneficial effects: The present invention proposes a flue-cured tobacco planting technology that combines deep plowing and sun-drying with high-carbon organic fertilizer. The core of the technology lies in the synergistic effect of the two, which significantly improves the quality of tobacco-growing soil and the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco. Under the specific geographical environment and current tobacco-growing conditions of Liupanshui, the implementation of this technology has shown extraordinary results. Deep plowing and sun-drying improves the soil structure by physical means, increases the looseness and aeration of the soil, provides favorable conditions for the activity of soil microorganisms, accelerates the decomposition of harmful substances in the soil, and reduces the risk of diseases and insect pests. The application of high-carbon organic fertilizer greatly enriches the soil organic matter and provides comprehensive nutrients, especially carbon supplementation, which plays a key role in improving soil fertility and enhancing water and fertilizer retention capabilities. When used in combination, deep plowing creates a good soil environment for the full decomposition of organic fertilizers and the release of nutrients, so that the nutrients in the organic fertilizers can be more effectively absorbed and utilized by the roots of flue-cured tobacco. At the same time, the application of high-carbon organic fertilizers further promoted the improvement of the soil after deep plowing, enhanced the soil's buffering capacity and self-regulation ability, and provided a continuous and stable nutrient supply for the robust growth of flue-cured tobacco. This synergistic effect not only significantly improved the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco, such as increasing plant height, increasing leaf area index, and promoting root development, but also directly improved the economic traits of flue-cured tobacco, including increased yield, improved quality, and enhanced market competitiveness. More importantly, the implementation of this technology also reduced the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, reduced production costs, and increased the income of tobacco farmers. At the same time, it met the requirements of sustainable development of modern tobacco agriculture and achieved a win-win situation for environmental friendliness and agricultural production. Therefore, the synergistic effect of deep plowing and sun-drying and high-carbon organic fertilizers provides an efficient, environmentally friendly, and sustainable soil management and nutrient supply solution for flue-cured tobacco cultivation, which has significant promotion value and broad application prospects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] Figure 1 This is a diagram showing the experimental results of Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The following examples are intended to further illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0021] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are described clearly and completely below, although the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1: Field trial of deep tillage and high carbon organic fertilizer in Panzhou tobacco area

[0023] The test site is located in Zhudong Village, Zhudong Township, Panzhou City, Liupanshui City, with a field area of ​​2.5 mu. Deep plowing was carried out in February and March in winter when the weather was sunny and windy. The deep plowing angle was required to be vertical or nearly vertical, the deep plowing depth was not less than 30 cm, and the deep plowing depth was uniform, without omissions or shallow plowing. The deep plowing operation was performed twice to check whether the depth met the requirements.

[0024] The control group applied basal fertilizer (10-10-24) according to the local fertilization guidance, with an application rate of 60 kg / mu, and no deep plowing was performed. Conventional rotary tillage was used with a tillage depth of 12-15 cm. Treatment 1 applied basal fertilizer (10-10-24) according to the local fertilization guidance, with an application rate of 60 kg / mu, and deep plowing and sun drying were performed with a tillage depth of 30 cm. Treatment 2 applied tobacco high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥ 45%; the organic fertilizer was prepared by 5% by mass of zeolite powder, 25% by mass of potassium humate, and 70% by mass of decomposed cow dung, and contained Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 1.0×10 9 cfu / g), application rate 750kg / hm 2 , and the strip application method was adopted. After fertilization, the soil was deep-turned and sun-dried to a depth of 30 cm, and the soil was sun-dried for 15 days; then normal ridge-making, pond-digging, transplanting, and topdressing were carried out. The tobacco seedling variety used in the experiment was Yunyan 87, and the seedling raising method was the traditional floating seedling raising method. The control, treatment 1, and treatment 2 were all paralleled 3 times.

[0025] The survey results show that the plant height, leaf number and chlorophyll value of treatment 1 and treatment 2 at the cluster stage were significantly higher than those of the control, and treatment 2 was better than treatment 1; similarly, the plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll value and stem girth of treatment 1 and treatment 2 at the topping stage were significantly higher than those of the control, and treatment 2 was better; this shows that deep plowing is beneficial to the early growth and development of tobacco plants, and deep plowing combined with high-carbon biological organic fertilizer has a better effect.

[0026] Table 2 Survey of plant traits under different treatments

[0027]

[0028] At the same time, the bulk density, total porosity and organic matter of the soil during the topping period were also compared. The results showed that the bulk density of Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 were significantly lower than that of the control, and the total porosity was higher than that of the control, and Treatment 2 was better; at the same time, the soil organic matter content in Treatment 2 was significantly higher than that in Treatment 1, indicating that deep plowing is beneficial to improving soil structure and increasing soil permeability, and deep plowing combined with high-carbon biological organic fertilizer has better effects.

[0029] Table 3 Physicochemical properties of different treatments

[0030]

[0031] In addition, compared with the control, the average price of treatment 1 and treatment 2 increased by 1.81 and 1.92 yuan, the per-mu output value increased by 186.80 and 444.89 yuan, and the proportion of medium and high-quality tobacco increased by 7.92 and 14.76%. This shows that deep plowing is conducive to effectively improving the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco, thereby improving its economic traits, and applying high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer on the basis of deep plowing has a better effect.

[0032] Table 4 Economic characteristics of different treatments

[0033]

[0034] Example 2: Field test of deep tillage and high carbon organic fertilizer in Shuicheng tobacco area

[0035] The test site is located in Qixin Village, Ajia Town, Shuicheng District, Liupanshui City, with a field area of ​​2.5 mu. Deep plowing was carried out in February and March when the weather was sunny and windy. The deep plowing angle was required to be vertical or nearly vertical, the deep plowing depth was not less than 30 cm, and the deep plowing depth was uniform, without omissions or shallow plowing. The deep plowing operation was performed twice to check whether the depth met the requirements.

[0036] The control group applied basal fertilizer (10-10-24) according to the local fertilization guidance, with an application rate of 60 kg / mu, and no deep plowing was performed; treatment 1 applied basal fertilizer (10-10-24) according to the local fertilization guidance, with an application rate of 60 kg / mu, deep plowing and sun-drying, and the plowing depth was 30 cm; treatment 2 applied tobacco high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer (organic matter ≥ 45%; the organic fertilizer was prepared with 5% rapeseed cake, 15% potassium humate, and 80% decomposed cow dung by mass, and contained Bacillus subtilis at a concentration of 1.0×10 9 cfu / g), application rate 750kg / hm 2 , using hole-fertilization method. Deep plowing and sun-drying, plowing depth of 30cm, sun-drying for 7 days; then ridge building and pond digging; high-carbon biological organic fertilizer is applied in the planting hole, and then tobacco seedlings are transplanted on top, mulching and field management are performed. The tobacco seedling variety used in the experiment is Yunyan 87, and the seedling raising method is the traditional floating seedling raising method. The control and treatment are all 3 parallel.

[0037] The survey results show that the plant height, leaf number and chlorophyll value of treatment 1 and treatment 2 at the cluster stage were significantly higher than those of the control, and treatment 2 was better than treatment 1; similarly, the plant height, leaf number, chlorophyll value and stem girth of treatment 1 and treatment 2 at the topping stage were significantly higher than those of the control, and treatment 2 was better; this shows that deep plowing is beneficial to the early growth and development of tobacco plants, and deep plowing combined with high-carbon biological organic fertilizer has a better effect.

[0038] Table 5 Survey of plant traits under different treatments

[0039]

[0040] At the same time, the bulk density, total porosity and organic matter of the soil during the topping period were also compared. The results showed that the bulk density of Treatment 1 and Treatment 2 were significantly lower than that of the control, and the total porosity was higher than that of the control, and Treatment 2 was better; at the same time, the soil organic matter content in Treatment 2 was significantly higher than that in Treatment 1, indicating that deep plowing is beneficial to improving soil structure and increasing soil permeability, and deep plowing combined with high-carbon biological organic fertilizer has better effects.

[0041] Table 6 Physicochemical properties of different treatments

[0042]

[0043] In addition, compared with the control, treatment 1 and treatment 2 increased the yield per mu by 17.52 and 14.36 kg, while the average price increased by 0.71 and 2.39 yuan, the per mu output value increased by 580.15 and 768.84 yuan, and the proportion of medium and high-quality tobacco increased by 5.37-9.54%. This shows that deep plowing is conducive to effectively improving the agronomic traits of flue-cured tobacco, thereby improving its economic traits, and applying high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer on the basis of deep plowing has a better effect.

[0044] Table 7 Economic characteristics of different treatments

[0045]

[0046] Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. Application of deep ploughing and sun-drying with high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting, wherein the deep ploughing depth is not less than 30 cm, the sun-drying period is not less than 7 days, the organic matter content of high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer is not less than 45wt.%, and the humic acid content is 20wt.%, and the root-promoting Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ).

2. The application of deep ploughing and sun-drying combined with high-carbon biological organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The specific plan for deep plowing and sun-drying is as follows: deep plowing of the tobacco fields with a plowing depth of 30cm is carried out during the winter idle period or after the early spring crops are harvested; the land is sun-dried for 7-15 days before the rainy season arrives; deep plowing of the winter idle tobacco fields is carried out before the end of December, and no harrowing is done after plowing; deep plowing of the tobacco fields planted with early spring crops is carried out after harvest, and the sun-drying time on consecutive sunny days is not less than 7 days.

3. The application of deep ploughing and sun drying combined with high carbon bio-organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The Bacillus subtilis ( Bacillus subtilis ) with the number CGMCC 1.2163, purchased from China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center.

4. The application of deep ploughing and sun-drying combined with high-carbon biological organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The concentration of Bacillus subtilis in the high carbon bio-organic fertilizer is 1.0×10 9 cfu / g.

5. The application of deep ploughing and sun drying combined with high carbon bio-organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The high-carbon organic fertilizer raw materials are 5% zeolite powder, 25% potassium humate, and 70% decomposed cow dung in terms of mass percentage.

6. The application of deep ploughing and sun drying combined with high carbon bio-organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The application amount of the high carbon bio-organic fertilizer is 750kg / hm 2 , apply fertilizer before transplanting, and then follow local customs of ridge building, pond digging, film covering, transplanting and field management; or place it in the tobacco planting hole, and then put tobacco seedlings on it, and field cultivation management shall be carried out according to local production standardization requirements.

7. The application of deep ploughing and sun-drying in combination with high-carbon biological organic fertilizer in flue-cured tobacco planting according to any one of claims 1 to 6 is characterized in that: The following steps are involved: 1) Deep ploughing and sun drying; 2) Apply high carbon bio-organic fertilizer in the center of the ridge, the amount of high carbon bio-organic fertilizer used is 750kg / hm 2 ; 3) Ridge making, pond digging, film covering, transplanting and field management according to local practices; or 1) deep ploughing and sun drying; 2) ridge making and pond digging according to local practices; 3) ring-applying high-carbon bio-organic fertilizer in the planting holes, the application rate of which is 750kg / hm 2 ; Then put the tobacco seedlings on top, 4) carry out routine field management after covering.

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