Modification method for improving quality and efficiency of soapberry artificial forest and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a transformation method for improving quality and efficiency of a soapberry artificial forest and application, and belongs to the technical field of planting of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The transformation planting method comprises the following steps: (1) dividing a man-made forest, namely a soapberry man-made forest plot needing quality improvement and efficiency improvement; (2) carrying out grafting transformation and intercropping tetrapanax papyriferus synergistic transformation on low-yield forests, low-efficiency forests and low-yield and low-efficiency forests; and (3) carrying out water and fertilizer management on the artificial forest subjected to low-yield transformation and synergistic transformation, and carrying out characteristic management and protection while carrying out water and fertilizer management. According to the method, five-year fruit-bearing sapindus mukorossi branches are grafted, partial fruit bearing of sapindus mukorossi in the current year, yield increase in the next year and intercropping of tetrapanax papyriferus horizontal roots are achieved, the drought risk during planting is reduced, the budding rate is increased, nitrogen conclusion with sapindus mukorossi in summer and autumn is achieved, growth of shoots in summer and autumn is reduced, the yield and economic benefits are increased, and the variety, humidity, nitrogen content and vegetation coverage rate are increased; the three-dimensional restoration and protection effects on the ecological environment are achieved, and the high-quality sustainable development of the forestry industry is promoted through short-term cultivation and long-term cultivation.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese medicinal material planting, and in particular relates to a transformation method and application of a soapberry plantation for improving quality and efficiency. Background Art

[0002] Soapberry is a perennial tree species. After artificial planting, it will bear fruit in 3 to 5 years with careful management. If it is managed extensively, it will bear fruit in 6 to 10 years or no fruit or a small amount of fruit, becoming a low-yield forest. If there are no other economic crops under the soapberry plantation, there will be no economic benefits in the first 3 to 5 years or even longer of fruiting, thus becoming a low-yield and low-efficiency forest. At present, there is little research on low-efficiency soapberry forests, mainly intercropping. Therefore, the transformation of soapberry plantations has become the main measure for the high-quality development of soapberry. Among the more than 600,000 mu of soapberry plantations in the country, the results of different seedling sources, management methods and cultivation methods vary greatly, indicating that the transformation of soapberry plantations is particularly urgent and necessary.

[0003] The transformation of soapberry plantations is still in its infancy. At present, in the cultivation and management of soapberry, there is only simple interplanting, and no targeted transformation is taken according to the growth law of soapberry and the synergy between plants. The technology lacks orientation, especially there is no artificial forest transformation technology based on altitude, purpose, and synergy, resulting in unclear scope of application of the technology, which greatly limits the high-quality development of the soapberry industry. In summary, the development of transformation technology for soapberry plantations is of great practical significance.

[0004] To sum up, the main problems with the current similar technologies are: first, when planting soapberry, seedlings are preferred, and the fruit-bearing period is relatively long; second, there is extensive management after planting, or even no care is taken after planting and the trees are allowed to grow freely; third, there is no intercropping or understory interplanting, and the methods are simple, no plans have been formed, and systematic technology is still relatively lacking; fourth, nitrogen fertilizer is biased towards water and fertilizer management, resulting in many soapberry plantations growing well but not bearing fruit; fifth, there is a lack of integration of a whole set of excellent technologies, and they mainly rely on selection in nature, lacking reasonable and scientific human intervention experiments, resulting in the lazy, natural and inefficient cultivation of soapberry plantations.

[0005] Currently, there are no reports on overcoming the above defects, combining altitude, usage and geographical characteristics, adopting scientific transformation methods, selecting five-year-old high-quality fruit-bearing branches for grafting, and intercropping with tung wood to transform soapberry plantations. Summary of the invention

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a transformation method of a soapberry plantation and its application. The present invention is aimed at the defects existing in the soapberry plantation in the prior art, combined with the geographical location of the low-yield and low-efficiency forest, and adopts scientific control means to optimize the division of the plantation, low-yield and high-efficiency transformation, water and fertilizer management and management respectively, wherein the low-yield and high-efficiency transformation includes two parts: low-yield transformation and high-efficiency transformation, and water and fertilizer management includes fertilization before intercropping, topdressing during management and water and fertilizer application methods, and finally forms a set of technical systems that can effectively promote the quality and efficiency of soapberry. Practice has proved that the use of the method of the present invention to transform the soapberry plantation can improve the economic output value of the soapberry artificial low-efficiency forest, and improve the fruiting rate, soil moisture, nitrogen content and vegetation coverage of soapberry, realize synergy between plants, and strengthen the optimization and management of the environment.

[0007] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0008] The invention provides a transformation method for a soapberry plantation, which includes three aspects: division of the plantation, low-yield efficiency-increasing transformation, and water and fertilizer management and maintenance.

[0009] Preferably, the artificial forest is divided at 24°37'~29°13'N and 800 meters above sea level or below. Low-yield forest refers to a plantation with a soapberry plant spacing of ≥4m and a tree height of 2-10m, poor adaptability or poor growth or no fruit bearing or an average annual fruit bearing of ≤2kg per plant; low-efficiency forest refers to a plantation with a soapberry plant spacing of ≥4m and a tree height of 2-10m, an average per-acre yield of ≤400kg or an annual total economic output value of ≤2,000 yuan; low-yield and low-efficiency forest refers to a plantation with a soapberry plant spacing of ≥4m and a tree height of 2-10m, an average per-acre yield of ≤400kg and an annual total economic output value of ≤2,000 yuan.

[0010] Preferably, the low-yield efficiency-enhancing transformation includes low-yield transformation and efficiency-enhancing transformation. Low-yield transformation refers to cutting off the top of the soapberry trees in the soapberry low-yield forest 1 to 1.2 meters above the ground, soaking them with carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) for 3 to 5 minutes, and then sealing the top 0.5 to 1 cm with liquid paraffin for grafting.

[0011] The grafting time is to select scions for grafting before the leaf buds of the soapberry sprout (i.e., November to December each year).

[0012] The scion is a five-year-old fruit-bearing branch of soapberry, with a length of 8 to 10 cm, good quality, early maturity and no diseases and insect pests, and the lower part of the branch is cut by 2 to 4 cm.

[0013] The scion is placed in a large vat with carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) and soaked for 5 to 8 minutes. After sterilization, it is soaked in a large vat solution (ABT No. 1 rooting powder is dissolved in 75% ethanol, and then medium-element water-soluble fertilizer rooting powder and water are added and mixed) for 10 to 15 minutes.

[0014] The grafting method comprises the following steps: using a grafting knife to make three incisions at an angle of 120 degrees on the top of the truncated soapberry, with a width of 1 to 2 cm and a depth of 2 to 4 cm, and grafting the scion onto the rootstock, wherein each soapberry rootstock has three scions, and each scion has an angle of 30 to 60 degrees with the plane.

[0015] The post-grafting treatment comprises wrapping the grafted branches with 6 to 19 layers of film, and sealing the top and the grafting position with liquid paraffin after wrapping three branches, with the thickness of the sealing wax being 0.5 to 1 cm.

[0016] Preferably, the synergistic transformation refers to intercropping of Chinese medicinal materials on the plot after grafting, and the intercropping species is Tongtuo Wood ( Tetrapanax papyrifer (Hook.) K. Koch) is a plant of the genus Araliaceae. The intercropping time is cloudy or rainy days from January to February every year.

[0017] The land preparation refers to loosening the soil according to the land to be changed one month before planting, the first deep plowing depth is 6 to 12 cm, and 200 to 500 kg / mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 500 to 1000 kg / mu of organic fertilizer are applied. The second plowing is to mix the compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and soil for pit digging.

[0018] The pits are dug in the prepared plots according to a plant spacing of 1.5m×2m, with 3 pits dug between each plant spacing, the length and width of the middle pit being opposite to the others, and the side pits being 20-30cm long, 10-15cm wide and 5-8cm deep.

[0019] The seedlings are healthy roots with a horizontal root length of 20 to 30 cm, 3 to 6 buds, and no diseases or insect pests. The horizontal roots are placed in a large vat of carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) and immersed for 5 to 8 minutes. After sterilization, they are immersed in a large vat solution (ABT No. 1 rooting powder is dissolved in 75% ethanol, and then medium-element water-soluble fertilizer rooting powder and water are added and mixed) for 12 to 18 minutes.

[0020] The planting method is to place the processed small heads of horizontal roots at the bottom of the pit in a prepared pit, with the angle between the small heads and the bottom of the pit at 30 to 60 degrees, and the large heads upwards 3 to 5 cm out of the pit mouth, and water each plant with 500 to 1000 ml of rooting water.

[0021] Preferably, the water and fertilizer management refers to checking and reseeding seedlings 2 months after planting, watering with 1.1-2.1 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per plant in May, spraying 1.5-1.8 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu of foliar fertilizer in June, spraying 1.2-1.5 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu of foliar fertilizer in July, spraying 1.0-1.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu of foliar fertilizer in August, spraying 0.8-1.0 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu of foliar fertilizer in September, spraying 0.6-0.8 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2-0.4 kg of paclobutrazol per mu of foliar fertilizer in October, applying 200 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu of foliar fertilizer in November, and adopting the above fertilization method for the 2nd to 5th years.

[0022] Preferably, the management and maintenance refers to retaining only spring shoots from April to September each year, removing summer and autumn shoots, applying strong phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and organic fertilizers in winter; taking out the stem pith from the truncatum, and sprinkling the stems and leaves on the ground to rot on their own as green manure returned to the field.

[0023] The management and maintenance is that in summer and autumn, the cyperus rotundus competes with soapberry for nitrogen, reducing the growth of summer and autumn shoots. The stems and leaves of the cyperus rotundus spread flat in winter release nitrogen to effectively promote the growth of spring shoots of soapberry, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate.

[0024] The potassium sulfate compound fertilizer is produced by Jinzhengda Ecological Engineering Group Co., Ltd., with a total nutrient content of ≥51%, NP 2 O 5 -K 2 0 is 17-17-17. When used as base fertilizer, 200-500kg / mu is applied on the first plowed soil. When used as topdressing, it is applied to the roots of Sapindus mukorossi and Smilax china. The fertilizer registration number is SDFHFL2021-02447.

[0025] The potassium dihydrogen phosphate fertilizer is produced by Anhui Fengle Agrochemical Co., Ltd., and its main content (in terms of KH 2 PO 4 ) ≥99%, P 2 O 5 ≥52%, K 2 0≥34%, when applied, 100g is mixed with 20-25kg water and sprayed with an electric sprayer; Paclobutrazol is produced by Sichuan Runer Technology Co., Ltd., with an active ingredient content of 15%. When applied, 0.2-0.4kg is mixed with 20-25kg water, and the registration number is PD20081543.

[0026] The organic fertilizer is produced by Guizhou Yilong Wanfeng Ecological Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium ≥ 6%, organic matter ≥ 60%, humic acid ≥ 8%, and effective live bacteria count ≥ 20 million / g. When used as base fertilizer, 500-1000kg / mu is applied on the first plowed soil. When used as topdressing, 500kg per mu is applied to the roots of Sapindus mukorossi and Smilax china. The implementation standard is NY884-2012.

[0027] The medium-element water-soluble fertilizer (rooting powder) is produced by Zibo Runze Fertilizer Co., Ltd., with Mg≥10.0%. When applied, 1g is diluted with 1-2.5kg of water. The registration number is ZLSRSD2021-00361. ABT1 (rooting powder) is produced by Beijing Abidi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a total active ingredient content of 50%, naphthaleneacetic acid content of 20%, and indoleacetic acid content of 30%. When applied, 1g is dissolved in 100ml of alcohol, and after complete dissolution, it is diluted with 1.5-3kg of water. The pesticide registration certificate number is PD20081125.

[0028] The carbendazim is produced by Jiangsu Lanfeng Biochemical Co., Ltd., and has an active ingredient content of 50%. When applied, 80g is mixed with 4kg, and the pesticide registration number is PD85150-8.

[0029] The invention also provides an application of the soapberry plantation transformation.

[0030] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0031] (1) The fruit-bearing rate of soapberry is greatly improved. The method of the present invention is adopted to transform the low-yield forest in the soapberry plantation, so that some soapberries can bear fruit in the first year and increase the yield in the second year, and the fruit-bearing rate can be increased by more than 1 times, thus avoiding the current situation of low-yield forests not bearing fruit for a long time or with low yield.

[0032] (2) The root budding rate of tongta wood is significantly improved. Through the application of technology, the root bud budding rate of tongta wood is high, so that the tongta wood can basically pave the forest land in the first year, effectively inhibit the growth of weeds, and have high output and obvious economic benefits.

[0033] (3) Soil moisture, nitrogen content and vegetation coverage have increased significantly. Intercropping of low-yield or low-efficiency forests, as well as low-yield and low-efficiency forests, has increased plant diversity and effectively improved vegetation coverage, thereby increasing soil moisture. In addition, due to the green manure effect of fertilization and leaf removal, the nitrogen content has increased significantly.

[0034] (4) The effect of replacing pesticides with fertilizers is obvious. Unlike traditional technologies that use a large amount of pesticides, the transformation technology of the present invention mainly improves the nutritional content of the target plants and controls the number of summer and autumn shoots to ensure the growth capacity of spring shoots, thereby realizing three-dimensional ecological cultivation; intercropping of tongcao under the forest absorbs soil nitrogen in summer and autumn, reduces the germination and growth of summer and autumn shoots, and harvests the stems and leaves of tongcao in winter as green manure and returns them to the fields, effectively improving soil fertility, thereby enhancing the disease resistance of the target crops and realizing the use of fertilizers instead of pesticides.

[0035] (5) The quality and efficiency of low-yield forests and low-efficiency forests are improved. Through the application of the present invention, not only the yield of soapberry is increased and the disease resistance is enhanced, but also the forest economy is developed. The economic benefits of the replacement soapberry are low or no in the first 1 to 2 years after planting, and the forest and forest areas have good harvests in the later stage. It is the preferred model variety for soapberry plantations and other tree species in the later stage. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a top view of the modified soapberry plantation in the present invention.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of grafting for low-yield transformation of soapberry in the present invention.

[0038] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the grafting effect of low-yield transformation of Sapindus mukorossi in the present invention.

[0039] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the quality improvement and efficiency enhancement transformation in the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 This is a diagram showing the effectiveness of the efficiency-enhancing transformation in the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and essence of the present invention, modifications or substitutions made to the method, steps or conditions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention. The materials used in the following examples can all be obtained commercially, and the methods used in the examples are consistent with the conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

[0042] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments.

[0043] Example 1

[0044] A soapberry forest was selected in the river valley area between 25°21' and 25°50' north latitude and about 380 meters above sea level, with a plant spacing of ≥4m, a tree height of 2 to 10m, an average annual fruit yield of ≤2kg per plant, and no obvious diseases and insect pests. The following methods were used for transformation.

[0045] (1) According to the classification principle, the forest was classified as a low-yield forest; the forest was transformed into a low-yield forest by cutting off the top 1 to 1.2 m from the ground, soaking it with carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) for 4 min, and then sealing the top 0.8 cm with liquid paraffin.

[0046] (2) Grafting should be carried out in November and December every year. Choose five-year-old fruit-bearing soapberry branches with a length of 9 cm, good quality, early maturity and no diseases or insect pests. Cut the lower part of the branch by 3 cm and soak it in a large vat of carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) for 6 minutes. After sterilization, soak it in a large vat solution (ABT No. 1 rooting powder is dissolved in 75% ethanol, and then add medium-element water-soluble fertilizer rooting powder and water to mix) for 12 minutes as the standby scion.

[0047] (3) Use a grafting knife to make three cuts at an angle of 120° on the top of the truncated soapberry, with a width of 1.5 cm and a depth of 3.5 cm. Graft the scion to be used onto the rootstock, with three scions per soapberry rootstock, each at an angle of 45° to the plane.

[0048] (4) Wrap the grafted branches with 10 layers of film. After wrapping three branches, seal the top and grafted parts with liquid paraffin. The thickness of the sealing wax should be 0.8 cm.

[0049] (5) After the grafting is completed, the land should be prepared one month before the intercropping of medicinal herbs. The soil should be loosened according to the plot. The first deep plowing depth is 10 cm. 250 kg / mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 550 kg / mu of organic fertilizer should be applied. The second plowing should be done to mix the compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and soil.

[0050] (6) Dig holes in the prepared plot according to the plant spacing of 1.5m×2m. Dig 3 holes for each plant spacing. The length and width of the middle hole are opposite to the others. The side holes are 24cm long, 12cm wide and 6cm deep.

[0051] (7) Select healthy horizontal roots of the woody plant that are 20 to 30 cm long, have three buds, and are free of pests and diseases. Place the horizontal roots in a large vat of carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) and soak them for 6 minutes. After sterilization, soak them in a large vat of solution (ABT No. 1 rooting powder dissolved in 75% ethanol, then add medium-element water-soluble fertilizer rooting powder and water and mix well) for 15 minutes for later use.

[0052] (8) In the dug pit, place the small end of the horizontal root to be used at the bottom of the pit, with an angle of 30 to 60 degrees to the bottom of the pit, and the large end facing upward, 4 cm above the soil at the mouth of the pit. Compact the soil and water each plant with 750 ml of rooting water.

[0053] (9) Check and replant seedlings 2 months after planting. Water with 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per plant in May. Spray 1.6 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in June. Spray 1.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in July. Spray 1.1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in August. Spray 0.8 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in September. Spray 0.7 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.2 kg of paclobutrazol per mu as foliar fertilizer in October. Apply 200 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in November. Use the water and fertilizer management methods of the current year in the second year.

[0054] (10) From April to September each year, only spring shoots are retained, summer and autumn shoots are removed, strong phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in summer and autumn, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizers are applied in winter; the pith of the stems is removed from the truncation trees, and the stems and leaves are sprinkled on the ground and allowed to rot on their own as green manure and returned to the fields.

[0055] It has been determined that using the method of this embodiment, the number of fruit bearing in the soapberry in the same year is 15 to 21 plants per mu without leaving fruit, and the yield of tongcao per mu is 16.7 to 25.3 kg; the number of fruit bearing in the second year is 38 to 42 plants per mu, the yield per mu is 368.2 to 511.4 kg, and the yield of tongcao per mu is 31.5 to 68.7 kg. Through the measurement and detection of the implementation area, the humidity increased by 10.1 to 15.6%, the nitrogen content increased by 15.3 to 18.7%, and the vegetation coverage rate increased by 39.5 to 43.7%. According to preliminary calculations, the effect of ecological restoration is significant, and the quality and efficiency are more obvious. The economic income per mu increased by 8,350 to 12,650 yuan in the same year, the economic income per mu of tongcao increased by 15,750 to 34,350 yuan in the second year, and the economic income per mu of soapberry increased by 1,841 to 2,557 yuan.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] Select a soapberry forest at 25°21'~25°50' north latitude and about 520 meters above sea level, with a plant spacing of ≥4m, a tree height of 2~10m, an average annual fruit yield of ≤2kg per plant, no forest industry, and no obvious pests and diseases. Use the following methods for transformation:

[0058] (1) According to the classification principle, the forest was classified as a low-yield forest; the forest was transformed into a low-yield forest by cutting off the top 1 to 1.2 m from the ground, soaking it with carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) for 5 min, and then sealing the top 1.0 cm with liquid paraffin.

[0059] (2) Grafting should be carried out in November and December every year. Choose five-year-old fruit-bearing soapberry branches that are 10 cm long, of good quality, mature early, and free of pests and diseases. Cut the lower part of the branch by 3 cm and soak it in a large vat of carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) for 7 minutes. After sterilization, soak it in a large vat solution (ABT No. 1 rooting powder dissolved in 75% ethanol, then add medium-element water-soluble fertilizer rooting powder and water and mix well) for 15 minutes as the standby scion.

[0060] (3) Use a grafting knife to make three cuts at an angle of 120° on the top of the truncated soapberry, with a width of 1.5 cm and a depth of 3.5 cm. Graft the scion to be used onto the rootstock, with three scions per soapberry rootstock, each at an angle of 45° to the plane.

[0061] (4) Wrap the grafted branches with 10 layers of film. After wrapping three branches, seal the top and grafted parts with liquid paraffin. The thickness of the sealing wax is 1.0 cm.

[0062] (5) After the grafting is completed, the land should be prepared one month before the intercropping of medicinal herbs. The soil should be loosened according to the plot. The first deep plowing depth is 10 cm. 350 kg / mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 650 kg / mu of organic fertilizer should be applied. The second plowing should be done to mix the compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and soil.

[0063] (6) Dig holes in the prepared plot according to the plant spacing of 1.5m×2m. Dig 3 holes for each plant spacing. The length and width of the middle hole are opposite to the others. The side holes are 24cm long, 12cm wide and 6cm deep.

[0064] (7) Select healthy horizontal roots of the woody plant that are 20 to 30 cm long, have three buds, and are free of pests and diseases. Place the horizontal roots in a large vat of carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) and soak them for 6 minutes. After sterilization, soak them in a large vat of solution (ABT No. 1 rooting powder dissolved in 75% ethanol, then add medium-element water-soluble fertilizer rooting powder and water and mix well) for 15 minutes for later use.

[0065] (8) In the dug pit, place the small end of the horizontal root to be used at the bottom of the pit, with an angle of 30 to 60 degrees to the bottom of the pit, and the large end facing upward, 4 cm above the soil at the mouth of the pit. Compact the soil and water each plant with 750 ml of rooting water.

[0066] (9) Check and replant seedlings 2 months after planting. Water with 1.5 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per plant in May. Spray 1.6 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in June. Spray 1.3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in July. Spray 1.1 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in August. Spray 0.8 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in September. Spray 0.7 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3 kg of paclobutrazol per mu as foliar fertilizer in October. Apply 200 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 500 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in November. Use the water and fertilizer management methods of the current year in the second year.

[0067] (10) From April to September each year, only spring shoots are retained, summer and autumn shoots are removed, strong phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in summer and autumn, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizers are applied in winter; the pith of the stems is removed from the truncation trees, and the stems and leaves are sprinkled on the ground and allowed to rot on their own as green manure and returned to the fields.

[0068] It has been determined that using the method of this embodiment, the number of soapberry fruits per mu is 17 to 22 plants without fruit, and the yield of tongcao per mu is 17.9 to 28.2 kg; the number of soapberry fruits per mu is 39 to 42 plants, the yield per mu is 375.6 to 521.2 kg, and the yield per mu is 35.6 to 69.8 kg. Through the measurement and detection of the implementation area, the humidity increased by 10.1 to 15.6%, the nitrogen content increased by 15.3 to 18.7%, and the vegetation coverage rate increased by 39.5 to 43.7%. According to preliminary calculations, the effect of ecological restoration is significant, and the quality and efficiency are more obvious. The economic income per mu increased by 8,350 to 12,650 yuan in the same year, the economic income per mu of tongcao increased by 17,800 to 34,900 yuan in the second year, and the economic income per mu of soapberry increased by 1,878 to 2,606 yuan.

[0069] Example 3

[0070] A soapberry forest was selected at 25°21'~25°50' north latitude and about 750 meters above sea level, with plant spacing ≥4m, tree height 2~10m, average annual fruit yield per plant ≤2kg, no understory industry, and no obvious diseases and insect pests. The following methods were used for transformation.

[0071] (1) According to the classification principle, the forest was classified as a low-yield forest; the forest was transformed into a low-yield forest by cutting off the top 1 to 1.2 m from the ground, soaking it with carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) for 5 min, and then sealing the top 1.0 cm with liquid paraffin.

[0072] (2) Grafting should be carried out in November and December every year. Choose five-year-old fruit-bearing soapberry branches that are 10 cm long, of good quality, mature early, and free of pests and diseases. Cut the lower part of the branch by 3 cm and soak it in a large vat of carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) for 7 minutes. After sterilization, soak it in a large vat solution (ABT No. 1 rooting powder dissolved in 75% ethanol, then add medium-element water-soluble fertilizer rooting powder and water and mix well) for 15 minutes as the standby scion.

[0073] (3) Use a grafting knife to make three cuts at an angle of 120° on the top of the truncated soapberry, with a width of 1.5 cm and a depth of 3.5 cm. Graft the scion to be used onto the rootstock, with three scions per soapberry rootstock, each at an angle of 45° to the plane.

[0074] (4) Wrap the grafted branches with 10 layers of film. After wrapping three branches, seal the top and grafted parts with liquid paraffin. The thickness of the sealing wax is 1.0 cm.

[0075] (5) After the grafting is completed, the land should be prepared one month before intercropping medicinal herbs. The soil should be loosened according to the plot. The first deep plowing depth is 10 cm. 450 kg / mu of potassium sulfate type compound fertilizer and 750 kg / mu of organic fertilizer should be applied. The second plowing should be done to mix the compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer and soil.

[0076] (6) Dig holes in the prepared plot according to the plant spacing of 1.5m×2m. Dig 3 holes for each plant spacing. The length and width of the middle hole are opposite to the others. The side holes are 24cm long, 12cm wide and 6cm deep.

[0077] (7) Select healthy horizontal roots of the woody plant that are 20 to 30 cm long, have three buds, and are free of pests and diseases. Place the horizontal roots in a large vat of carbendazim solution (50% carbendazim: water = 1:50) and soak them for 6 minutes. After sterilization, soak them in a large vat of solution (ABT No. 1 rooting powder dissolved in 75% ethanol, then add medium-element water-soluble fertilizer rooting powder and water and mix well) for 15 minutes for later use.

[0078] (8) In the dug pit, place the small end of the horizontal root to be used at the bottom of the pit, with an angle of 30° to 60° to the bottom of the pit, and the large end facing upward, 4 cm above the pit mouth. Compact the soil and water each plant with 750 ml of rooting water.

[0079] (9) Check and replant seedlings 2 months after planting. Water with 1.6 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer per plant in May. Spray 1.7 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in June. Spray 1.4 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in July. Spray 1.2 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in August. Spray 0.9 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate per mu as foliar fertilizer in September. Spray 0.8 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.4 kg of paclobutrazol per mu as foliar fertilizer in October. Apply 500 kg of potassium sulfate compound fertilizer and 1000 kg of organic fertilizer per mu in November. Use the water and fertilizer management methods of the current year in the second year.

[0080] (10) From April to September each year, only spring shoots are retained, summer and autumn shoots are removed, strong phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in summer and autumn, and potassium sulfate compound fertilizers are applied in winter; the pith of the stems is removed from the truncation trees, and the stems and leaves are sprinkled on the ground and allowed to rot on their own as green manure and returned to the fields.

[0081] It has been determined that using the method of this embodiment, the number of soapberry fruits per mu is 28 to 38 plants, and the yield of tongcao per mu is 17.9 to 29.5 kg; the number of soapberry fruits per mu in the second year is 17 to 22 plants without fruit, the yield per mu is 380.1 to 535.9 kg, and the yield of tongcao per mu is 36.3 to 70.6 kg. Through the measurement and detection of the implementation area, the humidity increased by 10.9 to 16.7%, the nitrogen content increased by 16.8 to 19.1%, and the vegetation coverage rate increased by 39.6 to 44.8%. According to preliminary calculations, the effect of ecological restoration is significant, and the quality and efficiency are more obvious. The economic income per mu increased by 8950 to 14750 yuan in the current year, the economic income per mu of tongcao increased by 18150 to 35300 yuan in the second year, and the economic income per mu of soapberry increased by 1900.5 to 2679.5 yuan.

[0082] Comparative Example 1

[0083] The soapberry plantation in this comparative example is a naturally grown soapberry forest at 25°21'-25°50' north latitude, 800 meters or less above sea level, with a plant spacing of ≥4m and a tree height of 2-10m, and is in good growth condition.

[0084] By comparing the experimental results of Examples 1 to 3 with those of Comparative Example 1, it can be seen that by using the method of the present invention, the per mu output value is increased from 0 to 420 yuan / mu in Comparative Example 1 to 8350 to 14750 yuan in the current year, and the yield of soapberry in the second year is increased from 0 to 84 kg / mu in Comparative Example 1 to 368.2 to 535.9 kg / mu, an increase of 4.38 to 6.37 times, and the per mu output value is increased from 0 to 420 yuan / mu in Comparative Example 1 to 17591 to 37979.5 yuan; the humidity is increased by 10.1 to 16.7%, the nitrogen content is increased by 15.3 to 19.1%, and the vegetation coverage rate is increased by 39.5 to 44.8%; it can be shown that the method of the present invention can not only fundamentally solve the problem of low-yield and low-efficiency soapberry forests, but also achieve ecological restoration and management.

[0085] The embodiments described above are only descriptions of the preferred modes of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method and application for improving the quality and efficiency of a soapberry plantation, characterized in that: The planting method comprises the following steps: (1) The division of plantations refers to the plots of soapberry plantations that need to be improved in quality and efficiency; (2) Carry out grafting and intercropping and de-wooding to improve the efficiency of low-yield forests, low-efficiency forests, and low-yield and low-efficiency forests; (2) Carry out water and fertilizer management for low-yield and efficiency-enhanced plantations, and carry out special management and protection at the same time.

2. The transformation method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the above step (1), the classification of artificial forests is as follows: low-yield forests refer to artificial forests with a row spacing of ≥4m, a tree height of 2-10m, poor adaptability or poor growth or no fruit bearing or an average annual fruit bearing of ≤2kg per plant; low-efficiency forests refer to artificial forests with a row spacing of ≥4m, a tree height of 2-10m, an average per-acre yield of ≤400kg or an annual total economic output value of ≤2,000 yuan. Low-yield and low-efficiency forests refer to artificial forests with a row spacing of ≥4m, a tree height of 2-10m, an average per-acre yield of ≤400kg and an annual total economic output value of ≤2,000 yuan.

3. The transformation method according to claim 2, characterized in that: In the step (1), the soapberry plantation plot is located at 24°37'-29°13' north latitude and 800 meters or less above sea level.

4. The transformation method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The low-yield transformation in step (2) is to graft five-year-old fruit-bearing branches of soapberry, and the efficiency-enhancing transformation is to intercrop with horizontal roots of defoliated trees.

5. The transformation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the step (2), three scions are placed on each soapberry rootstock, each with an angle of 30 to 60° with the plane, with the small end of the horizontal root placed at the bottom of the pit, with an angle of 30 to 60° with the bottom of the pit, and the large end facing upwards, 3 to 5 cm above the pit mouth.

6. The transformation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The water and fertilizer management in step (3) refers to the application of fertilizer and water from May to November in the planting year, and the water and fertilizer management and maintenance in the 2nd to 5th year.

7. The transformation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The step (3) mainly applies potassium sulfate compound fertilizer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer and organic fertilizer. From April to September each year, only spring shoots are retained, summer and autumn shoots are removed, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied intensively, and organic fertilizers and green manures are returned to the fields in winter.

8. The transformation method according to claim 7, characterized in that: In the step (3), the deciduous wood in summer and autumn competes with the soapberry for nitrogen, thereby reducing the growth of summer and autumn shoots.

9. The transformation method according to claim 8, characterized in that: After the nitrogen absorbed by the wood is collected in step (3), the stems and leaves of the wood are spread out in winter to release the nitrogen, which effectively promotes the growth of the spring shoots of the soapberry, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate.

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