Feed for coreius guichenoti as well as preparation method and application of feed

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of fish feed, and provides coreius guichenoti feed as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The feed is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45.0 to 50.0 parts of fish meal, 13.0 to 17.0 parts of soybean meal, 10.0 to 14.0 parts of chicken meal, 10.0 to 14.0 parts of flour, 2.0 to 5.0 parts of fish oil, 1.0 to 2.0 parts of euphausia superba oil, 1.0 to 3.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.0 to 3.0 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.002 to 0.2 part of bacillus powder, 0.1 to 0.2 part of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1 to 0.3 part of methionine, 0.3 to 0.7 part of choline chloride, 1.0 to 3.0 parts of microcrystalline cellulose and 1.6 to 2.4 parts of vitamins and minerals. Wherein the viable count of the bacillus powder is 2.5 * 10 < 9 >-5 * 10 < 9 > CFU / g. The feed is beneficial to improving the intestinal health of coreius guichenoti.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of fish feed, and in particular to round-mouth copper fish feed and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Coreius guichenoti, commonly known as water-dense fish, belongs to the Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae, and Coreius genus. It is mainly distributed in the main and tributary rivers of the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and was once the main economic fish in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in my country.

[0003] In recent years, due to the impact of human activities such as water-related engineering construction, overfishing and environmental pollution, the number of round-mouthed copper fish (the amount of wild resources) has sharply decreased, and it has now been listed as a national second-class protected animal. Therefore, it is urgent to carry out artificial large-scale breeding and proliferation and release of round-mouthed copper fish to protect and restore its wild resources. At present, domestic artificial breeding technology for round-mouthed copper fish has made a breakthrough, but due to the lack of nutritional research on round-mouthed copper fish fry, there is currently no special artificial compound feed for round-mouthed copper fish fry. Therefore, in the process of mass breeding of seedlings, non-special feeds are mainly used for the breeding of round-mouthed copper fish fry. However, non-special feeds have problems such as nutritional inability to meet the needs of round-mouthed copper fish fry and poor digestion performance. It is very easy to damage the intestinal health of round-mouthed copper fish fry and lead to the occurrence of intestinal diseases such as enteritis, which seriously restricts the large-scale breeding and protection of round-mouthed copper fish fry.

[0004] Therefore, it is urgently necessary to design scientific feed formulas based on the nutritional needs of round-mouthed copper fish fry, guide the production of special compound feeds that are beneficial to the intestinal health of round-mouthed copper fish fry, further improve the efficiency of large-scale seedling cultivation, and assist in the protection of the round-mouthed copper fish species. Summary of the invention

[0005] The invention provides a round-mouth copper fish feed, a preparation method and application thereof, which can improve the intestinal health of round-mouth copper fish fry.

[0006] The invention provides a round-mouth copper fish feed, wherein the raw materials thereof comprise the following components in parts by weight: 45.0-50.0 parts of fish meal, 13.0-17.0 parts of soybean meal, 10.0-14.0 parts of chicken meal, 10.0-14.0 parts of flour, 2.0-5.0 parts of fish oil, 1.0-2.0 parts of Antarctic krill oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.0-3.0 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.002-0.2 parts of bacillus powder, 0.1-0.2 parts of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.3 parts of methionine, 0.3-0.7 parts of choline chloride, 1.0-3.0 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and 1.6-2.4 parts of vitamins and minerals; wherein the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus powder is 2.5×10 9~5×10 9 CFU / g.

[0007] Optionally, the raw materials include the following components in parts by weight: 47.0-49.0 parts of fish meal, 14.0-16.0 parts of soybean meal, 11.0-13.0 parts of chicken meal, 11.0-13.0 parts of flour, 3.0-4.0 parts of fish oil, 1.3-1.7 parts of Antarctic krill oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.5-2.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01-0.03 parts of Bacillus powder, 0.1-0.15 parts of vitamin C phosphate, 0.15-0.25 parts of methionine, 0.4-0.6 parts of choline chloride, 1.5-2.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and 1.5-2.5 parts of vitamins and minerals.

[0008] Optionally, the vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , vitamin C, niacin, vitamin H, and folic acid.

[0009] Optionally, the raw materials of each 1kg of the round-mouthed copper fish feed include: vitamin A, 10000~13000 IU; vitamin D3, 10000~12000 IU; vitamin E, 0.07~0.1mg; vitamin K3, 20~30mg; vitamin B1, 18~30mg; vitamin B2, 35~55mg; vitamin B6, 20~30mg; vitamin B 12 , 0.07~0.1mg; Vitamin C, 280~320mg; Niacin, 140~180mg; Vitamin H, 0.3~0.5mg; Folic acid, 6~10mg.

[0010] Optionally, the minerals include one or more of calcium D-pantothenate, magnesium, iron, manganese, iodine, copper, zinc, selenium, and cobalt.

[0011] Optionally, the raw materials of each 1 kg of the round-mouth copper fish feed include: D-calcium pantothenate, 80-100 mg; magnesium, 200-240 mg; iron, 140-180 mg; manganese, 25-30 mg; iodine, 4-8 mg; copper, 20-40 mg; zinc, 110-140 mg; selenium, 0.5-1.0 mg; and cobalt, 3.0-5.0 mg.

[0012] Optionally, the round-mouth copper fish feed is suitable for round-mouth copper fish fry, wherein the round-mouth copper fish fry weigh 10-100 g and have a body length of 10-20 cm; and / or the Bacillus powder includes Bacillus coagulans powder.

[0013] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned round-mouth copper fish feed, comprising: 1) preparing the following raw materials in parts by weight: fish meal, soybean meal, chicken meal, flour, fish oil, Antarctic krill oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Bacillus coagulans powder, vitamin C phosphate, methionine, choline chloride, microcrystalline cellulose, vitamins and minerals; wherein the viable count of the Bacillus powder is 2.5×10 9 ~5×10 9 CFU / g; 2) the raw materials are crushed into 150-200 mesh and then mixed; then tempered at 60-80°C for 140-160s to make the mass percentage of water in the system 14%-16%; then granulated to obtain particles with a particle size of 1-1.5mm; then dried to make the mass percentage of water in the particles less than 8%, to obtain the round-mouthed copper fish feed.

[0014] The present invention also provides a method for breeding round-mouthed copper fish fry, comprising: feeding the round-mouthed copper fish fry with the round-mouthed copper fish feed as described above or the round-mouthed copper fish feed obtained according to the preparation method as described above, wherein the round-mouthed copper fish fry weighs 10-100 g and has a body length of 10-20 cm.

[0015] Optionally, the process of feeding the round-mouthed copper fish fry with the round-mouthed copper fish feed as described above or the round-mouthed copper fish feed obtained according to the preparation method as described above comprises: feeding the round-mouthed copper fish fry with the round-mouthed copper fish feed 2 to 3 times a day, with a daily feeding rate of 2% to 3%, and a breeding cycle of more than 1 month.

[0016] The invention provides a round-mouth copper fish feed, a preparation method and an application thereof. A scientific feed formula is designed according to the nutritional demand characteristics of round-mouth copper fish fry, which can better improve the intestinal antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress problems of the round-mouth copper fish fry, improve the intestinal tissue structure, specifically including the villus height, villus width, muscle layer thickness and goblet cell number, etc., and can also effectively improve the intestinal microbial diversity of the round-mouth copper fish fry, reduce the content of harmful bacteria, inhibit the synthesis of pathogenic factors in the intestine, further promote the intestinal health of the round-mouth copper fish fry, avoid the occurrence of intestinal diseases such as enteritis, and be beneficial to the large-scale cultivation and protection of the round-mouth copper fish fry. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0018] Figure 1 A hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) stained section of the intestinal tissue of the round-mouthed copper fish fry fed with the round-mouthed copper fish feed provided in an embodiment of the present invention (red arrow: villus height; green arrow: villus width; blue arrow: muscle layer thickness; red circle: goblet cell);

[0019] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the difference in metabolic pathways of round-mouthed copper fish fry fed with the round-mouthed copper fish feed of Comparative Example 4 and Example 6;

[0020] Figure 3 The composition of the top 20 species in the differential metabolic pathway "ECASYN-PWY" and their contribution to the pathway;

[0021] Figure 4 The figure is a graph showing the percentage of harmful bacteria Plesiomonas (genus) in the top 20 species composition in terms of abundance in Comparative Example 4 (CO) and Example 6 (BC);

[0022] Figure 5 The figure is a graph showing the percentage of harmful bacteria Shigella (Shigella genus) in the top 20 species with the highest abundance in Comparative Example 4 and Example 6. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below. The specific implementation methods listed below are only for describing the principles and features of the present invention. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other implementation methods obtained by ordinary technicians in the field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0024] In the prior art, there is no special artificial compound feed for round-mouth copper fish fry.

[0025] In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the embodiment of the present invention provides a round-mouthed copper fish feed, wherein the raw materials include the following components in parts by weight: 45.0-50.0 parts of fish meal, 13.0-17.0 parts of soybean meal, 10.0-14.0 parts of chicken meal, 10.0-14.0 parts of flour, 2.0-5.0 parts of fish oil, 1.0-2.0 parts of Antarctic krill oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.0-3.0 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.002-0.2 parts of Bacillus powder, 0.1-0.2 parts of vitamin C phosphate (VC phosphate), 0.1-0.3 parts of methionine, 0.3-0.7 parts of choline chloride, 1.0-3.0 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and 1.6-2.4 parts of vitamins and minerals (multivitamins and minerals); wherein the viable count of the above-mentioned Bacillus powder is 2.5×10 9 ~5×109 CFU / g.

[0026] According to the research and analysis of the inventors: the raw material system (formula) of the above-mentioned round-mouth copper fish feed is nutritionally balanced, and the ratio of each component is reasonable, which meets the needs of round-mouth copper fish fry. In the above-mentioned raw material system, Antarctic krill oil, Bacillus coagulans powder and methionine have a synergistic effect. The three can work together to significantly enhance the intestinal antioxidant capacity of round-mouth copper fish fry, improve oxidative stress problems, and improve intestinal tissue structure, such as improving villus height, villus width, muscle layer thickness and goblet cell number, etc., and can also effectively improve the intestinal microbial diversity of round-mouth copper fish fry, reduce the content of harmful bacteria, inhibit the synthesis of pathogenic factors in the intestine, further promote the intestinal health of round-mouth copper fish fry, avoid the occurrence of intestinal diseases such as enteritis, and improve its intestinal health indicators (antioxidant status, tissue structure, overall data of intestinal flora, etc.), which is conducive to the large-scale cultivation and protection of round-mouth copper fish fry. In addition, the raw material system of the above-mentioned round-mouth copper fish feed uses soybean meal and chicken meal to replace part of the fish meal, which effectively reduces the breeding cost required for the cultivation of round-mouth copper fish fry.

[0027] For example, the weight portion of the fish meal can be 45.0, 48.0, 50.0 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of the soybean meal can be 13.0, 15.0, 17.0 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of the chicken meal can be 10.0, 12.0, 14.0 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of the flour can be 10.0, 12.0, 14.0 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of the fish oil can be 2.0, 3.0, 5.0 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of the Antarctic krill oil can be 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of the soybean lecithin can be 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the phosphoric acid can be The weight portion of calcium dihydrogen can be 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of bacillus powder can be 0.002, 0.02, 0.2 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of vitamin C phosphate can be 0.1, 0.15, 0.2 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of methionine can be 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of choline chloride can be 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, the weight portion of microcrystalline cellulose can be 1.0, 1.68, 2.0, 3.0 parts or a range consisting of any two of them, and the weight portion of vitamins and minerals can be 1.6, 2.0, 2.4 parts or a range consisting of any two of them.

[0028] The inventors found in the study that in the above-mentioned raw material system, by controlling the addition amount of Antarctic krill oil, Bacillus powder and methionine to meet the above-mentioned range (for example, the weight parts of the three are 1.5 parts, 0.02 parts and 0.2 parts respectively), the intestinal antioxidant capacity of round-mouth copper fish fry can be significantly promoted, intestinal oxidative stress can be reduced, and intestinal villus height, villus width, muscle layer thickness and the number of goblet cells on the intestinal villi can be increased.

[0029] Preferably, the raw materials include the following components in parts by weight: 47.0-49.0 parts of fish meal, 14.0-16.0 parts of soybean meal, 11.0-13.0 parts of chicken meal, 11.0-13.0 parts of flour, 3.0-4.0 parts of fish oil, 1.3-1.7 parts of Antarctic krill oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.5-2.5 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 0.01-0.03 parts of Bacillus powder, 0.1-0.15 parts of vitamin C phosphate, 0.15-0.25 parts of methionine, 0.4-0.6 parts of choline chloride, 1.5-2.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and 1.5-2.5 parts of vitamins and minerals.

[0030] The fish meal in the above raw materials may include imported fish meal.

[0031] In addition, the vitamins in the above raw materials may include vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , vitamin C, niacin, vitamin H, and folic acid.

[0032] Furthermore, the content of the above vitamins (multi-dimensional) in the round-mouthed copper fish feed of the embodiment of the present invention can meet the following requirements: the raw materials of each 1kg round-mouthed copper fish feed include: vitamin A, 10000~13000 IU, for example, 10000 IU, 12000 IU, 13000 IU or a range consisting of any two thereof; vitamin D3, 10000~12000 IU; IU, for example, 10000IU, 11200IU, 12000IU or a range consisting of any two thereof; vitamin E, 0.07~0.1mg, for example, 0.07, 0.08, 0.1mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; vitamin K3, 20~30mg, for example, 20, 25, 30mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; vitamin B1, 18~30mg, for example, 18, 20, 25, 30mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; vitamin B2, 35~55mg, for example, 35, 36, 55mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; vitamin B6, 20~30mg, for example, 20, 24, 30mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; vitamin B 12, 0.07~0.1mg, for example, 0.07, 0.08, 0.1mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; Vitamin C, 280~320mg, for example, 280, 300, 320mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; Niacin, 140~180mg, for example, 140, 150, 180mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; Vitamin H, 0.3~0.5mg, for example, 0.3, 0.32, 0.5mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; Folic acid, 6~10mg, for example, 6, 6.4, 10mg or a range consisting of any two thereof.

[0033] In addition, the minerals (multiple minerals) in the above raw materials include one or more of D-pantothenate calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, iodine, copper, zinc, selenium, and cobalt.

[0034] Furthermore, the content of the above-mentioned minerals in the round-mouthed copper fish feed of the embodiment of the present invention can meet the following requirements: the raw materials of each 1kg round-mouthed copper fish feed include: D-pantothenate calcium, 80-100 mg, for example, 80, 90, 100 mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; magnesium, 200-240 mg, for example, 200, 220, 240 mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; iron, 140-180 mg, for example, 100-25 ... manganese, 25-30 mg, for example, 25, 26, 26.6, 30 mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; iodine, 4-8 mg, for example, 4, 4.48, 5, 8 mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; copper, 20-40 mg, for example, 20, 21, 30, 40 mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; zinc, 110-140 mg, for example, 110, 112, 120, 140 mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; selenium, 0.5-1.0 mg, for example, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0 mg or a range consisting of any two thereof; cobalt, 3.0-5.0 mg, for example, 3.0, 3.5, 5.0 mg or a range consisting of any two thereof.

[0035] Experiments have confirmed that the round-mouth copper fish feed of the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for round-mouth copper fish fry, and can improve the intestinal antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, villus height, villus width, muscle layer thickness and goblet cell number of round-mouth copper fish fry, and can effectively improve the intestinal microbial diversity of round-mouth copper fish fry, reduce the content of harmful bacteria, inhibit the synthesis of pathogenic factors in the intestine, and promote the intestinal health of round-mouth copper fish fry.

[0036] It is understandable that the weight of the above-mentioned round-mouth copper fish fry is 10~100g, such as 10, 50, 60, 100g or a range consisting of any two thereof, and the body length is 10~20cm, such as 10, 15, 16, 20cm or a range consisting of any two thereof.

[0037] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned Bacillus powder includes Bacillus coagulans powder. Bacillus coagulans powder, Antarctic krill oil and methionine have a synergistic effect. The three can work together to significantly enhance the antioxidant capacity of the intestine of round-mouthed copper fish fry, improve oxidative stress problems, and improve intestinal tissue structure, such as improving villus height, villus width, muscle layer thickness and goblet cell number, etc., and can also effectively improve the intestinal microbial diversity of round-mouthed copper fish fry, reduce the content of harmful bacteria, inhibit the synthesis of pathogenic factors in the intestine, further promote the intestinal health of round-mouthed copper fish fry, avoid the occurrence of intestinal diseases such as enteritis, and improve its intestinal health indicators (antioxidant status, tissue structure, overall data of intestinal flora, etc.), which is conducive to the large-scale cultivation and protection of round-mouthed copper fish fry.

[0038] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned round-mouthed copper fish feed, comprising:

[0039] 1) Prepare the following raw materials according to weight: fish meal, soybean meal, chicken meal, flour, fish oil, Antarctic krill oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Bacillus powder, vitamin C phosphate, methionine, choline chloride, microcrystalline cellulose, vitamins and minerals; the viable count of Bacillus powder is 2.5×10 9 ~5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0040] 2) The raw materials are crushed to 150-200 mesh and then mixed; then tempered at 60-80° C. for 140-160 seconds to make the mass percentage of water in the system 14%-16%; then granulated to obtain particles with a particle size of 1-1.5 mm; then dried to make the mass percentage of water in the particles less than 8%, to obtain round-mouthed copper fish feed.

[0041] The preparation method has a simple process, and the prepared round-mouth copper fish feed can improve the intestinal antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress, villus height, villus width, muscle layer thickness and goblet cell number of round-mouth copper fish fry, and can effectively increase the intestinal microbial diversity of round-mouth copper fish fry, reduce the content of harmful bacteria, inhibit the synthesis of pathogenic factors in the intestine, and promote the intestinal health of round-mouth copper fish fry.

[0042] The embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for breeding juvenile round-mouthed copper fish, comprising: feeding (feeding) juvenile round-mouthed copper fish with the above-mentioned round-mouthed copper fish feed. The breeding method can significantly enhance the antioxidant capacity of the intestine of juvenile round-mouthed copper fish, improve the intestinal tissue structure, increase the diversity of intestinal microorganisms, and reduce the synthesis of toxic and harmful substances, thereby promoting the intestinal health of juvenile round-mouthed copper fish, reducing the occurrence of intestinal diseases during the breeding process of juvenile round-mouthed copper fish, and facilitating the large-scale breeding efficiency of juvenile round-mouthed copper fish.

[0043] It is understandable that the weight of the above-mentioned round-mouth copper fish fry is 10~100g, such as 10, 50, 60, 100g or a range consisting of any two thereof, and the body length is 10~20cm, such as 10, 15, 16, 20cm or a range consisting of any two thereof.

[0044] In a specific implementation, the process of feeding the round-mouthed copper fish fry with the round-mouthed copper fish feed of the embodiment of the present invention comprises: feeding the round-mouthed copper fish feed to the round-mouthed copper fish fry 2-3 times a day, with a daily feeding rate of 2%-3%, and a breeding period of more than 1 month. It is helpful to promote the intestinal health of the round-mouthed copper fish fry. The above-mentioned feeding rate is the mass of the round-mouthed copper fish feed fed to the unit mass of the round-mouthed copper fish fry.

[0045] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] The juvenile round-mouthed copper fish were obtained from the Xiangjiaba Experimental Station of the Chinese Acipenser Research Institute. The imported fish meal in the feed was purchased from TASA, Peru. Soybean meal, chicken meal, flour, fish oil, Antarctic krill oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Bacillus coagulans powder (viable count 2.5×10 9 ~5×10 9 CFU / g), vitamin C phosphate (VC phosphate) were purchased from Wuhan Fengshengbeier Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and other raw materials without specifying the manufacturer were conventional products available in the market.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] A round-mouth copper fish feed, the raw materials of which include the following components in parts by weight:

[0049] Imported fish meal 48.0 parts, soybean meal 15.0 parts, chicken meal 12.0 parts, flour 12.0 parts, fish oil 3.0 parts, Antarctic krill oil 1.0 parts, soybean lecithin 2.0 parts, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0 parts, Bacillus coagulans powder 0.002 parts, VC phosphate 0.1 parts, methionine 0.1 parts, choline chloride 0.5 parts, microcrystalline cellulose 2.298 parts, multivitamin 2.0 parts; the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus coagulans powder is 2.5×10 9 ~5×10 9 CFU / g;

[0050] The multivitamin contents in the feed formula are (IU or mg / kg feed): Vitamin A, 12000 IU; Vitamin D3, 11200 IU; Vitamin E, 0.08; Vitamin K3, 20; Vitamin B1, 18; Vitamin B2, 36; Vitamin B6, 24; Vitamin B 12 , 0.08; Vitamin C, 280; Niacin, 140; Vitamin H, 0.32; Folic acid, 6.4;

[0051] The multi-mineral contents in the feed formula are (mg / kg feed): D-pantothenate calcium, 80; magnesium, 200; iron, 140; manganese, 26.6; iodine, 4.48; copper, 21; zinc, 112; selenium, 0.6; cobalt, 3.5.

[0052] The above round-mouth copper fish feed is prepared according to the following preparation process:

[0053] The above raw materials are prepared according to the above weight portions; the raw materials are crushed into 180 mesh and then mixed; then tempered at 65° C. for 145 seconds to make the mass percentage of water in the system 15%; then granulated to obtain particles with a particle size of 1 mm; then dried to make the mass percentage of water in the particles 6.7%, and round-mouthed copper fish feed is obtained.

[0054] Example 2

[0055] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:

[0056] The weight portion of Bacillus coagulans powder was adjusted to 0.02 parts, and the weight portion of microcrystalline cellulose was adjusted to 2.28 parts; other conditions remained unchanged.

[0057] Example 3

[0058] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:

[0059] The weight portion of Bacillus coagulans powder was adjusted to 0.2 parts, and the weight portion of microcrystalline cellulose was adjusted to 2.1 parts; other conditions remained unchanged.

[0060] Example 4

[0061] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:

[0062] The weight portion of Antarctic krill oil was adjusted to 1.5 parts, the weight portion of Bacillus coagulans powder was adjusted to 0.02 parts, and the weight portion of microcrystalline cellulose was adjusted to 1.78 parts; other conditions remained unchanged.

[0063] Example 5

[0064] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:

[0065] The weight portion of Antarctic krill oil was adjusted to 2.0 parts, the weight portion of Bacillus coagulans powder was adjusted to 0.02 parts, and the weight portion of microcrystalline cellulose was adjusted to 1.28 parts; other conditions remained unchanged.

[0066] Example 6

[0067] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:

[0068] The weight portion of Antarctic krill oil was adjusted to 1.5 parts, the weight portion of Bacillus coagulans powder was adjusted to 0.02 parts, the weight portion of methionine was adjusted to 0.2 parts, and the weight portion of microcrystalline cellulose was adjusted to 1.68 parts; other conditions remained unchanged.

[0069] Example 7

[0070] This embodiment is basically the same as Embodiment 1, except that:

[0071] The weight portion of Antarctic krill oil was adjusted to 1.5 parts, the weight portion of Bacillus coagulans powder was adjusted to 0.02 parts, the weight portion of methionine was adjusted to 0.3 parts, and the weight portion of microcrystalline cellulose was adjusted to 1.58 parts; other conditions remained unchanged.

[0072] Example 8

[0073] A round-mouth copper fish feed, the raw materials of which include the following components in parts by weight:

[0074] 45.0 parts of fish meal, 17.0 parts of soybean meal, 10.0 parts of chicken meal, 14.0 parts of flour, 2.0 parts of fish oil, 2.0 parts of Antarctic krill oil, 1.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 3.0 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.002 parts of Bacillus coagulans powder, 0.1 parts of vitamin C phosphate, 0.3 parts of methionine, 0.7 parts of choline chloride, 2.498 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and 2.4 parts of vitamins and minerals; the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus coagulans powder is 2.5×10 9 ~5×10 9 CFU / g.

[0075] The above round-mouth copper fish feed is prepared according to the following preparation process:

[0076] The above raw materials are prepared according to the above weight portions; the raw materials are crushed into 150 mesh and then mixed; then tempered at 80° C. for 140 seconds to make the mass percentage of water in the system 14%; then granulated to obtain particles with a particle size of 1.5 mm; then dried to make the mass percentage of water in the particles 6.7%, and round-mouthed copper fish feed is obtained.

[0077] Example 9

[0078] A round-mouth copper fish feed, the raw materials of which include the following components in parts by weight:

[0079] 49.0 parts of fish meal, 13.0 parts of soybean meal, 14.0 parts of chicken meal, 10.0 parts of flour, 5.0 parts of fish oil, 1.0 parts of Antarctic krill oil, 3.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.0 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.2 parts of Bacillus powder, 0.2 parts of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1 parts of methionine, 0.3 parts of choline chloride, 1.6 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and 1.6 parts of vitamins and minerals; the number of viable bacteria of Bacillus coagulans powder is 2.5×10 9 ~5×10 9 CFU / g.

[0080] The above round-mouth copper fish feed is prepared according to the following preparation process:

[0081] The above raw materials are prepared according to the above weight portions; the raw materials are crushed to 200 mesh and then mixed; then tempered at 60° C. for 160 seconds to make the mass percentage of water in the system 16%; then granulated to obtain particles with a particle size of 1.3 mm; then dried to make the mass percentage of water in the particles 7.5%, and round-mouthed copper fish feed is obtained.

[0082] Comparative Example 1

[0083] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0084] The weight portion of Antarctic krill oil was adjusted to 0 part, the weight portion of Bacillus coagulans powder was adjusted to 0.02 part, the weight portion of methionine was adjusted to 0.2 part, and the weight portion of microcrystalline cellulose was adjusted to 3.18 parts; other conditions remained unchanged.

[0085] Comparative Example 2

[0086] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0087] The weight portion of Antarctic krill oil was adjusted to 1.5 parts, the weight portion of Bacillus coagulans powder was adjusted to 0 parts, the weight portion of methionine was adjusted to 0.2 parts, and the weight portion of microcrystalline cellulose was adjusted to 1.7 parts; other conditions remained unchanged.

[0088] Comparative Example 3

[0089] This comparative example is basically the same as Example 1, except that:

[0090] The weight portion of Antarctic krill oil was adjusted to 1.5 parts, the weight portion of Bacillus coagulans powder was adjusted to 0.02 parts, the weight portion of methionine was adjusted to 0 parts, and the weight portion of microcrystalline cellulose was adjusted to 1.88 parts; other conditions remained unchanged.

[0091] Comparative Example 4

[0092] The feed provided in this comparative example is a Jiangtuan puffed feed specially used for non-round-mouth copper fish, which is purchased from Tongwei Agricultural Development Co., Ltd. The crude protein content of the feed is ≥44%, and the particle size is 1mm.

[0093] Test example

[0094] Fry round-mouthed copper fish were cultured using the feeds of the above embodiments and comparative examples, and were fed twice a day with a daily feeding rate of 3%. After 8 weeks, samples were taken to detect intestinal antioxidant capacity, intestinal histological analysis, and intestinal microbial diversity was sequenced and analyzed.

[0095] Test results

[0096] Table 1 Antioxidant properties of the intestine of juvenile roundmouth copperfish

[0097]

[0098] In the table: SOD is superoxide dismutase; T-AOC is total antioxidant capacity; ROS is reactive oxygen species; MDA is malondialdehyde.

[0099] The results show that, compared with Comparative Example 4 (commercial feed), feeding the feed prepared according to the raw material system (feed formula) provided in the embodiment of the present invention can improve the intestinal antioxidant capacity of round-mouth copper fish fry; wherein adding 1.5 parts, 0.02 parts and 0.2 parts by weight of Antarctic krill oil, Bacillus powder and methionine to the feed can further enhance the intestinal antioxidant capacity of round-mouth copper fish fry and reduce intestinal oxidative damage, and the effect is best when the above-mentioned Antarctic krill oil, Bacillus powder and methionine are added in combination.

[0100] Table 2 Results of intestinal histological examination of juvenile roundmouth copperfish

[0101]

[0102] Combining Table 2 and Figure 1 Analysis: Compared with Comparative Example 4 (commercial feed), feeding the feed prepared by the raw material system (feed formula) provided in the embodiment of the present invention can improve the intestinal histology of round-mouthed copper fish fry, increase the villus height, villus height, muscle layer thickness and goblet cell number of the round intestinal tract. When the mass fractions of Antarctic krill oil, Bacillus powder and methionine are added to the feed respectively, the improvement effect on the intestinal histology of round-mouthed copper fish fry is greater, and the effect is best when the above-mentioned mass components of Antarctic krill oil, Bacillus powder and methionine are added in combination.

[0103] Figure 2This is a diagram showing the difference in metabolic pathways of juvenile round-mouthed copper fish fed with the round-mouthed copper fish feed of Comparative Example 4 and Example 6. Figure 2 Among them, PWY-7347 is "Sucrose biosynthesis III", SUCSYN-PWY is "Sucrose biosynthesis I", PWY-6731 is "Starch degradation III", METHANOGENESIS-PWY is "Methane production from H2 and CO2", AST-PWY is "L-arginine degradation II (AST pathway)", KDO-NAGLIPASYN-PWY is "(Kdo)2-Super pathway for lipid A biosynthesis", and ECASYN-PWY is the "Biosynthesis of common antigens of Enterobacteriaceae" metabolic pathway, Figure 2 The p value in the middle represents the difference level of metabolic pathway enrichment, p < 0.05 indicates that there is a difference in enrichment, p < 0.01 indicates that there is a significant difference in enrichment, and p < 0.001 indicates that there is a very significant difference in enrichment.

[0104] Figure 3 This is the composition of the top 20 species in the differential metabolic pathway "ECASYN-PWY" and their contribution to the pathway. Figure 3 The middle horizontal axis CO is comparative example 4 (CO_1, CO_2, CO_3 are three parallel groups of comparative example 4), BC is example 6 (BC_1, BC_2, BC_3 are three parallel groups of example 6), among which the top three contributing bacteria are: undassified_Enterobacteriaceae is unclassified Enterobacteriaceae, Plesiomonas is Plesiomonas, and Shigella is Shigella;

[0105] Figure 4 The figure is a graph showing the percentage of harmful bacteria Plesiomonas (genus) in the top 20 species composition in terms of abundance in Comparative Example 4 (CO) and Example 6 (BC);

[0106] Figure 5 The figure is a graph showing the percentage of harmful bacteria Shigella (Shigella genus) in the top 20 species with the highest abundance in Comparative Example 4 and Example 6.

[0107] right Figure 2~Figure 5 From the analysis of the enrichment analysis information of the differential signal pathways of the intestinal microorganisms of the middle round-mouth copper fish fry, it can be seen that compared with Comparative Example 4 (commercial feed), after feeding the feed provided by the embodiment of the present invention with 1.4-1.6 parts, 0.01-0.03 parts and 0.15-0.25 parts by mass of Antarctic krill oil, Bacillus powder and methionine, the abundance of harmful microorganisms in the intestinal microorganisms of the round-mouth copper fish fry and the synthesis of toxic and harmful substances in the intestine were reduced, which further promoted the intestinal health of the round-mouth copper fish fry.

[0108] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A round-mouth copper fish feed, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following components in parts by weight: 45.0-50.0 parts of fish meal, 13.0-17.0 parts of soybean meal, 10.0-14.0 parts of chicken meal, 10.0-14.0 parts of flour, 2.0-5.0 parts of fish oil, 1.0-2.0 parts of Antarctic krill oil, 1.0-3.0 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.0-3.0 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.002-0.2 parts of bacillus powder, 0.1-0.2 parts of vitamin C phosphate, 0.1-0.3 parts of methionine, 0.3-0.7 parts of choline chloride, 1.0-3.0 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and 1.6-2.4 parts of vitamins and minerals; wherein the number of viable bacteria of the bacillus powder is 2.5×10 9 ~5×10 9 CFU / g.

2. The round-mouth copper fish feed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The raw materials include the following components in parts by weight: 47.0-49.0 parts of fish meal, 14.0-16.0 parts of soybean meal, 11.0-13.0 parts of chicken meal, 11.0-13.0 parts of flour, 3.0-4.0 parts of fish oil, 1.3-1.7 parts of Antarctic krill oil, 1.5-2.5 parts of soybean lecithin, 1.5-2.5 parts of calcium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.01-0.03 parts of bacillus powder, 0.1-0.15 parts of vitamin C phosphate, 0.15-0.25 parts of methionine, 0.4-0.6 parts of choline chloride, 1.5-2.5 parts of microcrystalline cellulose, and 1.5-2.5 parts of vitamins and minerals.

3. The round-mouth copper fish feed according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The vitamins include vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E, vitamin K3, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B 12 , vitamin C, niacin, vitamin H, and folic acid.

4. The round-mouth copper fish feed according to claim 3, characterized in that: The raw materials of each 1kg of the round-mouth copper fish feed include: vitamin A, 10000~13000 IU; vitamin D3, 10000~12000 IU; vitamin E, 0.07~0.1mg; vitamin K3, 20~30mg; vitamin B1, 18~30mg; vitamin B2, 35~55mg; vitamin B6, 20~30mg; vitamin B 12 , 0.07~0.1mg; Vitamin C, 280~320mg; Niacin, 140~180mg; Vitamin H, 0.3~0.5mg; Folic acid, 6~10mg.

5. The round-mouth copper fish feed according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The minerals include one or more of D-pantothenate calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, iodine, copper, zinc, selenium, and cobalt.

6. The round-mouth copper fish feed according to claim 5, characterized in that: The raw materials of each 1kg of the round-mouth copper fish feed include: D-calcium pantothenate, 80-100 mg; magnesium, 200-240 mg; iron, 140-180 mg; manganese, 25-30 mg; iodine, 4-8 mg; copper, 20-40 mg; zinc, 110-140 mg; selenium, 0.5-1.0 mg; and cobalt, 3.0-5.0 mg.

7. The round-mouth copper fish feed according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The round-mouthed copper fish feed is suitable for round-mouthed copper fish fry, wherein the round-mouthed copper fish fry has a weight of 10-100 g and a body length of 10-20 cm; And / or, the Bacillus powder comprises Bacillus coagulans powder.

8. A method for preparing round-mouth copper fish feed according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: include: 1) Prepare the following raw materials according to weight: fish meal, soybean meal, chicken meal, flour, fish oil, Antarctic krill oil, soybean lecithin, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, Bacillus coagulans powder, vitamin C phosphate, methionine, choline chloride, microcrystalline cellulose, vitamins and minerals; wherein the viable count of the Bacillus powder is 2.5×10 9 ~5×10 9 CFU / g; 2) The raw materials are crushed to 150-200 mesh and then mixed; then tempered at 60-80° C. for 140-160 seconds to make the mass percentage of water in the system 14%-16%; then granulated to obtain particles with a particle size of 1-1.5 mm; then dried to make the mass percentage of water in the particles less than 8%, thereby obtaining the round-mouthed copper fish feed.

9. A method for breeding juvenile round-mouthed copper fish, characterized in that: include: The round-mouth copper fish feed described in any one of claims 1 to 7 or the round-mouth copper fish feed obtained by the preparation method according to claim 8 is used to feed the round-mouth copper fish fry, wherein the round-mouth copper fish fry weighs 10 to 100 g and has a body length of 10 to 20 cm.

10. The breeding method according to claim 9, characterized in that: The process of feeding the round-mouthed copper fish fry with the round-mouthed copper fish feed according to any one of claims 1 to 7 or the round-mouthed copper fish feed obtained according to the preparation method of claim 8 comprises: The round-mouthed copper fish feed is fed to the round-mouthed copper fish fry 2-3 times a day, the daily feeding rate is 2%-3%, and the breeding cycle is more than 1 month.

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