A composite material with excellent thermal insulation properties

Abstract

This invention provides a composite material with excellent thermal insulation performance, relating to the field of fireproof and thermal insulation structures. It sequentially comprises a fireproof layer, a transition layer, a first protective layer, a first thermal insulation layer, a second thermal insulation layer, and a second protective layer. The fireproof layer uses an intumescent fire-retardant coating, the transition layer uses a primer, the first and second protective layers use titanium foil, the first thermal insulation layer uses aerogel felt, and the second thermal insulation layer uses a phase change material. The phase change material is composed of a phase change raw material and a matrix material. The phase change raw material is microcapsules, and the encapsulation material of the microcapsules is a mixture of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea. The phase change core of the microcapsules is paraffin wax. The matrix material is epoxy resin. This composite material not only possesses excellent fireproof and thermal insulation performance, thinness, light weight, and good long-term stability, but also has advantages such as simple structure, convenient installation, and wide applicability.

Description

[0001] This invention is a divisional application of patent application number 202411150634.5, entitled "An Integrated Fireproof and Heat Insulation Composite Structure". Technical Field

[0002] This invention relates to the field of fireproof and heat-insulating structure technology, and specifically to a composite material with excellent heat insulation performance. Background Technology

[0003] Fireproof and heat-insulating structures are key factors in protecting the safe operation and complete missions of high-speed aircraft (such as missiles). Structures with excellent fireproof and heat-insulating effects can not only prevent damage to the outer surface of the aircraft from the aerodynamic thermal environment (which causes the surface temperature of the aircraft to rise, accompanied by thermal stress and strain, thereby reducing the stiffness, strength and load-bearing capacity of its outer surface), but also prevent high temperatures inside the aircraft cabin caused by heat transfer, thereby ensuring the stability of the internal performance of the aircraft. Traditional thermal insulation structures for aircraft surfaces primarily employ methods such as fiber felt covering and protective coating spraying. However, fiber felt coverings, when exposed to aerodynamic heat for extended periods, suffer from issues including high weight and space occupancy, significant ablation and erosion, poor long-term stability, and inadequate thermal insulation performance. This fails to meet the requirements of missiles and other aircraft operating under aerodynamic heat conditions for extended periods. While sprayed protective coatings can reduce weight and space occupancy to some extent, prolonged exposure to aerodynamic heat can lead to problems such as smoke generation, flaking, cracking, and peeling due to low bonding strength. This results in the protective coating losing its protective function, ultimately exposing the aircraft directly to aerodynamic heat. Therefore, current technologies lack a comprehensive thermal insulation structure that combines thermal insulation and fire resistance, is lightweight, thin, and offers good long-term stability for long-term exposure to aerodynamic heat. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite material with excellent thermal insulation performance. This composite material has the advantages of good thermal insulation and fire resistance, light weight, thin thickness, good long-term stability, and easy installation.

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] A composite material with excellent thermal insulation performance comprises, in sequence, a fireproof layer, a transition layer, a first protective layer, a first thermal insulation layer, a second thermal insulation layer, and a second protective layer; wherein the fireproof layer is an intumescent fireproof coating, the transition layer is a primer, the first and second protective layers are made of titanium foil, the first thermal insulation layer is made of aerogel felt, and the second thermal insulation layer is made of a phase change material.

[0007] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the thickness of the fireproof layer is 0.6–1.0 mm; the intumescent fireproof coating includes a film-forming agent, a flame retardant, and functional fillers, wherein the mass ratio of the film-forming agent, flame retardant, and functional fillers is 2–3:6–10:1–3. The film-forming agent is a high-elasticity polyurethane polymer (wherein, the high-elasticity polyurethane polymer is polymerized from one or two of polycaprolactone diol and polyether diol with aliphatic polyisocyanate HDI); the flame retardant is composed of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and melamine, and their mass ratio is 5–8:4–7:2–4; the functional filler is composed of nano-sized aluminum hydroxide, expanded graphite, and ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres, and their mass ratio is 5–10:2–5:3–8. The particle size of the ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres is 20–50 μm, and their melting point is not lower than 1600℃.

[0008] By combining a flame retardant composed of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and melamine with a film-forming agent, the material expands and carbonizes in a high-temperature environment to form a dense carbonized layer, thereby achieving the purpose of heat insulation and fireproofing. At the same time, the functional filler composed of nano-sized aluminum hydroxide, expanded graphite, and ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres is used. First, the nano-sized aluminum hydroxide is used to suppress the amount of smoke generated during the high-temperature carbonization process and reduce material loss. Second, the strength of the carbonized layer is enhanced by the nano-sized aluminum hydroxide. Third, the expanded graphite and ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres fill the gaps in the expanded carbonized layer, thereby enhancing the heat insulation performance of the carbonized layer.

[0009] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the transition layer adopts an epoxy primer, and the thickness of the transition layer is 40-60μm; the transition layer improves the bonding force between the fireproof layer and the first protective layer.

[0010] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the thickness of the first protective layer (in its flat state) is 0.03–0.1 mm; the first protective layer adopts a metal embossed titanium foil structure, that is, an array of protrusions are set on the surface of the flat titanium foil structure. The shape of the protrusions can be any one of rice grain shape, pearl shape, or teardrop shape; the diameter of the protrusion is 1–2.5 mm, and the height is 0.4–1.0 mm; the distance between two adjacent protrusions is 4–8 mm; the number of protrusions per unit area in the first protective layer is 1.5 x 10^6. 4 ~6x10 4 indivual.

[0011] The protrusions in the first protective layer serve several purposes: first, they enhance the rigidity of the first protective layer through the strain hardening effect generated during the pressing process; second, the distribution of protrusions increases the roughness of the corresponding transition layer, thereby increasing the interfacial bonding between the first protective layer and the fireproof layer; third, the protrusions reduce wrinkles formed during the molding process of the protective layer, thus reducing weak points and preventing damage to the protective layer, improving the overall liquid penetration resistance of the composite material; and fourth, the protrusions provide a buffer gap for the fireproof layer, ensuring that the fireproof layer completes its expansion and carbonization while preventing damage due to expansion. Fifth, the uneven protrusions transform the reflective surface from specular reflection to diffuse reflection in a dot matrix pattern, thereby increasing the heat reflection area and improving reflection efficiency. Sixth, the continuous uneven protrusions work in conjunction with the first insulation layer to form multiple cavity matrices, thereby changing the interlayer flow field and forming micro-air gaps, effectively blocking heat conduction and suppressing heat convection, thus improving the heat insulation effect. Seventh, point contact is achieved between the first protective layer and the first insulation layer, thereby reducing heat conduction between the first protective layer and the first insulation layer, allowing heat to be effectively dissipated within the cavity matrix, further improving the heat insulation effect.

[0012] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the first heat insulation layer adopts basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt, and the thickness of the first heat insulation layer is 2-5mm; wherein, the diameter of the basalt fiber is no greater than 6μm, the mass ratio of basalt fiber to silica aerogel is 1:0.78-1, and the thermal conductivity of basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt at room temperature is 0.017-0.020W / (m•K). Using fine-diameter basalt fibers as reinforcing fibers in nanoporous silica aerogel effectively limits the solid-state heat conduction of the fibers themselves, resulting in a low thermal conductivity for the basalt fiber felt. Simultaneously, the use of short-diameter basalt fibers to form a low-density preform further reduces the bulk density while maintaining the mechanical properties of the fiber-reinforced aerogel composite. Furthermore, the diameter of the fiber preform is close to the near-infrared wavelength, leading to strong diffraction and scattering of near-infrared radiation, thereby further enhancing the high-temperature infrared radiation heat conduction barrier effect. In addition, the addition of basalt fibers effectively solves the problems of high brittleness and easy breakage of pure aerogel. The bulk density of the basalt fiber-reinforced silica aerogel felt is 150–170 kg / m³. 3 The bulk density of the precast bodies formed from basalt fibers is 80–90 kg / m³. 3 The density of silica aerogel is 70–80 kg / m³. 3 .

[0013] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the thickness of the second heat insulation layer is 2-5 mm; the phase change material is composed of a phase change raw material and a matrix material, the phase change raw material is microcapsules, the particle size of the microcapsules is 10-100 μm, wherein the encapsulation material of the microcapsules is a mixture of melamine, formaldehyde and urea (through the combination of urea and a specific formula, the residual formaldehyde content is effectively reduced, and the encapsulation performance of the encapsulation material is not affected), the phase change core of the microcapsules is paraffin; the matrix material is epoxy resin; the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 95-120℃, and the density is 1.0-1.3 g / cm³. 3 The phase transition enthalpy is 220–260 J / g. The mass ratio between the epoxy resin (matrix material) and the microcapsules (phase change raw material) is 1:1–15; the mass ratio between the encapsulation material (i.e., melamine-formaldehyde resin) and paraffin wax is 6:1; and the mass ratio of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea in the encapsulation material is 10:20–30:1–5.

[0014] Based on further optimization of the above scheme, the thickness of the second protective layer is 0.03 to 0.1 mm, and the second protective layer is a flat and smooth titanium foil, which facilitates the installation of the second protective layer.

[0015] The following are the effects of the technical solution of the present invention:

[0016] This invention utilizes the dense heat-insulating layer formed by the thermal expansion and carbonization of the fire-retardant layer of an intumescent fire-retardant coating. This layer effectively blocks flames and isolates heat. The tight and stable bond between the fire-retardant layer, transition layer, and first protective layer not only enhances heat reflection and blocking but also provides an effective buffer for the expanding fire-retardant layer, preventing peeling and cracking due to space constraints during expansion. This improves the overall integrity of the fire-retardant layer, transition layer, first protective layer, and first heat-insulating layer, further enhancing the composite material's heat insulation effect. Subsequently, the cooperation between the first and second protective layers and the first and second heat-insulating layers not only protects the first and second heat-insulating layers, preventing damage and separation during thermal protection, but also achieves effective thermal protection while maintaining the composite material's overall lightweight and thinness, further improving the heat insulation effect. In addition, the composite material provided by this invention not only has excellent fireproof and heat insulation properties, thin thickness, and light weight, but also has the advantages of simple structure, convenient installation, and wide applicability. It can be used for fireproof and heat insulation of hot-end components of various equipment in high-temperature environments of 800℃~1200℃. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall composite material in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first protective layer of the composite material in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Among them, 10 is the fireproof layer; 20 is the transition layer; 30 is the first protective layer; 40 is the first heat insulation layer; 50 is the second heat insulation layer; and 60 is the second protective layer. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the specific embodiments and accompanying drawings. The processes, conditions, experimental methods, etc., for implementing the present invention, except as specifically mentioned below, are all common knowledge and general knowledge in the art, and the present invention does not have any particular limitations; furthermore, the described embodiments are not intended to further limit the present invention.

[0021] Example 1:

[0022] A composite material with excellent thermal insulation properties, such as Figure 1 As shown: it sequentially includes a fireproof layer 10, a transition layer 20, a first protective layer 30, a first heat insulation layer 40, a second heat insulation layer 50, and a second protective layer 60; wherein, the thickness of the fireproof layer 10 is 0.6 mm, the fireproof layer 10 adopts an intumescent fireproof coating, the intumescent fireproof coating includes a film-forming agent, a flame retardant, and a functional filler, wherein the mass ratio between the film-forming agent, the flame retardant, and the functional filler is 2:6:1; the film-forming agent is a high-elasticity polyurethane polymer (wherein, the high-elasticity polyurethane polymer is polymerized from one or two of polycaprolactone diol and polyether diol with aliphatic polyisocyanate HDI); the flame retardant is composed of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and melamine, and the mass ratio between them is 5:4:2; the functional filler is composed of nano-sized aluminum hydroxide, expanded graphite, and ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres (the average particle size of the ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres is 20 μm, and its melting point is not lower than 1600℃), and the mass ratio between them is 5:2:3.

[0023] The transition layer 20 uses an epoxy primer and has a thickness of 40 μm; the transition layer 20 enhances the adhesion between the fireproof layer 10 and the first protective layer 30. The thickness of the first protective layer 30 (in its flat state) is 0.03 mm; the first protective layer 30 employs a metal embossed titanium foil structure, that is, an array of protrusions (such as...) are set on the surface of the flat titanium foil structure. Figure 2 As shown, to ensure the multiple effects of the first protective layer 30, the protrusions face towards the transition layer 20. The protrusions are rice-grain shaped; the diameter of each protrusion is 1 mm and the height is 0.4 mm; the distance between two adjacent protrusions is 4 mm; the number of protrusions per unit area in the first protective layer 30 is 6 x 10n. 4 indivual.

[0024] The first insulation layer 40 is made of basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt, and its thickness is 2 mm. The diameter of the basalt fiber is no greater than 6 μm, the mass ratio of basalt fiber to silica aerogel is 1:0.78, the thermal conductivity of the basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt at room temperature is 0.020 W / (m•K), and the bulk density of the basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt is 159.74 kg / m³. 3 The bulk density of the precast body formed from basalt fibers is 89.74 kg / m³. 3 The density of silica aerogel is 70 kg / m³. 3 The second heat insulation layer 50 has a thickness of 2 mm. The second heat insulation layer 50 uses a phase change material, which is composed of a phase change raw material and a matrix material. The phase change raw material is microcapsules with an average particle size of 30 μm. The encapsulation material of the microcapsules is a mixture of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea, with a mass ratio of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea of ​​10:20:1. The phase change core of the microcapsules is paraffin wax, with a mass ratio of the encapsulation material (melamine-formaldehyde resin) to paraffin wax of 6:1. The matrix material is epoxy resin, with a mass ratio of epoxy resin (matrix material) to microcapsules (phase change raw material) of 1:2. The phase change temperature of the phase change material is 95℃, and its density is 1.0 g / cm³. 3 Phase transition enthalpy 220 J / g.

[0025] The second protective layer 60 has a thickness of 0.03 mm and is a flat and smooth titanium foil, which facilitates the installation of the second protective layer 60.

[0026] Example 2:

[0027] A composite material with excellent thermal insulation properties, such as Figure 1 As shown: it sequentially includes a fireproof layer 10, a transition layer 20, a first protective layer 30, a first heat insulation layer 40, a second heat insulation layer 50, and a second protective layer 60; wherein, the thickness of the fireproof layer 10 is 0.8mm, and the fireproof layer 10 adopts an intumescent fireproof coating, which includes a film-forming agent, a flame retardant, and a functional filler, wherein the mass ratio between the film-forming agent, the flame retardant, and the functional filler is 2.5:8:2; the film-forming agent is a high-elasticity polyurethane polymer (wherein, the high-elasticity polyurethane polymer is polymerized from one or two of polycaprolactone diol and polyether diol with aliphatic polyisocyanate HDI); the flame retardant is composed of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and melamine, and their mass ratio is 6:5:3; the functional filler is composed of nano-sized aluminum hydroxide, expanded graphite, and ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres (the average particle size of the ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres is 35μm, and its melting point is not lower than 1600℃), and their mass ratio is 8:3:5.

[0028] The transition layer 20 uses an epoxy primer and has a thickness of 50 μm; the transition layer 20 enhances the adhesion between the fireproof layer 10 and the first protective layer 30. The thickness of the first protective layer 30 (in its flat state) is 0.06 mm; the first protective layer 30 employs a metal embossed titanium foil structure, that is, an array of protrusions (such as...) are set on the surface of the flat titanium foil structure. Figure 2 As shown, to ensure the multiple effects of the first protective layer 30, the protrusions face towards the transition layer 20. The protrusions are pearl-shaped; their diameter is 1.5 mm and their height is 0.7 mm; the distance between two adjacent protrusions is 6 mm; the number of protrusions per unit area in the first protective layer 30 is 3.5 x 10^6 mm. 4 indivual.

[0029] The first insulation layer 40 is made of basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt, and its thickness is 3 mm. The diameter of the basalt fiber is no greater than 6 μm, the mass ratio of basalt fiber to silica aerogel is 1:0.85, the thermal conductivity of the basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt at room temperature is 0.018 W / (m•K), and the bulk density of the basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt is 163.24 kg / m³. 3 The bulk density of the precast body formed from basalt fibers is 88.24 kg / m³. 3 The density of silica aerogel is 75 kg / m³. 3 The second heat insulation layer 50 has a thickness of 3 mm. The second heat insulation layer 50 uses a phase change material, which is composed of a phase change raw material and a matrix material. The phase change raw material is microcapsules with an average particle size of 60 μm. The encapsulation material of the microcapsules is a mixture of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea, with a mass ratio of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea of ​​10:25:3. The phase change core of the microcapsules is paraffin wax, with a mass ratio of the encapsulation material (melamine-formaldehyde resin) to paraffin wax of 6:1. The matrix material is epoxy resin, with a mass ratio of epoxy resin (matrix material) to microcapsules (phase change raw material) of 1:6. The phase change temperature of the phase change material is 110℃, and its density is 1.2 g / cm³. 3 Phase transition enthalpy 240 J / g.

[0030] The second protective layer 60 has a thickness of 0.06 mm and is a flat and smooth titanium foil, which facilitates the installation of the second protective layer 60.

[0031] Example 3:

[0032] A composite material with excellent thermal insulation properties, such as Figure 1As shown: it sequentially includes a fireproof layer 10, a transition layer 20, a first protective layer 30, a first heat insulation layer 40, a second heat insulation layer 50, and a second protective layer 60; wherein, the thickness of the fireproof layer 10 is 1.0 mm, the fireproof layer 10 adopts an intumescent fireproof coating, the intumescent fireproof coating includes a film-forming agent, a flame retardant, and a functional filler, wherein the mass ratio between the film-forming agent, the flame retardant, and the functional filler is 3:10:3; the film-forming agent is a high-elasticity polyurethane polymer (wherein, the high-elasticity polyurethane polymer is polymerized from one or two of polycaprolactone diol and polyether diol with aliphatic polyisocyanate HDI); the flame retardant is composed of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol, and melamine, and their mass ratio is 8:7:4; the functional filler is composed of nano-sized aluminum hydroxide, expanded graphite, and ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres (the average particle size of the ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres is 50 μm, and its melting point is not lower than 1600℃), and their mass ratio is 10:5:8.

[0033] The transition layer 20 uses an epoxy primer and has a thickness of 60 μm; the transition layer 20 enhances the adhesion between the fireproof layer 10 and the first protective layer 30. The thickness of the first protective layer 30 (in its flat state) is 0.1 mm; the first protective layer 30 employs a metal embossed titanium foil structure, that is, an array of protrusions (such as...) are set on the surface of the flat titanium foil structure. Figure 2 As shown, to ensure the multiple effects of the first protective layer 30, the protrusions face towards the transition layer 20. The protrusions are teardrop-shaped; their diameter is 2.5 mm and their height is 1.0 mm; the distance between two adjacent protrusions is 8 mm; the number of protrusions per unit area in the first protective layer 30 is 1.5 x 10^6. 4 indivual.

[0034] The first insulation layer 40 is made of basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt, and the thickness of the first insulation layer 40 is 5 mm. The diameter of the basalt fiber is no greater than 6 μm, the mass ratio of basalt fiber to silica aerogel is 1:1, the thermal conductivity of the basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt at room temperature is 0.017 W / (m•K), and the bulk density of the basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt is 160 kg / m³. 3 The bulk density of the precast body formed from basalt fiber is 80 kg / m³. 3 The density of silica aerogel is 80 kg / m³. 3The second heat insulation layer 50 has a thickness of 5 mm. The second heat insulation layer 50 uses a phase change material, which is composed of a phase change raw material and a matrix material. The phase change raw material is microcapsules with an average particle size of 80 μm. The encapsulation material of the microcapsules is a mixture of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea, with a mass ratio of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea of ​​10:30:5. The phase change core of the microcapsules is paraffin wax, with a mass ratio of the encapsulation material (melamine-formaldehyde resin) to paraffin wax of 6:1. The matrix material is epoxy resin, with a mass ratio of epoxy resin (matrix material) to microcapsules (phase change raw material) of 1:8. The phase change temperature of the phase change material is 120℃, and its density is 1.3 g / cm³. 3 Phase transition enthalpy is 260 J / g.

[0035] The second protective layer 60 has a thickness of 0.1 mm and is a flat and smooth titanium foil, which facilitates the installation of the second protective layer 60.

[0036] Comparative Example 1:

[0037] A composite material comprises, in sequence, a fireproof layer, a transition layer, a first protective layer, a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer, and a second protective layer, wherein the thickness and material of the fireproof layer, the transition layer, the first heat insulation layer, the second heat insulation layer, and the second protective layer are consistent with those in Example 2; the thickness of the first protective layer is 0.06 mm and the first protective layer is a flat and smooth titanium foil.

[0038] Comparative Example 2:

[0039] A composite material comprises, in sequence, a fireproof layer, a transition layer, a first protective layer, a heat insulation layer A, and a second protective layer. The thickness and materials of the fireproof layer, transition layer, first protective layer, and second protective layer are consistent with those in Example 2. Heat insulation layer A is made of basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt, and its thickness is 6 mm. The diameter of the basalt fiber is no greater than 6 μm, the mass ratio of basalt fiber to silica aerogel is 1:0.85, the thermal conductivity of the basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt at room temperature is 0.018 W / (m•K), and the bulk density of the basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt is 163.24 kg / m³. 3 The bulk density of the precast body formed from basalt fibers is 88.24 kg / m³. 3 The density of silica aerogel is 75 kg / m³. 3 .

[0040] Comparative Example 3:

[0041] A composite material comprises, in sequence, a fireproof layer, a transition layer, a first protective layer, a heat insulation layer B, and a second protective layer. The thickness and materials of the fireproof layer, transition layer, first protective layer, and second protective layer are consistent with those in Example 2. The thickness of the heat insulation layer B is 6 mm. The heat insulation layer B uses a phase change material, which is composed of a phase change raw material and a matrix material. The phase change raw material is microcapsules with an average particle size of 60 μm. The encapsulation material of the microcapsules is a mixture of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea, with a mass ratio of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea of ​​10:25:3. The phase change core of the microcapsules is paraffin wax, with a mass ratio of the encapsulation material (melamine-formaldehyde resin) to paraffin wax of 6:1. The matrix material is epoxy resin, with a mass ratio of epoxy resin (matrix material) to microcapsules (phase change raw material) of 1:6. The phase change temperature of the phase change material is 110°C, and its density is 1.2 g / cm³. 3 Phase transition enthalpy 240 J / g.

[0042] Comparative Example 4:

[0043] A composite material comprises, in sequence, a fireproof layer, a transition layer, a first protective layer, a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer, and a second protective layer. The thickness and materials of the transition layer, the first protective layer, the first heat insulation layer, the second heat insulation layer, and the second protective layer are consistent with those in Example 2. The fireproof layer 10 has a thickness of 0.8 mm and is an intumescent fireproof coating. The intumescent fireproof coating includes a film-forming agent, a flame retardant, and a functional filler, wherein the mass ratio of the film-forming agent, the flame retardant, and the functional filler is 2.5: The film-forming material is a highly elastic polyurethane polymer (which is polymerized from one or two of polycaprolactone diol and polyether diol with aliphatic polyisocyanate HDI); the flame retardant is composed of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine, with a mass ratio of 6:5:3; the functional filler is composed of expanded graphite and ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres (the average particle size of the ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres is 35μm, and their melting point is not lower than 1600℃), with a mass ratio of 3:5.

[0044] The composite material samples prepared in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were fixed on a fixture inside the heating device. Three temperature sensors were evenly distributed on the cold surface of the sample. The cold surface temperature of the corresponding sample was obtained at an ambient temperature of 23°C (all other test conditions were the same) and a hot surface temperature of 800°C. The test time was 300s. The test results are shown in the table below:

[0045]

[0046] As shown in the table above, the combination of the specific fireproof layer, transition layer, first protective layer, first heat insulation layer, second heat insulation layer, and second protective layer of this application, along with the specific material combination of the corresponding structural layers, can effectively improve the fireproof and heat insulation performance of the composite material. Under the action of a hot surface temperature of 800℃ for a long time (i.e., 300s), the average temperature of the cold surface of the composite material prepared by this application is no more than 60℃, which is significantly lower than that of the composite materials prepared in Comparative Examples 1 to 4. At the same time, the temperature difference of each temperature measurement point of the composite material prepared by this application is small, proving that the structure of this application can dissipate heat uniformly and there are no temperature accumulation points. In contrast, the temperature deviation of the temperature measurement points of the composite materials in Comparative Examples 1 to 4 is large, which also indirectly proves that the layer heat insulation effect of this application is good.

Claims

1. A composite material with excellent thermal insulation properties, characterized in that: The system comprises, in sequence, a fireproof layer, a transition layer, a first protective layer, a first heat insulation layer, a second heat insulation layer, and a second protective layer. The fireproof layer uses an intumescent fire-retardant coating, the transition layer uses a primer, the first and second protective layers use titanium foil, the first heat insulation layer uses aerogel felt, and the second heat insulation layer uses a phase change material. The thickness of the first protective layer is 0.03–0.1 mm. The first protective layer employs an embossed titanium foil structure, i.e., an array of raised protrusions on the surface of a flat titanium foil structure. The protrusions can be any of the following shapes: rice grain-shaped, pearl-shaped, or teardrop-shaped. The diameter of the protrusions is 1–2.5 mm, and the height is 0.4–1.0 mm. The distance between two adjacent protrusions is 4–8 mm. The number of protrusions per unit area in the first protective layer is 1.5 x 10n. 4 ~6x10 4 indivual; The thickness of the second insulation layer is 2–5 mm; the phase change material is composed of a phase change raw material and a matrix material. The phase change raw material is microcapsules with a particle size of 10–100 μm. The encapsulation material of the microcapsules is a mixture of melamine, formaldehyde, and urea, and the phase change core of the microcapsules is paraffin wax; the matrix material is epoxy resin; the phase change temperature of the phase change material is 95–120℃, and the density is 1.0–1.3 g / cm³. 3 The phase transition enthalpy is 220–260 J / g; the mass ratio between epoxy resin and microcapsules is 1:1–15; the mass ratio between the encapsulation material of microcapsules and paraffin is 6:1; the mass ratio of melamine, formaldehyde and urea in the encapsulation material is 10:20–30:1–5.

2. The composite material with excellent thermal insulation properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the fireproof layer is 0.6 to 1.0 mm; the intumescent fireproof coating includes a film-forming agent, a flame retardant and a functional filler, wherein the mass ratio of the film-forming agent, the flame retardant and the functional filler is 2 to 3: 6 to 10: 1 to 3.

3. The composite material with excellent thermal insulation performance according to claim 2, characterized in that: The film-forming material is a highly elastic polyurethane polymer; the flame retardant is composed of ammonium polyphosphate, pentaerythritol and melamine, with a mass ratio of 5-8:4-7:2-4; the functional filler is composed of nano-sized aluminum hydroxide, expanded graphite and ultrafine ceramic hollow microspheres, with a mass ratio of 5-10:2-5:3-8.

4. The composite material with excellent thermal insulation properties according to claim 3, characterized in that: The transition layer is made of epoxy primer, and the thickness of the transition layer is 40-60 μm.

5. A composite material with excellent thermal insulation properties according to claim 4, characterized in that: The first insulation layer is made of basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt, and the thickness of the first insulation layer is 2-5 mm; wherein, the diameter of the basalt fiber is no greater than 6 μm, the mass ratio of basalt fiber to silica aerogel is 1:0.78-1, and the thermal conductivity of the basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt at room temperature is 0.017-0.020 W / (m•K).

6. A composite material with excellent thermal insulation properties according to claim 5, characterized in that: The bulk density of the basalt fiber reinforced silica aerogel felt is 150–170 kg / m³. 3 The bulk density of the precast bodies formed from basalt fibers is 80–90 kg / m³. 3 The density of silica aerogel is 70–80 kg / m³. 3 .

7. A composite material with excellent thermal insulation properties according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the second protective layer is 0.03 to 0.1 mm, and the second protective layer is a flat and smooth titanium foil.

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