Biochar-based fertilizer for promoting yield increase of peppers and preparation method of biochar-based fertilizer

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and particularly relates to a biochar-based fertilizer for promoting yield increase of pepper and a preparation method thereof.The biochar-based fertilizer is prepared from, by weight, 700-800 kg of biochar, 100-150 parts of urea, 100-150 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-4 parts of bio-enzyme and 3-5 parts of functional microbial flora; the biological enzyme comprises polypeptidase and protease; the functional microorganism bacteria comprise bacillus subtilis, trichoderma harzianum and penicillium wuelyi. In the pepper planting process, 10%-20% of a conventional chemical fertilizer is replaced with the charcoal-based fertilizer, the plant height, the plant width and the stem height can be remarkably increased, and the pepper yield is increased; experiments show that the functional microbial flora and the biological enzyme in the fertilizer have a synergistic effect, the preparation method is simple, the yield of the pepper is obviously increased, and the fertilizer is suitable for large-scale popularization and application and wide in market prospect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural production, and specifically relates to a biochar-based fertilizer for promoting pepper production and a preparation method thereof. The composite fertilizer formula uses biochar as a carrier and is combined with chemical fertilizers, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes, and is suitable for increasing the yield and improving the quality of pepper cultivation. Background Art

[0002] Pepper is an important vegetable and cash crop. The pursuit of high yield in production has led to improper use of fertilizers and reduced soil water and fertilizer retention capacity. At the same time, pepper itself has problems such as continuous cropping obstacles, which affects its yield and quality improvement, increases planting costs, and restricts the sustainable development of pepper production.

[0003] As a slow-release compound fertilizer, biochar-based fertilizer can slowly release nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil, allowing the soil environment to maintain a high nutrient level for a long time and meet the nutrient needs of crops during the growth period. In addition, biochar-based fertilizer also has a rich pore structure, which can load functional microorganisms, provide a good living environment for soil microorganisms, and recruit more beneficial microorganisms, improve the soil microecological environment, and promote the energy flow and material exchange between plants, microorganisms, and soil. Therefore, the basic characteristics of biochar-based fertilizer are very consistent with the needs of pepper cultivation.

[0004] Chinese patent CN202310224108.8 discloses a special base fertilizer for pepper and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: A. putting pepper straw and tobacco straw into a pyrolysis device for anaerobic pyrolysis, and crushing them after carbonization to obtain biochar; B. centrifuging pig blood to obtain pig blood residue; C. putting the pig blood residue, edible fungus residue and biochar into a mixing device and mixing them to obtain a mixture; D. mixing urea, superphosphate, potassium sulfate and the mixture evenly, adjusting the water content to 30-50%, and then adding fermentation liquid for heap fermentation treatment, and obtaining a base material after the fermentation is complete; E. adding chitosan, chitosan and symbiotic bacteria to the base material, and then putting it into a fertilizer blending equipment to mix, and obtaining a special base fertilizer for pepper after granulation.

[0005] Chinese patent CN202011583703.3 discloses a fertilizer resistant to pepper bacterial wilt and a preparation method thereof. The fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials, measured in mass percentage: 18-30% organic matter, 5-10% biochar, 25-63% inorganic nutrients, 0.01-0.03% antibacterial ingredients, 0.005-0.01% chitosan, 0.005-0.01% Bacillus, and the remainder is filler; the fertilizer combines robustness, resistance induction and biological control. On the one hand, sufficient fertilizer contains various nutritional elements for pepper growth, balances nutrients in the soil, and meets the demand of each production period; on the other hand, it improves the pepper's own resistance to pathogens while reducing the base number of soil pathogens, effectively reducing the incidence of pepper bacterial wilt and alleviating the harm of bacterial wilt to pepper.

[0006] Chinese patent CN201711029744.6 discloses a fertilizer composition for peppers and a method of use, wherein the biochar is sauce-flavored liquor lees charcoal, the urease inhibitor is a polyglutamic acid substance, and the water retaining agent is a highly absorbent resin; the specific application method is: first, the biochar is evenly spread on the soil surface, plowed and mixed with a hoe, and then all fertilizers, urease inhibitors and water retaining agents are mixed and applied evenly at one time.

[0007] Chinese patent CN201610584256.0 discloses a carbon-based slow-release fertilizer for pepper and a preparation method thereof. The carbon-based slow-release fertilizer for pepper is made of the following raw materials, calculated by weight: 25-35 parts of biochar, 45-55 parts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary fertilizer, 2-5 parts of medium and trace fertilizer, 2-3 parts of humic acid, 0.05-0.15 parts of nitrogen enhancer, 5-10 parts of granulation binder, and the rest is water; wherein, in the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary fertilizer, N:P2O5:K2O=18-23:8-13:15-20 is a special compound fertilizer developed on the basis of research on the nutritional characteristics of pepper and combined with a large amount of test data. During use, single-element fertilizer is supplemented according to the local soil fertilizer supply and the required target yield, which can maximize the satisfaction of crop demand for nutrients, balance nutrient supply, improve fertilizer utilization, and effectively reduce nutrient loss caused by unreasonable fertilization.

[0008] So far, there are no reports on the simultaneous use of biochar and bio-enzymes to prepare pepper fertilizer. Summary of the invention

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art and to provide a biochar-based fertilizer for promoting pepper production and a preparation method thereof, wherein biochar is used as a carrier and chemical fertilizers, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes are combined to prepare a compound fertilizer.

[0010] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the present invention provides a biochar-based fertilizer for promoting the increase of pepper yield. The raw materials of the biochar-based fertilizer include, by mass, 700-800 parts of biochar, 100-150 parts of urea, 100-150 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-4 parts of biological enzymes, and 3-5 parts of functional microorganisms; the biological enzymes include peptidase and protease, and the mass ratio of the peptidase and the protease is (1-3): (1-3); the functional microorganisms include Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium ulmbergii, and the mass ratio of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii is (1-2): (2-3): (1-2). In the process of growing peppers, the biochar-based fertilizer of the formula is used to replace 10-20% of the application amount of conventional chemical fertilizers, which can increase the yield of peppers.

[0011] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0012] (1) Biochar pretreatment: The biochar is crushed and sieved to a particle size of 3-5 mm, and then activated at 500-700℃ for 2-3 hours to increase the porosity and activity of the biochar; then cooled to below 25℃;

[0013] (2) Material mixing: according to the formula ratio, the activated biochar, functional microorganisms, biological enzymes, urea and potassium sulfate are put into a mixer and stirred evenly; the mass ratio of the biochar, urea, potassium sulfate, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes is (700-800): (100-150): (100-150): (3-5): (2-4);

[0014] The functional microorganisms include Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii, and the mass ratio of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii is (1-2): (2-3): (1-2);

[0015] The biological enzymes include polypeptide enzymes and proteases, and the mass ratio of polypeptide enzymes to proteases is (1-3): (1-3);

[0016] (3) Granulation: Use a disc granulator or extrusion granulator to granulate the biochar to a particle size of 3-6 mm, which is convenient for fertilization and mechanized operation; the particles are naturally air-dried at room temperature to a moisture content of 10-15wt%, and then sieved to remove unqualified particles to obtain biochar-based fertilizer.

[0017] The steps (2) and (3) of the present invention are both performed at a temperature below 25° C., and the obtained biochar-based fertilizer is stored at a temperature below 25° C.

[0018] The biochar of the present invention is formed by crushing corn stalks and carbonizing them at a high temperature of 400-600° C. under low oxygen conditions.

[0019] The present invention also provides a method for using the biochar-based fertilizer for promoting pepper production, wherein the biochar-based fertilizer is used to replace 10wt%-20wt% of chemical fertilizers, that is, the biochar-based fertilizer is used simultaneously with conventional chemical fertilizers.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention uses biochar as a carrier, combines chemical fertilizers, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes to prepare a new biochar-based fertilizer. In the process of planting peppers, the biochar-based fertilizer of the present invention is used to replace 10-20% of the application amount of conventional chemical fertilizers, which can significantly increase plant height, plant width and main stem height, and improve the yield of peppers. Experiments show that the functional microorganisms and biological enzymes in the fertilizer have a synergistic effect. The preparation method of the present invention is simple, significantly increases the yield of peppers, is suitable for large-scale promotion and use, and has broad market prospects. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present invention is further analyzed in detail by specific examples below.

[0022] Embodiment 1:

[0023] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer for increasing pepper production, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0024] (1) Biochar pretreatment: The biochar was crushed and sieved to a particle size of 3-5 mm, and then activated at 400°C for 3 hours to increase the porosity and activity of the biochar; then naturally cooled to below 25°C;

[0025] (2) Material mixing: according to the formula ratio, the treated biochar, functional microorganisms, biological enzymes, urea, and potassium sulfate are put into a mixer and stirred at 15-25rpm for 30-45 minutes until uniform; the mass ratio of biochar, urea, potassium sulfate, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes is 800:100:100:4:3;

[0026] The functional microorganisms are composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii, and the mass ratio of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii is 1:2:1;

[0027] The biological enzyme is composed of polypeptide enzyme and protease, and the mass ratio of polypeptide enzyme to protease is 1:1;

[0028] The peptide enzyme, protease, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus thaliana and Penicillium ulmbergei used in this example were all provided by Harbin Junlong Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0029] (3) Granulation: Use a disc granulator or extrusion granulator to granulate the biochar to a particle size of 3-6 mm, which is convenient for fertilization and mechanized operation; the particles are naturally air-dried at room temperature to a moisture content of 10-15wt%, and then sieved to remove unqualified particles to obtain biochar-based fertilizer, which is stored below 25°C.

[0030] In this embodiment, steps (2) and (3) are both performed at a temperature below 25°C.

[0031] The biochar of the present invention is formed by crushing corn stalks and carbonizing them at a high temperature of 400-600° C. under low oxygen conditions.

[0032] Embodiment 2:

[0033] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer for increasing pepper production, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0034] (1) Biochar pretreatment: The biochar was crushed and sieved to a particle size of 3-5 mm, and then activated at 500°C for 3 hours to increase the porosity and activity of the biochar; then naturally cooled to below 25°C;

[0035] (2) Material mixing: according to the formula ratio, the treated biochar, functional microorganisms, biological enzymes, urea, and potassium sulfate are put into a mixer and stirred at 25 rpm for 30-45 minutes until uniform; the mass ratio of biochar, urea, potassium sulfate, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes is 800:150:150:5:4;

[0036] The functional microorganisms are composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii, and the mass ratio of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii is 2:2:1;

[0037] The biological enzyme is composed of polypeptide enzyme and protease, and the mass ratio of polypeptide enzyme to protease is 1:3;

[0038] The peptide enzyme, protease, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus thaliana and Penicillium ulmbergei used in this example were all provided by Harbin Junlong Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0039] (3) Granulation: Use a disc granulator or extrusion granulator to granulate the biochar to a particle size of 3-6 mm, which is convenient for fertilization and mechanized operation; the particles are naturally air-dried at room temperature to a moisture content of 10-15wt%, and then sieved to remove unqualified particles to obtain biochar-based fertilizer, which is stored below 25°C.

[0040] In this embodiment, steps (2) and (3) are both performed at a temperature below 25°C.

[0041] Embodiment 3:

[0042] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer for increasing pepper production, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0043] (1) Biochar pretreatment: The biochar was crushed and sieved to a particle size of 3-5 mm, and then activated at 600°C for 3 hours to increase the porosity and activity of the biochar; then naturally cooled to below 25°C;

[0044] (2) Material mixing: according to the formula ratio, the treated biochar, functional microorganisms, biological enzymes, urea, and potassium sulfate are put into a mixer and stirred at 15-25rpm for 30-45 minutes until uniform; the mass ratio of biochar, urea, potassium sulfate, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes is 700:150:100:3:2;

[0045] The functional microorganisms are composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii, and the mass ratio of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii is 1:1:1;

[0046] The biological enzyme is composed of polypeptide enzyme and protease, and the mass ratio of polypeptide enzyme to protease is 1:1;

[0047] The peptide enzyme, protease, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus thaliana and Penicillium ulmbergei used in this example were all provided by Harbin Junlong Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0048] (3) Granulation: Use a disc granulator or extrusion granulator to granulate the biochar to a particle size of 3-6 mm, which is convenient for fertilization and mechanized operation; the particles are naturally air-dried at room temperature to a moisture content of 10-15wt%, and then sieved to remove unqualified particles to obtain biochar-based fertilizer, which is stored below 25°C.

[0049] In this embodiment, steps (2) and (3) are both performed at a temperature below 25°C.

[0050] Embodiment 4:

[0051] This embodiment relates to a method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer for increasing pepper production, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0052] (1) Biochar pretreatment: The biochar was crushed and sieved to a particle size of 3-5 mm, and then activated at 700°C for 3 hours to increase the porosity and activity of the biochar; then naturally cooled to below 25°C;

[0053] (2) Material mixing: according to the formula ratio, the treated biochar, functional microorganisms, biological enzymes, urea, and potassium sulfate are put into a mixer and stirred at 15-25rpm for 30-45 minutes until uniform; the mass ratio of biochar, urea, potassium sulfate, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes is 800:100:150:4:3;

[0054] The functional microorganisms are composed of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii, and the mass ratio of Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii is 1:2:1;

[0055] The biological enzyme is composed of polypeptide enzyme and protease, and the mass ratio of polypeptide enzyme to protease is 1:2;

[0056] The peptide enzyme, protease, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus thaliana and Penicillium ulmbergei used in this example were all provided by Harbin Junlong Industrial Co., Ltd.

[0057] (3) Granulation: Use a disc granulator or extrusion granulator to granulate the biochar to a particle size of 3-6 mm, which is convenient for fertilization and mechanized operation; the particles are naturally air-dried at room temperature to a moisture content of 10-15wt%, and then sieved to remove unqualified particles to obtain biochar-based fertilizer, which is stored below 25°C.

[0058] In this embodiment, steps (2) and (3) are both performed at a temperature below 25°C.

[0059] Embodiment 5:

[0060] This embodiment relates to the application of the biochar-based fertilizer prepared in Example 1.

[0061] Set up 2 comparison ratios:

[0062] The difference between Comparative Example 1 and Example 1 is that: step (2) does not have functional microorganisms, that is, the mass ratio of biochar, urea, potassium sulfate and biological enzyme is 800:100:100:3; the other steps are the same.

[0063] The difference between Comparative Example 2 and Example 1 is that there is no biological enzyme in step (2), that is, the mass ratio of biochar, urea, potassium sulfate and functional microorganisms is 800:100:100:4.

[0064] 1. Experimental design

[0065] 1. Test variety: Pepper (Tianfuhong No. 4)

[0066] 2. Experimental design

[0067] The experimental area is located in Linhe District, Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (location information: longitude 107.4906, latitude: 40.83615). The basic physical and chemical properties of the test soil are organic matter 19.6 g / kg, total phosphorus 2.122 g / kg, total potassium 9.34 g / kg, alkaline nitrogen 54.6 mg / kg, available phosphorus 7.044 mg / kg, available potassium 64.8 mg / kg, and pH 8.64.

[0068] Taking the conventional chemical fertilizers (50kg / mu) used in local pepper cultivation as the control group, a design was made to reduce the amount of conventional chemical fertilizers by 10-20wt%, and then apply them with biochar-based fertilizers of different formulations with the same total amount of fertilizer, in order to screen out a biochar-based fertilizer formula suitable for pepper production.

[0069] The experimental design included 5 treatments and 3 replications.

[0070] Treatment 1: conventional fertilization (50 kg / mu), recorded as M1;

[0071] Treatment 2: conventional fertilization 40 kg / mu + fertilizer of Example 1 10 kg / mu, recorded as M2;

[0072] Treatment 3: conventional fertilization 30 kg / mu + fertilizer of Example 1 20 kg / mu, recorded as M3;

[0073] Treatment 4: conventional fertilizer 40 kg / mu + comparative example 1 fertilizer 10 kg / mu, recorded as M4;

[0074] Treatment 5: conventional fertilizer 40 kg / mu + comparative example 2 fertilizer 10 kg / mu, recorded as M5.

[0075] 3. Determination indicators and methods:

[0076] (1) Plant height: The total length from the base to the highest point of the plant under natural growth conditions.

[0077] (2) Main stem height: The branch with the most branches of the pepper plant is the main stem. The distance from the root neck to the embryonic bud at the top of the main stem is measured with a tape measure to determine the main stem height.

[0078] (3) Plant width: the distance the main stem grows horizontally, that is, the width of the plant when it spreads horizontally;

[0079] (4) Number of red fruits per plant: Count the number of fruits that are completely red from the fruit shoulder to the fruit tip on the main stem and side branches of the plant;

[0080] (5) Weight of red fruit per plant: Use a 1 / 100 electronic scale to weigh the weight of red fruit on the pepper plant;

[0081] (6) Yield: 10 plants were randomly selected in each experimental plot to calculate the red fruit yield of each plant, and the red fruit yield of pepper per mu was converted based on the number of plants planted in the plot.

[0082] (II) Experimental results:

[0083] 1. Effects of different treatments on agronomic traits of pepper

[0084] The plant height, plant width and main stem height of each treatment were measured at the peak fruiting stage of pepper. As shown in Table 1, compared with the control phase M1, the plant height of the M2 treatment increased by 9.5 cm, an increase of 14.50%; the plant width increased by 2.3 cm, an increase of 3.48%; and the main stem height increased by 1.9 cm, an increase of 26.03%.

[0085] Table 1 Effects of different treatments on agronomic traits of pepper

[0086] deal with Plant height (cm) Plant width (cm) Main stem height (cm) M1 65.5a±4.13 66.0a±5.62 7.3a±2.08 M2 75.0a±2.29 68.3a±8.08 9.2a±1.94 M3 67.4a±7.54 62.8a±19.45 7.5a±3.04 M4 69.7a±10.63 67.2a±16.09 7.1a±2.32 M5 67.5a±6.50 67.6a±15.04 7.0a±1.15

[0087] 2. Effects of different treatments on pepper fruit and yield

[0088] The measurement results of the number of red fruits and weight of red fruits per pepper plant are shown in Table 2. Each treatment of applying biochar-based fertilizer can increase the number of red fruits per plant, among which M2 has the largest number of red fruits per plant, which is 40, an increase of 16 compared with the control. By analyzing the data of the weight of red fruits per plant, it was found that the other biochar-based fertilizer treatments except M4 were all improved compared with the control group M1, among which M2 had the highest weight of red fruits per plant, which was 0.61kg, an increase of 0.17kg compared with the control group M1. The reason for this result is that the M4 biochar-based fertilizer formula lacks functional microorganisms, and the cumulative efficiency of crop dry matter is low, thereby reducing the weight of red fruits per plant. According to the per-acre yield of fresh pepper converted by the weight of red fruits per plant, the per-acre yield of M2 reached 3370.28kg, the highest yield among all treatments, an increase of 40.33% over the control group M1.

[0089] Table 2 Effects of different treatments on pepper yield

[0090] deal with Number of red fruits per plant Weight of red fruit per plant (kg) Fresh pepper yield (kg / mu) (calculated by red fruit weight) M1 24b±6 0.44bc±0.15 2401.67 M2 40a±27 0.61a±0.37 3370.28 M3 31ab±6 0.51ab±0.05 2801.94 M4 24b±19 0.35c±0.22 1918.89 M5 28b±2 0.56ab±0.18 3052.50

[0091] In summary, by adding two active substances, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes, into the formula of biochar-based fertilizers, the functions of biochar-based fertilizers can be enriched, which has a promoting effect on activating the soil environment and improving the nutrient circulation efficiency of fertilizers; the experimental results show that in the process of pepper planting, by applying the biochar-based fertilizer of the formula of the present invention, replacing 10wt% of the chemical fertilizer dosage, the yield and quality of peppers can be improved, and the purpose of reducing weight and increasing efficiency can be achieved.

Claims

1. A biochar-based fertilizer for promoting pepper production, characterized in that: The raw materials include, by weight: 700-800 kg of biochar, 100-150 kg of urea, 100-150 kg of potassium sulfate, 2-4 kg of biological enzymes and 3-5 kg ​​of functional microorganisms; the biological enzymes include polypeptide enzymes and proteases; the functional microorganisms are composed of Bacillus subtilis, Trichoderma harzianum and Penicillium ulmbergii.

2. The biochar-based fertilizer for promoting pepper production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergei is (1-2): (2-3): (1-2).

3. The biochar-based fertilizer for promoting pepper production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the polypeptide enzyme to the protease is (1-3): (1-3).

4. The biochar-based fertilizer for promoting pepper production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the biochar, urea, potassium sulfate, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes is 800:100:100:4:

3.

5. A method for preparing a biochar-based fertilizer for increasing pepper production, characterized in that: The specific steps are: (1) Biochar pretreatment: Activate the biochar at 500-700℃ for 2-3 hours to increase the porosity and activity of the biochar; then cool it to below 25℃; (2) Material mixing: Put the activated biochar, functional microorganisms, biological enzymes, urea and potassium sulfate into a mixer and mix them evenly; The functional microorganisms include Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Penicillium ulmbergii; The biological enzymes include polypeptide enzymes and proteases; (3) Granulation: Granulate with a disc granulator or an extrusion granulator and air-dry to obtain biochar-based fertilizer.

6. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer for promoting pepper production according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the biochar, urea, potassium sulfate, functional microorganisms and biological enzymes is (700-800): (100-150): (100-150): (3-5): (2-4).

7. The method for preparing the biochar-based fertilizer for promoting pepper production according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air drying in step (3) is performed by natural air drying at room temperature to a water content of 10-15wt%.

8. The method for using the biochar-based fertilizer for promoting pepper production according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The biochar-based fertilizer is used to replace 10wt%-20wt% of chemical fertilizer and is used simultaneously with chemical fertilizer.