Low-loss inertia flywheel phase modifier shafting structure

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-loss inertia flywheel phase modifier shafting structure which is used for improving the inertia supporting capacity and the dynamic voltage adjusting capacity of a power system and mainly comprises an inertia flywheel, a phase modifier, an electromagnetic bearing, a sliding bearing and other core assemblies. The two ends of the inertia flywheel phase modifier shaft system are supported by electromagnetic bearings, and the inertia flywheel and the phase modifier are supported by sliding bearings. The sliding bearing is close to the gravity center of the whole shafting and bears the gravity load of the main shafting, and the magnetic bearings located at the two ends bear a small part of gravity load and are mainly used for adjusting radial vibration of the shafting. In order to reduce the friction loss between the inertia flywheel and air during operation, a vacuum protective cover is additionally arranged outside the inertia flywheel, so that the flywheel operates in a vacuum system; because the phase modifier system has a relatively strong heat dissipation requirement, the rotor of the phase modifier still runs in the atmosphere. The inertia flywheel rotor and the phase modifier rotor are in dynamic seal, and the inertia flywheel rotor and the phase modifier rotor maintain the vacuum environment of the inertia flywheel together with the vacuum pump.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage devices and power system regulation, and relates to a key technology for combining an inertial flywheel with a synchronous phase regulator. More specifically, it relates to a low-loss inertial flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure for improving the inertial support capacity and dynamic voltage regulation capacity of a power system, and is particularly suitable for the demand for high efficiency and reliability of energy storage devices in scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy access. Background Art

[0002] With the transformation of the global energy structure and the increasing proportion of renewable energy, physical energy storage technologies such as compressed air energy storage and flywheel energy storage have developed rapidly due to their advantages of high power density, long cycle life, and environmental friendliness. They have become an important means to promote the large-scale grid connection of intermittent renewable energy such as wind power and photovoltaics, and are of great significance for improving the consumption level of renewable energy such as wind and light, and promoting carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals. At the same time, synchronous condensers have received extensive attention at home and abroad in recent years due to their unique advantages in improving system dynamic voltage support, improving voltage regulation capabilities, and providing rotational inertia.

[0003] Synchronous condensers are rotating motors specially used for reactive power compensation and voltage regulation. They have characteristics similar to conventional synchronous generators. They mainly absorb or output reactive power of the system by adjusting the excitation current, thereby improving the voltage regulation capability of the system. In addition, the rotational inertia of the condenser itself can also provide inertial support for the power grid, alleviating the problem of insufficient inertia caused by the access of renewable energy. However, the existing synchronous condensers usually have less than half the rotational inertia of conventional generator sets, and their inertial support capacity for the power system is relatively insufficient, making it difficult to meet the needs of high-proportion renewable energy grid access.

[0004] In recent years, combining high-inertia flywheels with synchronous condensers and increasing the inertial support capacity of the overall system by increasing the rotational inertia of the flywheel has become an important technical solution to solve this problem. At present, the research on inertial flywheel condensers is still in the exploratory stage. Usually, a large-inertia flywheel is directly connected to one end of the rotor of a conventional condenser to increase the rotational inertia of the overall shaft system. However, in actual engineering applications, this solution still has many limitations and technical difficulties, which are mainly reflected in the following aspects: First, there is friction wind loss between the inertial flywheel and the air when the system is running. Friction wind loss is one of the important sources of energy consumption in flywheel energy storage devices, especially in large-capacity and high-speed application scenarios. Its energy consumption ratio is more prominent. This wind loss effect not only reduces the overall energy conversion efficiency of the system, but also puts higher requirements on the heat dissipation design of the flywheel. Second, the presence of the inertial flywheel will increase the bearing load and power consumption, and reduce the bearing life. At the same time, due to the increase in the rotational inertia of the flywheel, the dynamic response characteristics and operating stability of the system may also be adversely affected. In addition, the existing inertial flywheel condenser system has obvious deficiencies in the shaft system structure design. Inertia flywheels and condensers are prone to degradation of the dynamic performance of the shaft system due to uneven weight distribution, vibration of rotating parts, and eccentricity. For example, during high-speed rotation, the vibration and imbalance of the shaft system will cause a large additional load, which not only reduces the stability of the system, but may also damage bearings and other key components.

[0005] In summary, the existing inertia flywheel phase condenser solutions have obvious deficiencies in energy loss control, bearing life guarantee, system reliability, etc. These problems not only limit the application potential of inertia flywheel phase condenser systems in the fields of power energy storage and dynamic voltage support, but also pose severe challenges to the operating efficiency and reliability of the equipment. Therefore, how to design a low-loss, long-life, and highly reliable inertia flywheel phase condenser shaft system structure is a technical problem that needs to be solved in the field of power energy storage and dynamic support of power grids. Summary of the invention

[0006] 1. Purpose of the invention The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a low-loss inertia flywheel phase-shifting phase shaft system structure in view of the defects and deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art. The system significantly reduces the wind loss caused by the friction between the inertia flywheel and the air by placing the inertia flywheel in a vacuum environment and combining the vacuum chamber and the dynamic seal. The system adopts the electromagnetic bearing support method, adopts electromagnetic bearing support at both ends of the shaft system, and sets a sliding bearing at the center of gravity of the shaft system to share the gravity load, thereby reducing the bearing power consumption and improving the efficiency of the whole machine and the bearing life. By configuring an emergency protection bearing at the phase-shifting phase end, the operating reliability of the system under abnormal working conditions is improved. By optimizing the coupling structure of the inertia flywheel and the phase-shifting phase shaft system, the vibration of the shaft system is suppressed, and higher rotation stability and overall system efficiency are achieved. The organic combination of the inertia flywheel energy storage and the phase-shifting phase regulation function is realized, providing the power system with efficient inertial support and dynamic voltage regulation capabilities, meeting the needs of a high proportion of renewable energy access to the power grid.

[0007] (II) Technical solution In order to achieve the purpose of the invention and solve the technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions: A low-loss inertia flywheel phase condenser shaft system structure is used to improve the inertial support capacity and dynamic voltage regulation capacity of the power system, and is particularly suitable for the demand for the operation efficiency and reliability of energy storage devices in scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy access. It includes at least a coaxially arranged inertia flywheel unit and a synchronous phase condenser unit. Specifically: --The inertia flywheel unit at least comprises a vacuum chamber and a first electromagnetic bearing part, an inertia flywheel and a dynamic sealing component arranged in the vacuum chamber, wherein: the first electromagnetic bearing part is arranged on the axial upstream side of the inertia flywheel and arranged on the upstream end of the shaft system in the axial direction, and is used to provide radial support force for the inertia flywheel and suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system; the axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotor component of the synchronous phase condenser unit; the dynamic sealing component is arranged at the shaft outlet end of the vacuum chamber and arranged on the axial downstream side of the inertia flywheel, and is used to achieve isolation of the vacuum chamber from the external environment; The synchronous condenser unit comprises at least a sliding bearing, a condenser body, a second electromagnetic bearing and an emergency protection bearing, wherein: The phase condenser body includes a phase condenser stator and a phase condenser rotor, the upstream end of the phase condenser rotor extends into the shaft outlet end of the vacuum chamber, and is coaxially fixedly connected with the axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel, and the dynamic sealing component is arranged between the upstream end of the phase condenser rotor and the shaft outlet end of the vacuum chamber; the sliding bearing part is arranged on the phase condenser rotor between the vacuum chamber and the phase condenser body, and is axially arranged near the dynamic sealing component and arranged close to the center of gravity of the shaft system, for bearing the main gravity load of the shaft system; the second electromagnetic bearing part is arranged at the downstream end of the phase condenser rotor, and is axially arranged at the downstream end of the shaft system, for providing radial support force for the phase condenser rotor and cooperating with the first electromagnetic bearing part to jointly suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system; the emergency protection bearing part is arranged at the downstream end of the phase condenser rotor and is arranged close to the second electromagnetic bearing part, for providing additional support when the second electromagnetic bearing part fails.

[0008] (III) Technical Effect Compared with the prior art, the low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure of the present invention has the following beneficial and significant technical effects: (1) The present invention effectively isolates the inertia flywheel from the air by placing it in a vacuum environment for operation, thereby significantly reducing the windage loss when the inertia flywheel rotates at high speed. The dynamic sealing components and high-efficiency sealing technology arranged in the vacuum chamber ensure the stability of the vacuum environment, thereby greatly reducing the operating energy consumption of the system and improving the energy conversion efficiency. In traditional inertia flywheel energy storage systems, windage loss is one of the main sources of system energy loss, especially when the flywheel speed is high. The present invention effectively solves this problem by creating a vacuum environment, greatly improving the efficiency of the flywheel energy storage system, reducing energy loss, and extending the operating time of the system.

[0009] (2) The present invention adopts a shaft support scheme that combines electromagnetic bearings and sliding bearings, which effectively suppresses the vibration and lateral deviation of the shaft, reduces the power consumption and wear of the bearings, and improves the operating stability of the system. The electromagnetic bearing uses electromagnetic force to achieve non-contact support, eliminates mechanical friction, thereby reducing the power consumption and wear of the bearings, extending the service life of the bearings, and reducing maintenance costs. The sliding bearing is set near the center of gravity of the shaft, mainly bearing the gravity load of the shaft, and is used in conjunction with the electromagnetic bearing to jointly suppress the radial vibration of the shaft, further improving the stability and reliability of the shaft operation.

[0010] (3) The present invention further improves the reliability of the system by providing an emergency protection bearing. In the event of electromagnetic bearing failure, the emergency protection bearing can provide additional support to prevent the rotor from colliding with the stator, avoid equipment damage, and ensure the safe operation of the system. This design of multiple protection mechanisms effectively improves the reliability and safety of the inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure, enabling it to better adapt to various complex operating conditions.

[0011] (4) The low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure provided by the present invention can effectively improve the inertial support capacity and dynamic voltage regulation capacity of the power system, and is particularly suitable for the demand for the operating efficiency and reliability of energy storage devices in scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy access. By improving the efficiency and reliability of energy storage devices, it is possible to better cope with the volatility and intermittency of renewable energy generation, improve the stability and safety of the power system, and promote the larger-scale application of renewable energy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0012] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0013] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the shaft system structure of the low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator of the present invention; Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the center of gravity distribution of the shaft system structure of the low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator of the present invention; Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the inertia flywheel in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0014] Description of reference numerals: 10-inertia flywheel unit, 11-first electromagnetic bearing part, 12-inertia flywheel, 121-dynamic balancing groove, 13-vacuum chamber, 14-dynamic sealing component, 20-synchronous phase shifter unit, 21-phase shifter body, 22-phase shifter rotor, 23-sliding bearing part, 24-second electromagnetic bearing part, 25-emergency protection bearing part. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0015] The present invention aims to provide a low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure, which is used to realize the organic combination of inertia flywheel energy storage and phase regulator regulation function, improve the inertial support capacity and dynamic voltage regulation capacity of the power system, and is particularly suitable for the demand for operating efficiency and reliability of energy storage devices in scenarios with a high proportion of renewable energy access. In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the implementation of the present invention clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention will be described in more detail below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiment of the present invention. The described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and the described embodiments are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0016] As a specific example, Figure 1 As shown, the low-loss inertia flywheel condenser shaft system structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention includes an inertia flywheel unit 10, a synchronous condenser unit 20 and an auxiliary system, wherein the inertia flywheel unit 10 and the synchronous condenser unit 20 are coaxially arranged. The inertia flywheel unit 10 mainly includes a first electromagnetic bearing part 11, an inertia flywheel 12, a vacuum chamber 13, a dynamic sealing component 14, etc.; the synchronous condenser unit 20 mainly includes a sliding bearing part 23, a condenser body 21, a second electromagnetic bearing part 24, an emergency protection bearing part 25, etc.; the auxiliary system includes a vacuum pump device of the inertia flywheel vacuum chamber, an electromagnetic bearing control device and a sliding bearing lubrication device.

[0017] In the embodiment of the present invention, the first electromagnetic bearing part 11, the inertia flywheel 12 and the dynamic sealing component 14 in the inertia flywheel unit 10 are all arranged in the vacuum chamber 13, wherein the first electromagnetic bearing part 11 is arranged on the axial upstream side of the inertia flywheel 12 and is arranged axially at the upstream end of the shaft system, so as to provide radial support force for the inertia flywheel 12 and suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system; the axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel 12 is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotor component of the synchronous phase condenser unit 20; the dynamic sealing component 14 is arranged at the shaft outlet end of the vacuum chamber 13 and is arranged on the axial downstream side of the inertia flywheel 12, so as to realize the isolation of the vacuum chamber 13 from the external environment.

[0018] In the embodiment of the present invention, the condenser body 21 in the synchronous condenser unit 20 includes a condenser stator and a condenser rotor 22. The upstream end of the condenser rotor 22 extends into the shaft outlet end of the vacuum chamber 13 and is coaxially fixedly connected to the axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel 12. A dynamic sealing component 14 is arranged between the upstream end of the condenser rotor 22 and the shaft outlet end of the vacuum chamber 13; the sliding bearing part 23 is arranged on the condenser rotor 22 between the vacuum chamber 13 and the condenser body 21, and is arranged near the dynamic sealing component 14 in the axial direction and close to the center of gravity of the shaft system, so as to bear the main gravity load of the shaft system; the second electromagnetic bearing part 24 is arranged at the downstream end of the condenser rotor 22 and is arranged at the downstream end of the shaft system in the axial direction, so as to provide radial support force for the condenser rotor 22 and cooperate with the first electromagnetic bearing part 11 to jointly suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system; the emergency protection bearing part 25 is arranged at the downstream end of the condenser rotor 22 and is arranged near the second electromagnetic bearing part 24, so as to provide additional support when the second electromagnetic bearing part 24 fails.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present invention, the auxiliary system includes at least a vacuum pump device, an electromagnetic bearing control device and a sliding bearing lubrication device, wherein: the vacuum pump device is connected to the vacuum chamber through a pipeline, and the air in the vacuum chamber is continuously extracted by the vacuum pump to maintain the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber; the electromagnetic bearing control device is electrically connected to the first electromagnetic bearing part and the second electromagnetic bearing part, respectively, and is used to monitor and adjust the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic bearing in real time to achieve active control of the radial vibration of the shaft system; the sliding bearing lubrication device is connected to the sliding bearing part, and is used to provide lubrication and cooling for the sliding bearing.

[0020] In the embodiment of the present invention, the rotor composed of the inertia flywheel 12 and the phase regulator 20 is mainly supported by the first electromagnetic bearing part 11, the second electromagnetic bearing part 24 and the sliding bearing part 23. The gravity load of the shaft system is mainly borne by the sliding bearing part 23. The first electromagnetic bearing part 11 and the second electromagnetic bearing part 24 are mainly used to suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system. An emergency protection bearing part 25 is provided on the outer side of the second electromagnetic bearing part 24 at the right end of the phase regulator. The protection bearing is a sliding bearing, which is cooled by lubricating oil and is used to provide additional support when the second electromagnetic bearing part 24 fails.

[0021] Figure 2 The figure shows the center of gravity distribution diagram of the low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, the red dot represents the center of gravity of the entire shaft system. The center of gravity is close to the sliding bearing part 23, which enables the sliding bearing part 23 to effectively bear the main gravity load, reduces the burden of the electromagnetic bearing, and enables the first electromagnetic bearing part 11 and the second electromagnetic bearing part 24 to mainly suppress radial vibration, thereby improving the overall efficiency and service life of the bearing system and enhancing the stability of the system.

[0022] As a preferred example, the dynamic sealing component 14 can select one of the carbon ring sealing structure and the labyrinth sealing structure, or a combination of the carbon ring sealing structure and the labyrinth sealing structure, wherein the carbon ring sealing structure and the labyrinth sealing structure are arranged in series, the carbon ring sealing structure is located on the vacuum chamber side, and is used to improve the wear resistance of the sealing structure; the labyrinth sealing structure is located on the atmospheric environment side, and is used to reduce gas leakage during high-speed rotation. The sealing effect of the vacuum chamber is improved through double sealing, and through the synergistic effect with the vacuum pump device, the high vacuum environment in the vacuum chamber can be maintained stably for a long time.

[0023] As a preferred example, a plurality of dynamic balancing grooves 121 are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral edge of the inertia flywheel 12, such as Figure 3 As shown, the depth and width of the dynamic balancing groove 121 are adjustable, and are used to achieve dynamic balance of the shaft system by adding or reducing counterweights, and a wear-resistant coating is provided on the surface of the inertia flywheel. The wear-resistant coating is made of a high-strength composite material, and is used to improve the surface wear resistance of the inertia flywheel during long-term high-speed rotation, and to reduce surface loss caused by friction or gas scouring.

[0024] As a preferred example, the emergency protection bearing part 25 can adopt a sliding bearing or a rolling bearing structure. When a rolling bearing is selected, a double-row angular contact ball bearing is adopted, and the radial clearance between the double-row angular contact ball bearing and the rotor is controlled within the range of 0.15-0.25mm; when a sliding bearing is selected, a split-petal structure is adopted, and the radial clearance is controlled within the range of 0.2-0.3mm; and when a sliding bearing is adopted, it is cooled by the lubricating oil provided by the sliding bearing lubrication device; when a rolling bearing is adopted, it adopts a sealed structure and is filled with high-temperature resistant grease, and an elastic damping structure is arranged between the outer ring of the bearing and the bearing seat.

[0025] Further preferably, the emergency protection bearing unit 25 includes a sliding bearing and a rolling bearing. The sliding bearing is in standby state under normal operation. Only when the second electromagnetic bearing unit fails or cannot operate normally, the sliding bearing and the rolling bearing will be enabled to jointly bear the radial load of the rotor, thereby ensuring that the system can maintain stable operation in the event of electromagnetic bearing failure.

[0026] As a preferred example, the first electromagnetic bearing unit 11 and the second electromagnetic bearing unit 24 are dynamically adjusted by an electromagnetic bearing control device. The electromagnetic bearing control device includes a vibration sensor, a temperature sensor and a control processing module, which is used to monitor the radial vibration state and temperature changes of the shaft system in real time, automatically adjust the supporting force and current output of the electromagnetic bearing, eliminate the lateral vibration of the shaft system, maintain the stability of the system operation and prevent overload or overheating.

[0027] Further preferably, the first electromagnetic bearing unit 11 and the second electromagnetic bearing unit 24 both include radial electromagnetic bearings and axial electromagnetic bearings, which are used to respectively control the radial displacement and axial displacement of the shaft system to improve the stability of the shaft system operation; and the first electromagnetic bearing unit and the second electromagnetic bearing unit both adopt an 8-pole structure design, and the radial air gap is controlled within the range of 0.5-0.8mm, the winding adopts H-level insulation grade, and the electromagnetic bearing control algorithm adopts a combination of PID and fuzzy control, and the response time is less than 5ms.

[0028] As a preferred example, the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber 13 is maintained in the range of 0.1-1Pa. The vacuum chamber adopts a double-layer structure design, the inner layer is used to maintain the vacuum environment, and the outer layer is used to provide mechanical strength. Insulating material is arranged between the two layers to reduce heat transfer, and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber is made of high temperature resistant and wear-resistant material to extend the service life of the vacuum chamber and ensure stability in long-term operation.

[0029] As a preferred example, the coaxial fixed connection between the inertia flywheel 12 and the phase condenser rotor 22 adopts a high-strength coupling, which includes a flexible connection part and a fastening connection part. The flexible connection part is used to absorb the tiny torsional vibrations between the inertia flywheel and the phase condenser rotor caused by the difference in running speed, and the fastening connection part is used to ensure the rigid connection between the two, thereby realizing efficient and stable power transmission.

[0030] The low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure provided by the embodiment of the present invention has the following working principle when in operation: when the system is put into operation, the air in the vacuum chamber 13 is extracted by a vacuum pump, and the dynamic sealing component 14 uses a carbon ring seal to isolate the vacuum chamber 13 from the external environment, ensuring the stable operation of the flywheel rotor in a low-pressure environment. The system places the inertia flywheel 12 in a vacuum environment, reduces the friction loss between the flywheel and the air, and reduces the inertia flywheel wind loss. The system uses electromagnetic bearing support to reduce bearing power consumption and improve overall machine efficiency.

[0031] In the synchronous condenser unit 20, the condenser rotor 22 is supported by a sliding bearing 23, which is located near the center of gravity of the shaft system and bears the main gravity load. The lubrication system of the sliding bearing ensures good lubrication and cooling during high-speed operation, thereby improving the service life of the bearing and the reliability of the system. The second electromagnetic bearing 24 is located at the downstream end of the condenser rotor 22, responsible for providing radial support for the rotor, and cooperates with the first electromagnetic bearing 11 to jointly suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system and ensure the stability of the system during operation.

[0032] During the operation of the system, the electromagnetic bearing control device will monitor the radial vibration and temperature changes of the shaft system in real time, and automatically adjust the support force and current output of the electromagnetic bearing according to the feedback information, further optimizing the stability of the system and preventing overload or overheating. The emergency protection bearing part 25 is located on the outside of the second electromagnetic bearing part 24. When the electromagnetic bearing fails, the emergency protection bearing will provide additional support to ensure that the system continues to operate stably and prevent system shutdown caused by electromagnetic bearing failure.

[0033] Through the above embodiments, the purpose of the present invention is fully and effectively achieved. Those skilled in the art can understand that the present invention includes but is not limited to the contents described in the drawings and the above specific embodiments. Although the present invention has been described with respect to the most practical and preferred embodiments currently considered, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the disclosed embodiments, and any modification that does not deviate from the functional and structural principles of the present invention will be included in the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A low-loss inertia flywheel phase condenser shaft system structure, comprising at least a coaxially arranged inertia flywheel unit and a synchronous phase condenser unit, characterized in that: --The inertia flywheel unit at least comprises a vacuum chamber and a first electromagnetic bearing part, an inertia flywheel and a dynamic sealing component arranged in the vacuum chamber, wherein: the first electromagnetic bearing part is arranged on the axial upstream side of the inertia flywheel and arranged on the upstream end of the shaft system in the axial direction, and is used to provide radial support force for the inertia flywheel and suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system; the axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel is coaxially fixedly connected to the rotor component of the synchronous phase condenser unit; the dynamic sealing component is arranged at the shaft outlet end of the vacuum chamber and arranged on the axial downstream side of the inertia flywheel, and is used to achieve isolation of the vacuum chamber from the external environment; The synchronous condenser unit comprises at least a sliding bearing, a condenser body, a second electromagnetic bearing and an emergency protection bearing, wherein: The phase condenser body includes a phase condenser stator and a phase condenser rotor, the upstream end of the phase condenser rotor extends into the shaft outlet end of the vacuum chamber, and is coaxially fixedly connected with the axial downstream end face of the inertia flywheel, and the dynamic sealing component is arranged between the upstream end of the phase condenser rotor and the shaft outlet end of the vacuum chamber; the sliding bearing part is arranged on the phase condenser rotor between the vacuum chamber and the phase condenser body, and is arranged axially near the dynamic sealing component and close to the center of gravity of the shaft system, so as to bear the main gravity load of the shaft system; the second electromagnetic bearing part is arranged at the downstream end of the phase condenser rotor, and is arranged axially at the downstream end of the shaft system, so as to provide radial support force for the phase condenser rotor and cooperate with the first electromagnetic bearing part to jointly suppress the lateral vibration of the shaft system; the emergency protection bearing part is arranged at the downstream end of the phase condenser rotor and is arranged adjacent to the second electromagnetic bearing part, so as to provide additional support when the second electromagnetic bearing part fails.

2. A low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes an auxiliary system, which includes at least a vacuum pump device, an electromagnetic bearing control device and a sliding bearing lubrication device, wherein the vacuum pump device is connected to the vacuum chamber through a pipeline, and the air in the vacuum chamber is continuously extracted by the vacuum pump to maintain the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber; the electromagnetic bearing control device is electrically connected to the first electromagnetic bearing part and the second electromagnetic bearing part respectively, and is used to monitor and adjust the electromagnetic force of the electromagnetic bearing in real time to achieve active control of the radial vibration of the shaft system; the sliding bearing lubrication device is connected to the sliding bearing part, and is used to provide lubrication and cooling for the sliding bearing.

3. A low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The dynamic sealing component adopts one of a carbon ring sealing structure and a labyrinth sealing structure, or adopts a combination of a carbon ring sealing structure and a labyrinth sealing structure, wherein the carbon ring sealing structure and the labyrinth sealing structure are arranged in series, the carbon ring sealing structure is located on the vacuum chamber side to improve the wear resistance of the sealing structure, and the labyrinth sealing structure is located on the atmospheric environment side to reduce gas leakage during high-speed rotation.

4. The low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of dynamic balancing grooves are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction on the outer peripheral edge of the inertia flywheel, and the depth and width of the dynamic balancing grooves are adjustable, so as to realize the dynamic balance of the shaft system by adding or reducing counterweight blocks, and a wear-resistant coating is arranged on the surface of the inertia flywheel, and the wear-resistant coating is made of a high-strength composite material.

5. The low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency protection bearing part adopts a sliding bearing or a rolling bearing structure. When a rolling bearing is selected, a double-row angular contact ball bearing is adopted, and the radial clearance between the double-row angular contact ball bearing and the rotor is controlled within the range of 0.15-0.25mm; when a sliding bearing is selected, a split-petal structure is adopted, and the radial clearance is controlled within the range of 0.2-0.3mm; and when a sliding bearing is adopted, it is cooled by the lubricating oil provided by the sliding bearing lubrication device; when a rolling bearing is adopted, it adopts a sealed structure and is filled with high-temperature resistant grease, and an elastic damping structure is arranged between the outer ring of the bearing and the bearing seat.

6. The low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The emergency protection bearing unit includes a sliding bearing and a rolling bearing. The sliding bearing is in a standby state under normal operating conditions. When the second electromagnetic bearing unit fails or cannot operate normally, the sliding bearing and the rolling bearing are enabled to jointly bear the radial load of the rotor to ensure that the system can still maintain stable operation when the electromagnetic bearing fails.

7. The low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first electromagnetic bearing part and the second electromagnetic bearing part are dynamically adjusted by an electromagnetic bearing control device. The electromagnetic bearing control device includes a vibration sensor, a temperature sensor and a control processing module, which is used to monitor the radial vibration state and temperature changes of the shaft system in real time, automatically adjust the supporting force and current output of the electromagnetic bearing, and eliminate the lateral vibration of the shaft system.

8. The low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first electromagnetic bearing part and the second electromagnetic bearing part both include radial electromagnetic bearings and axial electromagnetic bearings, which are used to control the radial displacement and axial displacement of the shaft system respectively; and the first electromagnetic bearing part and the second electromagnetic bearing part both adopt an 8-pole structure design, and the radial air gap is controlled within the range of 0.5-0.8mm, the winding adopts H-level insulation grade, and the electromagnetic bearing control algorithm adopts a combination of PID and fuzzy control, and the response time is less than 5ms.

9. The low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber is maintained in the range of 0.1-1Pa. The vacuum chamber adopts a double-layer structure design, the inner layer is used to maintain the vacuum environment, and the outer layer is used to provide mechanical strength. Insulating material is arranged between the two layers, and the inner wall of the vacuum chamber is made of high temperature resistant and wear-resistant material.

10. The low-loss inertia flywheel phase regulator shaft system structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coaxial fixed connection between the inertia flywheel and the phase condenser rotor adopts a high-strength coupling, and the high-strength coupling includes a flexible connection part and a fastening connection part. The flexible connection part is used to absorb the tiny torsional vibration between the inertia flywheel and the phase condenser rotor caused by the difference in running speed, and the fastening connection part is used to ensure the rigid connection between the two.

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