A paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes and related equipment

Abstract

The present invention discloses a paleo-geomorphology restoration method and related equipment based on geological processes. The specific implementation is divided into the following key steps, including seismic interpretation to identify the current stratigraphic interface, seismic structure analysis to correct the stratigraphic erosion amount, well-seismic combination to calculate the original sedimentary thickness, rock differentiation to correct differential compaction, accommodative space analysis to remove the influence of newly added accommodative space, and sedimentary analog terrain trend to correct the surface influence, and finally obtain the comparable sedimentary thickness, and obtain the original landform before sediment deposition through mirroring. The method is based on the geological evolution process as a whole, and obtains the original landform form by restoring various geological elements in the geological formation process, and strips various elements affecting the landform from the final sediment and restores them step by step for correction, and finally obtains the original paleo-geomorphological characteristics through process restoration. The method comprehensively considers all factors affecting paleo-geomorphology restoration and improves the accuracy of paleo-geomorphology restoration results.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of paleo-geomorphology restoration, and specifically relates to a paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes and related equipment. Background Art

[0002] Paleomorphology is the surface morphology of the Earth at the time of sediment deposition. It determines the distribution and interrelationships of sediment erosion, transport pathways, and depositional zones, ultimately influencing sediment distribution. As a core issue in the study of source-sink systems, it is a key aspect of sedimentological research. Paleomorphology can generally be restored using methods such as mudstone compaction rate, acoustic transit time (stratum velocity), organic matter maturity, and sediment thickness mirroring (e.g., Chinese invention patent application number 201510713107.5).

[0003] However, mudstone compaction rate and acoustic transit time methods can only reveal discontinuities in deposition, not quantitatively defining continuous landforms. Organic matter maturity studies can only capture large-scale landforms. The mirror image method, the most commonly used paleogeomorphological reconstruction method, relies on mirroring existing sediments to obtain paleogeomorphology. The principle is that post-deposition sediments can fill the original surface to a horizontal state, so that the mirror image of their thickness represents the pre-depositional landform. Considering that water may have remained on the sediment surface after deposition, and that different types of sediments experience varying degrees of volumetric contraction (compaction) under the pressure of overlying rocks during post-depositional burial, existing correction methods often use water depth and compaction corrections. However, these methods do not provide a method for determining existing sediment thickness, do not consider differential compaction corrections, and simplify the post-depositional surface as horizontal. Furthermore, during the deposition process, different regions may have added space to accumulate more sediment, or sediments may have been eroded, resulting in less than the original amount. Consequently, these methods suffer from overly simplistic models, leading to large errors and even failures. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The present invention provides a paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes and related equipment, which solves the problem of large errors in existing paleo-geomorphology restoration.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes, comprising:

[0007] Acquisition of seismic and well logging data;

[0008] Obtain the time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum and the time erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone based on seismic data;

[0009] The stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation is obtained based on well logging data, seismic data, the time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum today and the time denudation thickness distribution map of the denuded area;

[0010] Based on the well logging data and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation, the total sediment thickness distribution map is obtained;

[0011] The thickness distribution map of the balanced subsidence strata is obtained based on the original sediment thickness distribution map and the total sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum;

[0012] The terrain elevation correction distribution map is obtained based on seismic data and well logging data. Based on the terrain elevation correction distribution map and the equilibrium subsidence stratum thickness distribution map, a comparable original sediment thickness distribution map is obtained.

[0013] The comparable original sediment thickness distribution map is mirrored to obtain the original landform distribution map before sediment deposition.

[0014] Preferably, the time-stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum obtained based on seismic data is specifically as follows:

[0015] Slice tracking is performed in the 3D seismic data text to identify the reflection event of the sedimentary interface in the slice and obtain the initial stratigraphic interface in the slice;

[0016] According to the initial stratigraphic interface, the discontinuous layer is identified, and then the discontinuous layer is flattened to obtain the current stratigraphic interface of the slice;

[0017] After slicing and interpreting the present stratigraphic interface, we obtain the present stratigraphic interface of several slices, and then through interpolation, we obtain the distribution map of the present stratigraphic interface, and then we obtain the time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum in the study area.

[0018] Preferably, the time-dependent erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone obtained based on seismic data is specifically as follows:

[0019] Based on the seismic data, the integrity of the reflection events of the strata in the study area is analyzed. The reflection events are analyzed from the tracking level. For locations where the events are missing or incomplete, the reasons for the missing or incomplete events are analyzed based on the overall geological structure characteristics. If the missing or incomplete events are caused by later erosion, they are classified as erosion areas. In the erosion area, the extension of the complete reflection events and the erosion trend are used to obtain the time erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion area.

[0020] Preferably, the stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation is obtained based on well logging data, seismic data, the current temporal stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum, and the temporal denudation thickness distribution map of the denuded area, as follows:

[0021] Based on the logging data and seismic data, the current time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum is converted into the current stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum, and the time erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone is converted into the erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone. Based on the current stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum and the erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone, the stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration of erosion is obtained.

[0022] Preferably, a total sediment thickness distribution map is obtained based on the well logging data and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation, specifically:

[0023] The lithofacies distribution map and VSP velocity distribution map of each stratum are obtained based on the well logging data. The original sedimentary thickness distribution map of each stratum is obtained based on the lithofacies distribution map, VSP velocity distribution map and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation. The total sedimentary thickness distribution map is obtained based on the original sedimentary thickness distribution map of each stratum.

[0024] Preferably, obtaining the balanced settlement stratum thickness distribution map according to the original sediment thickness distribution map and the total sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum specifically comprises obtaining a settlement distribution map according to the original sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum, obtaining an average settlement according to the settlement distribution map, obtaining a differential settlement distribution map according to the settlement distribution map and the average settlement, and obtaining a balanced settlement stratum thickness distribution map according to the differential settlement distribution map and the total sediment thickness distribution map;

[0025] According to the settlement distribution diagram and the average settlement, the differential settlement distribution diagram is obtained as follows:

[0026] The average settlement is subtracted from the settlement at each location in the settlement distribution diagram to obtain the differential settlement at each location, and then the differential settlement distribution diagram is obtained.

[0027] Preferably, the comparable original deposition thickness distribution map is obtained by:

[0028] The sedimentary facies distribution map is obtained based on seismic data and well logging data, and the terrain elevation correction distribution map is obtained based on the sedimentary facies distribution map. The original sedimentary thickness distribution map that can be compared is obtained based on the terrain elevation correction distribution map and the balanced settlement stratum thickness distribution map.

[0029] The terrain elevation correction distribution map obtained based on the sedimentary facies distribution map is as follows:

[0030] According to the sedimentary facies distribution map and the preset slopes of each sedimentary facies, a terrain elevation correction distribution map is obtained;

[0031] The method for obtaining the preset slopes of each sedimentary facies is as follows: obtaining the surface topography under different modern sedimentary environments, statistically summarizing the slope coefficients, and obtaining the preset slopes of each sedimentary facies.

[0032] A paleo-geomorphology restoration system based on geological processes, comprising:

[0033] Data acquisition module: used to obtain seismic data and well logging data;

[0034] The first distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain the time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum and the time erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone based on seismic data;

[0035] The second distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation based on the well logging data, seismic data, the current stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum and the erosion zone's stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum;

[0036] The third distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain the total sediment thickness distribution map based on the well logging data and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation;

[0037] The fourth distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain a balanced sedimentation stratum thickness distribution map based on the original sediment thickness distribution map and the total sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum;

[0038] The fifth distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain a terrain elevation correction distribution map based on seismic data and well logging data, and obtain a comparable original sediment thickness distribution map based on the terrain elevation correction distribution map and the balanced settlement stratum thickness distribution map;

[0039] Restoration module: Mirror the comparable original sediment thickness distribution map to obtain the original landform distribution map before sediment deposition.

[0040] A computer device comprises a memory, a processor and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes are implemented.

[0041] A computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which, when executed by a processor, implements the steps of a paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: The present invention provides a paleogeomorphological restoration method based on geological processes, which is based on the geological evolution process and obtains the original geomorphological form by restoring various geological elements in the geological formation process. The various elements that affect the landform are stripped and restored from the final sediments and corrected in steps, and the original paleogeomorphological features are finally obtained through process restoration. The specific implementation is mainly divided into the following key steps, namely, seismic interpretation to identify the current stratigraphic interface, seismic structure analysis to correct the amount of stratigraphic erosion, well-seismic combination to calculate the original sedimentary thickness, rock differentiation to correct differential compaction, accommodative space analysis to remove the influence of newly added accommodative space, sedimentary analog terrain trend to correct the surface influence, and finally obtain the comparable sedimentary thickness, and obtain the original landform before sediment deposition, that is, paleogeomorphology, through mirroring. This method comprehensively considers all factors that affect paleogeomorphological restoration and improves the accuracy of paleogeomorphological restoration results. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 A schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes provided by the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of step S2 in .

[0045] Figure 3 This is the seismic profile after the E layer is flattened.

[0046] Figure 4 This is the seismic profile after the K1bx layer is flattened.

[0047] Figure 5 This is the seismic profile after the J layer is flattened.

[0048] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the partially denuded area identified in the seismic profile.

[0049] Figure 7 This is the planar distribution map of the erosion amount of a certain layer in the study area.

[0050] Figure 8 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the process of step S5 in .

[0051] Figure 9 1 is a sandstone percentage distribution diagram in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0052] Figure 10 This is the cross-sectional view of a seismic section after compaction and restoration.

[0053] Figure 11 This is the distribution map of total sediment thickness in the study area.

[0054] Figure 12 Schematic diagram of the differential settlement zero line and the maximum differential settlement line.

[0055] Figure 13 Schematic diagram of surface topography under different sedimentary environments.

[0056] Figure 14 This is the comparable original sediment thickness distribution map finally obtained.

[0057] Figure 15 Based on Figure 14 Schematic diagram of ancient sedimentary landforms obtained by mirroring.

[0058] Figure 16 This is a flow chart of a paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes according to the present invention.

[0059] Figure 17 This is a block diagram of a paleo-geomorphology restoration system based on geological processes according to the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0061] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the invention as claimed, but rather merely represents selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments derived by persons of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative effort shall fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters denote similar items in the following drawings, and therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it does not require further definition or explanation in subsequent drawings.

[0063] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that if the terms "upper," "lower," "horizontal," "inner," etc. appear, the orientation or positional relationship indicated is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the inventive product is typically placed when in use. These terms are merely for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or component referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed, or operate in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," etc. are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0064] In addition, if the term "horizontal" appears, it does not mean that the component must be absolutely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal than "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but can be slightly tilted.

[0065] In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "installed," "connected," and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, they can refer to fixed connections, detachable connections, or integral connections; they can refer to mechanical connections or electrical connections; they can refer to direct connections or indirect connections through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to internal connections between two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention based on specific circumstances.

[0066] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0067] The paleogeomorphology restoration method based on geological processes provided by the present invention is an improvement based on the mirror image method. Therefore, the assumptions and premises of the mirror image method are first explained.

[0068] The assumptions of the mirror method include:

[0069] (1) The landform was horizontal at the end of deposition;

[0070] (2) The original landform is completely filled with sediment or water. When there is water, the paleowater depth is used to correct the landform after deposition.

[0071] (3) No differential sedimentation or erosion occurs during the deposition process;

[0072] Under these assumptions, the total thickness of the sediment, or the sum of the total thickness and the water depth, represents the elevation difference between the landform before and after deposition. The mirror image represents the original landform: the greater the sediment thickness, the lower the original landform. This is the fundamental basis and approach for paleogeomorphological reconstruction using the mirror image method.

[0073] However, considering the differential compaction effect in the stratum, that is, different types of sediments have different volume changes during the diagenesis process, it is necessary to correct the sediment thickness caused by compaction. It is generally believed that different types of sediments have different compaction rates. Differential compaction correction is performed according to the sand-to-land ratio or the composition of different lithologies. The correction amount is equal to the stratum thickness multiplied by the compaction coefficient. The original sedimentary thickness is equal to the current sedimentary thickness divided by the compaction rate.

[0074] Considering differential settlement in different locations, the differential settlement amount needs to be corrected. This is done by superimposing the differential settlement curve on the obtained geomorphic map and subtracting the additional accommodation space due to differential settlement from the sediment thickness to obtain the original accommodation space. Differential settlement can be positive or negative, representing settlement or erosion, respectively.

[0075] In fact, the terrain after deposition is not horizontal. At this time, the landform after deposition should also be considered or given, and the landform after deposition should be used to correct the original landform. The correction method is to analyze the landform trend and superimpose the landform trend on the formed landform map to form a real landform map.

[0076] Based on the above theoretical basis, please refer to Figure 1 The present invention provides a paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes, comprising:

[0077] S1. Obtain seismic data and well logging data in the study area;

[0078] S2. Obtain the time-stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum in the study area based on seismic data;

[0079] Please refer to Figure 2 , step S2 specifically includes:

[0080] S21, performing slice tracking in the 3D seismic data text, identifying the reflection event of the sedimentary interface in the slice, and obtaining the initial stratigraphic interface in the slice;

[0081] S22. Based on the initial stratigraphic interface, the discontinuous layer is identified and then flattened to obtain the current stratigraphic interface of the slice. During the flattening process, care must be taken to maintain the consistency of the stratigraphic layers above and below the comparison layer, ensuring that the thickness changes of the layers above and below the layer do not show consistent elevation deviations, and at the same time ensuring that the traced layer does not penetrate the layer.

[0082] In this embodiment, Figure 3-Figure 5 , first flatten the E layer ( Figure 3 ), then flatten the K1bx layer ( Figure 4 ), and finally flatten the J layer ( Figure 5 ), all discontinuous layers can be leveled.

[0083] S23. After interpreting slices at a certain density, the present stratigraphic interfaces of several slices are obtained. Then, through interpolation, the distribution map of the present stratigraphic interfaces is obtained, and then the time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum in the study area is obtained.

[0084] S3. Analyze the integrity of the reflection events of the strata in the study area based on seismic data to identify the denudation zone. In the denudation zone, the temporal erosion thickness distribution map is obtained based on the extension of the complete reflection events and the erosion trend.

[0085] Among them, the integrity of the reflection event axis of the strata in the study area is analyzed based on seismic data, and the erosion zone is identified. Specifically, the reflection event axis is analyzed from the tracking level. For the location where the event axis is missing or incomplete, the reason for the missing or incomplete event axis is analyzed according to the overall geological structure characteristics. If the missing or incomplete event axis is caused by later erosion, it will be classified as an erosion zone.

[0086] In this embodiment, Figure 6 As shown in the figure, by tracing the reflection phase axis on the seismic profile, it can be observed that the phase axis is missing or incomplete in some locations. According to the geological structure characteristics, it can be concluded that the missing or incomplete phase axis is caused by the later erosion, and it is classified as an erosion area. For each erosion area, the temporal erosion thickness distribution of the erosion area can be obtained according to the direction of the stratigraphic interface above and below the missing phase axis. After analyzing multiple seismic profiles, the results are projected onto the plane map of the study area, and then the plane distribution map of the erosion amount of a certain layer in the study area is obtained by interpolation (such as Figure 7 ).

[0087] It is important to note that for areas experiencing large-scale erosion, restoring the amount of erosion is a critical and difficult task. There are two main causes of localized erosion. The first is the flattening of a localized uplift. Restoration in this case primarily focuses on restoring the amount of uplift and the integrity of the original strata. The amount of erosion can be assessed by tectonic trends and stratum integrity. The second is localized erosion caused by localized downcutting. In this case, there is no stratum deformation, only underlying stratum incompleteness. The amount of erosion can be estimated based on stratum integrity. The third is regionally uneven erosion. In this case, there is no tectonic deformation, and the landforms are essentially uplifted and eroded. While the erosion may be relatively consistent, the landforms after uplift vary from region to region, leading to differences in the amount of erosion restored. Finally, there is regionally consistent uplift. This involves differences in uplift, but these differences are regional and have consistent regional variation characteristics. Regional estimates of uplift differences can be used to determine the extent of erosion.

[0088] Regional erosion restoration requires an understanding of regional structural deformation, based on which the overall erosion trend can be inferred. On the basis of the overall trend, the eroded stratigraphic structure is analyzed according to the preserved stratigraphic structure to restore the amount of stratigraphic erosion.

[0089] S4. Calibrate the seismic data using the well logging data to convert the current temporal stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum into a current stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum, and convert the temporal erosion thickness distribution map of the eroded area into an erosion thickness distribution map of the eroded area. Obtain a stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration of erosion using the current stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum and the erosion thickness distribution map of the eroded area.

[0090] Among them, the seismic data are calibrated with the well logging data, and the time-stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum today is converted into the stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum today, and the time-erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone is converted into the erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone. Specifically, the seismic data and the well logging data are calibrated with VSP to obtain the relationship between the time-domain thickness and the depth-domain thickness of the seismic reflection. According to the relationship between the time-domain thickness and the depth-domain thickness of the seismic reflection, the time-stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum today is converted into the stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum today, and the time-erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone is converted into the erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone.

[0091] Among them, the stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation is obtained through the current stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum and the erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone. Specifically, the current stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum and the erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone are superimposed, and the stratigraphic thickness at each position is added to the erosion thickness to obtain the stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation.

[0092] S5. Obtain the lithofacies distribution map and the VSP velocity distribution map of each stratum in the study area based on the well logging data. Based on the lithofacies distribution map and the VSP velocity distribution map of each stratum in the study area, regress and obtain the compaction rate of different lithofacies at different depths. Based on the compaction rate of different lithofacies at different depths, the lithofacies distribution map of each stratum, and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation, obtain the original sedimentary thickness distribution map of each stratum in the study area. Based on the original sedimentary thickness distribution map of each stratum in the study area, obtain the total sedimentary thickness distribution map of the study area.

[0093] Among them, Figure 8 According to the lithofacies distribution map and VSP velocity distribution map of each stratum in the study area, the compaction rates of different lithofacies at different depths are obtained by regression, including:

[0094] S511. Obtain the percentage of different lithofacies at each point in the study area based on the lithofacies distribution map of each stratum in the study area. In this embodiment, the lithofacies include sandstone and mudstone, and the distinction between sandstone and mudstone can be achieved through interpretation of well logging data. Figure 9 Shown is a graph showing the sandstone percentage distribution in one embodiment.

[0095] S512, obtaining the VSP velocity at each point according to the VSP velocity distribution map;

[0096] S513. Based on the percentage of different lithofacies at each point and the VSP velocity at each point, the compaction rates of different lithofacies at different depths are obtained by regression.

[0097] Among them, according to the compaction rate of different lithofacies at different depths, the lithofacies distribution map of each stratum and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation, the original sedimentary thickness distribution map of each stratum in the study area was obtained, specifically:

[0098] The thickness of each position in the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation is divided by the compaction rate of the corresponding lithofacies at that position to obtain the original sedimentary thickness of each position, thereby obtaining the original sedimentary thickness distribution map of each stratum in the study area. In this embodiment, Figure 10 This is the cross-sectional view of a seismic section after compaction and restoration.

[0099] Among them, according to the original sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum in the study area, the total sediment thickness distribution map of the study area is obtained, specifically: the original sediment thickness of each stratum at each location in the study area is added together to obtain the total sediment thickness at each location, and then the total sediment thickness distribution map of the study area is obtained. In this embodiment, the total sediment thickness distribution map of the study area is as follows Figure 11 shown.

[0100] S6. Based on the original sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum in the study area, the tectonic evolution of the study area is analyzed to obtain the settlement distribution map of the study area. Based on the settlement distribution map of the study area, the average settlement of the study area is obtained. Based on the settlement distribution map and the average settlement of the study area, the differential settlement distribution map of the study area is obtained. Based on the differential settlement distribution map and the total sediment thickness distribution map of the study area, the thickness distribution map of the balanced settlement strata in the study area is obtained.

[0101] Among them, according to the settlement distribution map and the average settlement of the study area, the differential settlement distribution map of the study area is obtained. Specifically, the settlement of each location in the settlement distribution map of the study area is subtracted from the average settlement to obtain the differential settlement of each location, and then the differential settlement distribution map of the study area is obtained.

[0102] In this embodiment, tectonic evolution analysis is performed on different sedimentary areas to determine the settlement conditions of different areas and clarify the settlement differences. According to the settlement amounts of different areas, the average settlement amount of the area is obtained. Areas with settlement amounts greater than or less than the average settlement amount are regarded as differential settlement areas. The differential settlement zero line and the maximum differential settlement line (such as Figure 12), the differential settlement curve of the differential settlement area is obtained by interpolation. The space with positive differential settlement can be regarded as the newly added accommodative space. By removing this value from the corrected sedimentary thickness, the influence of the newly added accommodative space can be removed, and the equilibrium settlement stratum thickness value can be obtained.

[0103] S7. Obtain a sedimentary facies distribution map of the study area based on seismic data and well logging data. Obtain a terrain elevation-corrected distribution map of the study area based on the sedimentary facies distribution map and the preset slopes of each sedimentary facies. Obtain a comparable original sedimentary thickness distribution map based on the terrain elevation-corrected distribution map of the study area and the equilibrium subsidence stratum thickness distribution map of the study area.

[0104] The method for obtaining the preset slopes of each sedimentary phase is as follows: obtaining the surface topography under different modern sedimentary environments, statistically summarizing the slope coefficients, and obtaining the preset slopes of each sedimentary phase.

[0105] According to the characteristics of modern sedimentary topography, the surface was not horizontal after deposition, but had a certain slope. Through modern sedimentary investigation, the surface topography under different sedimentary environments (such as Figure 13 (as shown), the slope coefficient is statistically summarized, and elevation correction is performed by interpolating elevation increments according to the slope within the sedimentary facies belt according to the compiled sedimentary facies boundaries. The method is to set the correction amount at the lowest point to zero, and perform terrain correction for the first layer from this point outward. According to the average slope, the sedimentary facies belt lines from the center point to the outer edge are uniformly interpolated to obtain correction amounts on different interpolated lines. The corresponding points are then subjected to terrain elevation correction. Then, contour lines are interpolated from the previous sedimentary facies belt boundary to the next outer sedimentary facies belt. The points on the contour lines are corrected to obtain elevation correction amounts, and correction is completed until all points are corrected.

[0106] In this example, analogies are made using topographic slopes measured in modern sedimentation in different regions. For example, floodplains, deltaic plains, lake areas, and foreset areas all have different topographic slopes, which can serve as a reference for analogy. The restoration of sedimentary landforms should consider the impact of different sedimentary processes. For valley slopes in front of mountains, syngenetic faults may cause excessive differences in landform calculations, while not considering differences in post-depositional landforms, resulting in an overestimation of landform differences. Furthermore, for areas with ancient uplifts, the original landform differences cannot be estimated due to the lack of sediment thickness.

[0107] For the old mountainous areas, the main method is to find out the ancient canyons and then determine the source and channel relationship of the provenance system through the differences in ancient landforms. The source area morphology is obtained by depicting the current landforms of the bedrock, and the outlet of the channel can be obtained by restoring the sediment thickness.

[0108] For fully sedimentary areas, analysis of geomorphology requires distinguishing between areas of denuded underlying strata, areas denuded by later strata, areas of geomorphic transformation caused by progradation, and areas of thickness variation caused by channel development. Specifically, the thickness variation caused by channel development requires identifying the differences between the channel belt and the floodplain beyond the channel. In reality, the original geomorphology of the channel during its development is low, while the post-depositional geomorphology is higher than that of the surrounding areas, leading to an overestimation of the geomorphological differences. However, it is important to note the width of the channel or channel belt and whether this can be captured in seismic or drilling data. Because these geomorphological differences are relatively small, they are generally smaller than the errors introduced by seismic tracking, making them difficult to identify during research. Detailed tracking may provide some clues. The floodplain of a river channel can range in thickness from ten meters to zero meters from the bank to the floodplain. Within the channel, there may be some incision, causing the elevation to drop more than ten meters below the bank. However, when tracing the channel, these landform changes are generally not apparent or not particularly prominent. There may also be depressions in the event axis that reveal the landform. Identifying incision channels can be a crucial aspect of determining paleo-canyons or river channels, but one cannot rely on geomorphic maps obtained from thickness to distinguish river channels in plain areas.

[0109] S8. Mirror the comparable original sediment thickness distribution map to obtain the original landform distribution map of the study area before sediment deposition;

[0110] After achieving layer tracking, erosion correction, compaction correction, new accommodation space correction and relative terrain correction, the final comparable original sediment thickness distribution map can be obtained (such as Figure 14 ), by mirroring the original sediment thickness distribution map, we can obtain the accurate sedimentary landform (such as Figure 15 ).

[0111] The above is a general embodiment of the present invention. However, in actual application, some special situations may be encountered and need to be handled specifically, including:

[0112] (1) For flat plains, river valleys generally appear in low-lying areas before deposition and form high landforms after deposition. At this time, the final prominent landforms caused by the thickness of the river valley should be considered, which will lead to deviations in the estimation of the original landforms and underestimate the landforms.

[0113] (2) If there is a river channel incision, the newly added accommodation space will cause the thickness of the sediment to be equal to the sum of the newly added accommodation space and the original accommodation space, resulting in an underestimate of the landform estimate;

[0114] (3) If there is a paleocanyon with no differential sedimentation, its sediment thickness can be used to invert the geomorphology of the paleocanyon, but this geomorphology needs to be corrected with the geomorphology after deposition;

[0115] (4) The difference in topographic slope in the lakeshore area or the piedmont area is inconsistent with the topographic slope of the landforms on both sides, resulting in different elevation differences between the sediment surface and the horizontal plane, and the topographic slope needs to be corrected. At this time, the underwater area can be corrected by paleowater depth or lake bottom topography, but the above-water area can only be corrected by topography. Therefore, when restoring paleotopography, we still need an imaginary post-depositional topography as a substitute for the horizontal plane;

[0116] (5) The paleogeomorphic restoration method is mainly applicable to areas with obvious landform relief, especially strata with bedrock areas, where the developed filling effect can better reflect its original landform characteristics. However, this method is not very applicable to continuous sedimentary strata, including floodplains, lake areas, riverbanks or lakeshores;

[0117] (6) For continuous sedimentary strata, identifying the erosion and filling structures in the sediments is a way to identify the main sedimentary channels. However, based on the changes in stratum thickness, it may be difficult to identify the development location of the channels;

[0118] (7) The determination of the landform after regional deposition is mainly based on the analysis of the sedimentary background, and the determination of its terrain slope by zoning. The landform ups and downs of different parts are analyzed based on the terrain slope, and the corresponding correction amount can be given by superimposing it on the thickness landform. Among them, there are two important rapid change zones, namely the piedmont transition zone and the underwater transition zone. These two locations are places of foreset, with large changes in sedimentary slope. They are also the locations indicating the transition of different sedimentary phases. They should be mainly based on the identification of foreset structures.

[0119] (8) After the completion of sedimentation, the landform filling should be distinguished as full or partial filling of the basin. After full filling, the original bottom shape of the basin after progradation will no longer exist, and a unified basin bottom shape will be formed. At this time, the basin filling may have two parts, namely the progradational filling area and the alluvial filling area. The former has a progradational structure, and the latter may have a bidirectional overlap structure or a top-overlap structure. If it is partially filled, an incompletely filled basin part will develop, and its terrain slope will be different from that of other areas. At this time, the basin may have a significant feature of decreasing sediment thickness, and the structure inside the basin may also differ from the progradational structure. Observing this accumulation transformation and difference is of great significance for identifying different landform zones.

[0120] (9) Paleogeomorphological restoration mainly involves two aspects: one is the change in slope or the transition zone of sedimentation; the other is the change in channel or the change zone of sediment channel. The former solves the problem of sediment accumulation area, and determines the priority accumulation area of ​​sediment by finding the slope break zone, and analyzes the type of sediment and the dominant sedimentary phase zone. The latter solves the problem of sediment transportation direction. Through landform restoration, the transition zone is found to analyze the development of sedimentary bodies, and the transportation channel is found through channel tracking, the development of potential sedimentary areas is determined, and the combined relationship of source, channel and sink is established to conduct quantitative sedimentation system analysis.

[0121] In summary, the technical solution provided by the present invention is based on the geological evolution process, and is achieved by restoring the original landform of each geological element during the geological formation process. Various elements that affect the landform are stripped and restored from the final sediments and corrected in steps, and the original paleo-geomorphic features are finally obtained through process restoration. The specific implementation is mainly divided into the following key steps, namely, seismic interpretation to identify the current stratigraphic interface (S2), seismic structure analysis to correct the amount of stratigraphic erosion (S3), well-seismic combination to calculate the original sedimentary thickness (S4), rock differentiation and correction of differential compaction (S5), accommodative space analysis to remove the influence of newly added accommodative space (S6), sedimentary analogy terrain trend correction of surface influence (S7), and finally obtaining the comparable sedimentary thickness, and obtaining the original landform before sediment deposition through mirroring (S8), that is, paleo-geomorphology. This method comprehensively considers all factors that affect paleo-geomorphic restoration and improves the accuracy of paleo-geomorphic restoration results.

[0122] like Figure 17 The present invention also provides a paleo-geomorphology restoration system based on geological processes, comprising:

[0123] Data acquisition module: used to obtain seismic data and well logging data;

[0124] The first distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain the time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum and the time erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone based on seismic data;

[0125] The second distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation based on the well logging data, seismic data, the current stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum and the erosion zone's stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum;

[0126] The third distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain the total sediment thickness distribution map based on the well logging data and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation;

[0127] The fourth distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain a balanced sedimentation stratum thickness distribution map based on the original sediment thickness distribution map and the total sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum;

[0128] The fifth distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain a terrain elevation correction distribution map based on seismic data and well logging data, and obtain a comparable original sediment thickness distribution map based on the terrain elevation correction distribution map and the balanced settlement stratum thickness distribution map;

[0129] Restoration module: Mirror the comparable original sediment thickness distribution map to obtain the original landform distribution map before sediment deposition.

[0130] An embodiment of the present invention provides a terminal device. The terminal device of this embodiment includes: a processor, a memory, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor. When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of each of the aforementioned method embodiments are implemented. Alternatively, when the processor executes the computer program, the functions of each module / unit in each of the aforementioned device embodiments are implemented.

[0131] The computer program may be divided into one or more modules / units, which are stored in the memory and executed by the processor to accomplish the present invention.

[0132] The terminal device may be a computing device such as a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a PDA, a cloud server, etc. The terminal device may include, but is not limited to, a processor and a memory.

[0133] The processor can be a central processing unit (CPU), or other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSP), application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc.

[0134] The memory may be used to store the computer programs and / or modules, and the processor implements various functions of the terminal device by running or executing the computer programs and / or modules stored in the memory and calling the data stored in the memory.

[0135] If the module / unit integrated in the terminal device is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the present invention implements all or part of the process in the above-mentioned embodiment method, and can also be completed by instructing the relevant hardware through a computer program. The computer program can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. When the computer program is executed by a processor, it can implement the steps of each of the above-mentioned method embodiments. The computer program includes computer program code, which can be in source code form, object code form, executable file or some intermediate form. The computer-readable medium may include: any entity or device capable of carrying the computer program code, recording medium, USB flash drive, mobile hard disk, magnetic disk, optical disk, computer memory, read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), electric carrier signal, telecommunication signal and software distribution medium. It should be noted that the content contained in the computer-readable medium can be appropriately increased or decreased according to the requirements of legislation and patent practice in the jurisdiction. For example, in some jurisdictions, according to legislation and patent practice, computer-readable media do not include electric carrier signals and telecommunication signals.

[0136] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific embodiments and application fields. The above-mentioned specific embodiments are merely illustrative and instructive, and are not restrictive. A person skilled in the art, guided by the description, may devise various forms without departing from the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention, all of which fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes, characterized in that: include: Acquisition of seismic and well logging data; Obtain the time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum and the time erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone based on seismic data; The stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation is obtained based on well logging data, seismic data, the time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum today and the time denudation thickness distribution map of the denuded area; Based on the well logging data and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation, the total sediment thickness distribution map is obtained; The thickness distribution map of the balanced subsidence strata is obtained based on the original sediment thickness distribution map and the total sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum; The terrain elevation correction distribution map is obtained based on seismic data and well logging data. Based on the terrain elevation correction distribution map and the equilibrium subsidence stratum thickness distribution map, a comparable original sediment thickness distribution map is obtained. The comparable original sediment thickness distribution map is mirrored to obtain the original landform distribution map before sediment deposition.

2. A paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time-stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum obtained based on seismic data is as follows: Slice tracking is performed in the 3D seismic data text to identify the reflection event of the sedimentary interface in the slice and obtain the initial stratigraphic interface in the slice; According to the initial stratigraphic interface, the discontinuous layer is identified, and then the discontinuous layer is flattened to obtain the current stratigraphic interface of the slice; After slicing and interpreting the present stratigraphic interface, we obtain the present stratigraphic interface of several slices, and then through interpolation, we obtain the distribution map of the present stratigraphic interface, and then we obtain the time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum in the study area.

3. The method for paleo-geomorphological restoration based on geological processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The time-denudation thickness distribution map of the erosion zone obtained based on seismic data is as follows: Based on the seismic data, the integrity of the reflection events of the strata in the study area is analyzed. The reflection events are analyzed from the tracking level. For locations where the events are missing or incomplete, the reasons for the missing or incomplete events are analyzed based on the overall geological structure characteristics. If the missing or incomplete events are caused by later erosion, they are classified as erosion areas. In the erosion area, the extension of the complete reflection events and the erosion trend are used to obtain the time erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion area.

4. The method for paleo-geomorphological restoration based on geological processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stratigraphic thickness distribution maps of each stratum after restoration and denudation are obtained based on well logging data, seismic data, the time stratigraphic thickness distribution maps of each stratum today, and the time denudation thickness distribution maps of the denuded area. Specifically: Based on the logging data and seismic data, the current time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum is converted into the current stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum, and the time erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone is converted into the erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone. Based on the current stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum and the erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone, the stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration of erosion is obtained.

5. The method for paleo-geomorphological restoration based on geological processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: According to the well logging data and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation, the total sediment thickness distribution map is obtained, which is as follows: The lithofacies distribution map and VSP velocity distribution map of each stratum are obtained based on the well logging data. The original sedimentary thickness distribution map of each stratum is obtained based on the lithofacies distribution map, VSP velocity distribution map and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation. The total sedimentary thickness distribution map is obtained based on the original sedimentary thickness distribution map of each stratum.

6. The method for paleo-geomorphological restoration based on geological processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The balanced subsidence stratum thickness distribution map is obtained according to the original sediment thickness distribution map and the total sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum. Specifically, the settlement distribution map is obtained according to the original sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum, the average settlement is obtained according to the settlement distribution map, the differential settlement distribution map is obtained according to the settlement distribution map and the average settlement, and the balanced subsidence stratum thickness distribution map is obtained according to the differential settlement distribution map and the total sediment thickness distribution map; According to the settlement distribution diagram and the average settlement, the differential settlement distribution diagram is obtained as follows: The average settlement is subtracted from the settlement at each location in the settlement distribution diagram to obtain the differential settlement at each location, and then the differential settlement distribution diagram is obtained.

7. The method for paleo-geomorphological restoration based on geological processes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The comparison of the original sediment thickness distribution map is obtained as follows: The sedimentary facies distribution map is obtained based on seismic data and well logging data, and the terrain elevation correction distribution map is obtained based on the sedimentary facies distribution map. The original sedimentary thickness distribution map that can be compared is obtained based on the terrain elevation correction distribution map and the balanced settlement stratum thickness distribution map. The terrain elevation correction distribution map obtained based on the sedimentary facies distribution map is as follows: According to the sedimentary facies distribution map and the preset slopes of each sedimentary facies, a terrain elevation correction distribution map is obtained; The method for obtaining the preset slopes of each sedimentary facies is as follows: obtaining the surface topography under different modern sedimentary environments, statistically summarizing the slope coefficients, and obtaining the preset slopes of each sedimentary facies.

8. A paleo-geomorphology restoration system based on geological processes, characterized in that: include: Data acquisition module: used to obtain seismic data and well logging data; The first distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain the time stratigraphic thickness distribution map of each stratum and the time erosion thickness distribution map of the erosion zone based on seismic data; The second distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation based on the well logging data, seismic data, the current stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum and the erosion zone's stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum; The third distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain the total sediment thickness distribution map based on the well logging data and the stratum thickness distribution map of each stratum after restoration and denudation; The fourth distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain a balanced sedimentation stratum thickness distribution map based on the original sediment thickness distribution map and the total sediment thickness distribution map of each stratum; The fifth distribution map acquisition module is used to obtain a terrain elevation correction distribution map based on seismic data and well logging data, and obtain a comparable original sediment thickness distribution map based on the terrain elevation correction distribution map and the balanced settlement stratum thickness distribution map; Restoration module: Mirror the comparable original sediment thickness distribution map to obtain the original landform distribution map before sediment deposition.

9. A computer device comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the steps of the paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the paleo-geomorphology restoration method based on geological processes as described in any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented.

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