Cement supply chain carbon footprint data management method and device based on block chain

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of carbon emission, in particular to a cement supply chain carbon footprint data management method and device based on a block chain, and the method comprises the steps: determining the core data elements of a cement supply chain carbon footprint according to a carbon emission accounting guide and a standard specification; constructing a cement supply chain carbon footprint data management multi-chain mixed block chain architecture according to the core data elements; embedding a pre-constructed cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy into the block chain architecture so as to perform on-chain footprint data quality monitoring on the core data elements; and embedding a pre-constructed cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy security governance strategy into the block chain architecture to define a read-write permission of the core data element, and setting a carbon footprint data information privacy security protection scheme according to the read-write permission. Therefore, the problem that cement supply chain carbon footprint data management has complex challenges in the aspects of reliability, traceability, accessibility and controllability of data supply and circulation is solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of carbon emission technology, and in particular to a method and device for carbon footprint data management of a cement supply chain based on blockchain. Background Art

[0002] The cement supply chain is centered on cement production, covering the entire process from upstream raw material supply to end consumers, including downstream key processing links such as prefabricated components and ready-mixed concrete, and ultimately transformed into building products at the construction site. It connects the building materials industry and the construction industry, and involves multiple entities such as administration, production, and services.

[0003] At present, my country has adopted a number of management measures in energy-saving and carbon-reduction technology transformation, energy consumption quota standards, carbon emission accounting reports, etc. The downstream construction industry has also promoted carbon emission reduction in the upstream supply chain through green building evaluation, green procurement, and mandatory requirements in engineering documents. The current carbon emission management model mainly operates around the monitoring-reporting-verification (MRV) system, such as Figure 1 As shown, enterprises collect carbon emission data, report to government departments, and accept regular verification by third-party institutions, and use their carbon verification reports as the data basis for management decisions and carbon trading markets (as shown in the figure). However, this point-to-point reporting management model fails to effectively integrate and sort out the carbon footprint data of the entire process and space-time of the cement supply chain, making it difficult to provide effective data support for various carbon emission reduction measures, and the control effect on carbon emissions is limited.

[0004] Specifically, the current verification report management model can no longer meet the current carbon footprint data governance needs, and we need to explore more scientific and effective data governance methods and technical means.

[0005] Compared with traditional management methods, the decentralized, tamper-proof, secure, reliable, and Turing-complete characteristics of blockchain technology have the potential to better solve problems such as multi-subject co-governance, reliable data records, and security and privacy protection in supply chain management. Its unique advantages in data governance have been widely recognized in many fields such as supply chain, finance, public health, and smart cities. Most related research focuses on the applicability analysis of blockchain technology in data governance and the construction of technical system architecture. Blockchain technology can enable important processes such as data storage and processing, acquisition, and sharing, but there is still room for exploration in key data governance issues such as data quality assurance and data privacy protection based on blockchain technology.

[0006] Blockchain-related research in the construction field mainly focuses on construction contract procurement management, prefabricated building supply chain management, construction management, building information modeling (BIM), etc., indicating that blockchain technology has sufficient feasibility and broad application prospects in the construction field. In the field of building carbon emission management, only a few studies have used blockchain technology for carbon emission estimation in building materials production and the construction of building carbon trading systems, mainly using smart contracts to support carbon emission accounting and carbon trading data processing. These studies are generally in the early exploratory stage, mainly focusing on the discussion of potential application of technology. Scientific decision-making and effective control of building carbon emission management rely on high-quality carbon footprint data. At present, there is a consensus that blockchain technology can support carbon data governance in the building materials supply chain, but most studies only focus on data quantification, storage and recording. There is little research on quality assurance methods for carbon footprint data with multi-source heterogeneous characteristics, and there is a lack of scientific and feasible governance solutions for a large amount of carbon footprint data in the entire construction industry chain.

[0007] From the perspective of the principles of distributed data management technology and the logic of promoting multi-subject information collaboration, the functional characteristics of blockchain can be applied to the carbon footprint data governance of the cement supply chain. At present, only a few studies have used blockchain technology to trace the origin of cement products and greenhouse gas emissions in the cement manufacturing process, but these studies focus more on the production and manufacturing stage of cement, and there are few studies from the perspective of the supply chain. Most of the research is still at the level of applicability analysis. How to establish a blockchain management solution based on a feasible technical path for core links such as data chain, quality assurance, and privacy management still needs to be further clarified, and the potential value of data, such as support for carbon trading systems, still needs to be further explored.

[0008] Due to the characteristics of the cement supply chain carbon footprint basic data such as multi-source heterogeneity, information game between multiple subjects, and high commercial sensitivity, data governance is very complex and difficult. In the process of combining and applying blockchain technology, there are still some unresolved issues that need to be studied in depth. For example, the governance of cement supply chain carbon footprint data requires a specific blockchain architecture. The governance of cement supply chain carbon footprint data has greater challenges in terms of the quality and privacy security of on-chain data. The methods and paths for the functionalization and assetization of carbon footprint data on the cement supply chain blockchain are not yet clear. Summary of the invention

[0009] The present invention provides a method and device for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance based on blockchain to solve the complex challenges faced by cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance in terms of reliability, traceability, accessibility and controllability of data supply and circulation, as well as the problem that the application method of blockchain technology in cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance is still unclear.

[0010] The first aspect of the present invention provides a method for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance based on blockchain, comprising the following steps: determining the core data elements of the cement supply chain carbon footprint according to the carbon emission accounting guidelines and standard specifications; constructing a multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance based on the core data elements; embedding a pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy into the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to perform data quality monitoring on the core data elements; embedding a pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance strategy into the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements, and setting a carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection scheme based on the read and write permissions.

[0011] Optionally, the core data elements include basic data, unit data and summary data, wherein the original carbon emissions data collected directly or indirectly is the basic data; the basic data is directly or indirectly processed with the carbon emission source as the accounting unit to obtain the unit data; the basic data or the unit data is calculated and summarized according to preset usage requirements to obtain the summary data.

[0012] Optionally, the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture includes:

[0013] The supply chain layer is used to identify the production activities, all stakeholders, physical building materials from raw materials to intermediate products to final products, and the corresponding business processes at each link in the cement supply chain;

[0014] A connection layer, the connection layer is used to collect the cement supply chain carbon footprint data at the supply chain layer, and transmit the cement supply chain carbon footprint data to the blockchain layer;

[0015] The blockchain layer includes a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, and a smart contract layer, wherein:

[0016] The data layer is composed of a supply chain alliance chain and a plurality of enterprise alliance chains, and is used to convert the cement supply chain carbon footprint data into a Merkle tree format for storage in data blocks, and to connect the data blocks in series through hash pointers to form an unalterable chain structure;

[0017] The network layer includes business subject nodes, certificate authority nodes, network administrator nodes and member service provider nodes, wherein the business subject nodes are used to deploy and execute smart contracts and consensus mechanisms, the certificate authority nodes are used to provide participants with unique digital identity credentials and are responsible for managing the life cycle of identity certificates, the network administrator nodes are used to provide technical support for the operation of the blockchain network, and the member service provider nodes are responsible for the role and authority management of network participants;

[0018] The consensus layer is used to coordinate consensus among nodes and ensure data consistency;

[0019] The smart contract layer is used for the smart contract layer to perform data on-chain, carbon emission accounting, cross-chain synchronization, data processing, retrieval query and authority control business activities;

[0020] The application layer is used to provide users with a variety of distributed applications to exchange the governance value of the carbon footprint data.

[0021] Optionally, the pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy is embedded in the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to monitor the data quality of the core data elements, including:

[0022] The cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy is embedded in the connection layer and blockchain layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture, wherein the cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance method includes an on-chain data quality inspection method based on a trusted oracle, an on-chain data quality monitoring method based on abnormal data identification, and an administrative verification method based on traceability retrieval;

[0023] The basic data of the production information management system or external database is collected by using the on-chain data quality inspection method based on the trusted oracle to check whether the timeliness of the core data elements is compliant, and the unstructured voucher file image information of the manually collected data in the core data elements is compared and authenticated with the input information, the rationality of the material usage data in the core data elements is checked by threshold value based on production experience, and the core data elements are structured and formatted;

[0024] The on-chain data quality monitoring method based on abnormal data identification is used to monitor the network status operation, so as to identify and submit network nodes with abnormal frequencies and network channels with abnormal traffic, and to regularly perform abnormal value inspections on the unit data stored on the chain to verify the business rationality of carbon emissions;

[0025] By using the administrative verification method based on traceability retrieval to trace the hash value in the data structure on the chain, it is possible to verify whether the integrity of the data is consistent with the original value, and to trace and verify all data processing operations through the transaction ID, and to allow government departments to access the enterprise alliance chain network to verify the collection and processing history records of the core data elements.

[0026] Optionally, the pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance strategy is embedded in the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements, and the carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection scheme is set according to the read and write permissions, including:

[0027] The cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance strategy is embedded in the data layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements, and generate the carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection scheme based on the read and write permissions, wherein the carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection scheme includes an architecture basic design scheme, an identity authority management scheme, and a data encryption management scheme;

[0028] According to the basic design scheme of the architecture, the supply chain alliance chain and the enterprise alliance chain are separated from each other, and data information is transmitted only through cross-chain nodes and cross-chain smart contracts. The enterprise is set to share only unit data to the supply chain alliance chain, and the basic data is only retained in the enterprise alliance chain to form network isolation protection for the basic data;

[0029] According to the identity authority management scheme, each relevant subject must register with real name before joining the blockchain alliance chain network as a node. When registering a node, the CA certificate is granted to control the read and write permissions of each relevant subject for various carbon footprint data elements. For data that requires a single access, the CA certificate authorizes the node to grant a joining period limit to the key, and the key becomes invalid after the period expires.

[0030] Point-to-point data transmission between nodes is established based on the data encryption management solution.

[0031] Optionally, embedding the cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance method into the data layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements includes:

[0032] The cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance method is embedded in the data layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture,

[0033] Define the carbon emission responsible enterprise's authority to the basic data as readable and writable, define the carbon emission responsible enterprise's authority to the unit data as readable and writable, and define the carbon emission responsible enterprise's authority to the summary data as readable and writable;

[0034] Define the authority of the production enterprise to the basic data as unreadable and unwritable, define the authority of the production enterprise to the unit data as authorized readable but not writable, and define the authority of the production enterprise to the summary data as authorized readable and writable;

[0035] Define the service agency's authority over the basic data as unreadable and unwritable, define the service agency's authority over the unit data as authorized readable but not writable, and define the service agency's authority over the summary data as authorized readable and writable;

[0036] The administrative department's authority over the basic data is defined as authorized to read but not write, the administrative department's authority over the unit data is defined as readable but not writable, and the administrative department's authority over the summary data is defined as readable and writable.

[0037] The second aspect of the present invention provides a cement supply chain carbon footprint data management device based on blockchain, including:

[0038] Identification module for determining the core data elements of the cement supply chain carbon footprint according to the carbon emission accounting guidelines and standard specifications;

[0039] A construction module for constructing a multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance based on the core data elements;

[0040] A data monitoring module, for embedding a pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy into the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to perform data quality monitoring on the core data elements;

[0041] The privacy protection module is used to embed the pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy security governance strategy into the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements and set the carbon footprint data information privacy security protection plan according to the read and write permissions.

[0042] A third aspect of the present invention provides an electronic device, comprising: a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method as described in the above embodiment.

[0043] The fourth aspect of the present invention provides a computer program product, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method.

[0044] A fifth aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium, which stores a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method.

[0045] The blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method and device proposed in the embodiment of the present invention clarify the composition, characteristics and attributes of the carbon footprint data elements of the cement supply chain, construct a blockchain governance system framework that meets the data governance needs, and support the systematic integration of key methods for the entire process of carbon footprint data from "supply" to "circulation" to "use"; comprehensively use smart contracts, encryption algorithms, oracles and other technologies to propose a chain quality assurance method for the supply of carbon footprint data in the cement supply chain and a privacy and security assurance method for the circulation of data on the chain, so as to effectively support the reliability, traceability, accessibility and controllability of the supply and circulation of carbon footprint data; in response to the data support requirements of emission reduction mechanisms such as carbon labeling, carbon trading, and carbon emission responsibility allocation, a data usage function that is compatible with the circulation characteristics of carbon footprint data in the cement supply chain based on blockchain is proposed to support the functionalization of the management and control of carbon footprint data elements and their value assetization.

[0046] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] The above and / or additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent and easily understood from the following description of the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0048] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of a traditional MRV carbon emission management system provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 2 A flowchart of a method for managing carbon footprint data in a cement supply chain based on blockchain provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 3 A technical roadmap for a blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of a multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 5A schematic diagram of a cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 6 A flowchart of a method for verifying and uploading basic data of carbon footprint of a cement supply chain provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0054] Figure 7 A flowchart of a method for privacy and security management of carbon footprint data in a cement supply chain provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0055] Figure 8 A schematic diagram of point-to-point transmission of unit data using an asymmetric encryption algorithm provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0056] Fig. 9 A schematic block diagram of a cement supply chain carbon footprint data management device based on blockchain provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0057] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0058] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0059] The following describes the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method and device based on blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0060] Figure 2 A flowchart of a method for carbon footprint data governance in a cement supply chain based on blockchain provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown in the figure, the blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method includes the following steps:

[0062] In step S201, the core data elements of the cement supply chain carbon footprint are determined according to the carbon emission accounting guidelines and standard specifications.

[0063] In some embodiments, the core data elements include basic data, unit data and summary data, wherein:

[0064] The original carbon emission data collected directly or indirectly is the basic data;

[0065] Directly or indirectly process basic data using carbon emission sources as accounting units to obtain unit data;

[0066] Calculate and summarize basic data or unit data according to preset usage requirements to obtain summary data.

[0067] In the actual implementation process, based on data governance theory and referring to relevant carbon emission accounting guidelines and standard specifications in my country, we sorted out the sources of carbon emissions in the cement supply chain, and studied and determined the three core data elements of the cement supply chain carbon footprint: basic data, unit data and summary data. Among them, basic data refers to the original data collected directly or indirectly (such as equipment collection, manual collection, external database collection), unit data refers to the direct or indirect carbon emissions data with carbon emission sources as the accounting unit, and summary data refers to the carbon emissions data that can support management business.

[0068] Furthermore, based on the theory of industrial data governance, the multi-source data elements of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data can be decomposed according to data content, type, structure, source, timeliness, throughput and other attributes, as shown in Table 1 below.

[0069] Table 1 Element decomposition and attribute decomposition of multi-source carbon footprint data of cement supply chain

[0070] property Decomposition of multi-source carbon footprint data elements Data content Fossil fuel consumption; electricity consumption; raw material consumption; emission factors; ... Data Types Carbon footprint basic data; unit accounting data; summary statistics Data Structure Structured data; Semi-structured data; Unstructured data Data Source production information system; sensor; manual collection; external database Data timeliness Real-time data; quasi-real-time data; offline data; periodic data Processing throughput Streaming data; Small batch data; Large batch data

[0071] In step S202, a multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance is constructed based on core data elements.

[0072] In some embodiments, the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture includes:

[0073] Supply chain layer, which is used to identify the production activities, all stakeholders, physical building materials from raw materials to intermediate products to final products, and the corresponding business processes at each link in the cement supply chain;

[0074] The connection layer is used to collect the carbon footprint data of the cement supply chain at the supply chain layer and transmit the carbon footprint data of the cement supply chain to the blockchain layer;

[0075] Blockchain layer, the blockchain layer includes data layer, network layer, consensus layer and smart contract layer, among which,

[0076] The data layer consists of a supply chain alliance chain and several enterprise alliance chains, which are used to convert the carbon footprint data of the cement supply chain into a Merkle tree format for storage in data blocks, and connect the data blocks in series through hash pointers to form an unalterable chain structure;

[0077] The network layer includes business subject nodes, certificate authority nodes, network administrator nodes, and member service provider nodes. Among them, business subject nodes are used to deploy and execute smart contracts and consensus mechanisms, certificate authority nodes are used to provide participants with unique digital identity credentials and are responsible for managing the life cycle of identity certificates, network administrator nodes are used to provide technical support for the operation of blockchain networks, and member service provider nodes are responsible for the role and authority management of network participants;

[0078] The consensus layer is used to coordinate consensus among nodes and ensure data consistency;

[0079] Smart contract layer, used to execute business activities such as data on-chain, carbon emission accounting, cross-chain synchronization, data processing, retrieval query and permission control;

[0080] Application layer: The application layer is used to provide users with a variety of distributed applications to govern the value exchange of carbon footprint data.

[0081] In the actual implementation process, Figure 3 and 4 As shown in the figure, a multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance is constructed from the bottom up, which is divided into the supply chain layer, connection layer, blockchain layer, and application layer based on the core data elements.

[0082] The supply chain layer is supported by the physical network of the cement supply chain, including production activities at all links in the supply chain, all stakeholders, physical building materials from raw materials to intermediate products to final products, and corresponding business processes. Since this study only involves the generation, processing, storage, circulation, and use of carbon footprint data in this process, the many transaction business information involved in the operation of the physical network of the cement supply chain is not fully marked in the figure. The physical servers and network nodes of each entity in the supply chain layer are mapped to access the decentralized network and establish a logical association with the blockchain layer.

[0083] As a data connection bridge between the real world and the closed blockchain system, the connection layer mainly functions to upload data to the chain and connect logically, and plays a decisive role in the consistency between the chain and the off-chain. Specifically, on the one hand, the connection layer collects carbon footprint data from data sources such as monitoring instruments, the Internet of Things, external information systems, and manual input, and transmits the data to the chain after data preprocessing and quality inspection. On the other hand, the connection layer abstracts the business logic of supply chain carbon footprint management into machine language and calls the corresponding smart contract, so that the business process can establish a logical connection with the operation of the blockchain system.

[0084] The blockchain layer is the core of the system architecture. The main structure includes data layer, network layer, consensus layer, smart contract layer, etc. The design adopts a hybrid blockchain architecture with a supply chain alliance chain as the main chain and multiple alliance chains maintained by each entity as side chains.

[0085] The data layer consists of a supply chain alliance chain and several enterprise alliance chains. The structured carbon footprint data elements and event records are organized in the form of Merkle Tree to form the main content of the block body, and are connected in series through Hash pointers to form an unalterable chain structure.

[0086] The network layer refers to the distributed network composed of server nodes. In the cement supply chain alliance chain network, there are four key node roles: business subject nodes, certificate authority nodes (CA), network administrator nodes (NA), and membership service provider nodes (MSP). Business subject nodes are the servers used by various participants in the carbon footprint data governance of the cement supply chain to join the blockchain network, including administrative departments at all levels, carbon emission responsible entities in various production and transportation links of the cement supply chain, and professional institutions that need to use carbon footprint data to provide services such as carbon finance and carbon auditing. Business subject nodes account for the largest proportion of the number of blockchain network nodes, and their core function is to deploy and execute smart contracts and consensus mechanisms to realize the carbon footprint data governance business function of the blockchain system. The main function of the CA node is to provide participants in the network with unique digital identity credentials, such as digital certificates or public keys, to ensure that the identity of each participant on the blockchain corresponds to the real entity, is verifiable and unique. At the same time, CA is also responsible for managing the life cycle of identity certificates, including issuance, revocation and renewal. The main function of the NA node is to provide technical support for the operation of the blockchain network, including defining and maintaining the technical standards and protocols of the blockchain, handling faults and network problems, monitoring system performance, etc., to ensure network security and stable system operation. The MSP node is mainly responsible for the role and authority management of network participants, and defines the members in the trust domain by identifying identity certificates. The distributed networks corresponding to each enterprise alliance chain and the distributed networks corresponding to the cement supply chain alliance chain are connected and transmitted by cross-chain nodes in the enterprise, so as to achieve controllable sharing of data while isolating the internal and external networks of the enterprise;

[0087] The consensus layer uses PBFT as the consensus mechanism of the alliance chain;

[0088] The smart contract layer includes established scripts that are deployed on distributed nodes and can be automatically executed. It is mainly used to support business execution and system security functions such as data on-chain, carbon emission accounting, cross-chain synchronization, data processing, retrieval query, and permission control.

[0089] The application layer refers to various distributed applications (DApps) for users. Based on the collection, aggregation and sorting of carbon footprint data elements on the blockchain, distributed applications support various carbon footprint data usage methods through data retrieval, query and acquisition, and realize the value of carbon footprint data governance based on the blockchain. Trustworthy, traceable and available carbon footprint data on the blockchain can provide data support for the application of administrative supervision mechanisms related to the ecological environment and the supply chain carbon emission reduction market coordination mechanism. Administrative departments, production departments, service agencies and consumer groups are the main users of data, and carbon trading accounting, carbon asset management, carbon footprint labeling, Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) reports, etc. are the main ways to capitalize data.

[0090] It should be noted that the life cycle of cement supply chain carbon footprint data on the multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture of cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance mainly includes the stages of data collection and chain-uploading, processing, storage, sharing, and utilization. The three types of data elements are transformed into each other during the life cycle, from collecting basic data from each enterprise and uploading it to calculating and generating unit data, to processing to form summary data, until the end, the entire life cycle of carbon footprint data elements on the chain that supports data application.

[0091] In step S203, the pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy is embedded in the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to monitor the data quality of core data elements.

[0092] In some embodiments, a pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy is embedded in the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to monitor the data quality of core data elements, including:

[0093] The cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy is embedded in the connection layer and blockchain layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture. The cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance methods include the on-chain data quality inspection method based on trusted oracles, the on-chain data quality monitoring method based on abnormal data identification, and the administrative verification method based on traceability retrieval.

[0094] Use the on-chain data quality inspection method based on a trusted oracle to collect basic data from the production information management system or external database to check whether the timeliness of core data elements is compliant, compare and authenticate the unstructured voucher file image information of manually collected data in the core data elements with the input information, perform threshold checks on the rationality of material usage data in the core data elements based on production experience, and perform structured processing and format checks on the core data elements;

[0095] Use the on-chain data quality monitoring method based on abnormal data identification to monitor the network status operation, identify and submit network nodes with abnormal frequencies and network channels with abnormal traffic, and regularly perform outlier checks on the unit data stored on the chain to verify the business rationality of carbon emissions;

[0096] By using the administrative verification method based on traceability retrieval, the hash value in the data structure on the traceability chain can be used to verify whether the data integrity is consistent with the original value, and all data processing operations can be traced back and verified through the transaction ID. It also allows government departments to access the enterprise alliance chain network to verify the collection and processing history of core data elements.

[0097] In the actual implementation process, Figure 5 As shown in the figure, for the data quality risk factors of single data source and multiple data sources, such as equipment factors in single data source (such as measurement errors of measuring equipment and failures of software and hardware equipment), human factors (such as improper measurement operation, data recording errors and malicious fabrication and tampering), external data factors (such as default value deviation, factor data authenticity), etc., data pattern factors in multiple data sources (such as inconsistent data structure), data instance factors (multi-source instance contradictions), etc., a cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance method is established in advance, which is divided into three parts: on-chain data quality inspection based on trusted oracle, on-chain data quality monitoring based on abnormal data identification, and administrative verification based on traceability retrieval.

[0098] An oracle is an entity that obtains data from the off-chain world and integrates it into the isolated execution environment of the blockchain. It can be hardware or software, or a centralized or decentralized solution. In the cement supply chain carbon footprint blockchain data governance scenario, a trusted oracle is used to ensure the quality of on-chain data and reduce data quality risks. Specifically, the oracle is used to perform four operations: calling the API interface to obtain basic data that can be collected informatized from the production information management system or external database, and checking whether the timeliness of the external database version is compliant; using image recognition technology to compare and authenticate the image information of the unstructured voucher file of manually collected data with the input information; based on production experience, a threshold check is performed on the rationality of some material usage data, such as coal consumption and electricity consumption per ton of clinker products; according to the data structure designed by the blockchain system, the basic data is structured and formatted, so as to avoid contradictions caused by inconsistent multi-source data models. The status of data processed by the oracle will be marked as "verified". When calling the on-chain smart contract, a command logic is set to "check whether the data has passed the oracle quality check". Only the data that passes this instruction can be packaged and uploaded to the chain, such as Figure 6 As shown in the figure. Since carbon emission data has externalities and government departments play a dominant role in the carbon footprint governance process, a centralized oracle is used, and the government departments are responsible for platform construction and technical maintenance.

[0099] For the carbon emission data that has been uploaded to the chain, on the one hand, the network status is monitored to see if it is running normally, with a focus on traffic monitoring, identifying network nodes with abnormal submission frequencies and network channels with abnormal traffic, so as to ensure the accessibility of the data on the chain. On the other hand, the unit data that has been stored on the chain is regularly tested for outliers through machine learning methods to verify the business rationality of carbon emissions. For cement production lines with stable process flows and normal operations, the ratio of direct carbon emissions caused by carbonate decomposition, direct carbon emissions caused by coal combustion, and indirect carbon emissions caused by electricity consumption should be close to stability and approximate to a normal distribution. The 3 Sigma (3σ principle) principle can be used to identify outliers based on the historical data of the production line.

[0100] Finally, for suspicious outliers, the data traceability and traceability features of blockchain technology are utilized to authorize government departments to trace and verify the basic data. First, the hash value in the on-chain data structure can verify the integrity of the data and its consistency with the original value. Secondly, in the design of this technical solution, all data processing operations are traced on the blockchain and can be traced and verified through the transaction ID. Thirdly, for the enterprise alliance chain, through the control of network access identity, government departments are allowed to access the enterprise alliance chain network as a regulatory node when necessary, and then verify the collection and processing history of basic data.

[0101] In step S204, the pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance strategy is embedded in the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of core data elements, and set the carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection plan based on the read and write permissions.

[0102] In some embodiments, a pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance strategy is embedded in the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of core data elements, and set the carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection scheme according to the read and write permissions, including:

[0103] The carbon footprint data privacy and security governance strategy of the cement supply chain is embedded in the data layer of the multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements, and generate a carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection plan based on the read and write permissions. The carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection plan includes the basic architecture design plan, identity authority management plan and data encryption management plan.

[0104] According to the basic architecture design, the supply chain alliance chain and the enterprise alliance chain are separated from each other, and data information is transmitted only through cross-chain nodes and cross-chain smart contracts. Enterprises are set to only share unit data with the supply chain alliance chain, and basic data is only retained in the enterprise alliance chain to form network isolation protection for basic data;

[0105] According to the identity authority management scheme, each relevant subject must register with real name before joining the blockchain alliance chain network as a node. When registering a node, the CA certificate is granted to control the read and write permissions of each relevant subject for various carbon footprint data elements. For data that requires a single access, the CA certificate authorizes the node to grant a joining period limit to the key, and the key will become invalid after the period expires.

[0106] Establish point-to-point data transmission between nodes based on the data encryption management solution.

[0107] In the actual implementation process, based on the design of the blockchain architecture and the relationship between related subjects, the read and write permissions of the core data elements of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data are defined, as shown in Table 2.

[0108] Table 2 Division of authority for carbon footprint data in cement supply chain

[0109]

[0110]

[0111] like Figure 7As shown, a carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection scheme is set according to read and write permissions, wherein the carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection scheme includes an architecture basic design scheme, an identity authority management scheme, and a data encryption management scheme.

[0112] The basic architecture design refers to the consideration of the need for privacy protection of basic data with high commercial sensitivity when designing the blockchain system architecture. On the one hand, the multi-chain structure is designed, and the supply chain alliance chain and the enterprise alliance chain are separated from each other, and data information is only transmitted through cross-chain nodes and cross-chain smart contracts. When the enterprise data is synchronized to the supply chain alliance chain, the conditional constraints of the cross-chain smart contract are used to prevent the leakage of unencrypted private data. On the other hand, the enterprise only shares the unit data to the supply chain alliance chain, and the basic data is only retained in the enterprise alliance chain, so as to form a network isolation protection for the basic data.

[0113] Identity and authority management involves three parts. First, each subject must register with real name before joining the blockchain alliance chain network as a node. Network access control can reduce the possibility of malicious nodes based on real-world identities. Secondly, the data permissions of each subject are divided based on the node identity. This is done by granting a CA certificate (CertificateAuthority) when registering a node to control the read and write permissions of each subject for various carbon footprint data elements. Third, for data that requires a single access, the certificate authorization node grants a time limit to the key, and the key becomes invalid after the time limit is exceeded.

[0114] Data encryption management is mainly aimed at unit data. According to the data authority allocation in the previous section, the administrative department has full read authority over the unit data of the production enterprise, while other production enterprises and service agencies need to be granted authority to obtain the unit data of the designated production enterprise. This process uses an asymmetric encryption algorithm (RSA algorithm) to achieve point-to-point data transmission of unit data between nodes. The RSA algorithm is a commonly used asymmetric encryption algorithm. Its principle is as follows Figure 8 As shown: First generate a public-private key pair<P_a,S_a> , the public key P_a is visible to the whole network, while the private key S_a is only owned by the data receiver A. The data sender encrypts the original data with A's public key P_a to form a ciphertext and uploads it to the blockchain. The data receiver A obtains the ciphertext and decrypts it with the private key S_a to obtain the plaintext. The plaintext is processed with the hash algorithm (hash algorithm) and compared with the hash value of the original text. If the two are consistent, the point-to-point transmission of data is completed.

[0115] In summary, the blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method proposed in the embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0116] (1) In view of the management pain points of traditional management methods for carbon footprint data governance in the cement supply chain in terms of data quality and data flow, blockchain technology is introduced as a data governance tool, which can establish a carbon emission collaborative management method system from the cement supply chain level, and establish data co-governance and emission reduction collaboration in a carbon control environment where carbon footprints flow along the cement supply chain with intermediate products. Compared with the existing carbon emission control methods that mainly act on independent production links, the embodiments of the present invention use blockchain technology to enable carbon emission reduction at the supply chain level to achieve better synergy and integrity;

[0117] (2) The embodiment of the present invention starts from the perspective of data governance and grasps the underlying logic of data supporting carbon emission management. In view of the characteristics of multi-source heterogeneity, multi-party co-governance, and difficulty in value assetization of carbon footprint data in the cement supply chain, the decentralized and tamper-proof functional characteristics of blockchain technology are deeply integrated to build a blockchain-based carbon footprint data governance system. Compared with traditional management methods, it can greatly improve the reliability, traceability, accessibility and controllability of carbon footprint data in the cement supply chain, thereby forming effective data support for carbon emission reduction mechanisms and laying the foundation for carbon footprint data value mining and data product development;

[0118] (3) The constructed blockchain data governance system deeply matches the subject, data, and management demand characteristics of cement supply chain carbon footprint governance, and can lay the foundation for the real promotion and application in practice in the future. Different from the design of the general supply chain management blockchain architecture, the embodiment of the present invention takes into account the dominant position of government departments and the need for data co-governance in a decentralized governance network, which is more in line with the carbon footprint data governance scenario of my country's cement supply chain. In addition, the existing carbon emission management methods based on blockchain technology all use the "carbon emissions" data of intermediate products or production activities as the unit of chain record, while the embodiment of the present invention deconstructs the carbon footprint elements and extracts basic data, unit data, and summary data as core data elements. Through element deconstruction, each link of data acquisition, storage, circulation, and use is distinguished and controlled by authority. In particular, uploading the carbon footprint unit data with emission sources as the accounting unit to the supply chain alliance chain is more conducive to the modular management and application of carbon footprint data. There are many ways to aggregate and use carbon footprint data. Using unit data as a "module" can improve the flexibility of data management and use while achieving orderly data sorting, making it easier for administrative departments to grasp the structural changes in the sources of carbon emissions in the cement supply chain, clarify the key paths for carbon emission reduction, and support more targeted collaborative emission reduction strategies. It can also support the development of diversified data products and provide more detailed data support for the market mechanisms of carbon trading, carbon finance, and ESG reporting.

[0119] (4) The method for ensuring the quality of carbon footprint data on the chain proposed in the embodiment of the present invention simultaneously ensures the data privacy and security of relevant entities in the cement supply chain, and provides the necessary prerequisite guarantee for the safe and effective implementation of the carbon footprint data governance method based on blockchain. The proposed data quality assurance method fully combines technical means and practical experience in cement supply chain production activities and carbon emission management. It not only reduces the risk of low-quality data storage on the chain through data preprocessing, verification and structuring at the source of the chain data, but also establishes a long-term data quality spot check and monitoring mechanism, combining technical and administrative management means to improve the efficiency of discovering, tracing and verifying abnormal carbon footprint data. The proposed data privacy and security governance scheme is targeted at the information characteristics of cement carbon footprint data and the authority allocation of relevant stakeholders. It can ensure the privacy and security of data while realizing efficient sharing of carbon footprint data based on blockchain technology, thereby controlling the systemic risks of data governance;

[0120] (5) The embodiment of the present invention integrates the approach and goal of cement supply chain carbon footprint data assetization into each key technical link, such as the deconstruction of data elements, blockchain architecture design, and data governance system construction. Unlike other blockchain-based supply chain management research that mainly focuses on the recording and traceability of data information, the embodiment of the present invention constructs a technical solution with the needs of data use and data value mining as the goal orientation. In response to the data requirements for supporting key emission reduction mechanisms, identifying carbon labels, carbon trading, and carbon emission responsibility allocation as approaches to assetizing the value of cement supply chain carbon footprint data will help improve the sustainability of blockchain technology applications and realize the carbon emission reduction control function and value realization of carbon footprint data governance.

[0121] Secondly, a cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance device based on blockchain proposed according to an embodiment of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0122] Fig. 9 It is a block diagram of a cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance device based on blockchain according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0123] like Fig. 9 As shown, the blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance device 90 includes: a determination module 901, a construction module 902, a data monitoring module 903 and a privacy protection module 904.

[0124] Among them, the determination module 901 is used to determine the core data elements of the cement supply chain carbon footprint according to the carbon emission accounting guidelines and standard specifications. The construction module 902 is used to construct a multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance based on the core data elements. The data monitoring module 903 is used to embed the pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy into the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to monitor the data quality of the core data elements. The privacy protection module 904 is used to embed the pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy security governance strategy into the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements, and set the carbon footprint data information privacy security protection plan according to the read and write permissions.

[0125] In some embodiments, the core data elements include basic data, unit data, and summary data, wherein:

[0126] The original carbon emission data collected directly or indirectly is the basic data;

[0127] Directly or indirectly process basic data using carbon emission sources as accounting units to obtain unit data;

[0128] Calculate and summarize basic data or unit data according to preset usage requirements to obtain summary data.

[0129] In some embodiments, the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture includes:

[0130] Supply chain layer, which is used to identify the production activities, all stakeholders, physical building materials from raw materials to intermediate products to final products, and the corresponding business processes at each link in the cement supply chain;

[0131] The connection layer is used to collect the carbon footprint data of the cement supply chain at the supply chain layer and transmit the carbon footprint data of the cement supply chain to the blockchain layer;

[0132] Blockchain layer, the blockchain layer includes data layer, network layer, consensus layer and smart contract layer, among which,

[0133] The data layer consists of a supply chain alliance chain and several enterprise alliance chains, which are used to convert the carbon footprint data of the cement supply chain into a Merkle tree format for storage in data blocks, and connect the data blocks in series through hash pointers to form an unalterable chain structure;

[0134] The network layer includes business subject nodes, certificate authority nodes, network administrator nodes, and member service provider nodes. Among them, business subject nodes are used to deploy and execute smart contracts and consensus mechanisms, certificate authority nodes are used to provide participants with unique digital identity credentials and are responsible for managing the life cycle of identity certificates, network administrator nodes are used to provide technical support for the operation of blockchain networks, and member service provider nodes are responsible for the role and authority management of network participants;

[0135] The consensus layer is used to coordinate consensus among nodes and ensure data consistency;

[0136] Smart contract layer, used to execute business activities such as data on-chain, carbon emission accounting, cross-chain synchronization, data processing, retrieval query and permission control;

[0137] Application layer: The application layer is used to provide users with a variety of distributed applications to govern the value exchange of carbon footprint data.

[0138] In some embodiments, the data monitoring module includes:

[0139] The first embedding unit is used to embed the cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy into the connection layer and blockchain layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture, wherein the cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance method includes an on-chain data quality inspection method based on a trusted oracle, an on-chain data quality monitoring method based on abnormal data identification, and an administrative verification method based on traceability retrieval;

[0140] The quality inspection unit is used to collect basic data from the production information management system or external database using the on-chain data quality inspection method based on a trusted oracle to check whether the timeliness of core data elements is compliant, and to compare and authenticate the unstructured voucher file image information of manually collected data in the core data elements with the input information, perform threshold checks on the rationality of material usage data in the core data elements based on production experience, and perform structured processing and format checks on the core data elements;

[0141] Verification unit, used to monitor the network status operation using the on-chain data quality monitoring method based on abnormal data identification, to identify and submit network nodes with abnormal frequencies and network channels with abnormal traffic, and to regularly perform outlier checks on the unit data already stored on the chain to verify the business rationality of carbon emissions;

[0142] The verification unit is used to use the hash value in the data structure on the traceability chain based on traceability retrieval to verify whether the data integrity is consistent with the original value, and to trace and verify all data processing operations through the transaction ID, and allow government departments to access the enterprise alliance chain network to verify the collection and processing history of core data elements.

[0143] In some embodiments, the privacy protection module includes:

[0144] The second embedding unit is used to embed the cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy security governance strategy into the data layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of core data elements, and generate a carbon footprint data information privacy security protection plan based on the read and write permissions, where the carbon footprint data information privacy security protection plan includes an architecture basic design plan, an identity authority management plan, and a data encryption management plan;

[0145] The network isolation unit is used to separate the supply chain alliance chain from the enterprise alliance chain according to the basic architecture design plan, and transmit data information only through cross-chain nodes and cross-chain smart contracts. The enterprise is set to only share unit data with the supply chain alliance chain, and the basic data is only retained in the enterprise alliance chain to form network isolation protection for the basic data;

[0146] The authority management unit is used to set the identity authority management scheme so that each relevant subject can join the blockchain alliance chain network as a node only after real-name registration. When registering a node, the CA certificate is granted to control the read and write permissions of each relevant subject for various carbon footprint data elements. For data that requires a single access, the CA certificate authorizes the node to grant a joining period limit to the key, and the key becomes invalid after the period expires.

[0147] A transmission unit is established to establish point-to-point data transmission of unit data between nodes according to a data encryption management solution.

[0148] In some embodiments, the second embedded unit includes:

[0149] The embedding subunit is used to embed the privacy and security governance method of cement supply chain carbon footprint data into the data layer of the multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture of cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance.

[0150] The first definition sub-unit is used to define the carbon emission responsible enterprise's permission to basic data as readable and writable, define the carbon emission responsible enterprise's permission to unit data as readable and writable, and define the carbon emission responsible enterprise's permission to summary data as readable and writable;

[0151] The second definition sub-unit is used to define the production enterprise's permission to basic data as unreadable and unwritable, to define the production enterprise's permission to unit data as authorized to read but not write, and to define the production enterprise's permission to summary data as authorized to read and write;

[0152] The third definition subunit is used to define the service agency's authority over basic data as unreadable and unwritable, define the service agency's authority over unit data as authorized readable but not writable, and define the service agency's authority over summary data as authorized readable and writable;

[0153] The fourth definition sub-unit is used to define the administrative department's authority over basic data as authorized to read but not write, define the administrative department's authority over unit data as readable but not writable, and define the administrative department's authority over summary data as readable and writable.

[0154] It should be noted that the aforementioned explanation of the embodiment of the blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method is also applicable to the blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance device of this embodiment, and will not be repeated here.

[0155] The cement supply chain carbon footprint data management device based on blockchain proposed in an embodiment of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0156] (1) In view of the management pain points of traditional management methods for carbon footprint data governance in the cement supply chain in terms of data quality and data flow, blockchain technology is introduced as a data governance tool, which can establish a carbon emission collaborative management method system from the cement supply chain level, and establish data co-governance and emission reduction collaboration in a carbon control environment where carbon footprints flow along the cement supply chain with intermediate products. Compared with the existing carbon emission control methods that mainly act on independent production links, the embodiments of the present invention use blockchain technology to enable carbon emission reduction at the supply chain level to achieve better synergy and integrity;

[0157] (2) The embodiment of the present invention starts from the perspective of data governance and grasps the underlying logic of data supporting carbon emission management. In view of the characteristics of multi-source heterogeneity, multi-party co-governance, and difficulty in value assetization of carbon footprint data in the cement supply chain, the decentralized and tamper-proof functional characteristics of blockchain technology are deeply integrated to build a blockchain-based carbon footprint data governance system. Compared with traditional management methods, it can greatly improve the reliability, traceability, accessibility and controllability of carbon footprint data in the cement supply chain, thereby forming effective data support for carbon emission reduction mechanisms and laying the foundation for carbon footprint data value mining and data product development;

[0158] (3) The constructed blockchain data governance system deeply matches the subject, data, and management demand characteristics of cement supply chain carbon footprint governance, and can lay the foundation for the real promotion and application in practice in the future. Different from the design of the general supply chain management blockchain architecture, the embodiment of the present invention takes into account the dominant position of government departments and the need for data co-governance in a decentralized governance network, which is more in line with the carbon footprint data governance scenario of my country's cement supply chain. In addition, the existing carbon emission management methods based on blockchain technology all use the "carbon emissions" data of intermediate products or production activities as the unit of chain record, while the embodiment of the present invention deconstructs the carbon footprint elements and extracts basic data, unit data, and summary data as core data elements. Through element deconstruction, each link of data acquisition, storage, circulation, and use is distinguished and controlled by authority. In particular, uploading the carbon footprint unit data with emission sources as the accounting unit to the supply chain alliance chain is more conducive to the modular management and application of carbon footprint data. There are many ways to aggregate and use carbon footprint data. Using unit data as a "module" can improve the flexibility of data management and use while achieving orderly data sorting, making it easier for administrative departments to grasp the structural changes in the sources of carbon emissions in the cement supply chain, clarify the key paths for carbon emission reduction, and support more targeted collaborative emission reduction strategies. It can also support the development of diversified data products and provide more detailed data support for the market mechanisms of carbon trading, carbon finance, and ESG reporting.

[0159] (4) The method for ensuring the quality of carbon footprint data on the chain proposed in the embodiment of the present invention simultaneously ensures the data privacy and security of relevant entities in the cement supply chain, and provides the necessary prerequisite guarantee for the safe and effective implementation of the carbon footprint data governance method based on blockchain. The proposed data quality assurance method fully combines technical means and practical experience in cement supply chain production activities and carbon emission management. It not only reduces the risk of low-quality data storage on the chain through data preprocessing, verification and structuring at the source of the chain data, but also establishes a long-term data quality spot check and monitoring mechanism, combining technical and administrative management means to improve the efficiency of discovering, tracing and verifying abnormal carbon footprint data. The proposed data privacy and security governance scheme is targeted at the information characteristics of cement carbon footprint data and the authority allocation of relevant stakeholders. It can ensure the privacy and security of data while realizing efficient sharing of carbon footprint data based on blockchain technology, thereby controlling the systemic risks of data governance;

[0160] (5) The embodiment of the present invention integrates the approach and goal of cement supply chain carbon footprint data assetization into each key technical link, such as the deconstruction of data elements, blockchain architecture design, and data governance system construction. Unlike other blockchain-based supply chain management research that mainly focuses on the recording and traceability of data information, the embodiment of the present invention constructs a technical solution with the needs of data use and data value mining as the goal orientation. In response to the data requirements for supporting key emission reduction mechanisms, identifying carbon labels, carbon trading, and carbon emission responsibility allocation as approaches to assetizing the value of cement supply chain carbon footprint data will help improve the sustainability of blockchain technology applications and realize the carbon emission reduction control function and value realization of carbon footprint data governance.

[0161] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The electronic device may include:

[0162] A memory 1001 , a processor 1002 , and a computer program stored in the memory 1001 and executable on the processor 1002 .

[0163] When processor 1002 executes the program, it implements the blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method provided in the above embodiment.

[0164] Furthermore, the electronic device further comprises:

[0165] The communication interface 1003 is used for communication between the memory 1001 and the processor 1002 .

[0166] The memory 1001 is used to store computer programs that can be executed on the processor 1002 .

[0167] The memory 1001 may include a high-speed RAM memory, and may also include a non-volatile memory (non-volatile memory), such as at least one disk memory.

[0168] If the memory 1001, the processor 1002 and the communication interface 1003 are implemented independently, the communication interface 1003, the memory 1001 and the processor 1002 can be connected to each other through a bus and communicate with each other. The bus can be an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, a Peripheral Component (PCI) bus or an Extended Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus. The bus can be divided into an address bus, a data bus, a control bus, etc. For ease of representation, Fig.10Only one thick line is used in the diagram, but this does not mean that there is only one bus or only one type of bus.

[0169] Optionally, in a specific implementation, if the memory 1001, the processor 1002 and the communication interface 1003 are integrated on a chip, the memory 1001, the processor 1002 and the communication interface 1003 can communicate with each other through an internal interface.

[0170] The processor 1002 may be a central processing unit (CPU), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement the embodiments of the present invention.

[0171] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer program product, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method.

[0172] An embodiment of the present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a processor, implements the above-mentioned blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method.

[0173] In the description of this specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" etc. means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or N embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0174] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "N" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0175] Any process or method description in a flowchart or otherwise described herein may be understood to represent a module, fragment or portion of code comprising one or N executable instructions for implementing the steps of a custom logical function or process, and the scope of the preferred embodiments of the present invention includes alternative implementations in which functions may not be performed in the order shown or discussed, including performing functions in a substantially simultaneous manner or in reverse order depending on the functions involved, which should be understood by technicians in the technical field to which the embodiments of the present invention belong.

[0176] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purpose of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in combination with these instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection with one or N wirings (electronic devices), a portable computer disk box (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a fiber optic device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically by optically scanning the paper or other medium and then editing, interpreting or processing in other suitable ways as necessary and then storing it in a computer memory.

[0177] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above embodiment, the N steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. If implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one of the following technologies known in the art or their combination: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0178] A person skilled in the art may understand that all or part of the steps in the method for implementing the above-mentioned embodiment may be completed by instructing related hardware through a program, and the program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which, when executed, includes one or a combination of the steps of the method embodiment.

[0179] In addition, each functional unit in each embodiment of the present invention may be integrated into a processing module, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one module. The above-mentioned integrated module may be implemented in the form of hardware or in the form of a software functional module. If the integrated module is implemented in the form of a software functional module and sold or used as an independent product, it may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium.

[0180] The storage medium mentioned above may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk or an optical disk, etc. Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. A person of ordinary skill in the art may change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method based on blockchain, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Determine the core data elements of the cement supply chain carbon footprint according to the carbon emission accounting guidelines and standard specifications; Construct a multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance based on the core data elements; Embed the pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy into the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to monitor the data quality of the core data elements; The pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance strategy is embedded in the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements, and set the carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection plan based on the read and write permissions.

2. The method for managing carbon footprint data of cement supply chain based on blockchain according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The core data elements include basic data, unit data and summary data, among which: The original carbon emission data collected directly or indirectly is the basic data; Directly or indirectly processing the basic data using the carbon emission source as the accounting unit to obtain the unit data; The basic data or the unit data are calculated and summarized according to preset usage requirements to obtain the summary data.

3. The method for managing carbon footprint data of cement supply chain based on blockchain according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance includes: The supply chain layer is used to identify the production activities, all stakeholders, physical building materials from raw materials to intermediate products to final products, and the corresponding business processes at each link in the cement supply chain; A connection layer, the connection layer is used to collect the cement supply chain carbon footprint data at the supply chain layer, and transmit the cement supply chain carbon footprint data to the blockchain layer; The blockchain layer includes a data layer, a network layer, a consensus layer, and a smart contract layer, wherein: The data layer is composed of a supply chain alliance chain and a plurality of enterprise alliance chains, and is used to convert the cement supply chain carbon footprint data into a Merkle tree format for storage in data blocks, and to connect the data blocks in series through hash pointers to form an unalterable chain structure; The network layer includes business subject nodes, certificate authority nodes, network administrator nodes and member service provider nodes, wherein the business subject nodes are used to deploy and execute smart contracts and consensus mechanisms, the certificate authority nodes are used to provide participants with unique digital identity credentials and are responsible for managing the life cycle of identity certificates, the network administrator nodes are used to provide technical support for the operation of the blockchain network, and the member service provider nodes are responsible for the role and authority management of network participants; The consensus layer is used to coordinate consensus among nodes and ensure data consistency; The smart contract layer is used to perform data on-chain, carbon emission accounting, cross-chain synchronization, data processing, retrieval query and authority control business activities; The application layer is used to provide users with a variety of distributed applications to exchange the governance value of the carbon footprint data.

4. The method for managing carbon footprint data of cement supply chain based on blockchain according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy is embedded in the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to monitor the data quality of the core data elements, including: The cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy is embedded in the connection layer and blockchain layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture, wherein the cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance method includes an on-chain data quality inspection method based on a trusted oracle, an on-chain data quality monitoring method based on abnormal data identification, and an administrative verification method based on traceability retrieval; The basic data of the production information management system or external database is collected by using the on-chain data quality inspection method based on the trusted oracle to check whether the timeliness of the core data elements is compliant, and the unstructured voucher file image information of the manually collected data in the core data elements is compared and authenticated with the input information, the rationality of the material usage data in the core data elements is checked by threshold value based on production experience, and the core data elements are structured and formatted; The on-chain data quality monitoring method based on abnormal data identification is used to monitor the network status operation, so as to identify and submit network nodes with abnormal frequencies and network channels with abnormal traffic, and to regularly perform abnormal value inspections on the unit data stored on the chain to verify the business rationality of carbon emissions; By using the administrative verification method based on traceability retrieval to trace the hash value in the data structure on the chain, it is possible to verify whether the integrity of the data is consistent with the original value, and to trace and verify all data processing operations through the transaction ID, and to allow government departments to access the enterprise alliance chain network to verify the collection and processing history records of the core data elements.

5. The method for managing cement supply chain carbon footprint data based on blockchain according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance strategy is embedded in the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements, and set the carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection scheme according to the read and write permissions, including: The cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance strategy is embedded in the data layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements, and generate the carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection scheme based on the read and write permissions, wherein the carbon footprint data information privacy and security protection scheme includes an architecture basic design scheme, an identity authority management scheme, and a data encryption management scheme; According to the basic design scheme of the architecture, the supply chain alliance chain and the enterprise alliance chain are separated from each other, and data information is transmitted only through cross-chain nodes and cross-chain smart contracts. The enterprise is set to share only unit data to the supply chain alliance chain, and the basic data is only retained in the enterprise alliance chain to form network isolation protection for the basic data; According to the identity authority management scheme, each relevant subject must register with real name before joining the blockchain alliance chain network as a node. When registering a node, the CA certificate is granted to control the read and write permissions of each relevant subject for various carbon footprint data elements. For data that requires a single access, the CA certificate authorizes the node to grant a joining period limit to the key, and the key becomes invalid after the period expires. Point-to-point data transmission between nodes is established based on the data encryption management solution.

6. The method for managing carbon footprint data of cement supply chain based on blockchain according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The method for privacy and security governance of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data is embedded in the data layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements, including: The cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy and security governance method is embedded in the data layer of the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture, Define the carbon emission responsible enterprise's authority to the basic data as readable and writable, define the carbon emission responsible enterprise's authority to the unit data as readable and writable, and define the carbon emission responsible enterprise's authority to the summary data as readable and writable; Define the authority of the production enterprise to the basic data as unreadable and unwritable, define the authority of the production enterprise to the unit data as authorized readable but not writable, and define the authority of the production enterprise to the summary data as authorized readable and writable; Define the service agency's authority over the basic data as unreadable and unwritable, define the service agency's authority over the unit data as authorized readable but not writable, and define the service agency's authority over the summary data as authorized readable and writable; The administrative department's authority over the basic data is defined as authorized to read but not write, the administrative department's authority over the unit data is defined as readable but not writable, and the administrative department's authority over the summary data is defined as readable and writable.

7. A cement supply chain carbon footprint data management device based on blockchain, characterized in that: include: Identification module for determining the core data elements of the cement supply chain carbon footprint according to the carbon emission accounting guidelines and standard specifications; A construction module for constructing a multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture for cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance based on the core data elements; A data monitoring module, for embedding a pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data quality assurance strategy into the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to perform data quality monitoring on the core data elements; The privacy protection module is used to embed the pre-built cement supply chain carbon footprint data privacy security governance strategy into the cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance multi-chain hybrid blockchain architecture to define the read and write permissions of the core data elements and set the carbon footprint data information privacy security protection plan according to the read and write permissions.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that: include: A memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor executes the program to implement the blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method as described in any one of claims 1 to 6.

9. A computer program product, characterized in that When the computer program / instructions are executed by the processor, the blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method as described in any one of claims 1-6 is implemented.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: The program is executed by a processor to implement the blockchain-based cement supply chain carbon footprint data governance method as described in any one of claims 1-6.

Images