A digital management method and system for the whole process of drilling based on BIM+GIS technology

Abstract

The present invention relates to the cross - field of engineering geological exploration and informatization technology, and particularly relates to a full - process digital management method and system for boreholes based on BIM + GIS technology. The present invention constructs a three - dimensional visualization environment based on BIM models, GIS data, and geological basic data, arranges boreholes in combination with national engineering exploration standards, collects and accepts the obtained actual borehole data based on a mobile - end program, inputs the borehole layout information and actual borehole data into the borehole data structure standard library, generates a histogram using the borehole data standard library, and finally displays the boreholes and borehole data based on the three - dimensional visualization environment, which can solve the problems of low borehole layout efficiency, unreasonable borehole schemes, low data collection efficiency and high error rate, and low degree of structuring of borehole data in the prior art; on the other hand, the present invention constructs a digital collaborative platform, reduces the lag and distortion of information transmission, and promotes information sharing.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the intersection of engineering geological survey and information technology, and in particular to a drilling full-process digital management method and system based on BIM+GIS technology. Background Art

[0002] Geological drilling survey is a crucial link in the field of engineering construction. Its purpose is to find out the geological conditions and provide the necessary geological basis for engineering design, construction and operation. However, there are still many deficiencies in the digitalization and intelligence of geological drilling survey, which seriously restricts the survey efficiency and engineering quality.

[0003] The limitations of traditional geological drilling survey methods are reflected in many aspects: the layout of boreholes is overly dependent on manual experience, and surveyors need to plan and mark on paper maps, which is not only inefficient, but also prone to unreasonable borehole layout plans due to subjective judgment, and it is difficult to fully consider the impact of topography, geological structure and existing buildings and structures; on-site acceptance and data collection mainly rely on paper records, and manual filling out of forms and hand-drawing are time-consuming and laborious, prone to typos and omissions, and paper materials are not easy to save, retrieve and statistically analyze, forming information islands; the data is poorly structured and difficult to use directly for computer analysis and application. Even digital entry requires a lot of manual sorting and conversion, which is inefficient and error-prone; information transmission is delayed, and survey results are difficult to share in a timely manner, resulting in coordination difficulties and decision-making errors in various links; the results are mainly expressed in paper reports and drawings, lacking three-dimensional visualization capabilities, and unable to intuitively display geological conditions, making it difficult to meet the growing demand for refined and intelligent geological information in engineering construction.

[0004] Although most units in the existing technology have adopted CAD for drawing, when drawing the drilling column chart, the paper drilling data still needs to be re-entered into the relevant software, and the generated column chart is usually not fully automated, requiring a lot of manual adjustment, and the work efficiency is still low; although some mobile APPs can realize on-site data collection, the data is poorly structured and lacks effective data verification functions, making it difficult to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the collected data; at the same time, the existing technology generally lacks a full-process digital management system, and information in each link is difficult to share and transmit. There is a lack of deep integration with the BIM model, and it is impossible to make full use of the structural information and spatial information in the BIM model for more accurate geological analysis and application. The overall degree of intelligence and automation is low, and it is difficult to meet the needs of modern engineering construction for efficient, accurate and intelligent geological surveys.

[0005] On the other hand, the prior art discloses an intelligent display system for exploration results based on GIS + BIM (Publication No.: CN116304152A), which relates to the field of exploration result display, including a borehole data acquisition module, an engineering location display module, an exploration point and status display module, an exploration point borehole details display module, a two- and three-dimensional geology display module, and a bedrock contour line display module. The borehole exploration result data is imported and standardized through a data acquisition tool for unified management, and then through GIS visualization technology, exploration details such as engineering lines, station intervals, work point locations, borehole locations and status are displayed on the information base maps of real-world landforms, urban structures, etc., and a two- and three-dimensional geological section of the engineering location is generated by linking with the geological body BIM model. Although the present invention solves the problem of data structuring and standardization to a certain extent, there are still problems such as low borehole layout efficiency, unreasonable borehole schemes, low data acquisition efficiency, and low degree of structuring of borehole data. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to overcome the problems in the prior art such as low borehole layout efficiency, unreasonable borehole schemes, low data acquisition efficiency and high error rate, and low degree of structuring of borehole data, and to provide a full-process digital management method and system for boreholes based on BIM + GIS technology.

[0007] On the one hand, the present invention provides a full-process digital management method for boreholes based on BIM + GIS technology, specifically including the following steps:

[0008] S1. Construct a three-dimensional visualization environment by combining a BIM model, GIS data, and geological basic data;

[0009] S2. Based on the three-dimensional visualization environment constructed in S1 and in combination with national engineering exploration standards, conduct borehole layout, and perform actual borehole operations according to the borehole layout;

[0010] S3. Based on a mobile application, collect and accept the data of the actual boreholes;

[0011] S4. Enter the information of the borehole layout and the data of the actual boreholes into a borehole data structure standard library;

[0012] S5. Generate a borehole histogram using the borehole data structure standard library;

[0013] S6. Display the data of the actual boreholes in the three-dimensional visualization environment.

[0014] Through the high-precision integration of the BIM model and GIS data, a three-dimensional real scene containing the BIM model, topography, and geological information is constructed, enabling surveyors to conduct multi-factor comprehensive analysis under a unified spatial framework, greatly enhancing the scientificity and rationality of borehole layout, avoiding the unreasonable borehole layout problem caused by subjective judgment, and laying a solid foundation for subsequent precise exploration.

[0015] Preferably, the geological basic data required in S1 includes regional geological maps, tectonic outline maps, active fault distribution maps, and historical borehole data.

[0016] Preferably, the borehole layout in S2 is specifically to construct an automated borehole layout process, including the following steps:

[0017] S21. Extract the requirements related to borehole layout in the national engineering survey standards, specifically including borehole location requirements, borehole depth requirements, borehole quantity requirements, and borehole layout requirements under special geological conditions;

[0018] S22. Digitalize the requirements related to borehole layout and input them into the rule library;

[0019] S23. Read the GIS data and the geological basic data, and generate borehole candidate points based on the rule library;

[0020] S24. Optimize the borehole positions of the borehole candidate points through spatial conflict detection and terrain adaptability adjustment, and adjust the depths of the boreholes based on the rule library to obtain optimized borehole points;

[0021] S25. Display the optimized borehole points in the three-dimensional visualization environment as a preliminary layout plan;

[0022] Among them, inputting the requirements related to borehole layout into the rule library and digitalizing them can significantly improve the efficiency of borehole layout; compared with the low efficiency of manual borehole layout and the difficulty in coping with the large number of borehole requirements of complex engineering projects, the present invention digitalizes the engineering survey specifications and converts them into executable rules, combines the BIM model information, realizes the automated layout of boreholes, greatly improves the borehole layout efficiency, saves labor costs, and enables surveyors to devote more energy to the analysis and judgment of complex geological conditions.

[0023] Further preferably, the quantity of the optimized borehole points is controlled by setting a density threshold, and if the density threshold is exceeded, the optimized borehole points are deleted.

[0024] Further preferably, after the automated borehole layout process, it also includes manual verification and optimization adjustment.

[0025] Preferably, in S3, the drilling data is specifically collected through a structured data entry interface, and the OCR technology is integrated to convert the drilling record image into structured data. Meanwhile, the actual drilling data entered is verified in real time, and finally, the actual drilling data processed by the mobile application is synchronized to the data center;

[0026] Paperless on-site data collection and acceptance are carried out based on a mobile application, which specifically includes a data collection module and an image recognition module, ensuring data quality and collection efficiency. Compared with the traditional paper record method, which is error-prone, difficult to store, and has a lag in transmission, the present invention realizes paperless operation by carrying out on-site data collection and acceptance through a mobile application, not only improving the data collection efficiency, but also effectively avoiding data entry errors through the built-in data verification mechanism, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data. In particular, the integrated image recognition module can automatically identify the original drilling records and convert the image information into structured data, greatly reducing the workload of manual entry and increasing the data collection efficiency by 40%.

[0027] Preferably, in S4, the drilling data structure standard library standardizes the information of the drilling layout and the actual drilling data. The stratigraphic age symbols in the information of the drilling layout and the actual drilling data are derived from the stratigraphic age symbol library, and the lithology patterns in the information of the drilling layout and the actual drilling data are derived from the stratigraphic lithology pattern library, providing standardized data for generating a drilling columnar chart in S5;

[0028] Among them, a unified drilling data structure standard library is constructed by entering the information of the drilling layout and the data obtained from the actual drilling. The unified drilling data structure standard library can provide standardized and normalized data for subsequent drilling data collection, processing, analysis, and result expression, ensuring the consistency, accuracy, and interoperability of the data, thereby improving the data utilization efficiency and result quality. At the same time, the unified drilling data structure standard library also helps to generate a columnar chart subsequently.

[0029] Preferably, generating a drilling columnar chart in S5 requires dynamic layout of the lithology columnar chart module, the standard penetration blow count module, and the groundwater level module. Specifically, according to the priorities of the lithology columnar chart module, the standard penetration blow count module, and the groundwater level module, the widths of each module are adjusted. If the total width of the modules is insufficient, it is stretched to the maximum width according to the importance of the module. If the total width of the modules exceeds, it is reduced to the minimum width according to the priority of the module;

[0030] Automatically generating a borehole columnar diagram based on structured data has significantly improved the efficiency of result output. Compared with the time-consuming and laborious traditional manual drawing of columnar diagrams, which is also difficult to ensure standardization and normalization, the present invention realizes the structured storage and management of borehole data by establishing a unified data structure standard. Based on the structured data, an intelligent mapping engine is developed, which can automatically generate borehole columnar diagrams, greatly reducing the manual drawing workload, improving the result output efficiency, saving 80% of the mapping time, and ensuring the standardization and aesthetics of the columnar diagrams. At the same time, the present invention allows users to customize the drawing frame template and data module selection, realizing the personalization and flexibility of result expression. Compared with the fixed format of traditional columnar diagrams, which is difficult to meet the needs of different users, the present invention allows users to customize the drawing frame template and flexibly control the content and style of the columnar diagram by selecting different data modules, so as to meet the personalized needs of different projects and users, and improve the flexibility and adaptability of result expression.

[0031] Preferably, in S6, the data of the actual borehole is displayed in the three-dimensional visualization environment, where there is a profile analysis and a data filtering.

[0032] The profile analysis projects the borehole strata onto the profile diagram by customizing the profile path and generates a geological profile in combination with the terrain data.

[0033] The data filtering screens and highlights the target boreholes according to the borehole type, depth range or lithology keywords.

[0034] Viewing the borehole data in three dimensions and displaying it in the three-dimensional visualization environment improves the ability to understand and analyze geological information. Compared with the traditional two-dimensional columnar diagram, it is difficult to intuitively display the spatial distribution characteristics of geological bodies. The present invention uses the BIM+GIS platform to display the borehole data in the form of three-dimensional cylinders and distinguishes the strata by color, so as to more intuitively display the geological situation, facilitate users to understand geological information from the perspective of three-dimensional space, and support operations such as clicking, querying, and profile analysis on the boreholes, greatly improving the ability to understand and analyze geological information.

[0035] On the other hand, the present invention provides a full-process digital management system for boreholes based on BIM+GIS technology, which is characterized by including the following modules:

[0036] Three-dimensional environment module: used to import and register the BIM model, the GIS data, and the geological basic data to generate the three-dimensional visualization environment.

[0037] Rule storage module: used to store the requirements related to borehole layout in the national engineering investigation standards, and at the same time store the data structure standard library of the actual borehole, the stratigraphic age symbol library, and the stratigraphic lithology pattern library.

[0038] Mobile data acquisition module: Integrating OCR technology and structured verification to collect and verify the data of the actual boreholes;

[0039] Histogram generation module: Parsing a custom template, dynamically typesetting the lithology histogram module, the standard penetration blow count module, and the groundwater level module, and filling in lithology patterns;

[0040] Visual analysis module: Displaying borehole models in the 3D visualization environment, supporting functions such as click query, profile generation, and data filtering;

[0041] Data center module: Managing the data of the actual boreholes based on a relational database, providing API interfaces for interaction with external systems;

[0042] By establishing a digital management system for the entire process of boreholes based on BIM+GIS technology, information sharing and collaborative work are promoted. Compared with the traditional borehole exploration where it is difficult to share and transfer information in each link, resulting in difficulties in collaborative work among different departments, the present invention realizes the digital management of the entire process of borehole exploration, centrally stores the information of each link in a unified data center, and realizes data interconnection and interoperability with other systems through data interfaces, promoting information sharing and collaborative work, reducing the lag and distortion of information transmission, and providing timely and accurate data support for engineering decision-making.

[0043] Beneficial effects of the present invention compared with the prior art:

[0044] 1. The present invention provides a digital management method for the entire process of boreholes based on BIM+GIS technology, constructs a 3D visualization environment based on BIM models, GIS data, and geological basic data, arranges and drills boreholes in combination with national engineering exploration standards, and collects and accepts the obtained actual borehole data based on a mobile application, enters the borehole layout information and actual borehole data into the borehole data structure standard library, generates histograms using the borehole data structure standard library, and finally displays the boreholes and borehole data based on the 3D visualization environment, which can solve the problems of low borehole layout efficiency, unreasonable borehole schemes, low data acquisition efficiency and high error rates, and low degree of structuring of borehole data in the prior art;

[0045] 2. The present invention provides a digital management system for the entire process of boreholes based on BIM+GIS technology, which consists of a 3D environment module, a rule storage module, a mobile data acquisition module, a histogram generation module, a visual analysis module, and a data center module, constructs a digital collaborative platform, reduces the lag and distortion of information transmission, promotes information sharing, and provides timely and accurate data support for engineering decision-making. Description of the Drawings

[0046] Figure 1It is a flowchart of a full-process digital management method for drilling based on BIM + GIS technology in Embodiment 1.

[0047] Figure 2 It is a flowchart of an intelligent drilling layout based on BIM + GIS in Embodiment 2.

[0048] Figure 3 It is a flowchart of data collection and acceptance of drilling holes by a mobile application in Embodiment 2.

[0049] Figure 4 It is a field map of basic drilling hole information in Embodiment 2.

[0050] Figure 5 It is a field map of formation lithology information of drilling holes in Embodiment 2.

[0051] Figure 6 It is a field map of sampling information of drilling holes in Embodiment 2.

[0052] Figure 7 It is a field map of groundwater level information of drilling holes in Embodiment 2.

[0053] Figure 8 It is a field map of in-situ test information of drilling holes in Embodiment 2.

[0054] Figure 9 It is a field map of original drilling records in Embodiment 2.

[0055] Figure 10 It is a field map of formation age library information in Embodiment 2.

[0056] Figure 11 It is a field map of formation code library information in Embodiment 2.

[0057] Figure 12 It is a field map of formation lithology pattern information in Embodiment 2.

[0058] Figure 13 It is a flowchart of automatically generating a histogram in Embodiment 2.

[0059] Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of the automatic layout algorithm of the histogram in Embodiment 2. Detailed implementation manners

[0060] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. However, it should not be understood that the scope of the above-mentioned subject matter of the present invention is limited to the following embodiments. Any technology implemented based on the content of the present invention belongs to the scope of the present invention.

[0061] Unless otherwise specified, in the description of the specific embodiments of the present invention, the expression terms indicating the orientation or positional relationship such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "center", "inner", "outer", etc. are all based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship when the invention product / device / equipment is commonly used. These terms of orientation or positional relationship are only for the convenience of describing the solution of the present invention or simplifying the description in the specific embodiments, so as to facilitate technicians to quickly understand the solution, rather than indicating or implying that a specific device / component / element must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific positional relationship. Therefore, it should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.

[0062] In addition, if terms such as "horizontal", "vertical", "suspended", "parallel" appear, it does not mean that the corresponding device / component / element is required to be absolutely horizontal or vertical or suspended or parallel, but it can be slightly inclined or have a deviation. For example, "horizontal" only means that its direction is more horizontal relative to "vertical", and does not mean that the structure must be completely horizontal, but it can be slightly inclined. Or, it can be simply understood that the corresponding device / component / element is arranged in the directions of "horizontal", "vertical", "suspended", "parallel", etc., and can have an error / deviation of ±10% relative to the corresponding direction setting, more preferably within ±8%, more preferably within ±6%, more preferably within ±5%, more preferably within ±4%. As long as the corresponding device / component / element is within the error / deviation range, it can still play its role in the solution of the present invention.

[0063] In addition, when expressions such as "first", "second", "third", etc. appear in the terms, they are only used to distinguish the description of the same or similar components, and should not be understood as emphasizing or implying the relative importance of specific components.

[0064] In addition, in the description of the embodiments of the present invention, "several", "multiple", "a number of" represent at least 2. It can be any situation such as 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, etc., and even can be more than 9.

[0065] In addition, in the description of the technical solution of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified / defined / restricted, where terms such as "set", "installed", "connected", "connected", "provided with", "laid", "arranged" appear, they should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection. It can be connection means commonly used in the art such as welding, riveting, bolting, threaded connection, etc. This connection can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection or a communication connection; it can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be the communication inside two elements.

[0066] Embodiment 1

[0067] This embodiment provides a digital management method for the entire drilling process based on BIM + GIS technology. The specific flowchart is as follows Figure 1 shown, including the following steps:

[0068] S1. Construct a three-dimensional visualization environment by combining BIM models, GIS data, and geological basic data;

[0069] S2. Based on the three-dimensional visualization environment constructed in S1 and in combination with national engineering exploration standards, conduct drilling layout, and perform actual drilling operations according to the drilling layout;

[0070] S3. Based on the mobile application, collect and accept the data of the actual drilling;

[0071] S4. Enter the information of the drilling layout and the data of the actual drilling into the drilling data structure standard library;

[0072] S5. Generate a drilling columnar chart using the drilling data structure standard library;

[0073] S6. Display the data of the actual drilling in the three-dimensional visualization environment.

[0074] Through the high-precision integration of BIM models and GIS data, a three-dimensional real scene containing BIM models, topography, and geological information is constructed, enabling surveyors to conduct multi-factor comprehensive analysis under a unified spatial framework, greatly improving the scientificity and rationality of drilling layout, avoiding unreasonable drilling layout plans caused by subjective judgments, and laying a solid foundation for subsequent precise exploration.

[0075] The geological basic data required in S1 includes regional geological maps, tectonic outline maps, active fault distribution maps, and historical drilling data.

[0076] The specific drilling layout in S2 is to construct an automated drilling layout process, including the following steps:

[0077] S21. Extract the requirements related to drilling layout in national engineering exploration standards, specifically including requirements for drilling location, drilling depth, number of drill holes, and drilling requirements under special geological conditions;

[0078] S22. Digitalize the requirements related to drilling layout and input them into the rule library;

[0079] S23. Read the GIS data and the geological basic data, and generate drilling candidate points based on the rule library;

[0080] S24. Optimize the drilling positions of the drilling candidate points through spatial conflict detection and terrain adaptability adjustment, and adjust the depth of the drilling based on the rule base to obtain optimized drilling points;

[0081] S25. Display the optimized drilling points in the three-dimensional visualization environment as a preliminary layout plan;

[0082] Among them, inputting the relevant requirements for drilling layout into the rule base and digitizing them can significantly improve the efficiency of drilling layout; compared with the low efficiency of manual drilling layout, it is difficult to meet the large number of drilling requirements of complex engineering projects. The present invention digitizes the engineering survey specifications and converts them into executable rules, combines with BIM model information, realizes the automatic layout of drilling, greatly improves the drilling layout efficiency, saves labor costs, and enables survey personnel to devote more energy to the analysis and judgment of complex geological conditions.

[0083] Further, set a density threshold to control the quantity of the optimized drilling points, and delete the optimized drilling points if they exceed the density threshold.

[0084] Further, after the automated drilling layout process, it also includes manual verification and optimization adjustment. Improve the quality of the drilled holes through manual verification and optimization adjustment to ensure subsequent actual drilling operations;

[0085] Among them, manual verification and optimization adjustment need to comprehensively consider geological conditions, underground pipelines and other obstacles, and perform manual adjustment, parameter modification and version control according to the considered factors.

[0086] The S3 specifically collects drilling data through a structured data entry interface, integrates OCR technology to convert the drilling record images into structured data, and at the same time, performs real-time verification on the data of the actual drilling entered, and finally synchronizes the data of the actual drilling obtained by the mobile application to the data center;

[0087] Based on the mobile application, paperless on-site data collection and acceptance are carried out, which specifically includes a data collection module and an image recognition module, ensuring data quality and collection efficiency; compared with the traditional paper record method which is error-prone, difficult to store and has a lag in transmission, the present invention conducts on-site data collection and acceptance through the mobile application, realizes paperless operation, not only improves the data collection efficiency, but also effectively avoids data entry errors through the built-in data verification mechanism, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the data. In particular, the integrated image recognition module can automatically recognize the original drilling records, convert the image information into structured data, greatly reducing the workload of manual entry, and the data collection efficiency is increased by 40%.

[0088] The drilling data structure standard library described in S4 standardizes the information of the drilling layout and the data of the actual drilling. The formation age symbols in the information of the drilling layout and the data of the actual drilling are derived from the formation age symbol library, and the lithology patterns in the information of the drilling layout and the data of the actual drilling are derived from the formation lithology pattern library, providing standardized data for generating the drilling columnar chart in S5.

[0089] Among them, a unified drilling data structure standard library is constructed by inputting the information of the drilling layout and the data obtained from the actual drilling. The unified drilling data structure standard library can provide standardized and normalized data for subsequent drilling data collection, processing, analysis, and result expression, ensuring the consistency, accuracy, and interoperability of the data, thereby improving the data utilization efficiency and result quality. At the same time, the unified drilling data structure standard library is also helpful for generating the columnar chart subsequently.

[0090] Generating the drilling columnar chart in S5 requires dynamic layout of the lithology columnar chart module, the standard penetration blow count module, and the groundwater level module. Specifically, according to the priorities of the lithology columnar chart module, the standard penetration blow count module, and the groundwater level module, the widths of each module are adjusted. If the total width of the modules is insufficient, it is stretched to the maximum width according to the importance of the modules. If the total width of the modules exceeds, it is reduced to the minimum width according to the priorities of the modules.

[0091] Automatically generating the drilling columnar chart based on structured data greatly improves the result output efficiency. Compared with the traditional manual drawing of the columnar chart, which is time-consuming and laborious and difficult to ensure standardization and normalization, the present invention realizes the structured storage and management of drilling data by establishing a unified data structure standard, and based on the structured data, develops an intelligent mapping engine that can automatically generate the drilling columnar chart, greatly reducing the manual drawing workload, improving the result output efficiency, saving 80% of the mapping time, and ensuring the standardization and aesthetics of the columnar chart. At the same time, the present invention allows users to customize the drawing frame template and select data modules, realizing the personalization and flexibility of result expression. Compared with the traditional fixed columnar chart format that is difficult to meet the needs of different users, the present invention allows users to customize the drawing frame template and flexibly control the content and style of the columnar chart by selecting different data modules, thereby meeting the personalized needs of different projects and users and improving the flexibility and adaptability of result expression.

[0092] In S6, the data of the actual drilling is displayed in the three-dimensional visualization environment, where there is a profile analysis and a data filtering.

[0093] The profile analysis projects the drilling formation to the profile diagram by customizing the profile path and generates a geological profile in combination with the terrain data.

[0094] The data filtering screens and highlights target boreholes according to borehole type, depth range or lithology keywords;

[0095] The borehole data is displayed three-dimensionally in a 3D visualization environment for viewing, improving the understanding and analysis ability of geological information. Compared with the traditional 2D bar chart that is difficult to intuitively display the spatial distribution characteristics of geological bodies, the present invention uses a BIM+GIS platform to display the borehole data in the form of 3D cylinders and distinguishes strata by colors, so as to more intuitively display the geological situation, facilitate users to understand geological information from the perspective of 3D space, and support operations such as clicking, querying, and cross-section analysis on boreholes, greatly improving the understanding and analysis ability of geological information.

[0096] Embodiment 2

[0097] To solve the problems of low borehole layout efficiency, unreasonable borehole schemes, low data collection efficiency and high error rate, and low degree of structuring of borehole data in the prior art, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0098] A digital management method for the whole process of boreholes based on BIM+GIS technology, including the construction of a 3D geographical environment based on BIM+GIS, intelligent borehole layout based on BIM+GIS, paperless on-site data collection and acceptance based on mobile devices, standardized data preparation, automatic generation of borehole columnar chart results based on structured data, and 3D display and application scenarios of borehole results. The specific operation process of each step is as follows:

[0099] Step 1: Construction of a 3D geographical environment based on BIM+GIS

[0100] The 3D geographical environment based on BIM+GIS can integrate the BIM model of the engineering project with GIS data such as topographic maps, geological maps, and remote sensing images to construct a real and complete 3D visualization environment, providing a unified spatial reference framework and data basis for subsequent borehole layout, geological analysis, and result display.

[0101] (I) Data preparation

[0102] Prepare BIM models, GIS data, and geological basic data to prepare for the next step of constructing a 3D real scene.

[0103] BIM Model Import and Creation: Import the BIM model of the engineering project (including structural information such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, subgrade pavements, slopes, etc.) into the GIS platform. The GIS platform supports multiple BIM model formats (such as:.rvt,.ifc,.obj,.skp,.3ds,.gcm), and perform necessary format conversions and data cleaning to ensure the integrity and accuracy of the model data; it is also possible to directly create a BIM model (including structural information such as buildings, bridges, tunnels, subgrade pavements, slopes, etc.) in the GIS platform.

[0104] GIS Data Loading: Load relevant GIS data. The supported data types are as follows:

[0105] (1) Aerial survey data, digital orthophoto map DOM, digital elevation model DEM, supporting multiple formats such as.tiff,.jpg,.lrp, etc.; supporting LiDAR data, and multiple formats such as.las and.laz can be loaded;

[0106] (2) Oblique model, supporting the loading of oblique model data in OSGB format;

[0107] (3) Online satellite images and terrain, supporting satellite data from multiple sources such as Tianditu, Amap, and Baidu;

[0108] (4) Online road and place name annotations, supporting road and place name annotations from multiple sources such as Tianditu, Amap, and Baidu.

[0109] Basic Geological Data Loading: Load existing geological maps. The main basic geological data are as follows:

[0110] (1) Regional geological maps, loading regional geological maps at different scales such as 1:200,000, 1:250,000, 1:500,000, etc.;

[0111] (2) Tectonic outline maps, loading tectonic outline maps at different scales such as 1:200,000, 1:250,000, 1:500,000, etc., and performing spatial registration to ensure alignment with the terrain elevation data and the BIM model in space.

[0112] (3) Active fault distribution maps, accessing the active fault distribution data of the China Earthquake Disaster Prevention Center.

[0113] (4) Historical borehole data, loading existing borehole data, including borehole locations, depths, lithology descriptions, etc., as reference information for borehole layout.

[0114] (II) Constructing a Realistic 3D Geographic Environment

[0115] By importing the BIM model of the engineering project and performing spatial registration and fusion with GIS data such as terrain elevation data, geology, and images, a real three-dimensional scene is created using the 3D visualization engine of the GIS platform, providing a unified spatial reference framework and data basis for subsequent borehole layout, geological analysis, and result display, and achieving seamless docking between the structure and the geographical environment.

[0116] Step 2: Intelligent Borehole Layout Based on BIM+GIS

[0117] In this step, the building and structure information, topography, aerial survey data, and geological data integrated by the BIM+GIS platform are used, combined with the national engineering survey standards, to realize the intelligent layout of boreholes, and optimize and adjust on the basis of manual verification. Finally, a reasonable and efficient borehole layout plan is formed, and relying on the unified data center, the interconnection of borehole data in the layout, acceptance, and result output links is realized, providing an accurate data basis for subsequent survey work. The flow chart of the intelligent borehole layout based on BIM+GIS is as Figure 2 shown.

[0118] (1) Automated Borehole Layout Based on Specifications

[0119] The automated borehole layout based on specifications digitizes the engineering survey specifications and fuses them with BIM+GIS data, constructs a set of automated borehole layout processes, can improve the efficiency and standardization of borehole layout, reduce the dependence on manual experience, and provide a scientific and reasonable initial plan for subsequent manual verification, thus improving the quality and speed of the overall survey and design. The specific operation process is as follows.

[0120] (1) Sorting out Borehole Layout Specifications and Information Extraction

[0121] Sort out the engineering survey specifications of different engineering industries, such as relevant national or industry specifications such as "Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering of Building Foundations" (GB50021), "Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering" (GB 50021), "Code for Investigation of Highway Engineering Geology" (JTG C20), etc., and perform information extraction and classification in the following form.

[0122] Determination of Standard Scope: Sort out the commonly used geological survey standards in the field of engineering construction, for example:

[0123] "Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering of Building Foundations" (GB 50021)

[0124] "Code for Investigation of Geotechnical Engineering" (GB 50021)

[0125] "Code for Investigation of Highway Engineering Geology" (JTG C20)

[0126] Industry or Local Supplementary Survey Standards

[0127] Information extraction and classification: Read the relevant standards one by one, extract the clauses directly related to drilling layout, and classify them. The following types of information are mainly extracted:

[0128] Requirements for hole layout (for example: "drill holes should be arranged around the building", "drill holes should be arranged at key locations of important buildings", and "when there are adverse geological phenomena on the site, drill holes should be arranged within the impact range")

[0129] Requirements for hole depth (for example: "The drilling depth should meet the requirements for ascertaining the mechanical properties of the foundation bearing layer and the underlying layer", "The drilling depth of high-rise buildings should not be less than 1.5 times the height of the building", and "The drilling depth of the weak underlying layer should penetrate the weak soil layer")

[0130] Requirements for the number of holes to be drilled (for example: "For simple foundations, the number of holes to be drilled should not be less than 3" and "For complex foundations, the number of holes to be drilled should be increased based on the specific situation")

[0131] Requirements for drilling holes under special geological conditions (for example, "when there is a fault, drilling holes should be arranged on both sides of the fault" and "when there is a cave, the location, size and distribution range of the cave should be identified")

[0132] (2) Drilling layout requirements are digitized

[0133] According to the combed normative content, the combed content is formalized and parameterized to facilitate computer program recognition and execution;

[0134] Rule formalization: Convert the extracted standard clauses into executable rules and describe them in a formal language so that computers can understand and execute them;

[0135] Parameterization: For the numerical requirements in the rules, parameterization is performed to allow adjustment according to actual conditions (for example, drilling holes are arranged around the building, and the outer expansion distance = A meters, where A is adjustable; drilling holes are arranged on both sides of the fault, and the drilling spacing <= Y meters, where Y is adjustable);

[0136] Rule priority: For conflicting rules, set priorities to ensure that the program can be executed correctly (for example, when the specification requirements conflict with the actual situation, manual intervention is allowed).

[0137] (3) Automated deployment rule setting

[0138] Rule base construction: Store the digitized standard rules in the rule base and the server for easy management and maintenance. The rule base can be implemented using a relational database or a rule engine.

[0139] Parameter Configuration Interface: Provide a user-friendly parameter configuration interface that allows engineers to configure the parameters for automated layout. The main operations that can be performed in the parameter configuration interface mainly include: specification selection, rule enabling / disabling, parameter adjustment, and drilling density setting;

[0140] Rule Verification: Verify the configured rules to ensure their rationality and consistency.

[0141] (4) Automated Layout Process

[0142] Step 1: Data Reading:

[0143] Read the BIM model data and design information to obtain relevant data such as the type of the building or structure (extra-long bridge, extra-long tunnel), location, geometric information, height, scale, and design information (construction drawing stage, first-class highway, etc.);

[0144] Read the GIS data to obtain the terrain elevation information;

[0145] Read the geological data to obtain information such as geology and faults;

[0146] Read the layout rules and parameter settings in the rule library.

[0147] Step 2: Generation of Drilling Candidate Points:

[0148] Generate drilling candidate points based on the rules in the rule library (for example: based on the rule of arranging drill holes around the building, expand a certain distance outside the building contour line to generate drilling candidate points. The expansion distance is set in the parameter configuration interface);

[0149] Based on the rule of arranging drill holes at key parts, identify the key parts of the building or structure (such as corner points, pier positions, tunnel entrances and exits, etc.), and generate drilling candidate points at these parts;

[0150] Based on the rule of arranging drill holes due to adverse geological phenomena, identify the adverse geological phenomena in the site (such as faults, landslides, karst caves, etc.), and generate drilling candidate points within their influence range.

[0151] Step 3: Optimization of Drilling Positions:

[0152] Spatial Conflict Detection: Detect whether the drilling candidate points conflict with other spatial objects such as other buildings or structures. If there is a conflict, adjust the drilling positions to avoid the conflict area;

[0153] Topographic Adaptability Adjustment: Adjust the drilling positions according to the terrain elevation data to make them located in flat areas and avoid areas such as steep slopes or the middle of rivers.

[0154] Step 4: Calculation of Drilling Depths:

[0155] Generate the drilling depth based on the rule base (e.g., calculate the drilling depth according to the height of the building and structure: drilling depth = building height × depth coefficient, where the depth coefficient is set in the parameter configuration interface);

[0156] Consider the geological burial depth, combine geological data, and adjust the drilling depth according to factors such as the bearing capacity requirements of the building and structure and the approximate depth of settlement influence to ensure that the drilling depth is sufficient.

[0157] Step 5: Control the number of drill holes:

[0158] Control the number of drill holes according to the drilling density parameter. If the number of drill holes exceeds the set threshold, delete some drill holes; the deletion strategy can be random deletion or deletion according to certain rules (e.g., delete drill holes in areas with lower geological importance).

[0159] Step 6: Generate the initial layout plan:

[0160] Use the optimized and adjusted drill hole candidate points as the initial drill hole layout plan and visually display the initial layout plan in the BIM+GIS three-dimensional scene.

[0161] (2) Manual verification and optimization adjustment

[0162] The factors that need to be comprehensively considered in manual verification are as follows:

[0163] Topography and geomorphology: Combine topographic elevation data to check whether the drill hole location is in areas with high geological risks such as steep slopes and gullies and make necessary adjustments;

[0164] Geological conditions: Combine geological maps, fault data, and historical geological data to analyze the geological structure, lithology distribution, etc. of the drill hole location and optimize the drill hole layout plan;

[0165] Underground pipelines and other obstacles: Check whether the drill hole location conflicts with known underground pipelines or other obstacles to avoid construction risks.

[0166] Make manual adjustments according to the considered factors. The operations are as follows:

[0167] Manual adjustment: Allow engineers to manually add, delete, or move drill holes to better meet the actual exploration needs;

[0168] Parameter modification: Allow engineers to modify parameters such as the location and depth of drill holes to optimize the detection effect of drill holes;

[0169] Version control: During the manual adjustment process, perform version control on different layout plans for easy comparison and traceability.

[0170] (3) Construction and interconnection of the drill hole data center

[0171] Data structure standardization:

[0172] Unified standard: Adopt the aforementioned drilling data structure standard to ensure that all drilling data (including location, depth, geological description, test data, etc.) are stored and managed in a unified format.

[0173] Metadata management: Establish a sound metadata management system to record the source, creation time, modification history, quality control information, etc. of drilling data.

[0174] Data center construction:

[0175] Centralized storage: Centralize the storage of all drilling data in a unified data center to achieve centralized management and maintenance of data.

[0176] Permission control: Implement strict data access permission control to ensure the security and confidentiality of data.

[0177] Data interoperability:

[0178] Data interface: Provide standard data interfaces (such as APIs, web services, etc.) to facilitate data exchange and sharing with other systems (such as drilling acceptance APPs, automated mapping systems, BIM platforms, etc.).

[0179] Data integration: Achieve the integration of drilling data with BIM models, GIS data, and other relevant data to build a complete information chain.

[0180] Data flow: Ensure that the entire process from drilling layout to acceptance to drawing is based on the same data center to achieve seamless data flow and sharing.

[0181] Step 3: Paperless on-site data collection and acceptance based on mobile devices

[0182] This step utilizes the convenience of mobile devices to achieve paperless collection and acceptance of on-site drilling data, and uses image recognition technology to improve data entry efficiency and ensure data quality, providing an accurate and reliable data basis for subsequent data processing and result output. The flow chart of the mobile application for collecting and accepting drilling data is as Figure 3 shown.

[0183] (I) Design of mobile APP function modules

[0184] To achieve the collection and acceptance of drilling data, it is necessary to develop a mobile APP. The main function modules are designed as follows:

[0185] Data collection module:

[0186] Standardized Data Structure: Based on the drilling data structure standard, a structured data entry interface is designed. The data to be entered specifically includes:

[0187] Basic drilling information (hole number, elevation of hole opening, starting time of drilling, ending time of drilling, etc.);

[0188] Stratum information (layer number, depth of layer bottom, stratum age code, lithology description, etc.);

[0189] In-situ test information (test type, test depth, original number of blows, corrected number of blows, rod length correction factor, etc.);

[0190] Sampling information (sample number, sample type, sampling depth, etc.);

[0191] Groundwater level information (depth of water table, measurement time, etc.).

[0192] The data entry supports a variety of flexible data entry methods to improve the entry efficiency, specifically including manual input (entering information such as numerical values and texts through the keyboard), option selection (drop-down menus, radio boxes, check boxes, etc. for predefined data), photo upload (taking photos of core samples, photos of the drilling site, etc. as supplementary materials), and voice input (conveniently and quickly recording on-site descriptions and remarks).

[0193] At the same time, the APP can save the entered data in real time to prevent data loss.

[0194] Image Recognition Module:

[0195] Specifically, it can achieve image acquisition. Through the built-in camera function, it is convenient for users to take photos of the original drilling records. In addition, it can also achieve automatic recognition of pictures. The image recognition specifically uses OCR (Optical Character Recognition) technology to convert the information of the original drilling record pictures into editable text data;

[0196] Automatically recognize the original drilling record form and structure the drilling process data for convenient later application;

[0197] Optimize according to the characteristics of the drilling records to improve the recognition accuracy;

[0198] Parse the recognized text data according to the predefined data structure and automatically fill it into the corresponding data fields;

[0199] At the same time, the image recognition module provides a convenient verification interface for users to quickly check and modify the recognition results.

[0200] Data Verification Module:

[0201] The verification functions performed by the data verification module specifically include:

[0202] Real-time verification: During data entry, real-time verification is performed on key fields to prevent the entry of incorrect data;

[0203] Type verification: Determine whether the data type meets the field requirements (such as numerical, text, date, etc.);

[0204] Range verification: Determine whether the data is within a reasonable range (for example, the depth value cannot be negative);

[0205] Format verification: Determine whether the data format is correct (such as whether the date format conforms to the specification);

[0206] Logical verification: Determine whether there are logical errors between data (such as the bottom depth of a layer must be greater than the top depth of the layer);

[0207] Offline verification: Data verification can also be performed in the absence of a network connection.

[0208] Data management module:

[0209] The data management module is mainly used to browse and modify the input data. Among them, data browsing is to facilitate viewing the entered drilling data, and supports querying and filtering by conditions; data modification is used to modify and supplement the entered data.

[0210] Data synchronization module:

[0211] Data synchronization is mainly divided into automatic synchronization and manual synchronization. Among them, automatic synchronization is to automatically upload data to the server in a Wi-Fi environment to achieve data synchronization; manual synchronization allows manual triggering of data synchronization, which is applicable to situations where the network environment is unstable or batch uploading is required; in addition, the data synchronization module also supports resume from breakpoint to prevent data upload failure due to network interruption.

[0212] System settings module:

[0213] Parameter configuration: Allow users to customize the parameters of the APP, such as: data synchronization frequency, picture compression quality, etc.;

[0214] Version update: Automatically detect whether there is a new version of the APP and prompt the user to update.

[0215] (2) On-site data collection process

[0216] Open the APP, automatically locate the nearby boreholes according to the location, select the corresponding borehole number for logging, or manually select the borehole. Manual selection can be based on the construction sites of buildings and structures to select the borehole, and confirm that the current location is consistent with the target borehole; enter the data collection interface, and enter the data item by item according to the borehole data structure standard; after completing the data entry, the APP automatically performs data verification and prompts the user to correct the errors; after confirming that the data is correct, click the submit button, and the APP automatically uploads the data to the server to complete the collection of on-site data.

[0217] Step 4: Construct a standard library for borehole data structure

[0218] To provide standardized and normalized data for subsequent borehole data collection, processing, analysis, and result expression, it is necessary to construct a unified standard library for borehole data structure. The standard library for borehole data structure specifically includes a library of stratigraphic age symbols and a library of stratigraphic lithology patterns, which can ensure the consistency, accuracy, and interoperability of data, thereby improving the data utilization efficiency and result quality.

[0219] (1) Standard library for borehole data structure

[0220] The creation goal of the standard library for borehole data structure is to establish a set of standardized, extensible, interoperable, and easy-to-manage borehole data description and storage specifications, to unify the data format, avoid data ambiguity, facilitate data sharing, and lay a solid foundation for subsequent data analysis and applications.

[0221] The standard library for borehole data structure mainly includes basic borehole information, borehole stratigraphic lithology information, sampling information, groundwater level information, in-situ test information, drilling original record information, etc. The name, field type, field length, whether it is required, description, etc. of each piece of information are specified. The key field descriptions of the standard database are as follows:

[0222] BoreholeID: Must adopt a unique coding rule. It is recommended to include information such as project code, borehole type, borehole serial number, etc.

[0223] LayerName: Must use standardized stratigraphic naming, referring to the library of stratigraphic lithology patterns.

[0224] Lithology: The description should be detailed and try to include information such as color, structure, composition, weathering degree, etc.

[0225] GeologicalAgeCode: Must refer to the library of stratigraphic age symbols to ensure the standardization of age information.

[0226] TestType: The test type must adopt the values in the standard type list.

[0227] Sample ID: The sample information is an optional field. If sampling tests are conducted, relevant information needs to be filled in.

[0228] Coordinate system: All coordinates must adopt a unified coordinate system, such as: WGS84, CGCS2000, etc.

[0229] Elevation system: All elevations must adopt a unified elevation system, such as: National Elevation Datum.

[0230] Data type description:

[0231] VARCHAR: Variable-length string.

[0232] INT: Integer.

[0233] DOUBLE: Double-precision floating-point number.

[0234] DATE: Date type, in the format of YYYY-MM-DD.

[0235] DATETIME: Time type, in the format of YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.

[0236] TEXT: Long text, used to store a large amount of text information.

[0237] JSON: JSON format, used to store structured data.

[0238] Precautions:

[0239] Scalability: When designing the data structure, sufficient consideration should be given to scalability, and enough expansion fields should be reserved to meet the special needs of different engineering projects.

[0240] Normativity: Relevant specifications and standards must be strictly followed to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the data.

[0241] Integrity: The integrity of the data must be ensured to avoid data loss or damage.

[0242] Core photos are stored separately. Defining an independent core photo information table can manage the photos more flexibly.

[0243] Among them, the field diagram of the basic information fields of the borehole is as Figure 4 shown, the field diagram of the lithology information of the borehole strata is as Figure 5 shown, the field diagram of the sampling information of the borehole is as Figure 6 shown, the field diagram of the groundwater level information of the borehole is as Figure 7 shown, the field diagram of the in-situ test information of the borehole is as Figure 8 shown, the field diagram of the original drilling record information is as Figure 9 shown.

[0244] (2)Stratigraphic Age Symbol Standard Library

[0245] The creation of the Stratigraphic Age Symbol Standard Library can establish a set of standardized geological age division, naming, and symbol representation systems, ensuring the consistency and accuracy of geological exploration data in the time dimension, enhancing the interoperability and sharing of data among different projects and departments, and providing a reliable time frame basis for the compilation of geological maps, the construction of geological models, and engineering geological analysis.

[0246] This standard library refers to the National Standard Regional Geological Map Legend (GB / T 958—2015) and, in combination with industry and enterprise requirements, has sorted out and created a set of Stratigraphic Age Symbol Standard Library. This standard library consists of two libraries, namely the Stratigraphic Age Library and the Stratigraphic Code Library, which decouple the geological time frame from specific stratigraphic units. The Stratigraphic Age Library is responsible for maintaining the standardized geological age division, while the Stratigraphic Code Library associates this age information with the stratigraphic genetic units (groups, formations, members) in specific regions. This not only ensures the unity of the geological time frame but also takes into account the differences in stratigraphic divisions in different regions, making the description of geological information more flexible, accurate, and standardized. The description of the key fields in this standard database is as follows:

[0247] GeologicalAgeID (Geological Age Number): Uniquely identifies a geological age unit and serves as the database index and associated foreign key.

[0248] Eon: Defines the largest geological age unit and describes the highest-level division of geological time.

[0249] Era: Defines the next lower-level geological age unit under Eon and refines the division of geological time.

[0250] Period: Defines the next lower-level geological age unit under Era and further refines the division of geological time.

[0251] Epoch: Defines the next lower-level geological age unit under Period and further divides geological time.

[0252] StratigraphicCodeID (Stratigraphic Code Number): Uniquely identifies a stratigraphic code and is used for database indexing and association with borehole data.

[0253] GeologicalAgeCode (Geological Age Code): References the ID in the Stratigraphic Age Library to associate the stratigraphic code with the standard geological time frame.

[0254] Supergroup: Defines the highest-level unit of stratigraphic origin (if any).

[0255] Group: Defines the intermediate-level unit (if any) of stratigraphic origin.

[0256] Formation: Defines the basic unit of stratigraphic origin.

[0257] Data type description:

[0258] VARCHAR: Variable-length string.

[0259] DOUBLE: Double-precision floating-point number.

[0260] Among them, the field diagram of the stratigraphic age library is as Figure 10 shown, and the field diagram of the stratigraphic code library is as Figure 11 shown.

[0261] (III) Standard library of stratigraphic lithology patterns

[0262] Creating a standard library of stratigraphic lithology patterns can establish unified naming rules and pattern filling standards for stratigraphic lithology, achieve standardization and normalization of lithology representation in geological maps, thereby improving the readability, accuracy, and aesthetics of result maps such as borehole columnar diagrams, and laying a foundation for automated mapping and data sharing.

[0263] This standard library refers to the national standard "Legend of Regional Geological Maps" (GB / T 958—2015), and combines industry and enterprise requirements to sort out and create a set of standard libraries of stratigraphic lithology patterns. The description of the key fields of this standard database is as follows:

[0264] LithologyID (Lithology number): Uniquely identifies a lithology and is used for database indexing and association.

[0265] LithologyName (Lithology name): Describes the lithology name for easy understanding by users.

[0266] LithologyClass (Lithology classification): Classifies lithologies into categories such as overburden, sedimentary rocks, granite, metamorphic rocks, etc., for easy management and statistics.

[0267] PatternFilePAT (Path of the pattern file in.pat format): Stores the path of the pattern file recognizable by CAD software for automatic filling.

[0268] PatternFileIMG (Path of the pattern file in picture format): Stores the path of the pattern file in picture format for general display.

[0269] Data type description:

[0270] VARCHAR: Variable-length string.

[0271] DOUBLE: Double-precision floating point number.

[0272] Among them, the formation lithology pattern information field diagram is as Figure 12 shown.

[0273] Step Five: Automatically generate the borehole histogram results based on the borehole data structure standard library

[0274] In this step, the borehole data structure standard library is used to automatically generate the borehole histogram and provide user-defined functions to meet the needs of different units and different projects. Finally, efficient and standardized result output is achieved. The flowchart for automatically generating the histogram is as Figure 13 shown.

[0275] (I) Decomposition of the components of the borehole histogram

[0276] The components of the borehole histogram are disassembled into the frame part (Layout) and the data part (Data Area), and then combined and output during output.

[0277] (1) Frame part (Layout)

[0278] Definition: It refers to the non-data-related components of the histogram, such as the border, title bar, signature column, coordinate axes, etc.

[0279] Template customization: Users can choose a preset frame template or customize the frame template.

[0280] Preset templates: Provide a variety of common frame styles to meet different specifications and user needs, such as common A3 templates, A4 templates, and customized templates of XX units.

[0281] Customized template: Allow users to upload a customized frame file (e.g., CAD format) and specify the positions and sizes of key areas (e.g., title bar, signature column, drawing area, etc.).

[0282] Parameter configuration: Allow users to configure the parameters of the frame, such as:

[0283] Graph name, project name, survey unit, drawing scale, etc.

[0284] Design of customized frame templates:

[0285] Users can use CAD or other drawing software to design customized frame templates.

[0286] At the positions where database information needs to be automatically filled, use pre-defined special strings as placeholders. For example:

[0287] Project name: `$[PROJECT_NAME]`

[0288] Borehole Name: `$[BOREHOLE_NAME]`

[0289] Borehole Number: `$[BOREHOLE_ID]`

[0290] Elevation at Borehole Opening: `$[ELEVATION]`

[0291] Investigation Unit: `$[INVESTIGATION_COMPANY]`

[0292] And so on. More placeholders can be defined as needed.

[0293] Ensure the uniqueness of placeholders to avoid confusion with other text content. It is recommended to wrap keywords with special characters (such as `$`, `[]`).

[0294] Interpretation of Drawing Frame Template:

[0295] The program needs to be able to read the drawing frame file uploaded by the user (e.g., CAD format) and parse the text objects in it.

[0296] Identify whether the text object contains predefined placeholders.

[0297] Automatic Data Filling:

[0298] If a placeholder is recognized, read the corresponding data from the structured borehole data center and replace the placeholder with the actual data value. For example:

[0299] If the text object is `$[PROJECT_NAME]`, read the project name from the database, e.g., "XX Expressway Project", and replace the text object with "XX Expressway Project".

[0300] If the text object is `$[BOREHOLE_ID]`, read the borehole number from the database, e.g., "ZK001", and replace the text object with "ZK 001".

[0301] For numerical data, formatting can be performed, e.g., retaining a certain number of decimal places.

[0302] Support multiple data types: strings, numbers, dates, etc.

[0303] Font and Style Preservation:

[0304] When replacing placeholders, try to keep the font, size, color, and other styles of the original text object unchanged to ensure the aesthetics of the drawing frame.

[0305] Error Handling:

[0306] If the corresponding data is missing in the database, default values or empty strings can be used for replacement, and a prompt message is given.

[0307] If the placeholder format is incorrect, the placeholder is ignored, and an error prompt is given.

[0308] (2)Data Area

[0309] Definition: It refers to the information area strongly related to stratigraphic division, such as stratigraphic lithology, boundary system group, lithology pattern, lithology recovery rate, RQD, etc., drawn in the histogram.

[0310] Data module: Package various data types (such as: lithology, depth, SPT blows, water level, etc.) that need to be displayed in the histogram into independent data modules.

[0311] Information type selection: Provide a menu-style data item selection interface, allowing users to select the information types that need to be reflected in the histogram.

[0312] Width limit: Each type of data item has a minimum width and a maximum width limit to ensure the overall aesthetics and readability of the histogram.

[0313] Type association: Different types of parameters are associated with the standard library to generate different geological contents. The main standard libraries include the lithology pattern library, the stratigraphic code library, and the stratigraphic age library.

[0314] The specific implementation technical methods are as follows.

[0315] ① Data module definition and attributes

[0316] Package various data types (such as: lithology, depth, SPT blows, water level, etc.) that need to be displayed in the histogram into independent data modules.

[0317] Module attributes: Each data module defines the following attributes:

[0318] ModuleType: Identify the data type of the module, for example: `Lithology`, `Depth`, `SPT` (Standard Penetration Test), `WaterLevel`, etc.

[0319] ModuleName: The display name of the module, for example: `Lithology Histogram`, `Depth`, `SPT Blows`, `Groundwater Level`, etc.

[0320] MinWidth: The minimum width occupied by the module in the histogram, in pixels or millimeters.

[0321] Maximum Width (MaxWidth): The maximum width that the module occupies in the bar chart, measured in pixels or millimeters.

[0322] Default Width (DefaultWidth): The default width of the module. When the width is set to adapt automatically, the adjustment is based on this width.

[0323] Unit: The unit of the data, e.g., `meter (m)`, `Newton (N)`, etc.

[0324] Drawing Function (DrawFunction): The function used to draw the module, such as `DrawLithology`, `DrawDepth`, `DrawSPT`, `DrawWaterLevel`, etc. These functions are responsible for drawing the corresponding graphics in the bar chart according to the data and style of the module.

[0325] Data Source (DataSource): Specifies the data source of the module, e.g., `Borehole.Layers` (formation information of the borehole), `Borehole.InSituTests` (in-situ test information of the borehole), etc.

[0326] Example of the data module in JSON format:

[0327] ② User data item selection

[0328] Menu-style interface: Provides a menu-style interface to display all available data modules.

[0329] Selection and sorting: Allows the user to select the data modules to be displayed in the bar chart and adjust their display order.

[0330] Quantity limit: The program dynamically calculates the maximum number of data modules that can be selected based on the size of the drawing frame and provides a prompt on the interface.

[0331] ③ Automatic layout logic

[0332] Schematic diagram of the automatic layout algorithm for the bar chart is as Figure 14 shown, and the specific steps are as follows:

[0333] Calculate the available drawing width: Read the width of the drawing area in the drawing frame template and subtract the reserved margins to obtain the total width available for laying out the data modules.

[0334] Initial width allocation:

[0335] Set the width of each selected data module to its `DefaultWidth` value.

[0336] Calculate the sum of the default widths of all data modules (TotalDefaultWidth).

[0337] Width adaptive adjustment:

[0338] Case 1: The total width is insufficient (TotalDefaultWidth < available drawing width):

[0339] Calculate the remaining width (RemainWidth = available drawing width - TotalDefaultWidth).

[0340] Allocate the remaining width to each data module according to a certain ratio. The allocation ratio can be adjusted according to the importance of the data type. For example: The width ratio of the lithology histogram can be set higher, and the width ratio of the depth information can be set lower.

[0341] Ensure that the adjusted width of each module does not exceed its `MaxWidth` value. If it exceeds, set its width to `MaxWidth`, and continue to allocate the remaining width to other modules.

[0342] Case 2: The total width exceeds (TotalDefaultWidth > available drawing width):

[0343] Calculate the exceeding width (ExceedingWidth = TotalDefaultWidth - available drawing width).

[0344] Subtract a part from the width of each data module according to a certain ratio. The reduction ratio can be adjusted according to the importance of the data type. For example: The ratio of the depth information can be set higher, and the ratio of the lithology histogram can be set lower.

[0345] Ensure that the adjusted width of each module is not lower than its `MinWidth` value. If it is lower than the minimum value, set its width to `MinWidth`, and make up the subtracted width from other modules.

[0346] User prompt: If after adjustment, it is still impossible to place all data modules in the drawing area, give a clear prompt message, suggesting that the user delete some data modules or select a larger drawing frame.

[0347] (2) Intelligent matching of drawing parameters

[0348] Intelligent matching of drawing parameters automatically calculates and allocates the width of each data module in the bar chart according to the frame size, the data modules selected by the user, and the predefined data module attributes (MinWidth, MaxWidth, DefaultWidth), ensuring that all modules can be reasonably displayed within the limited drawing area.

[0349] (1)Input parameters

[0350] AvailableWidth (Available drawing width): The width of the drawing area parsed from the frame template, which is the actual available width after deducting the margins, in pixels or millimeters.

[0351] SelectedModules (List of data modules selected by the user): Contains all the data module objects selected by the user, and each module object contains the following attributes:

[0352] `ModuleType` (Module type): Identifies the data type of the module (e.g., "Lithology", "Depth", "SPT");

[0353] `ModuleName` (Module name): The display name of the module;

[0354] `MinWidth` (Minimum width): The minimum width allowed for the module;

[0355] `MaxWidth` (Maximum width): The maximum width allowed for the module;

[0356] `DefaultWidth` (Default width): The default width of the module, which is the basis for the initial allocation;

[0357] WidthPriority (Width priority, optional): A dictionary or list that defines the priority order of different module types, used to determine which modules are preferentially scaled or stretched during width adjustment. For example: `{"Lithology": 3, "Depth": 1, "SPT": 2}`, where the larger the value, the higher the priority.

[0358] WidthWeight (Width weight, optional): A dictionary or list that defines the width adjustment weights of different module types, used to determine the scaling or stretching ratio of each module during width adjustment. For example: `{"Lithology": 0.6, "Depth": 0.2, "SPT": 0.2}`, and the sum of all weights should be 1.

[0359] (2)Algorithm steps

[0360] Step 1: Initialize Width:

[0361] Assign an initial width to each `SelectedModule`, where the initial width is equal to its `DefaultWidth`.

[0362] Calculate the total initial width of all data modules to be drawn in the drawing area: `TotalWidth = Sum(Module.DefaultWidth for Module in SelectedModules)`.

[0363] Step 2: Determine if the width is exceeded / insufficient and make adjustments:

[0364] If `TotalWidth>AvailableWidth` (total width exceeded): Execute the width reduction process.

[0365] If `TotalWidth<AvailableWidth` (total width insufficient): Execute the width stretching process.

[0366] If `TotalWidth == AvailableWidth` (total width is exactly right): No adjustment is needed, end the process.

[0367] Step 3: Width Reduction Process (when the total width exceeds the available width):

[0368] 3.1 Calculate the exceeded width value: `ExceedingWidth = TotalWidth - AvailableWidth`.

[0369] 3.2 Determine the reduction order:

[0370] If `WidthPriority` is defined, reduce in ascending order of priority.

[0371] If `WidthPriority` is not defined, reduce in the order in which the modules appear in the `SelectedModules` list.

[0372] 3.3 Loop reduction:

[0373] Process each module in turn according to the reduction order.

[0374] Calculate the maximum width that the current module can be reduced by: `ReducibleWidth = Module.DefaultWidth - Module.MinWidth`.

[0375] If `ExceedingWidth <= ReducibleWidth`:

[0376] Reduce the width of the current module by `ExceedingWidth`, i.e., `Module.Width = Module.DefaultWidth - ExceedingWidth`.

[0377] Set `ExceedingWidth` to 0 and end the reduction process.

[0378] Otherwise (if `ExceedingWidth > ReducibleWidth`):

[0379] Reduce the width of the current module to `MinWidth`, i.e., `Module.Width = Module.MinWidth`.

[0380] Update `ExceedingWidth = ExceedingWidth - ReducibleWidth` and continue to process the next module.

[0381] 3.4 Forced adjustment (if after reducing all modules, `ExceedingWidth` is still greater than 0):

[0382] It means that even if all modules are reduced to the minimum width, the requirements still cannot be met.

[0383] At this time, the following strategies can be taken:

[0384] Reduce the width from each module again by a certain ratio until `ExceedingWidth` is equal to 0. However, it should be noted that this may cause the width of some modules to be less than `MinWidth`, and special handling is required (e.g., hiding the module, showing ellipsis, etc.).

[0385] Give a clear error prompt to inform the user that they need to reduce the number of selected data modules or select a larger frame.

[0386] Step 4: Width stretching process (when the total width is less than the available width):

[0387] 4.1 It is necessary to calculate the remaining width value: `RemainingWidth = AvailableWidth - TotalWidth`.

[0388] 4.2 Determine the stretching order:

[0389] If `WidthPriority` is defined, stretching is performed in descending order of priority.

[0390] If `WidthPriority` is not defined, stretching is performed in the order in which the modules appear in the `SelectedModules` list.

[0391] 4.3 Loop stretching:

[0392] Process each module in turn according to the stretching order.

[0393] Calculate the maximum width that the current module can be stretched to: `ExtendableWidth = Module.MaxWidth - Module.DefaultWidth`.

[0394] If `RemainingWidth <= ExtendableWidth`:

[0395] Stretch the width of the current module by `RemainingWidth`, i.e., `Module.Width = Module.DefaultWidth + RemainingWidth`.

[0396] Set `RemainingWidth` to 0 and end the stretching process.

[0397] Otherwise (if `RemainingWidth > ExtendableWidth`):

[0398] Stretch the width of the current module to `MaxWidth`, i.e., `Module.Width = Module.MaxWidth`.

[0399] Update `RemainingWidth = RemainingWidth - ExtendableWidth` and continue processing the next module.

[0400] 4.4 Auto-fill (if `RemainingWidth` is still greater than 0 after stretching all modules):

[0401] If all modules have reached their maximum width but there is still remaining space, blank spaces can be added between the modules to make the overall width equal to `AvailableWidth`, making the entire figure more aesthetically pleasing.

[0402] Distribute the remaining width evenly among the gaps between each data module. Calculation method: `ModuleGap = RemainingWidth / (len(SelectedModules) - 1)`

[0403] (3) Depth Adaptation Based on Scale

[0404] This method automatically calculates the number of drawing sheets of the histogram based on the total drilling depth, automatically matching the scale or user-defined scale, arranges each drawing sheet in sequence according to the layout requirements, and finally generates a complete and continuous histogram result.

[0405] The specific implementation technical solution is as follows.

[0406] (1) Input parameters:

[0407] TotalDepth (total drilling depth): in meters.

[0408] PageHeight (effective drawing height of the drawing sheet): in millimeters.

[0409] AvailableScales (list of available scales): for example, [100, 150, 200,], representing 1:100, 1:150, 1:200.

[0410] (2) Algorithm steps:

[0411] Step 1: Filter feasible scales (completed for a single sheet):

[0412] Traverse the AvailableScales list, filter out the scales that meet the following conditions, and store them in the SinglePageScales list:

[0413] When using this scale, the maximum depth of a single sheet >= total drilling depth.

[0414] Calculation formula: MaxDepth = PageHeight / 1000 * Scale

[0415] Step 2: If there are feasible scales (SinglePageScales is not empty):

[0416] Step 2.1: Select the largest scale: Select the largest scale from the SinglePageScales list as the optimal scale.

[0417] Step 3: If there are no feasible scales (SinglePageScales is empty):

[0418] Step 3.1: Calculate the number of sheets corresponding to each scale:

[0419] Traverse the AvailableScales list and calculate the number of sheets required for each scale.

[0420] Calculation formula: NumPages = Ceiling(TotalDepth / (PageHeight / 1000 * Scale))

[0421] Store the scale and the corresponding number of sheets in a dictionary or list, for example: ScalePageMap = {100: 3, 150: 2, 200: 2, 250: 1, 500: 1}

[0422] Step 3.2: Select the scale with the smallest number of sheets:

[0423] Find the minimum value of the number of sheets MinPages from ScalePageMap.

[0424] Create a new list MinPageScales to store all scales with the number of sheets equal to MinPages.

[0425] Step 3.3: If there are multiple scales with the minimum number of sheets (length of MinPageScales > 1):

[0426] Select the largest scale from the MinPageScales list as the optimal scale. (A larger scale means a smaller scale value and a more detailed drawing.)

[0427] Step 3.4: Otherwise (length of MinPageScales == 1):

[0428] The only scale in MinPageScales is the optimal scale.

[0429] Step 4: Return the result:

[0430] If the optimal scale is found, return the scale.

[0431] Otherwise, return None, indicating that no suitable scale is found.

[0432] (3) Automatic arrangement of multiple sheets

[0433] Determine the layout method: Select a suitable layout method according to actual requirements:

[0434] Vertical arrangement: Arrange multiple drawing sheets vertically in sequence, applicable to situations where continuous depth information needs to be displayed.

[0435] Horizontal arrangement: Arrange multiple drawing sheets horizontally in sequence, applicable to situations where the number of drawing sheets is small.

[0436] Coordinate calculation: Automatically calculate the coordinate positions of each drawing sheet in the final output result according to the selected layout method.

[0437] Vertical arrangement: The X coordinates of each drawing sheet are the same, and the Y coordinates decrease sequentially. The decrease amount is the height of the drawing sheet plus a certain spacing.

[0438] Horizontal arrangement: The Y coordinates of each drawing sheet are the same, and the X coordinates increase sequentially. The increase amount is the width of the drawing sheet plus a certain spacing.

[0439] Overall centering: Center the spliced bar chart in the output area to ensure aesthetics.

[0440] (4) Automatic generation process of bar chart

[0441] The automatic generation process of the bar chart first reads the structured drilling data and the user-defined drawing frame template, then intelligently selects the scale according to the drilling depth and calculates the number of drawing sheets. Next, it loops to draw the bar chart content of each drawing sheet, including lithology, depth, patterns, etc. Finally, all the drawing sheets are arranged in sequence to form a complete bar chart result.

[0442] The specific implementation technical solution is as follows.

[0443] Step 1: Read data:

[0444] Read the data of the specified borehole from the structured drilling data center, including basic borehole information, formation information, test data, etc.

[0445] Read the drawing frame template and parameter settings selected by the user.

[0446] Step 2: Calculate the number of drawing sheets:

[0447] Calculate the number of drawing sheets required according to the total drilling depth and the scale selected by the user.

[0448] Step 3: Loop to draw each drawing:

[0449] According to the number of drawing sheets, loop to perform the following operations:

[0450] Create a new drawing sheet.

[0451] Draw the drawing frame and fill in the relevant information (drawing name, project name, etc.).

[0452] Calculate the starting depth and ending depth of the current drawing sheet.

[0453] Draw information such as formation lithology and test data in the drawing area according to the data items selected by the user.

[0454] Automatically label depth information, lithology names, formation ages, etc.

[0455] For different data types, adopt different drawing methods:

[0456] Formation lithology: Obtain the corresponding pattern from the lithology pattern standard library according to the lithology code and fill it.

[0457] Test data: Draw corresponding curves according to the test type.

[0458] Water table: Mark the water table.

[0459] Step 4: Output results:

[0460] Stitch the generated multiple bar charts to form a complete bar chart result.

[0461] Export the results in multiple formats, such as: CAD, PDF, pictures, etc.

[0462] Step Six: 3D Display and Application Scenarios of Borehole Results

[0463] This step uses the 3D visualization ability of the BIM+GIS platform to display the structured borehole data in an intuitive and interactive way, facilitating users to understand the geological situation from the perspective of the 3D space and perform auxiliary analysis.

[0464] (I) Borehole 3D Visualization

[0465] The core objective of this module is to convert the borehole data stored in the database into intuitive 3D graphics, display them in the BIM+GIS 3D scene, and associate detailed data information with the 3D graphics to achieve interactive query and analysis.

[0466] (1) Data Acquisition and Conversion

[0467] Database connection:

[0468] Use a database connection library (for example: `psycopg2` in Python for PostgreSQL, `pymysql` for MySQL) to establish a connection to the database storing the borehole data.

[0469] The connection information includes database type, server address, port number, username, password, database name, etc.

[0470] Data query:

[0471] Write an SQL query statement to retrieve the borehole data that needs to be visualized in 3D from the database. The query statement needs to be adjusted according to the specific database table structure.

[0472] The retrieved data should include:

[0473] Basic borehole information: Borehole number, X coordinate, Y coordinate, Z coordinate (elevation at the hole mouth), and borehole depth.

[0474] Stratum information: Layer number, top depth of the layer, bottom depth of the layer, stratum code, lithology description, etc.

[0475] According to the need, other relevant data can also be retrieved, such as in-situ test results, sampling information, etc.

[0476] Data conversion:

[0477] Convert the data retrieved from the database into a data structure that can be processed by the program.

[0478] For example: Convert the data into a dictionary or object in Python and perform necessary data type conversions (e.g., convert strings to numerical values).

[0479] (2) 3D borehole drawing

[0480] 3D engine selection: Select a suitable 3D rendering engine for creating and managing 3D scenes. Commonly used 3D engines include:

[0481] Cesium: Suitable for large-scale geographical scenes and supports various GIS data formats.

[0482] Jingtian Road Map: Has rich BIM+GIS integration capabilities, with good rendering effects and interactivity.

[0483] Coordinate system conversion: Ensure that the coordinate system of the borehole data is consistent with that of the 3D scene. If not, coordinate system conversion is required.

[0484] Borehole geometry creation:

[0485] For each borehole, create a 3D cylinder object.

[0486] Parameter settings for the cylinder:

[0487] Position: Set the center coordinates of the top surface of the cylinder to the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the borehole.

[0488] Height: Set the height of the cylinder to the borehole depth.

[0489] Radius: The radius of the cylinder is set to a relatively small value, such as 0.5 meters or 1 meter, to avoid blocking other drill holes.

[0490] Number of segments: Controls the smoothness of the cylinder. The larger the number of segments, the smoother the cylinder.

[0491] Stratigraphic color mapping:

[0492] Traverse the stratigraphic information of the drill holes and set different colors for each stratigraphic segment according to the stratigraphic code or lithology type.

[0493] Pre-define a set of color schemes to map different stratigraphic types to different colors.

[0494] For each stratigraphic segment, create a new cylinder object whose position and height correspond to the depth range of that segment, and set the color to the color of that segment.

[0495] Combine the cylinder objects of all stratigraphic segments into a whole as the visual representation of the drill hole.

[0496] (3) Effect rendering

[0497] Lighting settings:

[0498] Set the lighting effect of the 3D scene to enhance the realism of the scene.

[0499] Multiple types of light sources such as ambient light, directional light, and point light can be set.

[0500] Adjust parameters such as the color, intensity, and position of the light source to achieve the best visual effect.

[0501] Texture mapping (optional):

[0502] Add texture mapping to the drill hole cylinder and terrain surface, such as: rock texture, etc., to improve the realism of the scene.

[0503] Pre-prepared texture images can be used, or procedurally generated textures can also be used.

[0504] (4) Data connection

[0505] Object identification, set a unique identifier for each drill hole cylinder object, such as: drill hole number;

[0506] Associate this identifier with the primary key of the drill hole data in the database;

[0507] Event listening, listen for mouse click events or other interaction events.

[0508] When the user clicks on a certain drill hole cylinder, obtain the identifier of that object.

[0509] (2)3D Interactive View of Boreholes

[0510] This module provides multiple interaction methods, enabling users to conveniently view and analyze borehole data in a 3D scene, including viewing detailed information of individual boreholes, viewing formation distributions on specified cross-sections, and filtering and screening boreholes based on specific conditions.

[0511] (1)Inspection of Individual Boreholes

[0512] ① Interaction Methods:

[0513] Mouse Click: Users can click on the borehole cylinder in the 3D scene to trigger the display of information.

[0514] Hover Highlighting: When the mouse hovers over a borehole, the borehole is highlighted to prompt the user to perform a click operation.

[0515] ② Information Presentation:

[0516] It is presented through an information panel. An InfoWindow pops up to display the detailed information of the borehole.

[0517] Basic Information: Borehole number, coordinates, elevation at the hole opening, starting time of drilling, ending time of drilling, etc.

[0518] Formation Information:

[0519] The formation information is displayed layer by layer in the form of a table or list.

[0520] The displayed fields include layer number, top depth of the layer, bottom depth of the layer, formation name, lithology description, formation age code, etc.

[0521] Color coding can be used to distinguish different formation types with different colors.

[0522] In-situ Test Information:

[0523] The test results of in-situ tests are displayed.

[0524] If there are multiple test results, they can be presented in the form of a table or list.

[0525] The displayed fields include test type, test depth, original number of blows, corrected number of blows, rod length correction factor, etc.

[0526] Sampling Information:

[0527] The sample number, type, sampling depth, etc. are displayed.

[0528] If there are multiple samples, they can be presented in the form of a table or list.

[0529] Groundwater level:

[0530] Displays the depth of the groundwater level.

[0531] Displays the measurement time.

[0532] Information tooltip: When the mouse hovers, a simple information tooltip is displayed, for example, only the borehole number and depth are shown.

[0533] (2)Cross-Section View

[0534] ① Definition of the cross-section path

[0535] Select the cross-section creation method:

[0536] The user selects a cross-section creation method on the interface, for example:

[0537] Mouse Drawing;

[0538] Import Path File;

[0539] Follow BIM Object.

[0540] Perform corresponding operations according to the selected creation method:

[0541] If "Mouse Drawing" is selected:

[0542] Listen for mouse click events and record the coordinates of the points clicked by the user.

[0543] Connect these points into a path. The path can be a straight line, a polyline or a curve, which can be selected according to actual needs. A spline curve can be used to smooth the path.

[0544] Realtime display the drawn path and allow the user to modify it at any time.

[0545] If "Import Path File" is selected:

[0546] Pop up a file selection dialog box to allow the user to select the path file to be imported (for example: CAD file, KML file, etc.).

[0547] Parse the imported file and extract the path information from it.

[0548] Display the extracted path information in the 3D scene.

[0549] If "Follow BIM Object" is selected:

[0550] Allow the user to select a BIM object (e.g., road, pipeline, wall, etc.) in the 3D scene.

[0551] Extract the geometric information of the object from the BIM model as the profile path.

[0552] Display the extracted path information in the 3D scene.

[0553] Path editing (optional):

[0554] Provide path editing tools to allow the user to modify the created path.

[0555] Allow the user to add, delete, move nodes, and adjust the shape of the profile.

[0556] Provide a smoothing function to allow the user to smooth the profile line.

[0557] Confirm the profile path:

[0558] The user confirms that the drawing is complete.

[0559] ② Profile range definition

[0560] Set the horizontal projection range:

[0561] Provide a numeric input box to allow the user to enter the value of the horizontal projection range.

[0562] The horizontal projection range refers to the horizontal distance on both sides of the profile line, usually in meters.

[0563] This value determines which boreholes will be projected onto the profile drawing.

[0564] Set the vertical range:

[0565] Specify the vertical range to set the height range of the profile display.

[0566] ③ Data extraction and projection

[0567] Obtain all borehole data:

[0568] Read all borehole data from the database, including borehole number, coordinates, depth, formation information, etc.

[0569] Calculate the distance from the borehole to the profile path:

[0570] For each borehole, calculate its distance to the profile path.

[0571] If the profile path is a curve, it is necessary to discretize the curve into a series of line segments, then calculate the distance from the borehole to each line segment, and select the shortest distance as the final distance.

[0572] Screening projection boreholes:

[0573] According to the horizontally projected range set by the user, screen out the boreholes that need to be projected onto the cross-section diagram.

[0574] Only retain the boreholes whose distance to the cross-section path is less than or equal to the projected range.

[0575] Calculating projection positions:

[0576] For each borehole that needs to be projected, calculate its projection position on the cross-section diagram.

[0577] Find the projection point of the borehole on the cross-section path. This projection point lies on the cross-section path and the line connecting it to the borehole is perpendicular to the cross-section path.

[0578] The X coordinate of the projection point: is the distance from the starting point of the cross-section along the cross-section line to the projection point.

[0579] The Z coordinate of the projection point: is the ground surface elevation obtained from the DEM data at this projection point

[0580] Use the coordinate transformation formula to convert the three-dimensional world coordinates into the two-dimensional coordinates of the cross-section diagram.

[0581] ④ Cross-section diagram drawing

[0582] Create a cross-section diagram object:

[0583] Create a new cross-section diagram object to store various information about the cross-section diagram.

[0584] The cross-section diagram object can contain the following attributes:

[0585] Cross-section path: a set of coordinate points of the cross-section line.

[0586] Projected boreholes: a list of boreholes that need to be projected onto the cross-section diagram.

[0587] Horizontally projected range: the horizontally projected range of the cross-section.

[0588] Scale: the display scale of the cross-section diagram.

[0589] Draw the ground line:

[0590] Extract the elevation information on the cross-section line according to the terrain data (such as DEM).

[0591] Convert the extracted elevation information into coordinate points on the cross-section diagram.

[0592] Connect these coordinate points with line segments to draw the ground line.

[0593] Draw the borehole histogram:

[0594] Traverse the boreholes that need to be projected onto the cross-section diagram and draw borehole histograms at the calculated projection positions.

[0595] According to the lithology information, use stratification lines to represent different lithologies.

[0596] Add auxiliary information:

[0597] Add information such as scale, coordinate axes, and legend on the cross-section diagram.

[0598] (3)Filter View

[0599] ① Filter condition setting: Provide various filtering conditions to allow users to filter boreholes according to specific attribute values:

[0600] Borehole attributes: For example: borehole type, borehole depth, opening time, etc.

[0601] Stratum attributes: For example: stratum age code, lithology type, etc.

[0602] Test results: For example: SPT blow count range, moisture content range, etc.

[0603] ② Filtering methods: Support multiple filtering methods:

[0604] Attribute value selection: Allow users to select specific attribute values. For example: only show boreholes with the borehole type of "exploration hole".

[0605] Numerical range setting: Allow users to set numerical ranges. For example: only show boreholes with a borehole depth between 10 meters and 20 meters.

[0606] Keyword search: Allow users to input keywords. For example: input "clay", then only show boreholes containing the "clay" lithology.

[0607] ③ Display of filtered results:

[0608] Hide: Hide the boreholes that do not meet the filtering conditions and only show the boreholes that meet the conditions.

[0609] Highlight: Highlight the boreholes that meet the filtering conditions to distinguish them from other boreholes.

[0610] Statistics: Display the number of boreholes that meet the filtering conditions on the interface.

[0611] (III) Application scenarios of borehole results

[0612] Constructing digital and structured borehole results is not only to improve the exploration efficiency, but more importantly, to lay a solid data foundation for various subsequent engineering applications. The following are some main application scenarios:

[0613] (1)3D Geological Modeling

[0614] Application description: 3D geological modeling uses structured borehole data to construct a visual 3D geological model, which can intuitively display the stratigraphic structure, lithology distribution, and geological structures such as faults and folds, thereby assisting geological analysis and engineering decision-making.

[0615] Specific implementation: Read structured borehole data through geological modeling software, use algorithms such as Kriging interpolation to create a continuous stratigraphic surface, and perform 3D filling based on borehole lithology information to construct a 3D geological body containing stratigraphic, lithological, and structural information, and finally realize the visualization and interaction of the model on the BIM+GIS platform.

[0616] Value embodiment: The 3D geological model can provide accurate geological basis for engineering design, more intuitively reveal geological laws, assist in geological hazard risk assessment, underground space development and utilization, and engineering plan demonstration under complex geological conditions.

[0617] (2)Bearing Stratum Selection

[0618] Application description: Bearing stratum selection uses structured borehole data, combines the bearing capacity calculation formula of the foundation and engineering experience, and automatically recommends the stratum that meets the bearing capacity requirements as the bearing stratum of the foundation, reducing the subjectivity of manual judgment and improving the efficiency and safety of foundation design.

[0619] Specific implementation: The system screens out potential bearing strata based on borehole data, then reads information such as geotechnical parameters and geological ages, automatically calculates the bearing capacity based on the bearing capacity calculation formula of the foundation, and compares it with the set safety factor to select the stratum that meets the requirements as the recommended bearing stratum.

[0620] Value embodiment: The automated selection of the bearing stratum can speed up the design process, avoid omissions that may be caused by manual selection, and provide a scientific basis for subsequent foundation treatment plans, thereby effectively reducing the risk of foundation design and ensuring project safety.

[0621] (3)Ground Improvement Optimization

[0622] Application description: Ground improvement optimization is based on structured borehole data and combines a ground improvement method database to recommend suitable ground improvement plans for different geological conditions, providing an economically feasible ground improvement strategy for engineering construction under complex geological conditions.

[0623] Specific implementation: The system reads structured drilling data, automatically evaluates indicators such as the bearing capacity, settlement, and stability of the foundation, then matches these indicators with the applicable conditions in the database of foundation treatment methods, recommends one or more applicable foundation treatment schemes, and sorts and filters them according to the project characteristics.

[0624] Value embodiment: This application can effectively avoid blindly selecting foundation treatment methods, provide multiple alternative schemes for engineers, reduce the foundation treatment cost, and improve the overall project efficiency on the premise of ensuring project safety.

[0625] (4)Quantity Takeoff:

[0626] Application description: Quantity Takeoff constructs a three-dimensional geological model through structured drilling data and superimposes the design drawings (BIM model) on it to achieve automatic calculation of quantities such as earthwork excavation, backfilling, and foundation treatment, providing accurate data support for project cost.

[0627] Specific implementation: The system converts structured drilling data into a three-dimensional geological model, then performs spatial superposition with the BIM model, analyzes the relationship between the designed excavation surface and the geological model, automatically calculates parameters such as the volume and area of various earth and stone works, and generates a detailed quantity list.

[0628] Value embodiment: This application can greatly improve the efficiency and accuracy of quantity calculation, effectively avoid errors caused by manual calculation, and provide a reliable basis for project cost, thus improving the refinement degree of project management.

[0629] (5)Settlement Prediction and Deformation Analysis:

[0630] Application description: Settlement Prediction and Deformation Analysis uses structured drilling data, combined with numerical calculation methods (such as finite element analysis), to predict the settlement and deformation of buildings and structures under the action of loads, providing a scientific basis for foundation stability evaluation and deformation control.

[0631] Specific implementation: The system uses structured drilling data to construct a refined foundation model, then imports the load information of buildings and structures, calculates using finite element analysis software, simulates the settlement and deformation of the foundation under different loads, and generates settlement curves and deformation diagrams.

[0632] Value embodiment: This application can effectively predict the settlement amount, settlement rate, and differential settlement of the foundation, evaluate the stability of the foundation, and provide a basis for the design and optimization of foundation treatment schemes, thus preventing structural damage caused by settlement.

[0633] (6)Slope Stability Assessment

[0634] Application Description: The slope stability assessment combines structured borehole data and topographic data to quantitatively analyze the slope stability, evaluate the risks of geological disasters such as landslides, provide a basis for slope support design, and ensure the safe operation of highway projects.

[0635] Specific Implementation: The system first constructs a three-dimensional geological model of the slope using structured borehole data, then combines the topographic data, calculates parameters such as the slope gradient and height of the slope, and conducts mechanical analysis to obtain the stability safety factor of the slope under different working conditions.

[0636] Value Embodiment: Provide engineers with detailed geological information, mechanical parameters, stability analysis results, as well as the best safety factor and guarantee plan.

[0637] Example 3

[0638] This example provides a full-process digital management system for boreholes based on BIM+GIS technology, which is characterized by including the following modules:

[0639] Three-Dimensional Environment Module: Used to import and register the BIM model, the GIS data, and the geological basic data to generate the three-dimensional visualization environment;

[0640] Rule Storage Module: Used to store the requirements related to borehole layout in the national engineering investigation standards, and at the same time store the data structure standard library of the actual boreholes, the stratigraphic age symbol library, and the stratigraphic lithology pattern library;

[0641] Mobile Acquisition Module: Integrates OCR technology and structured verification to collect and verify the data of the actual boreholes;

[0642] Histogram Generation Module: Parses the custom template, dynamically arranges the lithology histogram module, the standard penetration blow count module, and the groundwater level module and fills in the lithology patterns;

[0643] Visualization Analysis Module: Displays the borehole model in the three-dimensional visualization environment, supporting functions such as click query, profile generation, and data filtering;

[0644] Data Center Module: Manages the data of the actual boreholes based on a relational database, and provides an API interface for interaction with external systems.

Claims

1. A drilling full-process digital management method based on BIM+GIS technology, characterized in that: The specific steps include: S1. Build a 3D visualization environment by combining BIM model, GIS data and geological basic data; S2, based on the three-dimensional visualization environment constructed in S1 and in combination with engineering survey standards, drilling layout is performed, and actual drilling operation is performed according to the drilling layout; S3. Based on the mobile terminal program, collect and check the actual drilling data; S4, entering the information of the drilling layout and the data of the actual drilling into the drilling data structure standard library; S5, generating a drilling histogram using the drilling data structure standard library; S6, displaying the actual drilling data in the three-dimensional visualization environment; The drilling arrangement of S2 is specifically to build an automated drilling arrangement process, including the following steps: S21. Extract the requirements related to drilling layout in the engineering survey standards, including the requirements for drilling location, drilling depth, drilling quantity, and drilling requirements under special geological conditions; S22, digitizing the requirements related to the drilling layout and inputting them into a rule base; S23, reading the GIS data and the geological basic data, and generating candidate drilling points based on the rule base; S24, optimizing the drilling positions of the candidate drilling points by spatial conflict detection and terrain adaptability adjustment, and adjusting the drilling depth based on the rule base to obtain optimized drilling points, and controlling the number of the optimized drilling points by setting a density threshold, and deleting the optimized drilling points if the density threshold is exceeded; S25, displaying the optimized drilling points in the three-dimensional visualization environment as a preliminary layout plan, and manually checking and optimizing the preliminary layout plan.

2. According to claim 1, a drilling full-process digital management method based on BIM+GIS technology is characterized in that: The basic geological data required in S1 include regional geological maps, structural outline maps, active fault distribution maps and historical drilling data.

3. The method for digital management of the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The S3 specifically collects drilling data through a structured data entry interface, and integrates OCR technology to convert drilling record images into structured data. At the same time, the actual drilling data entered is verified in real time, and finally the actual drilling data processed by the mobile terminal program is synchronized to the data center.

4. The method for digital management of the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The drilling data structure standard library in S4 is for standardizing the drilling layout information and the actual drilling data. The stratigraphic age symbols in the drilling layout information and the actual drilling data are derived from the stratigraphic age symbol library, and the lithological patterns in the drilling layout information and the actual drilling data are derived from the stratigraphic lithological pattern library.

5. According to claim 1, a drilling full-process digital management method based on BIM+GIS technology is characterized in that: The S5 generates a borehole column chart and needs to dynamically layout the lithology column chart module, the SPB hits module and the groundwater level module, wherein the width of the lithology column chart module, the SPB hits module and the groundwater level module are adjusted specifically according to the priority of the lithology column chart module, the SPB hits module and the groundwater level module. If the total width of the lithology column chart module, the SPB hits module and the groundwater level module is insufficient, they are stretched to the maximum width according to the importance of the module. If the total width of the lithology column chart module, the SPB hits module and the groundwater level module exceeds the set threshold, they are reduced to the minimum width according to the priority of the module.

6. The method for digital management of the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology according to claim 5 is characterized in that: The S6 displays the actual drilling data in the three-dimensional visualization environment, including a profile analysis and a data filter; The profile analysis generates a geological profile by projecting the drilled strata onto the profile diagram through a custom profile path and combining the topographic data; The data filtering selects and highlights target boreholes by borehole type, depth range or lithology keyword.

7. A digital management system for the entire drilling process based on BIM+GIS technology, characterized in that: The system implements a drilling full-process digital management method based on BIM+GIS technology as described in any one of claims 1 to 6, including the following modules: 3D environment module: used to import and register BIM models, GIS data and geological basic data to generate a 3D visualization environment; Rule storage module: used to store the requirements related to drilling layout in the engineering survey standards, and store the data structure standard library, stratigraphic age symbol library and stratigraphic lithology pattern library of actual drilling; Mobile acquisition module: integrating OCR technology and structured verification to collect and verify the actual drilling data; Histogram generation module: parse custom templates, dynamically layout lithology histogram module, standard penetration number module and groundwater level module and fill in lithology patterns; Visualization analysis module: displays the drilling model in the three-dimensional visualization environment, and supports click query, profile generation and data filtering functions; Data center module: manages the actual drilling data based on a relational database and provides an API interface to interact with external systems.

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