Design method of leveling hydraulic system of aerial ladder fire truck aerial work platform

Abstract

The application discloses a design method of a leveling hydraulic system of an aerial working platform of a ladder fire engine, and the method is characterized in that: the working condition of the leveling hydraulic system of the aerial working platform of the ladder fire engine is determined; the additive manufacturing technology is applied to the multi-element integrated design of the leveling hydraulic system of the aerial working platform of the ladder fire engine, and the targeted lightweight treatment and element integrated design are carried out, so that the high integration of the power and control parts of the leveling hydraulic system shell is realized; and according to the forming characteristics of the additive manufacturing, the cavity opening direction, the flow channel and the overhanging structure direction are redesigned, so that the weight and the pressure loss of the integrated components are greatly reduced, and the lightweight and integration of the leveling hydraulic system of the aerial working platform of the ladder fire engine are of great significance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application belong to the field of hydraulic transmission control, and in particular to a design method for a leveling hydraulic system for an aerial work platform of a ladder fire truck. Background Art

[0002] A ladder fire truck is a specialized fire truck designed specifically for responding to high-rise building fires and conducting high-altitude rescue operations. Equipped with a retractable ladder or robotic arm, the ladder also features an aerial work platform at the end. The key to the aerial work platform is the leveling hydraulic system, which is responsible for functions such as stowing and unfolding the work platform, adjusting its angle, and leveling it. While ladder fire trucks play an important role in high-altitude firefighting and rescue operations, their platform leveling hydraulic systems suffer from low adjustment efficiency, low payload, high weight, and bulky size. Metal additive manufacturing technology offers a way to achieve an integrated, lightweight design for leveling hydraulic systems. However, design methods based on additive manufacturing are currently nearly nonexistent. Summary of the Invention

[0003] In response to the shortcomings of the existing technology, the present invention provides a design method for a leveling hydraulic system of an aerial work platform of a ladder fire truck, which is used to realize the integration and lightweight design of the leveling hydraulic system using metal additive manufacturing technology.

[0004] A design method for a leveling hydraulic system for an aerial work platform of a ladder fire truck, the method comprising the following steps:

[0005] (1) Determine the operating conditions of the hydraulic system for leveling the aerial work platform of the ladder fire truck;

[0006] (2) Optimizing the hydraulic principle diagram, dividing the system into functions and selecting integration objects, and performing parameter matching and type selection on the hydraulic components according to the operating conditions of step (1);

[0007] (3) Determine the four major constraints of forming, processing, installation and performance;

[0008] (4) Minimum envelope layout design of spatial cavity plane mapping;

[0009] (5) Fusion design of components and special-shaped oil tanks, as well as local lightweight design and sealing design;

[0010] (6) Design downstream low pressure loss flow channels;

[0011] (7) Static optimization and simulation of flow channel pressure loss in the leveling hydraulic system;

[0012] (8) Additive manufacturing and heat treatment of prototypes;

[0013] (9) Prototype assembly and function and performance testing.

[0014] Specifically, the determination of the operating conditions of the aerial work platform leveling hydraulic system of the ladder fire truck includes the system rated and limit working pressures, system flow, system load, and stroke.

[0015] Furthermore, the optimization of the hydraulic principle diagram in step (2) refers to designing a new oil circuit logic based on the hydraulic principles under the isotropic manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing forming methods and the characteristics of additive manufacturing; the division of functions and selection of integration objects refers to dividing the system into power modules and functional modules according to the functions of each part and the actual usage scenarios, so as to determine the subsequent integration design objects; the parameter matching and selection refers to calculating the relevant parameters of the components according to the numerical values ​​of the working conditions described in step (1) based on the usage conditions, and selecting the corresponding hydraulic components, including motors, pumps, hydraulic cylinders, reversing valves, one-way valves, overflow valves and shuttle valves.

[0016] Specifically, the four major constraints of forming, processing, installation and performance are as follows:

[0017] (a) Forming constraints: Due to the forming characteristics of additive manufacturing and the influence of the forming angle, in order to avoid the formation of overhanging structures, it is necessary to design transition structures and support structures and select appropriate forming directions and design base surfaces;

[0018] (b) Processing constraints: The design results can be processed into various parts by existing processing methods;

[0019] (c) Installation constraints: The installation positions of components on the integrated assembly need to be arranged reasonably to avoid external interference, and appropriate assembly distances should be maintained to facilitate the use of installation tools. The installation sequence of each component should be reasonably designed to ensure subsequent successful assembly;

[0020] (d) Performance constraints: The arrangement of component positions can only complete the preliminary integrated lightweight design. On this basis, the flow path is reasonably arranged to reduce the height of the integrated prototype.

[0021] Furthermore, the minimum envelope arrangement design of the spatial cavity plane mapping includes element envelope volume extraction and confirmation of the main elements of the design space, plane mapping based on the cavity structure opening direction consistency criterion, and plane tight arrangement based on the minimum assembly spacing; the element envelope volume extraction and confirmation of the main elements of the design space refers to extracting the maximum envelope volume of the element and simplifying it into a cylinder or a cuboid for subsequent arrangement; the plane mapping based on the cavity structure opening direction consistency criterion means that additive manufacturing technology cannot achieve the forming of a closed structure in a completely suspended state, and one side opening must be retained as a covering surface. Such holes and hollow structures that need to retain openings are uniformly referred to as cavity structures, and the cavity opening direction is consistent with the additive manufacturing forming direction; the plane tight arrangement based on the minimum assembly spacing means first determining the position of the main element with a larger volume, and then planning the remaining elements with smaller envelope volumes in sequence according to the connection logic of the hydraulic schematic diagram. During planning, installation constraints must be observed and the minimum installation spacing must be determined.

[0022] Furthermore, the fusion design of the components and the special-shaped oil tank means that the installation side end cover of the motor and the gear pump can be integrated into the connecting valve body for an integrated design, and the hydraulic oil tank is redesigned to be integrated into the valve body part, and the opening direction of the oil tank cover also complies with the consistency of the opening direction of the cavity structure; the local lightweight design means removing the originally redundant physical volume of each part, and only retaining the thickness and functional interface that meet the strength requirements; the sealing design means that the gear pump is integrated into the design, the gear pump sealing structure is redesigned to achieve high and low pressure cavity sealing and design the oil tank seal.

[0023] Furthermore, the designed downstream low-pressure loss flow channel includes a Z-direction adjustment element to determine the flow channel interface and a reasonable inclination angle, and a flow channel design based on the consistency criterion of the inclination direction of the overhang structure; the Z-direction adjustment element to determine the flow channel interface and the reasonable inclination angle means that during forming, as the number of printing layers increases, the forming effect of the sample will change, so it is necessary to select a larger forming angle to ensure the forming quality of the overhang structure; the flow channel design based on the consistency criterion of the inclination direction of the overhang structure means that when the above-mentioned reasonable inclination angle is met, the flow channel direction is consistent with the powder-spreading direction of the printer scraper to ensure the forming quality, and the inclination direction of the overhang structure needs to be consistent with the powder-spreading direction of the printer scraper to ensure the forming quality.

[0024] Furthermore, the statics and pressure loss simulation refers to using the static structure analysis module of ANSYS to perform strength analysis on the leveling hydraulic system shell, and when the maximum equivalent stress result does not meet the material strength, returning to the above steps (4)-(7) for correction and optimization until the requirements are met; using the Fluent module of ANSYS to perform pressure loss simulation on the leveling hydraulic system flow channel, and when the pressure loss result does not meet the design index, returning to the above steps (4)-(7) for correction and optimization until the requirements are met.

[0025] Furthermore, the prototype additive manufacturing and heat treatment refers to the parameter selection of additive manufacturing forming laser power, exposure time, dot pitch, scanning spacing, layer thickness and scanning strategy. The parameter selection specifically includes: laser power 400W, exposure time 80μs, dot pitch 60μm, scanning spacing 110μm, layer thickness 50μm, and scanning strategy is Stripe; at the same time, due to the difference in performance of metal materials in the printed state and the heat treated state, the integrated components need to be heat treated after manufacturing to prevent defects and stress concentration.

[0026] Furthermore, the prototype assembly and function and performance testing refers to assembling the above-mentioned integrated components with motors, valves and other components, and conducting pressure resistance and sealing tests, pressure loss test experiments of integrated prototype components, and bench installation test experiments of integrated prototypes as required.

[0027] By adopting the above scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0028] The present invention applies additive manufacturing technology to the integrated design of multiple components of the leveling hydraulic system of the aerial work platform of a ladder fire truck, performs targeted lightweight processing and component fusion design, and realizes a high degree of integration of the power and control parts of the leveling hydraulic system shell. The cavity opening direction, flow channel, and overhang structure direction are redesigned according to the molding characteristics of additive manufacturing, which greatly reduces the weight and pressure loss of the integrated components, and is of great significance to the lightweighting and integration of the hydraulic system of the aerial work platform of a ladder fire truck. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0030] Figure 1 This is a design method flow chart of a multi-component integrated design method for a leveling hydraulic system of an aerial work platform of a ladder fire truck provided by the present invention;

[0031] Figure 2It is an integrated component shell that is part of a multi-component integrated design method for a leveling hydraulic system of an aerial work platform of a ladder fire truck provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with specific embodiments of the present invention and corresponding drawings. Obviously, the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0033] The following will be combined with the accompanying drawings of the present invention to provide a clear and complete description of the technical solutions in this design method. Figure 1 The embodiment of the present invention provides a multi-component integrated design method for the leveling hydraulic system of the aerial work platform of a ladder fire truck, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0034] Step 1: Determine the operating conditions of the aerial work platform leveling hydraulic system of the ladder fire truck.

[0035] Specifically, the operating conditions include system rated and ultimate working pressure, system flow, system load, and stroke.

[0036] Step 2: Optimize the hydraulic schematic diagram, divide the functional modules and select the integration objects, parameter matching and selection.

[0037] Specifically, hydraulic schematic optimization refers to designing a new oil circuit logic based on the hydraulic principles of traditional equal-material manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing, based on the characteristics of additive manufacturing; dividing functional modules and selecting integration objects refers to dividing the system into power modules, functional modules, etc. according to the functions of each part and the actual usage scenarios, to determine the subsequent integration design objects; parameter matching and selection refers to calculating the relevant parameters of the response components according to the numerical values ​​of the usage conditions based on the usage conditions of the step one, and selecting the corresponding hydraulic components, including motors, pumps, hydraulic cylinders, reversing valves, one-way valves, overflow valves, shuttle valves, etc.

[0038] Step three: determine the constraints.

[0039] Specifically, the constraints mainly include four parts. The first is the forming constraint. When using additive manufacturing for integrated design, due to the influence of the forming angle, it is necessary to avoid the appearance of overhanging structures as much as possible and make the forming angle as large as possible. When it cannot be avoided, the transition structure and support structure need to be reasonably designed. Due to the structural complexity of the integrated design, the forming direction may also lead to the appearance of cantilever structures, and it is necessary to select an appropriate design base and forming direction. During forming, as the number of printing layers increases, the forming effect of the sample will change. Therefore, within the forming space, the flat design should be carried out as much as possible in the XY plane, and the dimensions in the Z (height) direction should be compressed as much as possible to avoid excessive supports, shorten printing time, and be more conducive to the stable forming of the sample. The second is the processing constraint. After the integrated component is formed, further machining is required to meet the subsequent installation and use requirements. During the design process, it is necessary to consider whether the design results can be successfully processed by existing processing methods to produce each part to be processed, and to minimize the difficulty of processing and ensure the convenience of processing. During design, the machining surface should be kept on the same plane as much as possible, reducing the number of reference planes during machining and reducing machining errors caused by multiple positioning. Different degrees of machining allowance should be maintained for different machining areas to prevent scrap caused by single machining errors. Third, there are installation constraints. Due to the maximum molding size limit of the forming chamber of the printer, the maximum design space of the integrated assembly is limited. Secondly, the integrated assembly contains multiple plug-ins and auxiliary components. The installation positions of the components on the integrated assembly must be arranged reasonably to avoid external interference, maintain appropriate assembly distances to facilitate the use of installation tools, and rationally design and arrange the installation sequence of each component to ensure successful subsequent assembly. Fourth, there are performance constraints. After determining the relative positions of the components, they need to be connected through hydraulic flow channels. The arrangement of component positions only completes the initial stage of integrated lightweight design. Furthermore, it is necessary to improve the overall flow performance of the integrated assembly and leveling hydraulic system and reduce pressure loss. Therefore, the rational layout of the flow path can further reduce the height of the integrated assembly, further reducing weight while improving the system's flow performance. The wall thickness of the flow channel must also meet strength constraints to ensure safety requirements under maximum operating pressure.

[0040] Step 4: Design the minimum envelope layout of the spatial cavity plane mapping.

[0041] Specifically, the minimum envelope arrangement design of spatial cavity plane mapping mainly includes the extraction of component envelope volume and confirmation of the main components of the design space, plane mapping based on the consistency criterion of the cavity structure opening direction, and plane close arrangement based on the minimum assembly spacing. The extraction of component envelope volume and confirmation of the main components of the design space refers to extracting the maximum envelope volume of the component and simplifying it into a cylinder or a cuboid to facilitate subsequent arrangement; plane mapping based on the consistency criterion of the cavity structure opening direction means that additive manufacturing technology cannot achieve the formation of a closed structure in a completely suspended state, and one side opening must be retained as a covering surface. The present invention uniformly refers to such holes and hollow structures that need to retain openings as cavity structures, and the cavity opening direction is consistent with the additive manufacturing forming direction; plane close arrangement based on the minimum assembly spacing means first determining the position of the main components with larger volumes, and then planning the remaining components with smaller envelope volumes in sequence according to the connection logic of the hydraulic schematic diagram. During planning, the installation constraints must be strictly observed, and the minimum installation spacing must be determined. As Figure 2 The first hydraulic cylinder interface, the first manual module connection port, the second manual module connection port, the one-way valve interface, the second hydraulic cylinder interface, and the manual part oil supply port are arranged on the same side of the shell, and the cavity opening directions are consistent; the first shuttle valve, the second shuttle valve, the electromagnetic reversing valve, the oil filling port, the overflow valve, and the pressure measuring joint are arranged on the same side of the shell, and the cavity opening directions are consistent.

[0042] Step five: Component and special-shaped oil tank integration design, local lightweight design, and sealing design.

[0043] Specifically, the integrated design of the component and special-shaped oil tank involves integrating the mounting end caps of the motor and gear pump into the connecting valve body, creating an integrated design. By removing the motor and gear pump end caps and machining the corresponding mounting structures on the existing connecting valve block, the design allows for direct installation. Due to the gear pump's simple structure and reduced size after lightweighting, the pump body can be integrated into the existing connecting valve block after removing the mounting end caps. Significant unused space remains on one side of the gear pump. To improve integration, the oil tank is designed as a special-shaped oil tank, enclosing this unused space and extending it outward to the specified volume. The opening direction of the oil tank cap also adheres to the same opening direction as the cavity structure described in step 4. Local lightweighting involves removing redundant physical volume from various components, retaining only the thickness required to meet strength requirements and functional interfaces. For example, a gear pump primarily consists of two end caps, a pump body, and an intermediate gear mechanism. Since the end caps and pump body are relatively large, the excess structural volume, aside from the necessary mounting and a certain safety wall thickness, can be removed, achieving lightweighting of the gear pump through model reconstruction. Similarly, the remaining components and valve bodies required the same lightweight design. The sealing design refers to the aforementioned integration of the gear pump into the design. The principle of the seal is to separate the low-pressure inlet area of ​​the gear pump from the high-pressure outlet area to prevent internal pressure leakage. The outer sealing ring is used to prevent the leakage of hydraulic oil from the gear pump's internal mechanism. The design was redesigned based on the original seal's cross-sectional dimensions and sealing principle. The oil tank's design was optimized to a regular shape. Although sealing cannot be achieved with a traditional circular-section sealing ring, it can be achieved with a custom-designed sealing strip with a rectangular cross-section.

[0044] Step 6: Design method of downstream low pressure loss flow channel.

[0045] Specifically, the downstream low-pressure-loss flow channel design method mainly includes the Z-direction adjustment element to determine the flow channel interface and reasonable inclination angle, and the flow channel design based on the overhang structure inclination direction consistency criterion. The Z-direction adjustment element to determine the flow channel interface and reasonable inclination angle means that during forming, as the number of printing layers increases, the forming effect of the sample will change. At the same time, the forming quality of the overhang structure is poor, so a larger forming angle needs to be selected; the flow channel design based on the overhang structure inclination direction consistency criterion means that when the above-mentioned reasonable inclination angle is met, the flow channel direction is consistent with the printer scraper powder spreading direction, and better forming quality is achieved. Therefore, the overhang structure inclination direction should be kept consistent with the printer scraper powder spreading direction as much as possible.

[0046] Step 7: Statics and pressure loss simulation.

[0047] Specifically, statics and pressure loss simulation refers to using the static structural analysis (StaticStructural) module of ANSYS to perform strength analysis on the leveling hydraulic system shell. When the maximum equivalent stress result does not meet the material strength, return to the above steps (4)-(7) for correction and optimization until the requirements are met; use the Fluent module of ANSYS to perform pressure loss simulation on the leveling hydraulic system flow channel. When the pressure loss result does not meet the design index, return to the above steps (4)-(7) for correction and optimization until the requirements are met.

[0048] Step 8: Prototype additive manufacturing and post-processing.

[0049] Specifically, prototype additive manufacturing and post-processing refers to the selection of parameters such as additive manufacturing laser power, exposure time, dot pitch, scanning spacing, layer thickness, and scanning strategy. The parameters of the present invention are laser power 400W, exposure time 80μs, dot pitch 60μm, scanning spacing 110μm, layer thickness 50μm, and scanning strategy Stripe; at the same time, the performance of metal materials in the printed state and heat-treated state is different. Although the printed state has high strength, the overall performance is poor, and it is easy to produce defects and stress concentration. Therefore, the integrated components need to be heat treated after manufacturing to improve the overall performance.

[0050] Step nine: Prototype assembly and function and performance testing.

[0051] Specifically, prototype assembly and function and performance testing refers to assembling the above-mentioned integrated components with motors, valves and other components, and conducting pressure resistance and sealing tests, pressure loss test experiments of integrated prototype components, and bench installation test experiments of integrated prototypes as required.

[0052] Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of the present application after considering the specification and practicing the contents disclosed herein. This application is intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the present application that follow the general principles of this application and include common knowledge or customary techniques in the art that are not disclosed in this application.

[0053] It will be understood that the present application is not limited to the exact construction that has been described above and shown in the drawings, and that various modifications and changes may be made without departing from the scope thereof.

Claims

1. A design method for a leveling hydraulic system for an aerial work platform of a ladder fire truck, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: (1) Determine the operating conditions of the hydraulic system for leveling the aerial work platform of the ladder fire truck; (2) Optimize the hydraulic principle diagram, divide the system into functions and select the integration objects, and perform parameter matching and type selection on the hydraulic components according to the working conditions of step (1); (3) Determine the four major constraints of forming, processing, installation and performance; (4) Minimum envelope layout design of spatial cavity plane mapping; (5) Fusion design of components and special-shaped oil tanks, as well as local lightweight design and sealing design; the fusion design of components and special-shaped oil tanks refers to the integration of the installation side end cover of the motor and gear pump into the connecting valve body for integrated design, and the hydraulic oil tank is redesigned to be integrated into the valve body part, and the opening direction of the oil tank cover also complies with the consistency of the opening direction of the cavity structure; the local lightweight design refers to the removal of the originally redundant physical volume of each part, and only retaining the thickness and functional interface that meet the strength requirements; the sealing design refers to the above-mentioned integration design of the gear pump, redesigning the gear pump sealing structure to achieve high and low pressure cavity sealing and designing the oil tank seal; (6) Design downstream low pressure loss flow channels; (7) Static optimization and simulation of flow channel pressure loss in the leveling hydraulic system; (8) Additive manufacturing and heat treatment of prototypes; (9) Prototype assembly and function and performance testing.

2. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The determination of the operating conditions of the aerial work platform leveling hydraulic system of the ladder fire truck includes the system rated and limit working pressures, system flow, system load, and stroke.

3. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optimization of the hydraulic principle diagram in step (2) refers to designing a new oil circuit logic based on the hydraulic principles under the isotropic manufacturing and subtractive manufacturing forming methods and the characteristics of additive manufacturing; the division of functions and selection of integration objects refers to dividing the system into power modules and functional modules according to the functions of each part and the actual usage scenarios, so as to determine the subsequent integration design objects; the parameter matching and selection refers to calculating the relevant parameters of the components according to the numerical values ​​of the working conditions described in step (1) based on the usage conditions, and selecting the corresponding hydraulic components, including motors, pumps, hydraulic cylinders, reversing valves, one-way valves, overflow valves and shuttle valves.

4. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The four major constraints of forming, processing, installation and performance are as follows: (a) Forming constraints: Due to the forming characteristics of additive manufacturing and the influence of the forming angle, in order to avoid the formation of overhanging structures, it is necessary to design transition structures and support structures and select appropriate forming directions and design base surfaces; (b) Processing constraints: The design results can be processed into various parts using existing processing methods; (c) Installation constraints: The installation positions of components on the integrated assembly need to be arranged reasonably to avoid external interference, and appropriate assembly distances must be maintained to facilitate the use of installation tools. The installation sequence of each component must be reasonably designed to ensure subsequent successful assembly. (d) Performance constraints: The arrangement of component positions can only complete the preliminary integrated lightweight design. On this basis, the flow path is reasonably arranged to reduce the height of the integrated prototype.

5. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The minimum envelope arrangement design of the spatial cavity plane mapping includes element envelope volume extraction and confirmation of the main elements of the design space, plane mapping based on the cavity structure opening direction consistency criterion, and plane tight arrangement based on the minimum assembly spacing; the element envelope volume extraction and confirmation of the main elements of the design space refers to extracting the maximum envelope volume of the element and simplifying it into a cylinder or a cuboid for subsequent arrangement; the plane mapping based on the cavity structure opening direction consistency criterion means that additive manufacturing technology cannot achieve the formation of a closed structure in a completely suspended state, and one side opening must be retained as a covering surface. Such holes and hollow structures that require openings are uniformly referred to as cavity structures, and the cavity opening direction is consistent with the additive manufacturing forming direction; the plane tight arrangement based on the minimum assembly spacing means first determining the position of the main element with a larger volume, and then planning the remaining elements with smaller envelope volumes in sequence according to the connection logic of the hydraulic schematic diagram. During planning, installation constraints must be observed and the minimum installation spacing must be determined.

6. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The designed downstream low-pressure loss flow channel includes a Z-direction adjustment element to determine the flow channel interface and a reasonable inclination angle, and a flow channel design based on the consistency criterion of the inclination direction of the overhang structure; the Z-direction adjustment element to determine the flow channel interface and the reasonable inclination angle means that during forming, as the number of printing layers increases, the forming effect of the sample will change, so it is necessary to select a larger forming angle to ensure the forming quality of the overhang structure; the flow channel design based on the consistency criterion of the inclination direction of the overhang structure means that when the above-mentioned reasonable inclination angle is met, the flow channel direction is consistent with the powder spreading direction of the printer scraper to ensure the forming quality, and the inclination direction of the overhang structure must be consistent with the powder spreading direction of the printer scraper to ensure the forming quality.

7. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The statics and pressure loss simulation refers to using the static structure analysis module of ANSYS to perform strength analysis on the leveling hydraulic system shell. When the maximum equivalent stress result does not meet the material strength, return to the above steps (4)-(7) for correction and optimization until the requirements are met; use the Fluent module of ANSYS to perform pressure loss simulation on the leveling hydraulic system flow channel. When the pressure loss result does not meet the design index, return to the above steps (4)-(7) for correction and optimization until the requirements are met.

8. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prototype additive manufacturing and heat treatment refers to the parameter selection of additive manufacturing forming laser power, exposure time, dot pitch, scanning spacing, layer thickness and scanning strategy. The parameter selection specifically includes: laser power 400 W, exposure time 80μs, dot pitch 60μm, scanning spacing 110μm, layer thickness 50μm, and scanning strategy is Stripe; at the same time, due to the difference in performance of metal materials in the printed state and the heat treated state, the integrated components need to be heat treated after manufacturing to prevent defects and stress concentration.

9. The design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The prototype assembly and function and performance testing refers to assembling the integrated components with motors, valves and other components, and conducting pressure resistance and sealing tests, pressure loss test experiments of integrated prototype components, and bench installation test experiments of integrated prototypes as required.

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