Image encoding / decoding method and method for transmitting stream

Abstract

The invention discloses an image decoding / encoding method and a method for transmitting a stream. An image decoding method according to the present invention comprises the steps of: acquiring a single stream of sub-picture information including a plurality of sub-pictures; selecting a sub-screen to be extracted from the plurality of sub-screens; determining the single stream as a stream to be extracted; and acquiring a sub-stream of the sub-picture to be extracted from the stream to be extracted by removing or using at least one piece of sub-picture information included in the stream to be extracted.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of a patent application with application date of September 21, 2020, application number 202080039221.3, and titled “Image encoding / decoding method and device and recording medium for storing bit stream”. Technical Field

[0002] The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for encoding / decoding an image and a recording medium for storing a bit stream. Background Art

[0003] Recently, in various applications, the demand for high-resolution and high-quality images (such as high-definition (HD) or ultra-high-definition (UHD) images) has increased. As the resolution and quality of images increase, the amount of data increases accordingly. This is one of the reasons for the increase in transmission cost and storage cost when image data is transmitted through existing transmission media (such as wired or wireless broadband channels) or when image data is stored. In order to solve these problems of high-resolution and high-quality image data, efficient image encoding / decoding technology is required.

[0004] There are various video compression techniques, such as inter-frame prediction techniques that predict the values ​​of pixels within a current picture from the values ​​of pixels within a previous picture or a subsequent picture, intra-frame prediction techniques that predict the values ​​of pixels within an area of ​​the current picture from the values ​​of pixels within another area of ​​the current picture, transformation and quantization techniques for compressing the energy of residual signals, and entropy coding techniques that assign shorter codes to frequently occurring pixel values ​​and longer codes to less frequently occurring pixel values. Summary of the invention

[0005] Technical issues An object of the present invention is to provide an image encoding / decoding method and apparatus with improved compression efficiency.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide an image encoding / decoding method and apparatus by using sub-picture merging.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide an image encoding / decoding method and apparatus by using substream extraction.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a recording medium for storing a bit stream generated by the image encoding / decoding method or apparatus according to the present invention.

[0009] Technical Solution According to a method for decoding an image disclosed herein, the method includes: obtaining a single stream including sub-picture information of a plurality of sub-pictures; selecting a sub-picture to be extracted from the plurality of sub-pictures; determining the single stream as a stream to be extracted; and obtaining a sub-stream of the sub-picture to be extracted from the stream to be extracted by removing or using at least one piece of sub-picture information included in the stream to be extracted.

[0010] The sub-picture information includes: non-video coding layer (VCL) network abstraction layer (NAL) units and VCL NAL units for the multiple sub-pictures.

[0011] Among them, the sub-stream is obtained by removing the VCL NAL unit of the sub-picture that is not the sub-picture to be extracted.

[0012] The sub-picture information includes at least one of the following: sequence parameter set (SPS) information or picture parameter set (PPS) information.

[0013] Among them, the sub-stream is obtained by setting the upper left coding tree unit CTU coordinates of the sub-picture to be extracted to (0,0).

[0014] The unchanged sub-picture information includes at least one of the following: information indicating whether to regard the sub-picture as a picture, filtering information, or sub-picture ID information.

[0015] Among them, the sub-stream is obtained by removing sub-picture information of sub-pictures that are not sub-pictures to be extracted.

[0016] The sub-picture information includes at least one of a video parameter set (VPS) NAL unit, an end of bitstream (EOB) NAL unit, an access unit delimiter (AUD) NAL unit, or a supplemental enhancement information (SEI) NAL unit, and at least one of the VPS NAL unit, the EOB NAL unit, the AUD NAL unit, or the SEI NAL unit is not removed from the stream to be extracted.

[0017] According to a method for encoding an image disclosed herein, the method includes: obtaining a single stream including sub-picture information of a plurality of sub-pictures; selecting a sub-picture to be extracted from the plurality of sub-pictures; determining the single stream as a stream to be extracted; and obtaining a sub-stream of the sub-picture to be extracted from the stream to be extracted by removing or using at least one piece of sub-picture information included in the stream to be extracted.

[0018] The sub-picture information includes: non-video coding layer (VCL) network abstraction layer (NAL) units and VCL NAL units for the multiple sub-pictures.

[0019] Among them, the sub-stream is obtained by removing the VCL NAL unit of the sub-picture that is not the sub-picture to be extracted.

[0020] A computer-readable recording medium having stored therein a substream received by an image decoding device and used to reconstruct a current block included in a current picture, wherein the substream is generated by an image encoding method, wherein the image encoding method includes: obtaining a single stream including sub-picture information of a plurality of sub-pictures; selecting a sub-picture to be extracted from the plurality of sub-pictures; determining the single stream as a stream to be extracted; and obtaining a substream of the sub-picture to be extracted from the stream to be extracted by removing or using at least one piece of sub-picture information included in the stream to be extracted.

[0021] Beneficial Effects According to the present invention, an image encoding / decoding method and apparatus with improved compression efficiency can be provided.

[0022] According to the present invention, an image encoding / decoding method and apparatus by using sub-picture merging can be provided.

[0023] According to the present invention, there can be provided a recording medium for storing a bit stream generated by the image encoding / decoding method or apparatus according to the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an encoding device according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

[0025] Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a decoding device according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

[0026] Figure 3 is a diagram schematically showing a partition structure of an image when the image is encoded and decoded.

[0027] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an intra prediction process.

[0028] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of an inter-picture prediction process.

[0029] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating transform and quantization processing.

[0030] Figure 7 is a diagram showing reference samples that can be used for intra prediction.

[0031] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an image encoding / decoding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0032] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating another image encoding / decoding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0033] Fig.10 is a diagram illustrating sub-screens included in one screen.

[0034] Fig.11 is a diagram showing a stream including a plurality of sub-pictures.

[0035] Fig.12 is a diagram showing a stream structure of a sub-picture access unit (AU).

[0036] Fig.13 is a diagram showing a syntax element structure of AUD.

[0037] Fig.14 and Fig.15 is a diagram showing the stream structure of a picture AU.

[0038] Fig.16 is another diagram showing the stream structure of a picture AU.

[0039] Fig.17 is a diagram illustrating an example of merging substreams to generate a single stream. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] Various modifications may be made to the present invention, and there are various embodiments of the present invention, wherein examples of various embodiments of the present invention will now be provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and described in detail. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, although the exemplary embodiments may be interpreted as including all modifications, equivalents or substitutions within the technical concept and technical scope of the present invention. In various aspects, similar figure numerals refer to the same or similar functions. In the accompanying drawings, the shapes and sizes of the elements may be exaggerated for clarity. In the following detailed description of the present invention, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, wherein the accompanying drawings illustrate specific embodiments in which the present invention may be practiced. These embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to implement the present disclosure. It should be understood that the various embodiments of the present disclosure, although different, are not necessarily mutually exclusive. For example, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, the specific features, structures and characteristics described herein in conjunction with one embodiment may be implemented in other embodiments. In addition, it should be understood that the position or arrangement of each element within each disclosed embodiment may be modified without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the following detailed description should not be regarded as having a limiting meaning, and the scope of the present disclosure is limited only by the appended claims (with the full range of equivalents claimed by the claims, in the case of appropriate interpretation).

[0041] The terms "first", "second", etc. used in the specification may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be interpreted as being limited to these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one component from other components. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the "first" component may be named as the "second" component, and the "second" component may also be similarly named as the "first" component. The term "and / or" includes a combination of multiple items or any one of the multiple items.

[0042] It will be understood that in this specification, when an element is simply referred to as being “connected to” or “coupled to” another element rather than being “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element, the element may be “directly connected to” or “directly coupled to” another element, or connected to or coupled to another element with other elements interposed therebetween. Conversely, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being “directly coupled to” or “directly connected to” another element, there are no intervening elements.

[0043] In addition, the components shown in the embodiments of the present invention are shown independently to represent the characteristic functions that are different from each other. Therefore, this does not mean that each component is composed of a separate hardware or software component unit. In other words, for convenience, each component includes each of the listed components. Therefore, at least two components of each component can be combined to form a component, or a component can be partitioned into multiple components to perform each function. If it does not depart from the essence of the present invention, the embodiment in which each component is combined and the embodiment in which a component is partitioned are also included in the scope of the present invention.

[0044] The terms used in this specification are only used to describe specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. Unless there is a significantly different meaning in the context, the expression used in the singular includes the expression in the plural form. In this specification, it will be understood that terms such as "including", "having" etc. are intended to indicate the presence of features, numbers, steps, actions, elements, parts or combinations thereof disclosed in the specification, and are not intended to exclude the possibility that one or more other features, numbers, steps, actions, elements, parts or combinations thereof may exist or may be added. In other words, when a particular element is referred to as "included", it does not exclude elements other than the corresponding elements, but may include additional elements in an embodiment of the present invention or in the scope of the present invention.

[0045] In addition, some components may not be indispensable components for performing the basic functions of the present invention, but rather selective components that only improve the performance thereof. The present invention may be implemented by including only indispensable components for realizing the essence of the present invention without including components for improving performance. Structures that include only indispensable components without including selective components that only improve performance are also included within the scope of the present invention.

[0046] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. When describing the exemplary embodiments of the present invention, well-known functions or configurations will not be described in detail because they may unnecessarily obscure the understanding of the present invention. The same constituent elements in the accompanying drawings are represented by the same reference numerals, and repeated descriptions of the same elements will be omitted.

[0047] Hereinafter, an image may refer to a picture constituting a video, or may refer to the video itself. For example, "encoding or decoding an image or both encoding and decoding" may refer to "encoding or decoding a moving picture or both encoding and decoding", and may refer to "encoding or decoding one of the images of the moving picture or both encoding and decoding".

[0048] Hereinafter, the terms "motion picture" and "video" may be used as the same meaning and may be replaced with each other.

[0049] Hereinafter, a target image may be an encoding target image as an encoding target and / or a decoding target image as a decoding target. In addition, a target image may be an input image input to an encoding device, and an input image input to a decoding device. Here, the target image may have the same meaning as the current picture.

[0050] Hereinafter, the terms "image", "picture", "frame" and "screen" may be used as the same meaning and may be replaced with each other.

[0051] Hereinafter, the target block may be an encoding target block as an encoding target and / or a decoding target block as a decoding target. In addition, the target block may be a current block as a target of current encoding and / or decoding. For example, the terms "target block" and "current block" may be used as the same meaning and may be replaced with each other.

[0052] Hereinafter, the terms "block" and "unit" may be used as the same meaning and may be replaced with each other. Alternatively, a "block" may refer to a specific unit.

[0053] In the following, the terms "region" and "segment" are used interchangeably.

[0054] Hereinafter, a specific signal may be a signal representing a specific block. For example, an original signal may be a signal representing a target block. A prediction signal may be a signal representing a prediction block. A residual signal may be a signal representing a residual block.

[0055] In an embodiment, each of the specific information, data, flags, indexes, elements, attributes, etc. may have a value. The value of the information, data, flags, indexes, elements, and attributes equal to "0" may represent a logical false or a first predefined value. In other words, the value "0", false, logical false, and the first predefined value may be replaced with each other. The value of the information, data, flags, indexes, elements, and attributes equal to "1" may represent a logical true or a second predefined value. In other words, the value "1", true, logical true, and the second predefined value may be replaced with each other.

[0056] When the variable i or j is used to represent a column, row, or index, the value of i may be an integer equal to or greater than 0, or an integer equal to or greater than 1. That is, the column, row, index, etc. may be counted from 0 or 1.

[0057] Terminology Description Encoder: This refers to the device that performs encoding. In other words, it refers to the encoding device.

[0058] Decoder: refers to a device that performs decoding. In other words, it refers to a decoding device.

[0059] Block: is an M×N array of samples. Here, M and N may represent positive integers, and a block may represent an array of samples in a two-dimensional form. A block may refer to a unit. A current block may represent an encoding target block that becomes a target when encoding, or a decoding target block that becomes a target when decoding. In addition, the current block may be at least one of a coding block, a prediction block, a residual block, and a transform block.

[0060] Sample: It is the basic unit of a block. According to the bit depth (Bd), a sample can be represented as a number from 0 to In the present invention, a sample point may be used as the meaning of a pixel. That is, a sample point, a pel, and a pixel may have the same meaning as each other.

[0061] Unit: may refer to a coding and decoding unit. When encoding and decoding an image, a unit may be a region generated by partitioning a single image. In addition, when a single image is partitioned into sub-partition units during encoding or decoding, a unit may represent a sub-partition unit. That is, an image may be partitioned into a plurality of units. When encoding and decoding an image, a predetermined process for each unit may be performed. A single unit may be partitioned into sub-units having a size smaller than that of the unit. Depending on the function, a unit may represent a block, a macroblock, a coding tree unit, a coding tree block, a coding unit, a coding block, a prediction unit, a prediction block, a residual unit, a residual block, a transform unit, a transform block, and the like. In addition, in order to distinguish a unit from a block, a unit may include a luminance component block, a chrominance component block associated with the luminance component block, and a syntax element for each color component block. A unit may have various sizes and shapes, and specifically, the shape of a unit may be a two-dimensional geometric figure such as a square, a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, a pentagon, and the like. In addition, the unit information may include at least one of a unit type indicating a coding unit, a prediction unit, a transformation unit, etc., and a unit size, a unit depth, an order of encoding and decoding of the unit, and the like.

[0062] Coding tree unit: A single coding tree block configured with a luminance component Y and two coding tree blocks associated with chrominance components Cb and Cr. In addition, the coding tree unit may represent a syntax element including a block and each block. Each coding tree unit may be partitioned by using at least one of a quadtree partitioning method, a binary tree partitioning method, and a ternary tree partitioning method to configure a lower-level unit such as a coding unit, a prediction unit, a transform unit, etc. The coding tree unit may be used as a term for specifying a sample block that becomes a processing unit when encoding / decoding an image as an input image. Here, the quadtree may represent a quadtree.

[0063] When the size of the coding block is within a predetermined range, it can be partitioned using only quadtree partitioning. Here, the predetermined range may be defined as at least one of the maximum size and the minimum size of the coding block that can be partitioned using only quadtree partitioning. Information indicating the maximum / minimum size of the coding block that allows quadtree partitioning may be signaled through a bitstream, and the information may be signaled in at least one unit of a sequence, a picture parameter, a parallel block group, or a slice (fragment). Optionally, the maximum / minimum size of the coding block may be a fixed size predetermined in the encoder / decoder. For example, when the size of the coding block corresponds to 256×256 to 64×64, it is possible to partition using only quadtree partitioning. Optionally, when the size of the coding block is larger than the size of the maximum conversion block, it is possible to partition using only quadtree partitioning. Here, the block to be partitioned may be at least one of a coding block and a transform block. In this case, information indicating the partitioning of the coding block (e.g., split_flag) may be a flag indicating whether quadtree partitioning is performed. When the size of the coding block falls within a predetermined range, it is possible to partition using only binary or ternary tree partitioning. In this case, the above description of the quadtree partition may be applied to the binary tree partition or the ternary tree partition in the same manner.

[0064] Coding tree block: may be used as a term used to designate any one of a Y coding tree block, a Cb coding tree block, and a Cr coding tree block.

[0065] Neighboring block: may refer to a block adjacent to the current block. The block adjacent to the current block may refer to a block that touches the boundary of the current block or a block that is located within a predetermined distance from the current block. The neighboring block may refer to a block adjacent to a vertex of the current block. Here, the block adjacent to a vertex of the current block may refer to a block that is vertically adjacent to a neighboring block that is horizontally adjacent to the current block or a block that is horizontally adjacent to a neighboring block that is vertically adjacent to the current block.

[0066] Reconstructed neighboring block: may represent a neighboring block that is adjacent to the current block and has been encoded or decoded in space / time. Here, the reconstructed neighboring block may represent a reconstructed neighboring unit. The reconstructed spatial neighboring block may be a block that is within the current picture and has been reconstructed by encoding or decoding or both encoding and decoding. The reconstructed temporal neighboring block is a block at a position corresponding to the current block of the current picture within the reference picture or a neighboring block of the block.

[0067] Unit depth: can represent the degree of partitioning of a unit. In a tree structure, the highest node (root node) can correspond to the first unit that is not partitioned. In addition, the highest node can have a minimum depth value. In this case, the depth of the highest node can be level 0. A node with a depth of level 1 can represent a unit generated by first partitioning the first unit. A node with a depth of level 2 can represent a unit generated by partitioning the first unit twice. A node with a depth of level n can represent a unit generated by partitioning the first unit n times. A leaf node can be the lowest node and a node that cannot be further partitioned. The depth of a leaf node can be the maximum level. For example, the predefined value of the maximum level can be 3. The depth of the root node can be the lowest, and the depth of the leaf node can be the deepest. In addition, when a unit is represented as a tree structure, the level at which the unit exists can represent the unit depth.

[0068] Bitstream: can represent a stream of bits including coded image information.

[0069] Parameter set: corresponds to header information among the configurations in the bitstream. At least one of a video parameter set, a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, and an adaptation parameter set may be included in the parameter set. In addition, the parameter set may include a slice header, a tile group header, and tile header information. The term "tile group" means a group of tiles and has the same meaning as a slice.

[0070] The adaptation parameter set may represent a parameter set that can be shared by reference in different pictures, sub-pictures, slices, tile groups, tiles, or partitions. In addition, information in the adaptation parameter set may be used by referencing different adaptation parameter sets for sub-pictures, slices, tile groups, tiles, or partitions within a picture.

[0071] In addition, regarding adaptation parameter sets, different adaptation parameter sets may be referenced by using identifiers of different adaptation parameter sets for a sub-picture, a slice, a tile group, a tile, or a partition within a picture.

[0072] In addition, regarding the adaptation parameter sets, different adaptation parameter sets may be referenced by using identifiers of different adaptation parameter sets for slices, tile groups, tiles, or partitions within a sub-picture.

[0073] In addition, regarding the adaptation parameter sets, different adaptation parameter sets may be referenced by using identifiers of different adaptation parameter sets for tiles or partitions within a slice.

[0074] In addition, with respect to adaptation parameter sets, different adaptation parameter sets may be referenced by using identifiers of different adaptation parameter sets for partitions within a tile.

[0075] Information about the adaptation parameter set identifier may be included in a parameter set or a header of a sub-picture, and an adaptation parameter set corresponding to the adaptation parameter set identifier may be used for the sub-picture.

[0076] Information about the adaptation parameter set identifier may be included in a parameter set or a header of the tile, and an adaptation parameter set corresponding to the adaptation parameter set identifier may be used for the tile.

[0077] Information about the adaptation parameter set identifier may be included in a header of the tile, and an adaptation parameter set corresponding to the adaptation parameter set identifier may be used for the tile.

[0078] A picture may be partitioned into one or more tile rows and one or more tile columns.

[0079] A sub-picture may be partitioned into one or more parallel block rows and one or more parallel block columns within a picture. A sub-picture may be an area having a rectangular / square form within a picture and may include one or more CTUs. In addition, at least one or more parallel blocks / blocks / strips may be included in one sub-picture.

[0080] A tile may be an area having a rectangular / square form within a picture and may include one or more CTUs. In addition, a tile may be partitioned into one or more partitions.

[0081] A partition may represent one or more CTU rows within a tile. A tile may be partitioned into one or more blocks, and each block may have at least one or more CTU rows. A tile that is not partitioned into two or more may represent a partition.

[0082] A slice may include one or more tiles within a picture, and may include one or more partitions within a tile.

[0083] Parsing: may mean determining the value of a syntax element by performing entropy decoding, or may mean the entropy decoding itself.

[0084] Symbol: At least one of a syntax element, a coding parameter, and a transform coefficient value that can represent a coding / decoding target unit. In addition, the symbol can represent an entropy coding target or an entropy decoding result.

[0085] Prediction mode: may be information indicating a mode for encoding / decoding using intra prediction or a mode for encoding / decoding using inter prediction.

[0086] Prediction unit: may represent a basic unit when performing prediction (such as inter prediction, intra prediction, inter compensation, intra compensation, and motion compensation). A single prediction unit may be partitioned into multiple partitions of smaller size, or may be partitioned into multiple prediction units of lower levels. Multiple partitions may be basic units when performing prediction or compensation. Partitions generated by partitioning a prediction unit may also be prediction units.

[0087] Prediction unit partition: may represent a shape obtained by partitioning a prediction unit.

[0088] A reference picture list may refer to a list including one or more reference pictures used for inter prediction or motion compensation. There are several types of reference picture lists available, including LC (List Combination), L0 (List 0), L1 (List 1), L2 (List 2), L3 (List 3).

[0089] The inter prediction indicator may refer to the direction of inter prediction of the current block (unidirectional prediction, bidirectional prediction, etc.). Alternatively, the inter prediction indicator may refer to the number of reference pictures used to generate the prediction block of the current block. Alternatively, the inter prediction indicator may refer to the number of prediction blocks used when performing inter prediction or motion compensation on the current block.

[0090] The prediction list utilization flag indicates whether at least one reference picture in a specific reference picture list is used to generate a prediction block. The prediction list utilization flag may be used to derive the inter prediction indicator, and conversely, the inter prediction indicator may be used to derive the prediction list utilization flag. For example, when the prediction list utilization flag has a first value of zero (0), it indicates that the reference picture in the reference picture list is not used to generate the prediction block. On the other hand, when the prediction list utilization flag has a second value of one (1), it indicates that the reference picture list is used to generate the prediction block.

[0091] The reference picture index may refer to an index indicating a specific reference picture in a reference picture list.

[0092] A reference picture may refer to a reference picture referenced by a specific block for the purpose of inter-frame prediction or motion compensation of the specific block. Alternatively, a reference picture may be a picture including a reference block referenced by a current block for inter-frame prediction or motion compensation. Hereinafter, the terms "reference picture" and "reference picture" have the same meaning and may be interchangeable.

[0093] A motion vector may be a two-dimensional vector used for inter-frame prediction or motion compensation. A motion vector may represent an offset between a target block for encoding / decoding and a reference block. For example, (mvX, mvY) may represent a motion vector. Here, mvX may represent a horizontal component, and mvY may represent a vertical component.

[0094] The search range may be a two-dimensional area that is searched during inter prediction to retrieve a motion vector. For example, the size of the search range may be M×N. Here, M and N are both integers.

[0095] The motion vector candidate may refer to a prediction candidate block or a motion vector of a prediction candidate block when predicting a motion vector. In addition, the motion vector candidate may be included in a motion vector candidate list.

[0096] The motion vector candidate list may mean a list consisting of one or more motion vector candidates.

[0097] The motion vector candidate index may represent an indicator indicating a motion vector candidate in the motion vector candidate list. Alternatively, it may be an index of a motion vector predictor.

[0098] The motion information may represent information including at least one of a motion vector, a reference picture index, an inter prediction indicator, a prediction list utilization flag, a reference picture list information, a reference picture, a motion vector candidate, a motion vector candidate index, a merge candidate, and a merge index.

[0099] The merge candidate list may refer to a list consisting of one or more merge candidates.

[0100] The merge candidate may represent a spatial merge candidate, a temporal merge candidate, a combined merge candidate, a combined bi-prediction merge candidate, or a zero merge candidate. The merge candidate may include motion information such as an inter prediction indicator, a reference picture index for each list, a motion vector, a prediction list utilization flag, and an inter prediction indicator.

[0101] The merge index may represent an indicator indicating a merge candidate in the merge candidate list. Alternatively, the merge index may indicate a block in a reconstructed block that is spatially / temporally adjacent to the current block, from which the merge candidate has been derived. Alternatively, the merge index may indicate at least one piece of motion information of the merge candidate.

[0102] Transform unit: may represent a basic unit when encoding / decoding (such as transform, inverse transform, quantization, inverse quantization, transform coefficient encoding / decoding) is performed on a residual signal. A single transform unit may be partitioned into a plurality of lower-level transform units having a smaller size. Here, the transform / inverse transform may include at least one of a first transform / first inverse transform and a second transform / second inverse transform.

[0103] Scaling: may refer to the process of multiplying the level of quantization by a factor. Transform coefficients may be generated by scaling the level of quantization. Scaling may also be referred to as inverse quantization.

[0104] Quantization parameter: may represent a value used when a transform coefficient is used to generate a quantized level during quantization. The quantization parameter may also represent a value used when a transform coefficient is generated by scaling the quantized level during inverse quantization. The quantization parameter may be a value mapped on a quantization step size.

[0105] Delta quantization parameter: may represent the difference between the predicted quantization parameter and the quantization parameter of the encoding / decoding target unit.

[0106] Scan: can refer to a method of ordering coefficients within a cell, block, or matrix. For example, changing a two-dimensional matrix of coefficients to a one-dimensional matrix can be called scanning, and changing a one-dimensional matrix of coefficients to a two-dimensional matrix can be called scanning or inverse scanning.

[0107] Transform coefficient: may refer to a coefficient value generated after performing a transform in an encoder. A transform coefficient may refer to a coefficient value generated after performing at least one of entropy decoding and inverse quantization in a decoder. A quantization level obtained by quantizing a transform coefficient or a residual signal or a quantized transform coefficient level may also fall within the meaning of a transform coefficient.

[0108] Quantization level: may represent a value generated by quantizing a transform coefficient or a residual signal in an encoder. Alternatively, the quantization level may represent a value that is a dequantization target subjected to dequantization in a decoder. Similarly, the quantized transform coefficient level as a result of transformation and quantization may also fall within the meaning of the quantization level.

[0109] Non-zero transform coefficient: may refer to a transform coefficient having a value other than zero, or a transform coefficient level or quantization level having a value other than zero.

[0110] Quantization matrix: may refer to a matrix used in a quantization process or an inverse quantization process performed to improve subjective image quality or objective image quality. The quantization matrix may also be referred to as a scaling list.

[0111] Quantization matrix coefficients: can represent each element in the quantization matrix. Quantization matrix coefficients can also be called matrix coefficients.

[0112] Default matrix: may represent a predetermined quantization matrix predefined in an encoder or a decoder.

[0113] Non-default matrix: may denote a quantization matrix that is not predefined in the encoder or decoder but is signaled by the user.

[0114] Statistical value: The statistical value for at least one of a variable, a coding parameter, a constant value, etc. having a calculable specific value can be one or more of the average value, summed value, weighted average value, weighted sum value, minimum value, maximum value, most frequently occurring value, median value, and interpolation value of the corresponding specific value.

[0115] Figure 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an encoding device according to an embodiment to which the present invention is applied.

[0116] The encoding device 100 may be an encoder, a video encoding device, or an image encoding device. A video may include at least one image. The encoding device 100 may sequentially encode at least one image.

[0117] Reference Figure 1 , the encoding device 100 may include a motion prediction unit 111, a motion compensation unit 112, an intra-frame prediction unit 120, a switch 115, a subtractor 125, a transform unit 130, a quantization unit 140, an entropy encoding unit 150, an inverse quantization unit 160, an inverse transform unit 170, an adder 175, a filter unit 180 and a reference picture buffer 190.

[0118] The encoding device 100 may perform encoding of an input image by using an intra mode or an inter mode or both an intra mode and an inter mode. In addition, the encoding device 100 may generate a bit stream including encoding information by encoding the input image, and output the generated bit stream. The generated bit stream may be stored in a computer-readable recording medium, or may be streamed through a wired / wireless transmission medium. When the intra mode is used as a prediction mode, the switch 115 may switch to the intra mode. Alternatively, when the inter mode is used as a prediction mode, the switch 115 may switch to the inter mode. Here, the intra mode may represent an intra prediction mode, and the inter mode may represent an inter prediction mode. The encoding device 100 may generate a prediction block for an input block of the input image. In addition, the encoding device 100 may encode the residual block using the residual of the input block and the prediction block after generating the prediction block. The input image may be referred to as the current picture as the current encoding target. The input block may be referred to as the current block as the current encoding target, or may be referred to as the encoding target block.

[0119] When the prediction mode is the intra mode, the intra prediction unit 120 may use samples of a block that has been encoded / decoded and is adjacent to the current block as reference samples. The intra prediction unit 120 may perform spatial prediction on the current block by using the reference samples, or may generate prediction samples of the input block by performing spatial prediction. Here, intra prediction may refer to prediction within a frame.

[0120] When the prediction mode is the inter-frame mode, the motion prediction unit 111 may retrieve the area that best matches the input block from the reference picture when performing motion prediction, and derive the motion vector by using the retrieved area. In this case, the search area may be used as the area. The reference picture may be stored in the reference picture buffer 190. Here, when encoding / decoding of the reference picture is performed, the reference picture may be stored in the reference picture buffer 190.

[0121] The motion compensation unit 112 may generate a prediction block by performing motion compensation on the current block using a motion vector. Here, inter prediction may refer to prediction or motion compensation between frames.

[0122] When the value of the motion vector is not an integer, the motion prediction unit 111 and the motion compensation unit 112 may generate a prediction block by applying an interpolation filter to a partial area of ​​a reference picture. In order to perform inter-picture prediction or motion compensation on a coding unit, it may be determined which mode among the skip mode, merge mode, advanced motion vector prediction (AMVP) mode, and current picture reference mode is used for motion prediction and motion compensation of a prediction unit included in the corresponding coding unit. Then, depending on the determined mode, inter-picture prediction or motion compensation may be performed differently.

[0123] The subtractor 125 may generate a residual block by using the difference between the input block and the prediction block. The residual block may be referred to as a residual signal. The residual signal may represent the difference between the original signal and the prediction signal. In addition, the residual signal may be a signal generated by transforming or quantizing the difference between the original signal and the prediction signal, or by transforming and quantizing the difference between the original signal and the prediction signal. The residual block may be a residual signal of a block unit.

[0124] The transform unit 130 may generate a transform coefficient by performing a transform on the residual block and output the generated transform coefficient. Here, the transform coefficient may be a coefficient value generated by performing a transform on the residual block. When the transform skip mode is applied, the transform unit 130 may skip the transform on the residual block.

[0125] The quantization level may be generated by applying quantization to a transform coefficient or to a residual signal. Hereinafter, the quantization level may also be referred to as a transform coefficient in an embodiment.

[0126] The quantization unit 140 may generate a quantization level by quantizing the transform coefficient or the residual signal according to the parameter and output the generated quantization level. Here, the quantization unit 140 may quantize the transform coefficient by using a quantization matrix.

[0127] The entropy encoding unit 150 may generate a bit stream by performing entropy encoding on the value calculated by the quantization unit 140 or the encoding parameter value calculated when encoding is performed according to the probability distribution, and output the generated bit stream. The entropy encoding unit 150 may perform entropy encoding on sample information of the image and information for decoding the image. For example, the information for decoding the image may include a syntax element.

[0128] When entropy coding is applied, symbols are represented so that a smaller number of bits are allocated to symbols with a high probability of generation, and a larger number of bits are allocated to symbols with a low probability of generation, and therefore, the size of the bit stream for the symbol to be encoded can be reduced. The entropy coding unit 150 may use a coding method for entropy coding such as exponential Golomb, context adaptive variable length coding (CAVLC), context adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC), etc. For example, the entropy coding unit 150 may perform entropy coding by using a variable length coding / code (VLC) table. In addition, the entropy coding unit 150 may derive a binarization method of a target symbol and a probability model of a target symbol / binary bit, and perform arithmetic coding by using the derived binarization method and context model.

[0129] In order to encode a transform coefficient level (quantized level), the entropy encoding unit 150 may change a coefficient in a two-dimensional block form into a one-dimensional vector form by using a transform coefficient scanning method.

[0130] The coding parameters may include information such as syntax elements (flags, indexes, etc.) that are encoded in the encoder and sent to the decoder with a signal, as well as information derived when performing encoding or decoding. The coding parameters may represent information required when encoding or decoding an image. For example, at least one value or combination of the following items may be included in the coding parameters: unit / block size, unit / block depth, unit / block partition information, unit / block shape, unit / block partition structure, whether to perform quadtree partitioning, whether to perform binary tree partitioning, binary tree partition direction (horizontal or vertical), binary tree partition form (symmetric partitioning or asymmetric partitioning), whether the current coding unit is partitioned by ternary tree partitioning, the direction of ternary tree partitioning (horizontal or vertical), the type of ternary tree partitioning (symmetric type or asymmetric type), whether the current coding unit is partitioned by multi-type tree partitioning, the direction of multi-type tree partitioning direction (horizontal or vertical), type of multi-type tree partition (symmetric or asymmetric), tree (binary tree or ternary tree) structure of multi-type tree partition, prediction mode (intra-frame prediction or inter-frame prediction), luminance intra-frame prediction mode / direction, chrominance intra-frame prediction mode / direction, intra-frame partition information, inter-frame partition information, coding block partition flag, prediction block partition flag, transform block partition flag, reference sample filtering method, reference sample filter taps, reference sample filter coefficients, prediction block filtering method, prediction block filter taps, prediction block filter coefficients, prediction block boundary filtering method, prediction block boundary filter taps, prediction block boundary filter coefficients, intra-frame prediction mode, Inter prediction mode, motion information, motion vector, motion vector difference, reference picture index, inter prediction angle, inter prediction indicator, prediction list utilization flag, reference picture list, reference picture, motion vector predictor index, motion vector predictor candidate, motion vector candidate list, whether to use merge mode, merge index, merge candidate, merge candidate list, whether to use skip mode, interpolation filter type, interpolation filter tap, interpolation filter coefficient, motion vector size, representation accuracy of motion vector, transform type, transform size, information on whether the primary (first) transform is used, information on whether the secondary transform is used, primary transform index, secondary transform index , information on whether a residual signal exists, coding block pattern, coding block flag (CBF), quantization parameter, quantization parameter residual, quantization matrix, whether to apply an intra-frame loop filter, intra-frame loop filter coefficients, intra-frame loop filter taps, intra-frame loop filter shape / form, whether to apply a deblocking filter, deblocking filter coefficients, deblocking filter taps, deblocking filter strength, deblocking filter shape / form, whether to apply adaptive sample offset, adaptive sample offset value, adaptive sample offset category, adaptive sample offset type, whether to apply an adaptive loop filter, adaptive loop filter coefficients, adaptive loop filter taps, adaptive loop filter shape / form,Binarization / debinarization method, context model determination method, context model update method, whether to execute normal mode, whether to execute bypass mode, context binary bit, bypass binary bit, valid coefficient flag, last valid coefficient flag, encoding flag for unit of coefficient group, position of last valid coefficient, flag on whether the value of coefficient is greater than 1, flag on whether the value of coefficient is greater than 2, flag on whether the value of coefficient is greater than 3, information on remaining coefficient values, sign information, reconstructed luminance samples, reconstructed chrominance samples, residual luminance samples, residual chrominance samples, luminance transform coefficient, chrominance transform coefficient, quantized luminance level, quantized chrominance level, transform coefficient level scanning method, motion vector search area at decoder side size, shape of a motion vector search area at a decoder side, number of motion vector searches at a decoder side, information about a CTU size, information about a minimum block size, information about a maximum block size, information about a maximum block depth, information about a minimum block depth, image display / output order, slice identification information, slice type, slice partition information, tile identification information, tile type, tile partition information, tile group identification information, tile group type, tile group partition information, picture type, bit depth of input samples, bit depth of reconstructed samples, bit depth of residual samples, bit depth of transform coefficients, bit depth of quantization levels, and information about a luminance signal or information about a chrominance signal.

[0131] Here, signaling a flag or an index may mean entropy encoding the corresponding flag or index by an encoder and including it in a bitstream, and may mean entropy decoding the corresponding flag or index from the bitstream by a decoder.

[0132] When the encoding apparatus 100 performs encoding by inter-frame prediction, the encoded current picture may be used as a reference picture for another image that is subsequently processed. Therefore, the encoding apparatus 100 may reconstruct or decode the encoded current picture, or store the reconstructed or decoded image as a reference picture in the reference picture buffer 190.

[0133] The quantized level may be dequantized in the dequantization unit 160 or may be inversely transformed in the inverse transform unit 170. The dequantized or inversely transformed coefficient or the dequantized and inversely transformed coefficient may be added to the prediction block by the adder 175. A reconstructed block may be generated by adding the dequantized or inversely transformed coefficient or the dequantized and inversely transformed coefficient to the prediction block. Here, the dequantized or inversely transformed coefficient or the dequantized and inversely transformed coefficient may mean a coefficient on which at least one of dequantization and inverse transformation is performed, and may mean a reconstructed residual block.

[0134] The reconstructed block may pass through the filter unit 180. The filter unit 180 may apply at least one of a deblocking filter, a sample adaptive offset (SAO), and an adaptive loop filter (ALF) to the reconstructed sample, the reconstructed block, or the reconstructed image. The filter unit 180 may be referred to as a loop filter.

[0135] The deblocking filter can remove block distortion generated in the boundary between blocks. In order to determine whether to apply the deblocking filter, it can be determined whether to apply the deblocking filter to the current block based on the samples included in the number of rows or columns included in the block. When the deblocking filter is applied to the block, another filter can be applied according to the required deblocking filter strength.

[0136] In order to compensate for the coding error, a suitable offset value may be added to the sample value by using sample adaptive offset. Sample adaptive offset can correct the offset of the deblocked image from the original image in units of samples. A method of applying the offset in consideration of edge information about each sample may be used, or a method of partitioning the samples of the image into a predetermined number of regions, determining the region to which the offset is applied, and applying the offset to the determined region may be used.

[0137] The adaptive loop filter may perform filtering based on a comparison result of a filtered reconstructed image and an original image. Samples included in an image may be partitioned into predetermined groups, a filter to be applied to each group may be determined, and differential filtering may be performed on each group. Information on whether ALF is applied may be signaled by a coding unit (CU), and the form and coefficient of ALF to be applied to each block may vary.

[0138] The reconstructed block or the reconstructed image that has passed through the filter unit 180 may be stored in the reference picture buffer 190. The reconstructed block processed by the filter unit 180 may be a part of a reference picture. That is, the reference picture is a reconstructed image composed of the reconstructed blocks processed by the filter unit 180. The stored reference picture may be used later in inter-frame prediction or motion compensation.

[0139] Figure 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a decoding device according to an embodiment and to which the present invention is applied.

[0140] The decoding device 200 may be a decoder, a video decoding device, or an image decoding device.

[0141] Reference Figure 2 , the decoding device 200 may include an entropy decoding unit 210, a dequantization unit 220, an inverse transform unit 230, an intra-frame prediction unit 240, a motion compensation unit 250, an adder 255, a filter unit 260 and a reference picture buffer 270.

[0142] The decoding device 200 may receive a bit stream output from the encoding device 100. The decoding device 200 may receive a bit stream stored in a computer-readable recording medium, or may receive a bit stream streamed through a wired / wireless transmission medium. The decoding device 200 may decode the bit stream by using an intra-frame mode or an inter-frame mode. In addition, the decoding device 200 may generate a reconstructed image or a decoded image generated by decoding, and output the reconstructed image or the decoded image.

[0143] When the prediction mode used in decoding is the intra mode, the switch may be switched to the intra mode. Alternatively, when the prediction mode used in decoding is the inter mode, the switch may be switched to the inter mode.

[0144] The decoding device 200 can obtain a reconstructed residual block by decoding the input bit stream and generate a prediction block. When the reconstructed residual block and the prediction block are obtained, the decoding device 200 can generate a reconstructed block as a decoding target by adding the reconstructed residual block to the prediction block. The decoding target block may be referred to as a current block.

[0145] The entropy decoding unit 210 may generate symbols by entropy decoding the bit stream according to the probability distribution. The generated symbols may include symbols in the form of quantized levels. Here, the entropy decoding method may be an inverse process of the above entropy encoding method.

[0146] In order to decode the transform coefficient level (quantized level), the entropy decoding unit 210 may change the coefficient in the form of a one-way vector into a two-dimensional block form by using a transform coefficient scanning method.

[0147] The quantized level may be dequantized in the dequantization unit 220, or the quantized level may be inversely transformed in the inverse transform unit 230. The quantized level may be a result of dequantization or inverse transformation or both, and may be generated as a reconstructed residual block. Here, the dequantization unit 220 may apply a quantization matrix to the quantized level.

[0148] When the intra mode is used, the intra prediction unit 240 may generate a predicted block by performing spatial prediction on the current block, wherein the spatial prediction uses sample values ​​of blocks that are adjacent to the decoding target block and have been decoded. When the inter mode is used, the motion compensation unit 250 may generate a prediction block by performing motion compensation on the current block, wherein the motion compensation uses a motion vector and a reference picture stored in the reference picture buffer 270 .

[0149] The adder 225 can generate a reconstructed block by adding the reconstructed residual block to the prediction block. The filter unit 260 can apply at least one of a deblocking filter, a sample adaptive offset, and an adaptive loop filter to the reconstructed block or the reconstructed image. The filter unit 260 can output the reconstructed image. The reconstructed block or the reconstructed image can be stored in the reference picture buffer 270 and used when performing inter-frame prediction. The reconstructed block processed by the filter unit 260 can be a part of a reference picture. That is, the reference picture is a reconstructed image composed of the reconstructed blocks processed by the filter unit 260. The stored reference picture can be used later in inter-frame prediction or motion compensation.

[0150] Figure 3 is a diagram schematically showing a partition structure of an image when the image is encoded and decoded. Figure 3 An example of partitioning a single cell into a plurality of lower-level cells is schematically shown.

[0151] In order to efficiently partition an image, a coding unit (CU) may be used when encoding and decoding. A coding unit may be used as a basic unit when encoding / decoding an image. In addition, a coding unit may be used as a unit for distinguishing an intra prediction mode from an inter prediction mode when encoding / decoding an image. A coding unit may be a basic unit for prediction, transformation, quantization, inverse transformation, inverse quantization, or encoding / decoding processing of a transformation coefficient.

[0152] Reference Figure 3 , the image 300 is partitioned sequentially according to the maximum coding unit (LCU), and the LCU unit is determined as a partition structure. Here, the LCU may be used in the same meaning as the coding tree unit (CTU). Unit partitioning may mean partitioning a block associated with the unit. In the block partition information, information about the unit depth may be included. The depth information may indicate the number or degree of the unit being partitioned or both the number and degree of the unit being partitioned. A single unit may be partitioned into a plurality of lower-level units hierarchically associated with the depth information based on a tree structure. In other words, the unit and the lower-level units generated by partitioning the unit may correspond to a node and a child node of the node, respectively. Each of the partitioned lower-level units may have depth information. The depth information may be information indicating the size of a CU and may be stored in each CU. The unit depth indicates the number and / or degree associated with partitioning the unit. Therefore, the partition information of the lower-level unit may include information about the size of the lower-level unit.

[0153] The partition structure may represent the distribution of coding units (CUs) within the LCU 310. Such distribution may be determined according to whether a single CU is partitioned into a plurality of (positive integers equal to or greater than 2, including 2, 4, 8, 16, etc.) CUs. The horizontal size and vertical size of the CU generated by partitioning may be half of the horizontal size and vertical size of the CU before partitioning, respectively, or may have sizes smaller than the horizontal size and vertical size before partitioning according to the number of partitions. The CU may be recursively partitioned into a plurality of CUs. By recursive partitioning, at least one of the height and width of the CU after partitioning may be reduced compared to at least one of the height and width of the CU before partitioning. The partitioning of the CU may be recursively performed until a predetermined depth or a predetermined size. For example, the depth of the LCU may be 0, and the depth of the minimum coding unit (SCU) may be a predetermined maximum depth. Here, as described above, the LCU may be a coding unit having a maximum coding unit size, and the SCU may be a coding unit having a minimum coding unit size. Partitioning starts from the LCU 310, and when the horizontal size or vertical size or both the horizontal size and the vertical size of the CU are reduced by partitioning, the CU depth increases by 1. For example, for each depth, the size of the non-partitioned CU may be 2N×2N. Also, in the case of a partitioned CU, a CU of size 2N×2N may be partitioned into four CUs of size N×N. As the depth increases by 1, the size of N may be halved.

[0154] In addition, information on whether a CU is partitioned may be indicated by using the partition information of the CU. The partition information may be 1-bit information. All CUs except the SCU may include partition information. For example, when the value of the partition information is a first value, the CU may not be partitioned, and when the value of the partition information is a second value, the CU may be partitioned.

[0155] Reference Figure 3 , an LCU with a depth of 0 may be a block of 64×64. 0 may be the minimum depth. An SCU with a depth of 3 may be a block of 8×8. 3 may be the maximum depth. A CU of a block of 32×32 and a CU of a block of 16×16 may be represented as depth 1 and depth 2, respectively.

[0156] For example, when a single coding unit is partitioned into four coding units, the horizontal size and vertical size of the four coding units partitioned may be half the horizontal size and vertical size of the CU before being partitioned. In one embodiment, when a coding unit of size 32×32 is partitioned into four coding units, each of the four coding units partitioned may have a size of 16×16. When a single coding unit is partitioned into four coding units, it can be said that the coding unit can be partitioned into a quadtree form.

[0157] For example, when one coding unit is partitioned into two sub-coding units, the horizontal size or vertical size (width or height) of each of the two sub-coding units may be half of the horizontal size or vertical size of the original coding unit. For example, when a coding unit having a size of 32×32 is partitioned vertically into two sub-coding units, each of the two sub-coding units may have a size of 16×32. For example, when a coding unit having a size of 8×32 is partitioned horizontally into two sub-coding units, each of the two sub-coding units may have a size of 8×16. When one coding unit is partitioned into two sub-coding units, the coding unit may be said to be partitioned into two or partitioned by a binary tree partition structure.

[0158] For example, when one coding unit is partitioned into three sub-coding units, the horizontal size or the vertical size of the coding unit may be partitioned at a ratio of 1:2:1, thereby generating three sub-coding units having a ratio of 1:2:1 in the horizontal size or the vertical size. For example, when a coding unit having a size of 16×32 is partitioned horizontally into three sub-coding units, the three sub-coding units may have sizes of 16×8, 16×16, and 16×8, respectively, in order from the uppermost sub-coding unit to the lowermost sub-coding unit. For example, when a coding unit having a size of 32×32 is partitioned vertically into three sub-coding units, the three sub-coding units may have sizes of 8×32, 16×32, and 8×32, respectively, in order from the left sub-coding unit to the right sub-coding unit. When one coding unit is partitioned into three sub-coding units, the coding unit may be said to be partitioned into three sub-coding units or partitioned according to a ternary tree partition structure.

[0159] exist Figure 3 , a coding tree unit (CTU) 320 is an example of a CTU to which a quadtree partition structure, a binary tree partition structure, and a ternary tree partition structure are all applied.

[0160] As described above, in order to partition a CTU, at least one of a quadtree partition structure, a binary tree partition structure, and a ternary tree partition structure may be applied. Various tree partition structures may be sequentially applied to a CTU according to a predetermined priority order. For example, a quadtree partition structure may be preferentially applied to a CTU. Coding units that can no longer be partitioned using a quadtree partition structure may correspond to leaf nodes of a quadtree. Coding units corresponding to leaf nodes of a quadtree may be used as root nodes of a binary tree and / or ternary tree partition structures. That is, coding units corresponding to leaf nodes of a quadtree may be further partitioned according to a binary tree partition structure or a ternary tree partition structure, or may not be further partitioned. Therefore, by preventing coding units obtained from binary tree partitions or ternary tree partitions of coding units corresponding to leaf nodes of a quadtree from undergoing further quadtree partitions, block partitioning operations and / or operations of signaling partition information may be effectively performed.

[0161] The fact that the coding unit corresponding to the node of the quadtree is partitioned may be signaled using the four partition information. The four partition information having a first value (e.g., "1") may indicate that the current coding unit is partitioned according to the quadtree partition structure. The four partition information having a second value (e.g., "0") may indicate that the current coding unit is not partitioned according to the quadtree partition structure. The four partition information may be a flag having a predetermined length (e.g., one bit).

[0162] There may be no priority between binary tree partitioning and ternary tree partitioning. That is, the coding unit corresponding to the leaf node of the quadtree may further undergo any partitioning of the binary tree partitioning and the ternary tree partitioning. In addition, the coding unit generated by the binary tree partitioning or the ternary tree partitioning may undergo further binary tree partitioning or further ternary tree partitioning, or may not be further partitioned.

[0163] A tree structure in which there is no priority between binary tree partitions and ternary tree partitions is called a multi-type tree structure. A coding unit corresponding to a leaf node of a quadtree may be used as a root node of a multi-type tree. At least one of multi-type tree partition indication information, partition direction information, and partition tree information may be used to signal whether to partition a coding unit corresponding to a node of a multi-type tree. In order to partition a coding unit corresponding to a node of a multi-type tree, multi-type tree partition indication information, partition direction information, and partition tree information may be sequentially signaled.

[0164] The multi-type tree partition indication information having a first value (eg, '1') may indicate that the current coding unit will undergo multi-type tree partitioning. The multi-type tree partition indication information having a second value (eg, '0') may indicate that the current coding unit will not undergo multi-type tree partitioning.

[0165] When a coding unit corresponding to a node of a multi-type tree is further partitioned according to a multi-type tree partition structure, the coding unit may include partition direction information. The partition direction information may indicate in which direction the current coding unit will be partitioned for the multi-type tree partition. The partition direction information having a first value (e.g., "1") may indicate that the current coding unit will be partitioned vertically. The partition direction information having a second value (e.g., "0") may indicate that the current coding unit will be partitioned horizontally.

[0166] When a coding unit corresponding to a node of a multi-type tree is further partitioned according to a multi-type tree partition structure, the current coding unit may include partition tree information. The partition tree information may indicate a tree partition structure to be used to partition the nodes of the multi-type tree. The partition tree information having a first value (e.g., "1") may indicate that the current coding unit will be partitioned according to a binary tree partition structure. The partition tree information having a second value (e.g., "0") may indicate that the current coding unit will be partitioned according to a ternary tree partition structure.

[0167] The partition indication information, the partition tree information and the partition direction information may all be flags having a predetermined length (eg, one bit).

[0168] At least any one of the quadtree partition indication information, the multi-type tree partition indication information, the partition direction information, and the partition tree information may be entropy encoded / decoded. In order to entropy encode / decode those types of information, information about neighboring coding units adjacent to the current coding unit may be used. For example, there is a high probability that the partition type (partitioned or not partitioned, partition tree, and / or partition direction) of the left neighboring coding unit and / or the upper neighboring coding unit of the current coding unit is similar to the partition type of the current coding unit. Therefore, context information for entropy encoding / decoding the information about the current coding unit may be derived from the information about the neighboring coding units. The information about the neighboring coding units may include at least any one of the quadtree partition information, the multi-type tree partition indication information, the partition direction information, and the partition tree information.

[0169] As another example, among binary tree partitioning and ternary tree partitioning, binary tree partitioning may be preferentially performed. That is, the current coding unit may first undergo binary tree partitioning, and then the coding unit corresponding to the leaf node of the binary tree may be set as the root node for the ternary tree partitioning. In this case, for the coding unit corresponding to the node of the ternary tree, neither quadtree partitioning nor binary tree partitioning may be performed.

[0170] A coding unit that cannot be partitioned according to a quadtree partition structure, a binary tree partition structure, and / or a ternary tree partition structure becomes a basic unit for encoding, prediction, and / or transformation. That is, the coding unit cannot be further partitioned for prediction and / or transformation. Therefore, partition structure information and partition information for partitioning a coding unit into a prediction unit and / or a transformation unit may not exist in the bitstream.

[0171] However, when the size of the coding unit (ie, the basic unit for partitioning) is larger than the size of the maximum transform block, the coding unit may be recursively partitioned until the size of the coding unit is reduced to be equal to or smaller than the size of the maximum transform block. For example, when the size of the coding unit is 64×64 and when the size of the maximum transform block is 32×32, the coding unit may be partitioned into four 32×32 blocks for transforming. For example, when the size of the coding unit is 32×64 and the size of the maximum transform block is 32×32, the coding unit may be partitioned into two 32×32 blocks for transforming. In this case, the partition of the coding unit for transforming is not separately signaled, and the partition of the coding unit for transforming may be determined by comparison between the horizontal size or vertical size of the coding unit and the horizontal size or vertical size of the maximum transform block. For example, when the horizontal size (width) of the coding unit is larger than the horizontal size (width) of the maximum transform block, the coding unit may be vertically divided into two equal parts. For example, when the vertical size (height) of the coding unit is larger than the vertical size (height) of the maximum transform block, the coding unit may be horizontally divided into two equal parts.

[0172] Information on the maximum and / or minimum size of a coding unit and information on the maximum and / or minimum size of a transform block may be signaled or determined at a higher level of the coding unit. The higher level may be, for example, a sequence level, a picture level, a slice level, a tile group level, a tile level, etc. For example, the minimum size of a coding unit may be determined as 4×4. For example, the maximum size of a transform block may be determined as 64×64. For example, the minimum size of a transform block may be determined as 4×4.

[0173] Information on the minimum size of the coding unit corresponding to the leaf node of the quadtree (quadtree minimum size) and / or information on the maximum depth from the root node of the multi-type tree to the leaf node (maximum tree depth of the multi-type tree) may be signaled or determined at a higher level of the coding unit. For example, the higher level may be a sequence level, a picture level, a slice level, a parallel block group level, a parallel block level, etc. Information on the minimum size of the quadtree and / or information on the maximum depth of the multi-type tree may be signaled or determined for each of the intra-picture slice and the inter-picture slice.

[0174] The difference information between the size of the CTU and the maximum size of the transform block may be signaled or determined at a higher level of the coding unit. For example, the higher level may be a sequence level, a picture level, a slice level, a parallel block group level, a parallel block level, etc. The information of the maximum size of the coding unit corresponding to each node of the binary tree (hereinafter referred to as the maximum size of the binary tree) may be determined based on the size of the coding tree unit and the difference information. The maximum size of the coding unit corresponding to each node of the ternary tree (hereinafter referred to as the maximum size of the ternary tree) may vary depending on the type of the slice. For example, for an intra-picture slice, the maximum size of the ternary tree may be 32×32. For example, for an inter-picture slice, the maximum size of the ternary tree may be 128×128. For example, the minimum size of the coding unit corresponding to each node of the binary tree (hereinafter referred to as the minimum size of the binary tree) and / or the minimum size of the coding unit corresponding to each node of the ternary tree (hereinafter referred to as the minimum size of the ternary tree) may be set to the minimum size of the coding block.

[0175] As another example, the maximum size of the binary tree and / or the maximum size of the ternary tree may be signaled or determined at the slice level. Alternatively, the minimum size of the binary tree and / or the minimum size of the ternary tree may be signaled or determined at the slice level.

[0176] Depending on the sizes and depth information of the above-mentioned various blocks, quad partition information, multi-type tree partition indication information, partition tree information and / or partition direction information may or may not be included in the bitstream.

[0177] For example, when the size of the coding unit is not greater than the minimum size of the quadtree, the coding unit does not include the quad partition information. The quad partition information may be inferred as the second value.

[0178] For example, when the size (horizontal size and vertical size) of the coding unit corresponding to the node of the multi-type tree is greater than the maximum size (horizontal size and vertical size) of the binary tree and / or the maximum size (horizontal size and vertical size) of the ternary tree, the coding unit may not be partitioned by the binary tree or the ternary tree. Therefore, the multi-type tree partition indication information is not signaled but may be inferred as the second value.

[0179] Optionally, when the size (horizontal size and vertical size) of the coding unit corresponding to the node of the multi-type tree is the same as the maximum size (horizontal size and vertical size) of the binary tree and / or is twice as large as the maximum size (horizontal size and vertical size) of the ternary tree, the coding unit may not be further partitioned into two or three partitions. Therefore, the multi-type tree partition indication information may not be sent by a signal, but the multi-type tree partition indication information may be derived from the second value. This is because when the coding unit is partitioned by the binary tree partition structure and / or the ternary tree partition structure, a coding unit smaller than the minimum size of the binary tree and / or the minimum size of the ternary tree is generated.

[0180] Optionally, the binary tree partition or ternary tree partition may be limited based on the size of the virtual pipeline data unit (hereinafter, the pipeline buffer size). For example, when the coding unit is partitioned into sub-coding units that do not fit into the pipeline buffer size by the binary tree partition or ternary tree partition, the corresponding binary tree partition or ternary tree partition may be limited. The pipeline buffer size may be the size of the maximum transform block (eg, 64×64). For example, when the pipeline buffer size is 64×64, the following partition may be limited.

[0181] - N×M (N and / or M is 128) ternary tree partitions for coding units - 128×N (N<=64) binary tree partitions in the horizontal direction for coding units - N×128 (N<=64) binary tree partitions in the vertical direction for coding units Optionally, when the depth of the coding unit corresponding to the node of the multi-type tree is equal to the maximum depth of the multi-type tree, the coding unit may not be further partitioned into two and / or three partitions. Therefore, the multi-type tree partition indication information may not be sent with a signal, but may be inferred as a second value.

[0182] Optionally, only when at least one of vertical binary tree partitioning, horizontal binary tree partitioning, vertical ternary tree partitioning, and horizontal ternary tree partitioning is possible for a coding unit corresponding to a node of a multi-type tree, a multi-type tree partition indication information may be signaled. Otherwise, the coding unit may not be partitioned into two and / or three partitions. Therefore, the multi-type tree partition indication information may not be signaled, but may be inferred as a second value.

[0183] Optionally, partition direction information may be signaled only when both vertical binary tree partitioning and horizontal binary tree partitioning or both vertical ternary tree partitioning and horizontal ternary tree partitioning are possible for a coding unit corresponding to a node of a multi-type tree. Otherwise, partition direction information may not be signaled, but may be derived from a value indicating a possible partition direction.

[0184] Optionally, the partition tree information may be signaled only when both vertical binary tree partitioning and vertical ternary tree partitioning or both horizontal binary tree partitioning and horizontal ternary tree partitioning are possible for a coding tree corresponding to a node of a multi-type tree. Otherwise, the partition tree information may not be signaled but may be inferred as a value indicating a possible partition tree structure.

[0185] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an intra prediction process.

[0186] Figure 4 The arrows from the center to the outside in FIG. 1 represent the prediction direction of the intra prediction mode.

[0187] Intra-frame encoding and / or decoding may be performed by using reference samples of neighboring blocks of the current block. The neighboring blocks may be reconstructed neighboring blocks. For example, intra-frame encoding and / or decoding may be performed by using encoding parameters or values ​​of reference samples included in the reconstructed neighboring blocks.

[0188] The prediction block may represent a block generated by performing intra prediction. The prediction block may correspond to at least one of a CU, a PU, and a TU. The unit of the prediction block may have a size of one of a CU, a PU, and a TU. The prediction block may be a square block of a size of 2×2, 4×4, 16×16, 32×32, or 64×64, etc., or may be a rectangular block of a size of 2×8, 4×8, 2×16, 4×16, and 8×16, etc.

[0189] Intra-prediction may be performed according to an intra-prediction mode for the current block. The number of intra-prediction modes that the current block may have may be a fixed value, and may be a value determined differently according to properties of the prediction block. For example, the properties of the prediction block may include the size of the prediction block, the shape of the prediction block, and the like.

[0190] Regardless of the block size, the number of intra-frame prediction modes can be fixed to N. Alternatively, the number of intra-frame prediction modes can be 3, 5, 9, 17, 34, 35, 36, 65 or 67, etc. Optionally, the number of intra-frame prediction modes can vary according to the block size or the color component type or both the block size and the color component type. For example, the number of intra-frame prediction modes can vary depending on whether the color component is a luminance signal or a chrominance signal. For example, as the block size becomes larger, the number of intra-frame prediction modes can increase. Optionally, the number of intra-frame prediction modes of the luminance component block can be greater than the number of intra-frame prediction modes of the chrominance component block.

[0191] The intra prediction mode may be a non-angle mode or an angle mode. The non-angle mode may be a DC mode or a planar mode, and the angle mode may be a prediction mode having a specific direction or angle. The intra prediction mode may be represented by at least one of a mode number, a mode value, a mode number, a mode angle, and a mode direction. The number of intra prediction modes may be M, which is greater than 1, including non-angle modes and angle modes. In order to perform intra prediction on the current block, a step of determining whether a sample included in a reconstructed neighboring block can be used as a reference sample of the current block may be performed. When there are samples that cannot be used as reference samples of the current block, a value obtained by copying or interpolating at least one sample value of the samples included in the reconstructed neighboring block, or performing both copying and interpolation, may be used to replace the unavailable sample value of the sample, so that the replaced sample value is used as the reference sample of the current block.

[0192] Figure 7 is a diagram showing reference samples that can be used for intra prediction.

[0193] like Figure 7 As shown, at least one of the reference sample line 0 to the reference sample line 3 can be used for intra prediction of the current block. Figure 7 In , the samples of fragment A and fragment F can be filled with the samples of the closest fragment B and fragment E, respectively, instead of retrieving from the reconstructed neighboring blocks. The index information indicating the reference sample line to be used for intra prediction of the current block can be signaled. For example, in Figure 7 In the example, reference sample line indicators 0, 1, and 2 may be signaled as index information indicating reference sample lines 0, 1, and 2. When the upper boundary of the current block is the boundary of the CTU, only reference sample line 0 may be available. Therefore, in this case, index information may not be signaled. When a reference sample line other than reference sample line 0 is used, filtering for a prediction block to be described later may not be performed.

[0194] When intra prediction is performed, a filter may be applied to at least one of reference samples and prediction samples based on the intra prediction mode and the current block size / shape.

[0195] In the case of the planar mode, when generating the prediction block of the current block, according to the position of the prediction target sample in the prediction block, the sample value of the prediction target sample can be generated by using the weighted sum of the upper reference sample and the left reference sample of the current block and the upper right reference sample and the lower left reference sample of the current block. In addition, in the case of the DC mode, when generating the prediction block of the current block, the average value of the upper reference sample and the left reference sample of the current block can be used. In addition, in the case of the angular mode, the prediction block can be generated by using the upper reference sample, the left reference sample, the upper right reference sample and / or the lower left reference sample of the current block. In order to generate the prediction sample value, interpolation of real number units can be performed.

[0196] In the case of intra prediction between color components, a prediction block of a current block of a second color component may be generated based on a corresponding reconstruction block of a first color component. For example, the first color component may be a luminance component, and the second color component may be a chrominance component. For intra prediction between color components, parameters of a linear model between the first color component and the second color component may be derived based on a template. The template may include the upper and / or left neighboring samples of the current block and the upper and / or left neighboring samples of the reconstruction block of the first color component corresponding thereto. For example, the sample value of the first color component having the maximum value among the samples in the template and the sample value of the second color component corresponding thereto, and the sample value of the first color component having the minimum value among the samples in the template and the sample value of the second color component corresponding thereto may be used to derive the parameters of the linear model. When the parameters of the linear model are derived, the corresponding reconstruction block may be applied to the linear model to generate a prediction block of the current block. Depending on the video format, secondary sampling may be performed on the reconstruction block of the first color component and the neighboring samples of the corresponding reconstruction block. For example, when one sample of the second color component corresponds to four samples of the first color component, the four samples of the first color component may be subsampled to calculate one corresponding sample. In this case, parameter derivation of a linear model and intra prediction between color components may be performed based on samples of the corresponding subsamples. Whether to perform intra prediction between color components and / or the range of a template may be signaled as an intra prediction mode.

[0197] The current block may be partitioned into two sub-blocks or four sub-blocks in the horizontal direction or the vertical direction. The partitioned sub-blocks may be reconstructed sequentially. That is, intra prediction may be performed on the sub-block to generate a sub-prediction block. In addition, inverse quantization and / or inverse transformation may be performed on the sub-block to generate a sub-residual block. The reconstructed sub-block may be generated by adding the sub-prediction block to the sub-residual block. The reconstructed sub-block may be used as a reference sample for intra prediction of the sub-sub-block. The sub-block may be a block including a predetermined number (e.g., 16) or more samples. Thus, for example, when the current block is an 8×4 block or a 4×8 block, the current block may be partitioned into two sub-blocks. In addition, when the current block is a 4×4 block, the current block may not be partitioned into sub-blocks. When the current block has other sizes, the current block may be partitioned into four sub-blocks. Information on whether intra prediction is performed based on sub-blocks and / or partition directions (horizontal or vertical) may be sent by signaling. It may be limited to performing sub-block-based intra prediction only when reference sample line 0 is used. When subblock-based intra prediction is performed, filtering for a prediction block, which will be described later, may not be performed.

[0198] The final prediction block can be generated by performing filtering on the prediction block predicted by the intra-frame. Filtering can be performed by applying predetermined weights to the filtering target samples, the left reference samples, the upper reference samples and / or the upper left reference samples. The weights and / or reference samples (range, position, etc.) used for filtering can be determined based on at least one of the block size, the intra-frame prediction mode and the position of the filtering target samples in the prediction block. Filtering can be performed only in the case of a predetermined intra-frame prediction mode (e.g., DC, plane, vertical, horizontal, diagonal and / or adjacent diagonal mode). The adjacent diagonal mode can be a mode in which k is added to the diagonal mode or k is subtracted from the diagonal mode. For example, k can be a positive integer of 8 or less.

[0199] The intra-frame prediction mode of the current block can be entropy encoded / decoded by predicting the intra-frame prediction mode of the block adjacent to the current block. In the case where the intra-frame prediction mode of the current block is the same as that of the neighboring block, the same information as that of the intra-frame prediction mode of the current block and the neighboring block can be sent by signaling using predetermined flag information. In addition, the indicator information of the intra-frame prediction mode that is the same as the intra-frame prediction mode of the current block among the intra-frame prediction modes of multiple neighboring blocks can be sent by signaling. In the case where the intra-frame prediction mode of the current block and the neighboring block is not the same, the intra-frame prediction mode information of the current block can be entropy encoded / decoded by performing entropy encoding / decoding based on the intra-frame prediction mode of the neighboring block.

[0200] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an embodiment of an inter-picture prediction process.

[0201] exist Figure 5 In , a rectangle can represent a picture. Figure 5In FIG. 1 , the arrow indicates the prediction direction. According to the encoding type of the picture, the picture can be classified into an intra picture (I picture), a predicted picture (P picture) and a bi-predicted picture (B picture).

[0202] I pictures may be encoded by intra prediction without the need for inter-picture prediction. P pictures may be encoded by inter-picture prediction using reference pictures that exist in one direction (i.e., forward or backward) for the current block. B pictures may be encoded by inter-picture prediction using reference pictures that exist in two directions (i.e., forward and backward) for the current block. When inter-picture prediction is used, the encoder may perform inter-picture prediction or motion compensation, and the decoder may perform corresponding motion compensation.

[0203] Hereinafter, embodiments of inter prediction will be described in detail.

[0204] Reference pictures and motion information may be used to perform inter-picture prediction or motion compensation.

[0205] The motion information of the current block may be derived during inter-picture prediction by each of the encoding device 100 and the decoding device 200. The motion information of the current block may be derived by using the motion information of a reconstructed neighboring block, the motion information of a co-located block (also referred to as a col block or a co-located block), and / or the motion information of a block adjacent to the co-located block. The co-located block may represent a block in a previously reconstructed co-located picture (also referred to as a col picture or a co-located picture) that is spatially located at the same position as the current block. The co-located picture may be one of the one or more reference pictures included in the reference picture list.

[0206] The derivation method of motion information may be different depending on the prediction mode of the current block. For example, the prediction modes applied to inter prediction include AMVP mode, merge mode, skip mode, merge mode with motion vector difference, sub-block merge mode, geometric partition mode, combined inter-frame intra-frame prediction mode, affine mode, etc. Here, the merge mode may be referred to as motion merge mode.

[0207] For example, when AMVP is used as a prediction mode, at least one of a motion vector of a reconstructed neighboring block, a motion vector of a co-located block, a motion vector of a block adjacent to the co-located block, and a (0,0) motion vector may be determined as a motion vector candidate for the current block, and a motion vector candidate list may be generated by using the motion vector candidate. The motion vector candidate of the current block may be derived by using the generated motion vector candidate list. The motion information of the current block may be determined based on the derived motion vector candidate. The motion vector of the co-located block or the motion vector of the block adjacent to the co-located block may be referred to as a temporal motion vector candidate, and the motion vector of the reconstructed neighboring block may be referred to as a spatial motion vector candidate.

[0208] The encoding device 100 may calculate a motion vector difference (MVD) between a motion vector of a current block and a motion vector candidate, and may perform entropy encoding on the motion vector difference (MVD). In addition, the encoding device 100 may perform entropy encoding on a motion vector candidate index and generate a bitstream. The motion vector candidate index may indicate the best motion vector candidate among the motion vector candidates included in the motion vector candidate list. The decoding device may perform entropy decoding on the motion vector candidate index included in the bitstream, and may select a motion vector candidate for a decoding target block from the motion vector candidates included in the motion vector candidate list by using the entropy-decoded motion vector candidate index. In addition, the decoding device 200 may add the entropy-decoded MVD to the motion vector candidate extracted by entropy decoding, thereby deriving the motion vector of the decoding target block.

[0209] In addition, the encoding apparatus 100 may perform entropy encoding on the resolution information of the calculated MVD. The decoding apparatus 200 may adjust the resolution of the entropy-decoded MVD using the MVD resolution information.

[0210] In addition, the encoding device 100 calculates a motion vector difference (MVD) between a motion vector in a current block and a motion vector candidate based on an affine model, and performs entropy encoding on the MVD. The decoding device 200 derives a motion vector based on each sub-block by deriving an affine controlled motion vector of a decoded target block through the sum of the entropy-decoded MVD and the affine controlled motion vector candidate.

[0211] The bitstream may include a reference picture index indicating a reference picture. The reference picture index may be entropy encoded by the encoding apparatus 100 and then signaled as a bitstream to the decoding apparatus 200. The decoding apparatus 200 may generate a prediction block of a decoding target block based on the derived motion vector and the reference picture index information.

[0212] Another example of a method of deriving motion information of a current block may be a merge mode. The merge mode may indicate a method of merging motions of a plurality of blocks. The merge mode may indicate a mode of deriving motion information of a current block from motion information of a neighboring block. When the merge mode is applied, a merge candidate list may be generated using motion information of reconstructed neighboring blocks and / or motion information of co-located blocks. The motion information may include at least one of a motion vector, a reference picture index, and an inter-picture prediction indicator. The prediction indicator may indicate unidirectional prediction (L0 prediction or L1 prediction) or bidirectional prediction (L0 prediction and L1 prediction).

[0213] The merge candidate list may be a list of stored motion information. The motion information included in the merge candidate list may be at least one of the following: motion information of a neighboring block adjacent to the current block (spatial merge candidate), motion information of a co-located block of the current block in a reference picture (temporal merge candidate), new motion information generated by a combination of motion information present in the merge candidate list, motion information of a block encoded / decoded before the current block (historical-based merge candidate), and a zero merge candidate.

[0214] The encoding device 100 may generate a bitstream by performing entropy encoding on at least one of a merge flag and a merge index, and may signal the bitstream to the decoding device 200. The merge flag may be information indicating whether a merge mode is performed for each block, and the merge index may be information indicating which neighboring block among neighboring blocks of the current block is a merge target block. For example, the neighboring blocks of the current block may include a left neighboring block located on the left side of the current block, an upper neighboring block arranged above the current block, and a temporal neighboring block temporally adjacent to the current block.

[0215] In addition, the encoding device 100 performs entropy encoding on the correction information for correcting the motion vector in the motion information of the merge candidate, and sends it to the decoding device 200 with a signal. The decoding device 200 can correct the motion vector of the merge candidate selected by the merge index based on the correction information. Here, the correction information may include at least one of information on whether to perform correction, correction direction information, and correction size information. As described above, the prediction mode in which the motion vector of the merge candidate is corrected based on the correction information sent with the signal can be referred to as a merge mode with a motion vector difference.

[0216] The skip mode may be a mode in which the motion information of the neighboring blocks is applied to the current block as it is. When the skip mode is applied, the encoding apparatus 100 may perform entropy encoding on information of the fact of which block's motion information is to be used as the motion information of the current block to generate a bitstream, and may signal the bitstream to the decoding apparatus 200. The encoding apparatus 100 may not signal a syntax element regarding at least any one of the motion vector difference information, the coded block flag, and the transform coefficient level to the decoding apparatus 200.

[0217] The subblock merge mode may indicate a mode for deriving motion information in units of subblocks of a coding block (CU). When the subblock merge mode is applied, the subblock merge candidate list may be generated using motion information of a subblock co-located with the current subblock in a reference picture (subblock-based temporal merge candidates) and / or affine control point motion vector merge candidates.

[0218] The geometric partition mode may denote a mode of deriving motion information by partitioning the current block into predefined directions, deriving each prediction sample using each of the derived motion information, and deriving the prediction sample of the current block by weighting each of the derived prediction samples.

[0219] The inter-intra combined prediction mode may mean a mode of deriving a prediction sample of a current block by weighting a prediction sample generated by inter prediction and a prediction sample generated by intra prediction.

[0220] The decoding apparatus 200 may correct the derived motion information by itself. The decoding apparatus 200 may search for a predetermined area based on a reference block indicated by the derived motion information, and derive motion information having a minimum SAD as corrected motion information.

[0221] The decoding apparatus 200 may compensate for prediction samples derived through inter-frame prediction using optical flow.

[0222] Figure 6 is a diagram illustrating transform and quantization processing.

[0223] like Figure 6 As shown in , a transform process and / or a quantization process is performed on the residual signal to generate a quantized level signal. The residual signal is the difference between the original block and the prediction block (i.e., an intra-frame prediction block or an inter-frame prediction block). The prediction block is a block generated by intra-frame prediction or inter-frame prediction. The transform can be a primary transform, a secondary transform, or both a primary transform and a secondary transform. The primary transform of the residual signal generates transform coefficients, and the secondary transform of the transform coefficients generates secondary transform coefficients.

[0224] At least one scheme selected from various predefined transform schemes is used to perform the primary transform. For example, examples of the predetermined transform scheme include discrete cosine transform (DCT), discrete sine transform (DST) and Karhunen-Loève transform (KLT). The transform coefficients generated by the primary transform may undergo a secondary transform. The transform scheme for the primary transform and / or the secondary transform may be determined based on the coding parameters of the current block and / or the neighboring blocks of the current block. Optionally, transform information indicating the transform scheme may be sent by a signal. DCT-based transforms may include, for example, DCT-2, DCT-8, etc. DST-based transforms may include, for example, DST-7.

[0225] A quantized level signal (quantized coefficient) may be generated by performing quantization on a residual signal or a result of performing a primary transform and / or a secondary transform. Depending on the intra prediction mode of the block or the block size / shape, the quantized level signal may be scanned according to at least one of a diagonal upper right scan, a vertical scan, and a horizontal scan. For example, when scanning coefficients in a diagonal upper right scan, the coefficients in block form are changed to a one-dimensional vector form. In addition to the diagonal upper right scan, a horizontal scan that scans the coefficients in a two-dimensional block form horizontally or a vertical scan that scans the coefficients in a two-dimensional block form vertically may be used depending on the intra prediction mode and / or the size of the transform block. The scanned quantized level coefficients may be entropy encoded for insertion into a bitstream.

[0226] The decoder performs entropy decoding on the bit stream to obtain quantized level coefficients. The quantized level coefficients can be arranged in a two-dimensional block form by reverse scanning. For reverse scanning, at least one of diagonal upper right scanning, vertical scanning, and horizontal scanning can be used.

[0227] The quantized level coefficients may then be dequantized, then inversely transformed twice as needed, and finally inversely transformed once as needed to produce a reconstructed residual signal.

[0228] Inverse mapping in the dynamic range can be performed for the luminance component reconstructed by intra prediction or inter prediction before loop filtering. The dynamic range can be partitioned into 16 equal segments, and the mapping function of each segment can be sent with a signal. The mapping function can be sent with a signal at the slice level or the parallel block group level. The inverse mapping function for performing inverse mapping can be derived based on the mapping function. Loop filtering, reference picture storage and motion compensation are performed in the inverse mapping area, and the prediction block generated by inter prediction is converted to the mapping area via mapping using the mapping function, and then used to generate a reconstructed block. However, since intra prediction is performed in the mapping area, the prediction block generated via intra prediction can be used to generate a reconstructed block without mapping / inverse mapping.

[0229] When the current block is a residual block of a chroma component, the residual block can be converted to an inverse mapping area by performing scaling on the chroma component of the mapping area. The availability of scaling can be signaled at the slice level or the parallel block group level. Scaling can be applied only when the mapping of the luminance component is available and the partitions of the luminance component and the chroma component follow the same tree structure. Scaling can be performed based on the average value of the sample values ​​of the luminance prediction block corresponding to the chroma block. In this case, when the current block uses inter-frame prediction, the luminance prediction block may represent the mapped luminance prediction block. The value required for scaling can be derived by using the index reference lookup table of the fragment to which the average value of the sample values ​​of the luminance prediction block belongs. Finally, the residual block can be converted to an inverse mapping area by scaling the residual block using the derived value. Then, chroma component block recovery, intra-frame prediction, inter-frame prediction, loop filtering, and reference picture storage can be performed in the inverse mapping area.

[0230] Information indicating whether mapping / inverse mapping of luma components and chroma components is available may be signaled through a sequence parameter set.

[0231] The prediction block of the current block can be generated based on a block vector indicating the displacement between the current block and the reference block in the current picture. In this way, the prediction mode for generating the prediction block with reference to the current picture is called an intra-block copy (IBC) mode. The IBC mode can be applied to M×N (M<=64, N<=64) coding units. The IBC mode may include a skip mode, a merge mode, an AMVP mode, and the like. In the case of a skip mode or a merge mode, a merge candidate list is constructed, and a merge index is sent with a signal so that a merge candidate can be specified. The block vector of the specified merge candidate can be used as the block vector of the current block. The merge candidate list may include at least one of a spatial candidate, a history-based candidate, a candidate based on the average of two candidates, and a zero merge candidate. In the case of the AMVP mode, a difference block vector may be sent with a signal. In addition, a prediction block vector may be derived from the left neighboring block and the upper neighboring block of the current block. The index of the neighboring block to be used may be sent with a signal. The prediction block in the IBC mode is included in the current CTU or the left CTU and is limited to blocks in the reconstructed area. For example, the value of the block vector can be limited so that the prediction block of the current block is located in the region of three 64×64 blocks before the 64×64 block to which the current block belongs in the encoding / decoding order. By limiting the value of the block vector in this way, the memory consumption and device complexity of the implementation scheme according to the IBC mode can be reduced.

[0232] Hereinafter, an encoding / decoding method using sub-picture merging and sub-stream extraction according to an embodiment of the present disclosure is provided.

[0233] Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating an image encoding / decoding method according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0234] Reference Figure 8 According to an embodiment of the present disclosure, an image encoding / decoding method may include: partitioning a current picture into multiple sub-pictures (S810), obtaining sub-picture information of the partitioned sub-pictures (S820), and / or generating a single stream of the current picture by merging the obtained sub-picture information (S830).

[0235] Fig. 9 is a diagram illustrating an image encoding / decoding method according to another embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0236] Reference Fig. 9 According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, an image encoding / decoding method may include: obtaining a single stream including sub-picture information of a plurality of sub-pictures (S910), selecting a sub-picture to be extracted from the plurality of sub-pictures (S920), determining the single stream as a stream to be extracted (S930), and / or obtaining a sub-stream of the sub-picture to be extracted from the stream to be extracted by removing or using at least one piece of sub-picture information included in the stream to be extracted (S940).

[0237] The stream may represent a bit stream. In addition, a single stream may include at least one substream. In addition, a substream may be extracted from a single stream and may include encoding information of a predetermined area in a picture.

[0238] In the following, the application to Figure 8 and Fig. 9 Detailed configuration.

[0239] according to Figure 8 According to the configuration, a picture can be partitioned into at least one sub-picture to obtain a single stream compatible with or conforming to the encoded sub-stream. For parallel processing and separate encoding / decoding of predetermined area units in one picture, sub-picture information of the partitioned sub-pictures can be encoded / decoded in units of sub-pictures. That is, at least one of the sub-picture information of the sub-pictures can be merged to generate a single stream for the picture. At this time, single encoding / decoding can be performed.

[0240] according to Fig. 9 When extracting a specific substream from the merged single stream, a substream compatible with or conforming to the encoder / decoder can be extracted. For separate encoding / decoding of a predetermined area unit in a picture, at least one subpicture information can be extracted from a single stream including subpicture information of a plurality of subpictures, thereby generating a substream including at least one subpicture information. At this time, the substream can be encoded / decoded separately without relying on other substreams in the encoder / decoder.

[0241] One screen included in an image may be partitioned into one or more sub-screens, and the image may be encoded / decoded in units of sub-screens.

[0242] A parameter set or a header (e.g., SPS or PPS) of a coded stream (coded video sequence (CVS)) may include at least one of the following sub-picture information. For example, the sub-picture information may include at least one of the following: information indicating the number of sub-pictures included in one picture, position information of each sub-picture in one picture, size information of each sub-picture in one picture, information indicating whether parsing and encoding of sub-pictures are performed in the same manner as one picture, sub-picture filtering information, information indicating whether the number of sub-pictures is equal to or greater than 2, information indicating an index of a sub-picture corresponding to a grid, information indicating whether a sub-picture can be encoded / decoded like a picture, information about a CTU located on the upper left side of a sub-picture, or sub-picture ID information. In addition, the sub-picture information may include at least one of a video coding layer (VCL) network abstraction layer (NAL) unit or a non-VCL NAL unit of the sub-picture.

[0243] Meanwhile, the sub-picture may include one or more CTU rows or one or more CTU columns, and the size of the sub-picture may be signaled based on the width and height of a CTU unit or the width and height of a predetermined block unit.

[0244] For example, the sub-picture filtering information may include information indicating whether to apply at least one of a deblocking filter, a sample adaptive offset (SAO), or an adaptive loop filter (ALF) to a boundary between sub-pictures.

[0245] A sub-picture may be composed of at least one slice / parallel block and may be represented as one or more VCL NAL units on a stream. Here, the sub-VCL NAL unit may include encoded video information. For example, it may include at least one of the encoded picture / sub-picture / slice / parallel block information. At this time, the slice header of each sub-picture may include at least one of the following information. For example, a sub-picture identifier indicating that the current sub-picture is the number of the current picture and an identifier for identifying the header information of the sub-picture may be included in the slice header.

[0246] For example, an identifier indicating which number of the current sub picture is the current picture may be defined as a syntax element sub_pic_idx.

[0247] For example, the identifier for identifying the header information of the sub-picture may identify a parameter set or header information required to decode the sub-picture.

[0248] For example, the VCL NAL units of each sub-picture may be signaled according to a raster scan order. In another example, the VCL NAL units of each sub-picture may be signaled according to an ascending order of the sub-picture identifier sub_pic_idx.

[0249] Fig.10 is a diagram showing a sub-picture included in one picture, Fig.11 is a diagram showing a stream including a plurality of sub-pictures.

[0250] Fig.10 An example of partitioning a screen into nine sub-screens is shown. For example, the screen may be partitioned into rectangular sub-screens. Fig.11 An example of a stream that is compressed and includes information about nine sub-pictures is shown. As described above, the sub-pictures may be included in the stream and signaled according to a raster scan order.

[0251] Each sub-picture can be encoded / decoded by an independent encoder / decoder. In this case, since each encoder / decoder can regard the sub-picture as one picture and perform encoding / decoding, one sub-picture composed of one or more VCL NAL units can be encoded / decoded in an access unit (AU). Accordingly, the subsequent non-VCL NAL unit can be encoded / decoded before the stream of the sub-picture or after the stream of the sub-picture.

[0252] In the following description, the stream of the sub-picture may represent the sub-stream. In addition, encoding / decoding before the stream of the sub-picture may represent that encoding / decoding is performed earlier than the sub-picture, and encoding / decoding after the stream of the sub-picture may represent that encoding / decoding is performed later than the sub-picture.

[0253] Meanwhile, the non-VCL NAL unit may include information other than the encoded video information, for example, at least one of a video parameter set, a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, an adaptation parameter set, a picture header, an access unit delimiter (AUD), filter data (FD), or supplemental enhancement information (SEI).

[0254] For example, the following non-VCL NAL unit may be signaled before the first VCL NAL unit of the sub-picture, and information about the non-VCL NAL unit may be used as information about the sub-picture.

[0255] -AUD -Prefix SEI The following non-VCL NAL unit may be signaled after the last VCL NAL unit of the sub-picture, and information about the non-VCL NAL unit may be used as information about the sub-picture.

[0256] -Suffix SEI -FD The NAL unit header or raw byte sequence payload (RBSP) of the non-VCL NAL unit may include an identifier indicating that the current sub-picture is the number of the current picture. Here, the RBSP may represent a syntax structure including syntax elements, and may include at least one of a parameter set, a header, or coded picture / sub-picture / slice / parallel block information.

[0257] The AU boundary may be identified using information slice_address indicating the number of a sub-picture that a current slice is, included in an AUD, a prefix SEI, a suffix SEI, or a slice.

[0258] For example, the encoding device may signal the AUD before encoding the sub-picture. The decoding device may recognize that a new AU starts when receiving the AUD.

[0259] Fig.12 is a diagram showing a stream structure of a sub-picture access unit (AU).

[0260] Fig.12 An example of signaling a sub-picture consisting of three slices VCL NAL#1, VCL NAL#2, and VCL NAL#3 through a single stream consisting of two AUs is shown. The start boundary of the first AU can be determined using AUD, and the end boundary of the AU can be determined using at least one of the suffix SEI or slice_address of the slice header of the next AU.

[0261] The substreams of a sub-picture may be merged into a single stream configuring one picture and signaled. When one or more substreams are merged into a single stream, a new non-VCL NAL unit may be added.

[0262] Unmerged substreams can be encoded / decoded independently. At least one of AUD or prefix SEI can be signaled before each AU, and at least one of suffix SEI or FD can be signaled after each AU. When merging one or more substreams to generate a stream of one picture, a non-VCL NAL unit or SEI for identifying AU boundaries can be inserted into the stream.

[0263] Fig.13 is a diagram showing a syntax element structure of AUD.

[0264] An AUD indicating an AU boundary of a picture unit may be inserted into a stream. When merging streams, an AUD indicating a boundary of a picture unit AU may be added before each AU of a substream corresponding to a first subpicture.

[0265] For example, when merging substreams, AUD RBSP may be signaled. At this time, a syntax element pic_aud_flag or aud_irap_or_gdr_flag having a first value for identifying a boundary of an AU of a picture (not a sub-picture) may be included in the AUD RBSP. Here, the first value may represent 1, and when pic_aud_flag or aud_irap_or_gdr_flag indicates the first value, the boundary of the AU may represent a picture boundary.

[0266] Fig.14 and Fig.15 is a diagram showing the stream structure of a picture AU.

[0267] Fig.14 and Fig.15 An example of using AUD when two sub-streams for two sub-pictures are merged to produce a single stream for one picture is shown. Fig.14 Two unmerged substreams are shown, and Fig.15 The merged single stream is shown. Fig.15 As shown, an AUD having a pic_aud_flag with a first value may be added before the first substream, thereby determining the boundary of the picture AU. That is, when there is an AUD having a pic_aud_flag with a first value, it may be determined as the boundary of the picture AU. In the following description, a picture AU may be expressed as PicAU, and a sub-picture AU may be expressed as SubAU.

[0268] Fig.16 is another diagram showing the stream structure of a picture AU.

[0269] Fig.16 An example is shown in which a prefix SEI for identifying a PicAU is inserted into a single stream when merging substreams.

[0270] For example, when a single stream of one picture is generated by merging at least two substreams, a prefix SEI indicating a boundary of PicAU may be inserted into the stream. When merging substreams, a prefix SEI having a payload type indicating a PicAU boundary may be inserted before each sub-SubAU of the substream corresponding to the first sub-picture. When a prefix SEI having a payload type is signaled in a single stream, the decoder may determine that a new AU starts. Here, determining that a new AU starts may mean determining a boundary of a picture AU. That is, when there is a prefix SEI having a payload type indicating a PicAU boundary, this may be determined as a boundary of a picture AU.

[0271] In another example, when the substreams are merged, an end-of-bitstream (EOB) NAL unit indicating the end of the single stream may be inserted at the end of the merged stream. At this time, in order to distinguish the EOB of the substream from the EOB of the single stream, an EOB having a different NAL unit type than the EOB that can be used in the substream may be inserted at the end of the PicAU.

[0272] The decoder may use at least one of the above methods to identify the picture AU in the single stream of the merged sub-streams.

[0273] When one or more substreams are merged into a single stream, specific non-VCL NAL units included in the substream may be removed or changed. That is, when the substreams are merged into a single stream, at least one of the following non-VCL NAL units may be removed or changed. For example, the NAL unit removed or changed may be at least one of a decoding parameter set (DPS), a video parameter set (VPS), an end of bitstream (EOB), an end of sequence (EOS), an access unit delimiter (AUD), a sequence parameter set (SPS), a picture parameter set (PPS), or sub-picture information supplemental enhancement information (SEI).

[0274] For example, when DPSs are respectively included in substreams and the substreams are merged, all DPSs included in the substreams except for the DPS included in one substream may be removed. In another example, assuming that all syntax elements in the DPSs included in the substreams have the same value, all DPSs of the substreams may be removed and only one DPS may be inserted into a single stream. For example, the DPS may be inserted before the first substream in the single stream.

[0275] In another example, when VPSs are respectively included in substreams and the substreams are merged, all VPSs included in the substreams except for the VPS included in one substream may be removed. In another example, assuming that all syntax elements in the VPSs included in the substreams have the same value, all VPSs of the substreams may be removed and only one VPS may be inserted into the single stream. For example, the VPS may be inserted before the first substream in the single stream.

[0276] In another example, when EOS are respectively included in substreams and the substreams are merged, all EOSs included in the substreams except for the EOS included in one substream may be removed. In another example, assuming that all EOSs included in the substreams are respectively located after the SubAUs of the substreams, all EOSs of the substreams may be removed, and only one EOS may be inserted after the PicAU in the single stream.

[0277] In another example, assuming that all EOSs respectively included in the substreams are respectively located after the nth SubAU of the substreams, all EOSs of the substreams may be removed, and only one EOS may be inserted after the nth PicAU in the single stream.

[0278] In another example, when EOBs are respectively included in substreams and the substreams are merged, all EOBs included in the substreams except for the EOB included in one substream may be removed. In another example, all EOBs of the substreams may be removed and only one EOB may be inserted into a single stream. For example, the EOB may be inserted after the last substream in the single stream.

[0279] In another example, when AUDs are included in substreams respectively and the substreams are merged, all AUDs included in the substreams except the AUD included in one substream may be removed. Alternatively, when the substreams are merged, the AUD may be inserted / retained only before the substream corresponding to the first sub-picture in the picture. That is, all AUDs except the AUD located before the substream corresponding to the first sub-picture in the picture may be removed.

[0280] In another example, when SPSs are included in substreams respectively and the substreams are merged, all SPSs included in the substreams may be removed, and a new SPS including information about sub-pictures included in a single stream may be generated and inserted into the merged single stream. For example, the SPS may be inserted before a sequence in a single stream. For example, the information about the sub-picture may be at least one of the following syntax elements.

[0281] The syntax element subpics_present_flag may indicate whether the number of subpictures to be merged is two or more. For example, when the number of subpictures is two or more, subpics_present_flag may have 1 as a first value. In addition, subpics_present_flag may indicate whether subpicture information exists. For example, when subpics_present_flag is 1 as a first value, subpicture information may exist, and when subpics_present_flag is 0 as a second value, subpicture information may not exist in the stream.

[0282] The syntax element max_subpics_minus1 may indicate a value obtained by subtracting 1 from the number of merged sub-pictures. That is, max_subpics_minus1 may represent information indicating the number of sub-pictures included in one picture.

[0283] The syntax element subpic_grid_idx may indicate the index of a subpicture corresponding to each grid when the picture is partitioned into an arbitrary grid (eg, 4×4). Meanwhile, size information (eg, width / height, resolution, etc.) of the subpicture included in the SPS of each substream may be used to derive subpic_grid_idx.

[0284] The syntax element subpic_treated_as_pic_flag may indicate whether each sub-picture can be encoded / decoded like a picture.

[0285] In another example, when PPSs are respectively included in substreams and the substreams are merged, all PPSs included in the substreams except for a PPS included in one substream may be removed. In another example, assuming that all syntax elements included in a PPS in each substream have the same value, all PPSs of the substreams may be removed and only one PPS may be inserted into a single stream. For example, the PPS may be inserted before the first substream in the single stream.

[0286] In another example, when the sub-picture information SEI is included in the sub-stream and the sub-stream is merged, all sub-picture information SEIs included in the sub-stream except the sub-picture information SEI included in one sub-stream may be removed. In another example, the sub-picture information SEI corresponding to each merged sub-picture information may be inserted into a single stream. For example, the sub-picture information SEI may be inserted after the last sub-stream in the single stream.

[0287] Fig.17 is a diagram illustrating an example of merging substreams to generate a single stream.

[0288] When substreams are merged into a single stream, the location of a specific non-VCL NAL unit included in the substreams may be moved in the single stream.

[0289] For example, when the prefix SEI is included in the sub-stream, the prefix SEI may be moved to the front side of the first VCL NAL unit of the first sub-picture of the single-stream PicAU. Fig.17 An example is shown in which substreams are merged into a single stream when the same Nth SubAU of two substreams includes a prefix SEI. When merging into a single stream, one or more prefix SEIs included in the same Nth SubAU of each substream may be moved to the front side of the first VCL NAL unit of the substream of the first sub-picture in the single stream. In addition, the order of the prefix SEI may be arranged in the same manner as the sub-picture index.

[0290] In another example, when the suffix SEI is included in the substream, the suffix SEI may be moved to the rear side of the last VCL NAL unit of the last sub-picture of the single-stream PicAU. At this time, when there are one or more suffix SEIs, the suffix SEI may be arranged in the same manner as the sub-picture index.

[0291] When one or more substreams are merged into a single stream, the prefix SEI included in the substream can be moved to the front side of the first VLC NAL unit of the sub-picture. That is, within the merged single-stream PicAU, the prefix SEI can exist between VLC NALs, and the application scope of each prefix SEI can be defined as the current SubAU.

[0292] For example, when the recovery_point SEI exists in the merged single stream, the application scope of the SEI may be limited to the current SubAU. That is, the SEI may be applicable only to the sub-picture corresponding to the current SubAU.

[0293] When one or more substreams are merged into a single stream, the suffix SEI included in the substream can be moved to the rear side of the last VLC NAL unit of the sub-picture. That is, within the merged single-stream PicAU, the suffix SEI can exist between VLC NALs, and the application scope of each suffix SEI can be defined as the current SubAU.

[0294] For example, when decoded_picture_hash SEI exists in the merged single stream, the application scope of SEI may be limited to the current SubAU. That is, SEI may be applicable only to the sub-picture corresponding to the current SubAU.

[0295] When extracting a sub-stream of one or more sub-pictures from a signaled single stream, certain non-VCL NAL units may be removed or changed.

[0296] In an embodiment of the present disclosure, a substream may be obtained by setting a single stream as a stream to be extracted and removing unnecessary information from the stream to be extracted or changing some information of the stream to be extracted.

[0297] The encoder / decoder can derive the final sub-stream by removing unnecessary information or changing some information from the derived single stream.

[0298] For example, when the maximum temporal layer identifier tIdTarget value of the NAL unit included in the stream to be extracted is greater than the temporal layer identifier TemporalId to which the current stream extraction is applied, the NAL unit may be removed from the stream to be extracted. That is, when TemporalId is greater than tIdTarget, the NAL unit may be removed from the stream to be extracted.

[0299] In another example, when a NAL unit included in a stream to be extracted satisfies a predetermined condition, the NAL unit may be removed from the stream to be extracted.

[0300] In another example, when a non-VCL NAL unit or SEI is inserted in order to identify that a PicAU boundary exists in a stream to be extracted due to merging, a substream with the non-VCL NAL unit or SEI removed may be extracted.

[0301] In another example, when there is an AUD for identifying a PicAU boundary, a substream may be extracted by removing the AUD or changing the value of the syntax element aud_irap_or_gdr_flag value indicating a picture unit boundary included in the AUD to a second value indicating a SubAU.

[0302] In another example, the SPS information of the picture included in the single stream may be changed to the SPS information of the extracted sub-picture. For example, the SPS information may be changed as follows.

[0303] Since the syntax element subpics_present_flag indicates the number of sub-pictures present in the sequence, when the number of extracted sub-pictures is 1, it may be changed to 0 as the second value.

[0304] The syntax element max_subpics_minus1 may be changed to a value of the number of extracted sub-pictures - 1. That is, max_subpics_minus1 may be changed to 0 and extracted in order to indicate that there is only one sub-picture or picture.

[0305] When the extracted sub-picture is regarded as one picture and partitioned into an arbitrary grid (eg, 4×4), the syntax element subpic_grid_idx may be changed to an index of a sub-picture corresponding to each grid.

[0306] The syntax elements sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x and sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y represent the coordinates of the CTU located on the upper left side, and the extracted sub-picture may be considered as one picture, so sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x and sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y may be changed to 0.

[0307] The width information and height information of the picture in the SPS information may be changed into the width information and height information of the sub picture.

[0308] For example, when any grid is a CTU, the SPS information of the sub-picture may be located after log2_ctu_size_minus5.

[0309] In another example, when SPS information of a plurality of sub-pictures exists in a single stream, SPS information of the extracted sub-pictures may be extracted using information about the sub-pictures or the single stream, and SPS information of the remaining sub-pictures may be removed.

[0310] The SPS information of the extracted sub-picture may be changed and extracted, or may be extracted based on the SPS information of a single stream. For example, when only one sub-picture is extracted, the coordinates (sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x, sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y) of the CTU located on the upper left side of the extracted sub-picture may be changed to (0, 0) and extracted. In addition, the information sps_num_subpics_minus1 indicating the total number of sub-pictures may be changed to 0 and extracted. That is, the total number of sub-pictures may be set to 1. In addition, the width information and height information of the picture in the SPS information may be changed to the width information and height information of the sub-picture and extracted.

[0311] On the other hand, at least one of information sps_subpic_treated_as_pic_flag indicating whether a sub-picture is treated as a picture, information sps_loop_filter_across_subpic_enabled_flag indicating whether a filter is applied to a sub-picture boundary, or a sub-picture ID sps_subpic_id may be extracted without change. Here, the information indicating whether a sub-picture is treated as a picture may indicate information indicating whether parsing or decoding of a sub-picture is performed in the same manner as one picture. In addition, the information indicating whether a filter is applied to a sub-picture boundary may indicate sub-picture filtering information.

[0312] Meanwhile, when a sub-picture is extracted, at least one of sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_x, sps_subpic_ctu_top_left_y, sps_subpic_width_minus1, sps_subpic_height_minus1, sps_subpic_treated_as_pic_flag, sps_loop_filter_across_subpic_enabled_flag, or sps_subpic_id of the unextracted sub-picture may be removed.

[0313] In another example, when PPS information of a plurality of sub-pictures exists in a single stream, PPS information of the extracted sub-pictures may be extracted using information about the sub-pictures or the single stream, and PPS information of the remaining sub-pictures may be removed.

[0314] For example, information pps_num_subpics_minus1 indicating the total number of sub-pictures may be changed to 0 and extracted. That is, the total number of sub-pictures may be set to 1. In addition, width and height information of a picture in the PPS information may be changed to width and height information of a sub-picture and extracted.

[0315] When extracting a substream of one or more sub-pictures from a single stream, specific non-VCL NAL units may be included and extracted. This restriction may be used for standard bitstream compatibility / conformance.

[0316] For example, if the header of the non-VCL NAL unit specifies which sub-picture the NAL unit is associated with and an arbitrary sub-picture is extracted, the non-VCL NAL unit associated with the sub-picture may be included and the substream may be extracted. In addition, for example, if the header of the non-VCL NAL unit does not specify which sub-picture the NAL unit is associated with, the non-VCL NAL unit associated with the PicAU including the sub-picture to be extracted may be included and the substream may be extracted.

[0317] For example, if a DPS, an SPS NAL unit, a PPS NAL unit, and an APS NAL unit referenced by a sub-picture in a PicAU to be extracted are extracted from a single stream, the NAL unit may be included before the SubAU and extracted, thereby maintaining bitstream compatibility / consistency.

[0318] In another example, if a predetermined condition is satisfied, when extracting a sub-stream from a single stream, at least one of a VPS NAL unit, an AUD NAL unit, an EOB NAL unit, or a SEI NAL unit corresponding to the extracted sub-picture may not be removed.

[0319] In another example, when extracting a sub-stream from a single stream, the AUD NAL units that do not correspond to the extracted sub-pictures may be removed.

[0320] In another example, if the AUD NAL unit is included in a single stream, aud_irap_or_gdr_flag may be set to 1 as a first value, and the sub stream may be extracted.

[0321] In another example, a prefix SEI NAL unit associated with a sub-picture from a single stream may be included before a SubAU to be extracted, and the sub-stream may be extracted.

[0322] In another example, a suffix SEI NAL unit associated with a sub-picture from a single stream may be included after a SubAU to be extracted, and the sub-stream may be extracted.

[0323] In another example, the FD NAL unit associated with the sub-picture extracted from the single stream or signaled after the sub-picture extracted from the single stream may be included in the sub-stream together and extracted. That is, only the FD NAL unit of the extracted sub-picture may be extracted, and the FD NAL units of the remaining sub-pictures may be removed.

[0324] In another example, the EOS or EOB NAL unit exists in the PicAU to be extracted from the single stream, and the EOS or EOB NAL unit may be included after the SubAU and extracted. At this time, the EOS or EOB NAL unit may be arranged according to the order of the NAL unit after the SubAU of the bitstream. That is, when both EOS and EOB exist, they may be arranged in the order of EOS and EOB.

[0325] In another example, when extracting a sub-stream from a single stream, APS NAL units that do not correspond to the extracted sub-pictures may be removed.

[0326] The embodiments of merging the above substreams into a single stream and extracting the substreams from the single stream are described as being performed in the encoder / decoder, which can be performed by a device including the encoder / decoder or a device not including the encoder / decoder, but is not limited thereto. Here, the device including the encoding / decoding module can be a device separate from the encoder / decoder.

[0327] For example, the separate devices may be referred to as single stream merging devices or sub-stream extraction devices. For example, the encoder / decoder may obtain a single stream or sub-stream generated from a single stream merging device or a sub-stream extraction device and perform a reference Figure 1 to Figure 2 The image encoding / decoding operation described, or performing Figure 8 and Fig. 9 Image encoding / decoding operations.

[0328] For example, the encoder may obtain a single stream generated from a single stream merging device and generate a substream. As another example, the decoder may obtain a single stream generated from a single stream merging device, generate a substream, and obtain sub-picture information from the substream. As another example, the decoder may obtain a substream generated by a substream extraction device and generate a single stream. As another example, the decoder may obtain a substream generated by a substream extraction device and obtain sub-picture information from the substream.

[0329] The above embodiments may be performed in the same manner in an encoder and a decoder.

[0330] At least one or a combination of the above embodiments may be used to encode / decode a video.

[0331] The order in which the above embodiments are applied may be different between the encoder and the decoder, or the order in which the above embodiments are applied may be the same in the encoder and the decoder.

[0332] The above embodiments may be performed on each of the luminance signal and the chrominance signal, or may be performed identically on the luminance and chrominance signals.

[0333] The block form to which the above embodiment of the present invention is applied may have a square form or a non-square form.

[0334] At least one of the syntax elements (flags, indexes, etc.) entropy-encoded in the encoder and entropy-decoded in the decoder may use at least one of the following binarization, debinarization, entropy encoding / decoding methods.

[0335] - Binarization / debinarization method of signed 0th order Exp_Golomb (se(v)) - Signed k-order Exp_Golomb binarization / debinarization method (sek(v)) - Binarization / debinarization method of Exp_Golomb of order 0 for unsigned positive integers (ue(v)) - Unsigned positive integer k-th order Exp_Golomb binarization / debinarization method (uek(v)) - Fixed length binarization / debinarization method (f(n)) - Truncated Rice binarization / debinarization method or truncated unary binarization / debinarization method (tu(v)) - Truncated binary binarization / debinarization method (tb(v)) -Context Adaptive Arithmetic Coding / Decoding Method (ae(v)) -Byte unit bit string (b(8)) - Binarization / debinarization methods for signed integers (i(n)) - Binarization / debinarization method for unsigned positive integers (u(n)) - Unary Binarization / Debinarization Method The above embodiments of the present invention may be applied according to the size of at least one of a coding block, a prediction block, a transform block, a block, a current block, a coding unit, a prediction unit, a transform unit, a unit, and a current unit. Here, the size may be defined as a minimum size or a maximum size or both a minimum size and a maximum size, so that the above embodiments are applied, or may be defined as a fixed size to which the above embodiments are applied. In addition, in the above embodiments, the first embodiment may be applied to a first size, and the second embodiment may be applied to a second size. In other words, the above embodiments may be applied according to size combinations. In addition, the above embodiments may be applied when the size is equal to or greater than the minimum size and equal to or less than the maximum size. In other words, the above embodiments may be applied when the block size is included in a specific range.

[0336] For example, when the size of the current block is 8×8 or larger, the above embodiment may be applied. For example, when the size of the current block is only 4×4, the above embodiment may be applied. For example, when the size of the current block is 16×16 or smaller, the above embodiment may be applied. For example, when the size of the current block is equal to or larger than 16×16 and equal to or smaller than 64×64, the above embodiment may be applied.

[0337] The above embodiments of the present invention may be applied in accordance with time layers. In order to identify the time layers to which the above embodiments may be applied, a corresponding identifier may be signaled, and the above embodiments may be applied to the specified time layers identified by the corresponding identifiers. Here, the identifier may be defined as the lowest layer or the highest layer or both the lowest layer and the highest layer to which the above embodiments may be applied, or may be defined as a specific layer indicating the application of the embodiments. In addition, a fixed time layer to which the embodiments may be applied may be defined.

[0338] For example, when the temporal layer of the current image is the lowest layer, the above embodiment can be applied. For example, when the temporal layer identifier of the current image is 1, the above embodiment can be applied. For example, when the temporal layer of the current image is the highest layer, the above embodiment can be applied.

[0339] A slice type or a tile group type to which the above embodiments of the present invention are applied may be defined, and the above embodiments may be applied depending on the corresponding slice type or tile group type.

[0340] In the above embodiments, the method is described based on a flowchart having a series of steps or units, but the present invention is not limited to the order of the steps, but some steps can be performed simultaneously with other steps or in a different order. In addition, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that the steps in the flowchart are not mutually exclusive, and other steps can be added to the flowchart, or some steps can be deleted from the flowchart without affecting the scope of the present invention.

[0341] The embodiments include various aspects of the examples. All possible combinations for various aspects may not be described, but those skilled in the art will be able to recognize different combinations. Therefore, the present invention may include all substitutions, modifications and changes within the scope of the claims.

[0342] The embodiments of the present invention may be implemented in the form of program instructions that can be executed by various computer components and recorded in a computer-readable recording medium. The computer-readable recording medium may include independent program instructions, data files, data structures, etc. or a combination of program instructions, data files, data structures, etc. The program instructions recorded in the computer-readable recording medium may be specially designed and constructed for the present invention, or known to ordinary technicians in the field of computer software technology. Examples of computer-readable recording media include: magnetic recording media (such as hard disks, floppy disks, and tapes); optical data storage media (such as CD-ROMs or DVD-ROMs); magnetically optimized media (such as optical floppy disks); and hardware devices (such as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), flash memory, etc.) that are specially constructed to store and implement program instructions. Examples of program instructions include not only machine language codes formatted by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be implemented by a computer using an interpreter. The hardware device may be configured to be operated by one or more software modules to perform processing according to the present invention, or vice versa.

[0343] Although the present invention has been described according to specific items such as detailed elements and limited embodiments and drawings, they are only provided to help a more comprehensive understanding of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made based on the above description.

[0344] Therefore, the spirit of the present invention should not be limited to the above-described embodiments, and the full scope of the appended claims and their equivalents will fall within the scope and spirit of the present invention.

[0345] Industrial Applicability The present invention can be used to encode or decode images.

Claims

1. An image decoding method, comprising: Obtaining a stream of sub-picture information including a plurality of sub-pictures; selecting a first sub-picture from the plurality of sub-pictures; obtaining a substream of a first sub-picture from the stream by removing or using at least one piece of sub-picture information included in the stream, The at least one sub-picture information includes information indicating whether to regard the first sub-picture as a picture. The substream is obtained by removing the network abstraction layer NAL unit whose temporal ID is greater than the maximum temporal layer identifier and setting the upper left coding tree unit CTU coordinates of the first sub-picture to (0, 0).

2. The image decoding method according to claim 1, wherein: The sub-picture information includes: non-VCL NAL units and VCL NAL units for the multiple sub-pictures.

3. The image decoding method according to claim 1, wherein: The sub-stream is obtained by removing the VCL NAL units of the sub-pictures that are not the sub-pictures to be extracted.

4. The image decoding method according to claim 1, wherein: The sub-stream is obtained by removing the sub-picture information of the sub-picture other than the first sub-picture.

5. The image decoding method according to claim 1, in, The sub-picture information includes at least one of the following: a video parameter set VPS NAL unit, an end-of-bitstream EOB NAL unit, an access unit delimiter AUD NAL unit, or a supplemental enhancement information SEI NAL unit, and Wherein, at least one of the VPS NAL unit, the EOB NAL unit, the AUD NAL unit or the SEINAL unit is not removed from the stream to be extracted.

6. An image encoding method, comprising: Partition the screen into multiple sub-screens; obtaining a stream containing the encoded data of the plurality of sub-pictures, the stream including sub-picture information of the plurality of sub-pictures, wherein the sub-picture information is used to extract a sub-stream of a first sub-picture among the plurality of sub-pictures from the stream, The sub-picture information includes information indicating whether to regard the first sub-picture as a picture. When extracting the substream of the first sub-picture from the stream, the network abstraction layer NAL unit whose time ID is greater than the maximum time layer identifier is removed from the stream, and the upper left coding tree unit CTU coordinates of the first sub-picture are set to (0, 0).

7. A method for transmitting a stream generated by an image encoding method, comprising: Sending the stream, Wherein, the image encoding method comprises: Partition the screen into multiple sub-screens; obtaining a stream containing the encoded data of the plurality of sub-pictures, the stream including sub-picture information of the plurality of sub-pictures, wherein the sub-picture information is used to extract a sub-stream of a first sub-picture among the plurality of sub-pictures from the stream, The sub-picture information includes information indicating whether to regard the first sub-picture as a picture. When extracting the substream of the first sub-picture from the stream, the network abstraction layer NAL unit whose time ID is greater than the maximum time layer identifier is removed from the stream, and the upper left coding tree unit CTU coordinates of the first sub-picture are set to (0, 0).

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