Method for resisting macadamia nut branch splitting through transverse branch grafting

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for resisting macadamia nut branch splitting through transverse branch grafting, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and management. According to the method, the scion is transversely grafted between the two branches, the two branches and the scion form a triangle, the stress area of the branches is increased, and branch splitting is resisted. After grafting and healing, the scions grow along with the growth of the tree body, branches are connected, tensioned and supported mutually, the macadamia nut branches are effectively prevented from being split, the scions used in the method are part of the macadamia nut tree, and grafting is easy to heal. According to the method, the initiative of the tree body is fully exerted, the stress area of the branches is increased through mathematical and physical mechanics methods, and the fruit tree is prevented from yield reduction or death due to branch splitting. After one-time grafting, high yield can be effectively promoted by combining cultivation management technologies such as fruit tree pruning, and the production and operation cost is saved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a method for resisting macadamia nut branch splitting by horizontal branch grafting, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation and management. Background Art

[0002] Macadamia nuts (Macadamia spp.) are evergreen trees of the genus Macadamia in the family Proteaceae. Native to the coastal rainforests of southeastern Queensland and northeastern New South Wales, Australia, it is known as the "king of nuts". As the most important cash crop of the Proteaceae family, the earliest large-scale commercial cultivation of macadamia nuts appeared in Hawaii. At present, it is mainly planted in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou and Sichuan in China, among which Yunnan has the largest planting range and output. Macadamia kernels are rich in nutrients, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, palmitoleic acid POA, protein and vitamins, etc., and also have medical and health functions. Long-term consumption can protect the heart. Macadamia nuts are a new type of precious edible dried fruit and woody oil tree species with great development value.

[0003] Macadamia nuts are evergreen tall trees, 6 to 15 meters in height, with strong trunks, upright trunks, and sharp angles between main branches and branches, forming the bark branches in fruit tree cultivation (bark branches refer to branches formed due to small branch angles, strong apical dominance, and excessive growth. Such branches are prone to splitting or injury and gum flow at the branching point when the load is too large or when the branches are artificially supported and pulled, weakening the tree vigor). The bark is dark brown, the branches are low, the branches are round, and the lenticels are protruding. The fruiting part is in the inner bore of the tree and on the 1.5-2 year old fruiting branches. Macadamia nuts shoot all year round, with early spring and late summer being the peak season for branching. Flowers begin to bloom 3 years after planting, production begins 5 years later, and the fruiting period begins 12 years later. The grafted survival rate of young and adult trees is high.

[0004] Due to the biological characteristics of macadamia trees, such as upright trunks, outward movement of fruiting parts due to light, and bark-barked branches, the fruiting mother branches are prone to splitting in production. In order to promote high yields, there are two methods for macadamia nut anti-splitting: "A macadamia nut tree shaping device" includes a telescopic support sleeve, a sliding sleeve, a locking bolt, a first flexible fastening belt, a second flexible fastening belt, a mother lock buckle, and a child lock buckle, the purpose of which is to control the branch angle, prevent slippage, and stabilize the adjustment effect; "A planting method for macadamia nuts on a flat surface", first install a planting frame, determine the planting row according to the row spacing of 2*4 meters, set up columns on both sides of the planting row, and then connect them with steel wire to form a multi-layer grid. The method is to control the side branches and the main trunk on the same plane, reduce obstruction, ventilate and breathe, cultivate more fruiting branches, and at the same time combine early, medium and late maturing varieties to increase pollination rate and single plant yield. The above two methods both solve the problem of branch splitting by building materials from the outside of the tree body and adjusting the branch angle. They have certain results in actual production, but the disadvantage is that the investment and operation costs are high and the tree body's inherent initiative cannot be brought into play. The present invention "a method for grafting horizontal branches to resist the splitting of macadamia branches" takes advantage of the characteristics of the upright trunk of the macadamia tree and the small angle between the branches. At the angle between the branches, horizontal branches are grafted to form a triangular area. After the horizontal branches heal, they grow with the growth of the tree body, filling the triangular area, increasing the angle and widening the distribution area of ​​the angle. Specifically, the force-bearing area increases, the external force that can be borne changes, which is more conducive to dispersing external forces such as pressure and resisting the splitting of macadamia branches caused by increased biomass or wind. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the problem of splitting of forked branches of macadamia nuts, the present invention provides a method for cross-branch grafting to prevent splitting of macadamia nuts branches. The method is specifically as follows: first, a spike with a length of 10 cm to 20 cm is selected, and then two branches that need to be prevented from splitting are determined, and the position of the grafting port on the two branches is determined according to the length of the spike, and then the spike is grafted between the two branches by belly grafting, so that the spike and the two branches form a triangular structure, and during this period, the young shoots germinated on the spike are wiped off.

[0006] Preferably, the diameter of the spike is 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the average diameter of the two forked branches, and all leaves and buds on the branches are removed.

[0007] Preferably, the fringe cuttings are selected from the main body of the macadamia tree to be grafted, and lignified, pest-free and straight branches are selected as the fringe cuttings.

[0008] Preferably, the grafting point is located on the smooth surface of two bifurcated branches (that is, there is no knot at the grafting point).

[0009] Preferably, the grafting point is a wedge-shaped incision with an angle of 25° to 30°, and the grafting point reaches deep into the wood.

[0010] Preferably, both ends of the fringe are cut into double-sided wedges that fit the grafting interface.

[0011] Preferably, the grafting time is: February to March in spring, before the fruit trees unfold their leaves, avoiding rainy days and grafting on sunny days.

[0012] Preferably, the scion strips are grafted immediately after being picked, and the collected scion strips are left for no more than 1 hour.

[0013] Preferably, after the grafting is completed, the grafting port needs to be wrapped with tape (grafting film), on the one hand to maintain moist conditions, and on the other hand to prevent external moisture from entering the grafting port and causing contamination.

[0014] If the collected cuttings cannot be used up during the grafting process, wrap them with wet newspaper first and then with plastic wrap or plastic paper, and store them in a cool and dark place for ≤3 days.

[0015] Technical effects of the present invention:

[0016] (1) The problem of easy splitting of macadamia nut branches has been solved, and the resistance to tree splitting reaches more than 85%.

[0017] (2) Through horizontal branch grafting, the angle between branches increases, the force-bearing area of ​​the branches increases, the wind resistance and biomass carrying capacity increase, and the ability to resist splitting and lodging is enhanced.

[0018] (3) The fruit-bearing capacity of each green-skinned fruit plant is increased from 15kg-20kg to 30kg-40kg, and the stability of the tree is improved.

[0019] (4) Horizontal branch grafting saves fruit tree management costs, such as pruning and spraying.

[0020] (5) After the grafting, the spikelets of the present invention will grow into one with the two branches, will not cause harm to the tree, and will grow with the growth of the macadamia tree, without the need for repeated construction, thereby reducing the material and labor costs of building large supports for the tree and reducing production and management costs.

[0021] (6) Through horizontal branch grafting, the tree's ability to resist splitting is enhanced, the economic life of the fruit tree is extended, the sustainable operation of the orchard is ensured, and the economic benefits are improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of different macadamia tree shapes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the described contents.

[0024] Macadamia nuts have strong trunks, upright trunks, low branches, acute angles between main branches and side branches, and annual growth. Fruiting occurs in the inner part of the tree and on 1.5-2 year old fruiting branches. According to the growth characteristics of macadamia nuts, in order to increase yield, backbone branches (fruiting mother branches) are usually cultivated in layers on the main branches, and fruiting branches are cultivated on the fruiting mother branches. In actual production, the tree shapes include main trunk layered shape, dichotomous shape, and open heart shape. Before horizontal branch grafting, observe the tree shape first and graft according to the shape. Before grafting, remove overlapping branches, crossed branches, diseased branches, and weak branches from the fruiting mother branches of the tree.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The grafting object of this embodiment is a macadamia tree with a main trunk layered tree shape. Figure 1 As shown in C.

[0027] A method for cross-branch grafting to resist macadamia nut branch splitting comprises the following steps:

[0028] (1) Select grafting cuttings from the main body of the macadamia tree to be grafted. Select lignified, pest-free, straight branches as cuttings. The length of the cuttings should be between 10 cm and 20 cm, and the diameter of the cuttings should be 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the average diameter of the two forked branches.

[0029] (2) Determine the side branches that need to be prevented from splitting, and determine the position of the grafting point between the main branch and the side branch based on the length of the spike so that the spike, the main branch and the side branch form a triangular structure.

[0030] (3) Treatment of the grafting site and fringe strips: The grafting site is cut into a wedge-shaped incision (similar to the incision of "<") with an angle of 25° to 30°, and the incision reaches deep into the wood; both ends of the fringe strips are cut into a wedge shape that fits the grafting site.

[0031] (4) Insert the tip of the grafting knife into the grafting joint to pick up the woody part, and then insert the wedge-shaped cut surface of the scion into the grafting joint horizontally. Use the same method to insert the other end of the scion into the grafting joint horizontally. After the grafting is completed, first wrap the joint with 3 to 4 circles of electrical tape to tighten it, and then wrap the joint and the edge 5 cm to 10 cm with grafting film to prevent water leakage. The electrical tape wraps the joint more tightly. The grafting film wrapping is used to maintain the humidity of the rootstock and scion, because the formation of healing tissue requires certain moist conditions, and secondly to prevent external moisture from entering the grafting joint and infecting the wound.

[0032] (5) After the grafting is completed, healing tissue will form at the grafting site in 20 to 30 days. The grafting film will be loosened after 70 to 80 days, and the young shoots sprouting on the scion will be wiped off during this period.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] In this embodiment, the grafted object is a happy-open-heart-shaped macadamia tree. Figure 1As shown in B and 1D.

[0035] A method for cross-branch grafting to resist macadamia nut branch splitting comprises the following steps:

[0036] (1) Select grafting cuttings from the main body of the macadamia tree to be grafted. Select lignified, pest-free, straight branches as cuttings. The length of the cuttings should be between 10 cm and 20 cm, and the diameter of the cuttings should be 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the average diameter of the two forked branches.

[0037] (2) Determine the two fruiting mother branches that need to be prevented from splitting, and determine the position of the grafting point according to the length of the fringe, so that the fringe and the two fruiting mother branches form a triangular structure.

[0038] (3) Treatment of the grafting site and fringe strips: The grafting site is cut into a 25° to 30° incision, with the incision reaching deep into the wood; both ends of the fringe strips are cut into a wedge shape that fits the grafting site.

[0039] (4) Insert the tip of the grafting knife into the grafting joint to pick up the woody part, and then insert the wedge-shaped cut surface of the scion into the grafting joint horizontally. Use the same method to insert the other end of the scion into the grafting joint horizontally. After the grafting is completed, first wrap the joint with 3 to 4 circles of electrical tape to tighten it, and then wrap the joint and the surrounding 5 cm to 10 cm with grafting film to prevent water leakage. The electrical tape wraps the joint more tightly. The grafting film wrapping is used to maintain the humidity of the rootstock and scion, because the formation of healing tissue requires certain moist conditions, and secondly to prevent external moisture from entering the grafting joint and infecting the wound.

[0040] (5) After the grafting is completed, healing tissue will form at the grafting site in 20 to 30 days. The grafting film will be loosened after 70 to 80 days, and the young shoots sprouting on the scion will be wiped off during this period.

[0041] Example 3

[0042] In this embodiment, the grafting object is a binary tree, and the binary tree-shaped macadamia tree is as follows: Figure 1 As shown in A.

[0043] A method for cross-branch grafting to resist macadamia nut branch splitting comprises the following steps:

[0044] (1) Select grafting cuttings from the main body of the macadamia tree to be grafted. Select lignified, pest-free, straight branches as cuttings. The length of the cuttings should be between 10 cm and 20 cm, and the diameter of the cuttings should be 1 / 5 to 1 / 4 of the average diameter of the two forked branches.

[0045] (2) Determine the two fruiting mother branches that need to be prevented from splitting, and determine the position of the grafting point according to the length of the fringe, so that the fringe and the two fruiting mother branches form a triangular structure.

[0046] (3) Treatment of the grafting site and fringe strips: The grafting site is cut into a 25° to 30° incision, with the incision reaching deep into the wood; both ends of the fringe strips are cut into a wedge shape that fits the grafting site.

[0047] (4) Insert the tip of the grafting knife into the grafting joint to pick up the woody part, and then insert the wedge-shaped cut surface of the scion into the grafting joint horizontally. Use the same method to insert the other end of the scion into the grafting joint horizontally. After the grafting is completed, first wrap the joint with 3 to 4 circles of electrical tape to tighten it, and then wrap the joint and the surrounding 5 cm to 10 cm with grafting film to prevent water leakage. The electrical tape wraps the joint more tightly. The grafting film wrapping is used to maintain the humidity of the rootstock and scion, because the formation of healing tissue requires certain moist conditions, and secondly to prevent external moisture from entering the grafting joint and infecting the wound.

[0048] (5) After the grafting is completed, healing tissue will form at the grafting site in 20 to 30 days. The grafting film will be loosened after 70 to 80 days, and the young shoots sprouting on the scion will be wiped off during this period.

[0049] According to statistics, after grafting using the method described in the present invention, the fruit-bearing capacity of each green-skinned fruit plant is increased from 15kg-20kg to 30kg-40kg, and the resistance to tree splitting reaches more than 85%.

Claims

1. A method for preventing macadamia nut branches from splitting by horizontal branch grafting, characterized in that: The method is specifically as follows: firstly, select spikelets with a length of 10 cm to 20 cm, then determine two branches that need to be prevented from splitting, determine the position of the grafting point on the two branches according to the length of the spikelet, and then use the belly grafting method to graft the spikelet between the two branches that need to be prevented from splitting, so that the spikelet and the two branches form a triangular structure, and during this period, wipe off the young buds sprouting on the spikelet.

2. The method for preventing macadamia nut branches from splitting by horizontal branch grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The diameter of the spike is 1 / 4 to 1 / 5 of the average diameter of the two forked branches, and all leaves and buds on the spike are removed.

3. The method for preventing macadamia nut branches from splitting by horizontal branch grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: Spikes are selected from the main body of the macadamia nut tree to be grafted, and lignified, pest-free and straight branches are selected as the fringe cuttings.

4. The method for preventing macadamia nut branches from splitting by horizontal branch grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grafting point is chosen on the smooth surface of the two forked branches.

5. The method for preventing macadamia nut branches from splitting by horizontal branch grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grafting point is a wedge-shaped incision of 25° to 30°, and the grafting point reaches deep into the wood.

6. The method for preventing macadamia nut branch splitting by cross-branch grafting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The two ends of the fringe are cut into double-sided wedges that fit the grafting interface.

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