Cultivation method of pleurotus eryngii

Abstract

According to the cultivation method of the pleurotus eryngii, provided by the invention, renewable agricultural wastes such as the red corncobs, the yeast residues and the pennisetum sinese are introduced into the cultivation substrate, so that the resource utilization rate is increased, the waste pollution is reduced, the problem of insufficient raw material supply can be solved, the nutrient requirements of the pleurotus eryngii are optimized, and the production cost is reduced. The invention further provides a cultivation method of the multi-shape pleurotus eryngii, the cultivation method is low in cost and easy to popularize, accurate constraint is provided for the growth direction of the pleurotus eryngii through molds of different shapes, the growth conditions of the pleurotus eryngii are optimized through accurate adjustment of temperature, humidity, airflow and illumination, the growth rate and quality of pleurotus eryngii bodies are remarkably improved, and the cultivation method is suitable for large-scale popularization. According to the method, shape customization cultivation of the pleurotus eryngii bodies is achieved, the method is easy to operate and can be easily achieved even by ordinary mushroom farmers, the market value of the pleurotus eryngii can be improved, the market competitiveness of products is improved, and the pleurotus eryngii industry is promoted to develop towards the high value-added direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of edible fungus cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii. Background Art

[0002] Pleurotus eryngii is an edible fungus with high economic and nutritional value. It is widely used in food processing and household consumption because of its fresh taste and rich nutrition. Although Pleurotus eryngii is rich in nutritional value and has a high price, its cultivation method is not mature. In the prior art, cassava residue, bagasse, soybean meal, bran, miscellaneous sawdust, cottonseed hulls, corn flour, etc. are often used as Pleurotus eryngii cultivation substrates, but high-quality soybean meal, miscellaneous sawdust and cottonseed hulls lead to high costs, and cottonseed hulls have strong water absorption, but if the water management is improper, it is easy to cause the substrate to be too wet, and bran is easy to breed miscellaneous bacteria in a high temperature and high humidity environment, increasing the risk of pollution. For some places, there is still a problem of insufficient supply of cultivation substrate raw materials. Therefore, it is very important to provide a cultivation substrate that provides all the nutrients required for the growth of Pleurotus eryngii, has good air permeability, is easy to manage water, has low pollution risk and low cost for the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii.

[0003] In addition, in the commercial production of Pleurotus eryngii, the traditional cultivation method usually adopts three-dimensional cultivation, which lacks the ability to dynamically adjust the shape of the culture medium, air circulation, humidity gradient, etc., and it is difficult to accurately control the development conditions of the morphology of Pleurotus eryngii according to needs. The shape of the mushroom body produced is mainly a single columnar or umbrella-shaped. Although the singleness of this shape is convenient for market circulation, in specific consumer scenarios or high-end food processing, consumers have an increasing demand for Pleurotus eryngii with diversified forms. However, personalized cultivation devices will increase production costs, have a greater impact on production efficiency, and are difficult to promote on a large scale. Moreover, shape-inducing molds are currently mostly used to shape fruits, and there are no cases of using them for edible fungi. In order to meet the market demand for Pleurotus eryngii with multiple shapes, a cultivation method that can flexibly control the shape of Pleurotus eryngii is developed, which can not only increase the added value of Pleurotus eryngii, but also promote the technological upgrading of the Pleurotus eryngii industry. Summary of the invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii in view of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art, which provides sufficient nutrients for Pleurotus eryngii by optimizing the cultivation substrate formula, solves the problem of insufficient raw material supply, and reduces production costs. In addition, the cultivation of Pleurotus eryngii with various shapes is also carried out, which meets the personalized needs of consumers for Pleurotus eryngii with various shapes, and can provide more innovative products for the high-end market.

[0005] In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a cultivation matrix for Pleurotus eryngii, wherein the cultivation matrix is ​​composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% to 40% red corn cobs, 0 to 28% giant fungus grass, 0 to 28% sawdust, 0 to 20% wheat bran, 10% corn flour, 0 to 10% soybean meal, 0 to 10% yeast residue, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime.

[0006] Preferably, the red corn cobs are obtained by crushing the red corn cobs and then passing them through a 5-mesh sieve, and the giant fungus grass is obtained by cutting the giant fungus grass dry material into 1.2-1.5 cm sizes.

[0007] The present invention also provides a method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii using the cultivation substrate, the method comprising the following steps: S1. Mix the raw materials of the cultivation substrate according to the mass percentage, add water and stir until the water content reaches 60-65%, and then put them into a polyethylene bag; S2. Place the fungus bag in an environment with a temperature of 115-121°C for sterilization for 2-3 hours. After it is completely cooled to 10-15°C, prepare for inoculation. S3. Inoculate the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii. After the mycelium is completely colonized, place it in an environment with a temperature of 13.5℃ 3 days later. Low temperature stimulation will induce mushroom production. The mushroom buds will relax appropriately. Adjust the temperature in the culture room to 15.5℃~16.5℃, maintain the humidity at 75%~85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 400~1000ppm. Increase ventilation as the fruiting body grows to ensure that the CO2 concentration is not higher than 1500ppm. Expose it to red light for 6 hours a day and pick the Pleurotus eryngii when it is mature.

[0008] Preferably, the present invention can also use shape-inducing molds to cultivate Pleurotus eryngii of different shapes. The shape-inducing molds include gourd-shaped, heart-shaped, money-giving boy-shaped or other irregular shapes. When used, holes need to be opened at the bottom and both sides of the mold as needed.

[0009] The method of cultivating Pleurotus eryngii of different shapes by using shape induction mold is as follows: S1. Mix the raw materials of the cultivation substrate according to the mass percentage, add water and stir until the water content reaches 55-60%, and then put them into a polyethylene bag; S2. Place the fungus bag in an environment with a temperature of 115-121°C for sterilization for 2-3 hours. After it is completely cooled to 10-15°C, prepare for inoculation. S3. Inoculate the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii. After the mycelium is completely colonized, place it in an environment with a temperature of 13.5℃ after 3 days. Low temperature stimulation induces mushroom production. The mushroom buds are appropriately relaxed. Cover the mold within the range of primordium formation and place it in an environment with a temperature of 15.5℃~16.5℃. Ensure that the humidity is 90~95% in the first 1-2 days, and then reduce the humidity to 70~80%. Maintain the carbon dioxide concentration at 500~1500ppm. Increase ventilation as the fruiting body grows to ensure that the carbon dioxide concentration is not higher than 1600ppm. Irradiate with red light for 6 hours a day to promote the growth of the stipe and prevent the cap from increasing. The mold can be removed after 10 days of cultivation. The Pleurotus eryngii is harvested immediately when it is full of molds to prevent the fruiting body from shrinking and affecting the shape.

[0010] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant technical effects: 1. The present invention provides a method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii, which introduces renewable agricultural wastes such as red corn cobs, yeast residues, and giant fungus grass into the cultivation medium, thereby improving resource utilization, reducing waste pollution, meeting the problem of insufficient raw material supply, and achieving the goal of energy conservation and emission reduction, optimizing the nutrient requirements of Pleurotus eryngii, and reducing production costs.

[0011] 2. Pleurotus eryngii is a kind of edible fungus with strong plasticity. Cultivating Pleurotus eryngii into various shapes can increase the market demand for edible fungi. Based on this, the present invention provides a low-cost and easy-to-promote method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii with multiple shapes. The use of molds of different shapes (heart-shaped, gourd-shaped, and money-giving boy-shaped) can provide precise constraints on the growth direction of Pleurotus eryngii. Through the precise adjustment of temperature, humidity, airflow and light, the growth conditions of Pleurotus eryngii are optimized, the growth rate and quality of the mushroom body are significantly improved, and the morphological customization of the mushroom body is realized, which makes up for the directional cultivation of edible fungi. This method solves the problems of single mushroom body morphology and insufficient environmental regulation ability in traditional technology, promotes the upgrading of Pleurotus eryngii cultivation technology, sets a new standard for the industry, and is simple to operate. Even ordinary mushroom farmers can easily implement it, which helps to improve the market value of Pleurotus eryngii, enhance the market competitiveness of products, and promote the development of the Pleurotus eryngii industry in the direction of high added value, providing consumers with diversified choices, and greatly improving consumer satisfaction and willingness to buy.

[0012] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0013] Example 1 The present embodiment is a method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii, wherein the cultivation medium is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% red corn cobs, 28% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 10% corn flour, 10% soybean meal, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime, the red corn cobs are crushed and passed through a 5-mesh sieve, and the giant fungus grass dry material is cut into small pieces of 1.2-1.5 cm.

[0014] The cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1. Mix the raw materials of the cultivation matrix according to the mass percentage, add water and stir until the water content reaches 60%, and then put them into a polyethylene bag; S2. Place the fungus bag in an environment with a temperature of 115°C for sterilization for 3 hours. After it is completely cooled to 10°C, prepare for inoculation; S3. Inoculate the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii. After the mycelium is completely colonized, place it in an environment with a temperature of 13.5℃ for 3 days to induce mushroom production. When the mushroom buds grow to about 3 cm, relax the buds and leave 2-3 strong fruiting bodies. Adjust the temperature in the culture room to 15.5℃, maintain the humidity at 75%~80%, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 400~600ppm. Increase ventilation as the fruiting bodies grow to ensure that the CO2 concentration is not higher than 1500ppm to prevent the mushroom body from deforming and not growing the cap or the mushroom body from stopping growing. Expose it to red light for 6 hours every day. After 8 days, the Pleurotus eryngii can be picked when it is mature.

[0015] Example 2 The present embodiment is a method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii, wherein the cultivation medium is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% red corn cobs, 28% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 10% corn flour, 10% yeast residue, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime, the red corn cobs are crushed and passed through a 5-mesh sieve, and the giant fungus grass dry material is cut into small pieces of 1.2-1.5 cm.

[0016] The cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1. Mix the raw materials of the cultivation matrix according to the mass percentage, add water and stir until the water content reaches 62%, and then put them into a polyethylene bag; S2. Place the fungus bag in an environment with a temperature of 118°C for sterilization for 2 hours. After it is completely cooled to 15°C, prepare for inoculation; S3. Inoculate the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii. After the mycelium is completely colonized, place it in an environment with a temperature of 13.5℃ for 3 days to induce mushroom production. When the mushroom buds grow to about 3 cm, relax the buds and leave 2-3 strong fruiting bodies. Adjust the temperature in the culture room to 16℃, maintain the humidity at 80%~85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 700~1000ppm. Increase ventilation as the fruiting bodies grow to ensure that the CO2 concentration is not higher than 1500ppm to prevent the mushroom body from deforming and not growing the cap or the mushroom body from stopping growing. Irradiate with red light for 6 hours every day. After 10 days, the Pleurotus eryngii can be picked when it is mature.

[0017] Example 3 The present embodiment is a method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii, wherein the cultivation medium is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 30% red corn cobs, 28% giant fungus grass, 20% wheat bran, 10% corn flour, 10% yeast residue, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime. The red corn cobs are crushed and passed through a 5-mesh sieve, and the giant fungus grass dry material is cut into small pieces of 1.2-1.5 cm.

[0018] The cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1. Mix the raw materials of the cultivation matrix according to the mass percentage, add water and stir until the water content reaches 65%, and then put them into a polyethylene bag; S2. Place the fungus bag in an environment with a temperature of 121°C for sterilization for 2 hours. After it is completely cooled to 15°C, prepare for inoculation; S3. Inoculate the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii. After the mycelium is completely colonized, place it in an environment with a temperature of 13.5℃ for 3 days to induce mushroom production. When the mushroom buds grow to about 3 cm, relax the buds and leave 2-3 strong fruiting bodies. Adjust the temperature in the culture room to 16.5℃, maintain the humidity at 75%~85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 500~800ppm. Increase ventilation as the fruiting bodies grow to ensure that the CO2 concentration is not higher than 1500ppm to prevent the mushroom body from deforming and not growing the cap or the mushroom body from stopping growing. Irradiate with red light for 6 hours every day. After 9 days, the Pleurotus eryngii can be picked when it is mature.

[0019] Example 4 This embodiment is a method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii, using a gourd-shaped mold (100 mm long and 40-50 mm in diameter) for shape induction. The cultivation medium is composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: 40% red corn cobs, 18% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 10% corn flour, 10% yeast residue, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime, the red corn cobs are crushed and passed through a 5-mesh sieve, and the giant fungus grass dry material is cut into small pieces of 1.2-1.5 cm.

[0020] The cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1. Mix the raw materials of the cultivation matrix according to the mass percentage, add water and stir until the water content reaches 55%, and then put them into a polyethylene bag; S2. Place the fungus bag in an environment with a temperature of 115°C for sterilization for 3 hours. After it is completely cooled to 10°C, prepare for inoculation; S3. Inoculate Pleurotus eryngii hyphae. After the hyphae are completely colonized, place them in an environment with a temperature of 13.5℃ for 3 days to induce fruiting by low temperature stimulation. Leave a 40mm hole at the bottom of a gourd-shaped mold (100mm long, 40-50mm in diameter), open small round holes with a diameter of 3mm on the side of the mold (4 rows in total, 8 holes in each row), and keep a round hole with a diameter of 20mm on the top. When the mushroom buds grow to about 3 cm, they will be opened to leave 2-3 strong fruiting bodies. The mold will be covered within the range of the primordium formation. One mold will be covered with one mushroom bag and placed in an environment with a temperature of 15.5℃. The humidity will be maintained at 90-95% in the first 1-2 days, and then the humidity will be reduced to 70-80%. The carbon dioxide concentration will be maintained at 500-800ppm. With the growth of the fruiting bodies, ventilation will be increased to ensure that the carbon dioxide concentration is not higher than 1600ppm. Red light will be irradiated for 6 hours every day to promote the growth of the stipe and prevent the increase of the cap. After 10 days of cultivation, when the fruiting body grows to the top of the mold, the mold will be removed. The Pleurotus eryngii will be harvested immediately when it fills the mold to prevent the fruiting body from shrinking and affecting the shape.

[0021] Example 5 This embodiment is a method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii, using a long heart-shaped mold (130 mm long and 40-50 mm wide) for shape induction. The cultivation medium is composed of the following raw materials in mass percentage: 40% red corn cobs, 18% giant fungus grass, 20% wheat bran, 10% corn flour, 10% yeast residue, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime. The red corn cobs are crushed and passed through a 5-mesh sieve, and the giant fungus grass dry material is cut into small pieces of 1.2-1.5 cm.

[0022] The cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1. Mix the raw materials of the cultivation matrix according to the mass percentage, add water and stir until the water content reaches 58%, and then put them into a polyethylene bag; S2. Place the fungus bag in an environment with a temperature of 120°C for sterilization for 2 hours. After it is completely cooled to 10°C, prepare for inoculation; S3. Inoculate Pleurotus eryngii hyphae. After the hyphae are completely colonized, place them in an environment with a temperature of 13.5℃ for 3 days to induce mushroom production through low temperature stimulation. Leave a 30mm hole at the bottom of a long heart-shaped mold (130mm long, 40-50mm wide), open small round holes with a diameter of 2mm on the side of the mold (3 rows in total, 10 holes in each row), and keep a round hole with a diameter of 20mm on the top. When the mushroom buds grow to about 3 cm, they will be opened to leave 2-3 strong fruiting bodies. The mold will be covered within the range of the primordium formation. One mold will be covered with one mushroom bag and placed in an environment with a temperature of 16°C. The humidity will be maintained at 90-95% in the first 1-2 days, and then the humidity will be reduced to 70-80%. The carbon dioxide concentration will be maintained at 1000-1500ppm. With the growth of the fruiting bodies, ventilation will be increased to ensure that the carbon dioxide concentration is not higher than 1600ppm. Red light will be irradiated for 6 hours every day to promote the growth of the stipe and prevent the increase of the cap. After 10 days of cultivation, when the fruiting body grows to the top of the mold, the mold will be removed. The Pleurotus eryngii will be harvested immediately when it fills the mold to prevent the fruiting body from shrinking and affecting the shape.

[0023] Example 6 This embodiment is a method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii, using a fortune-giving boy-shaped mold (100 mm long and 40-50 mm in diameter) for shape induction. The cultivation medium is composed of the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 40% red corn cobs, 18% giant fungus grass, 20% red corn cob sieves, 10% corn flour, 10% yeast residue, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime, the red corn cobs are crushed and passed through a 5-mesh sieve, and the remaining material after sieving is the red corn cob sieves, and the giant fungus grass dry material is cut into small pieces of 1.2-1.5 cm.

[0024] The cultivation method comprises the following steps: S1. Mix the raw materials of the cultivation matrix according to the mass percentage, add water and stir until the water content reaches 60%, and then put them into a polyethylene bag; S2. Place the fungus bag in an environment with a temperature of 121°C for sterilization for 2 hours. After it is completely cooled to 15°C, prepare for inoculation; S3. Inoculate Pleurotus eryngii hyphae, and after the hyphae are completely colonized, place in an environment with a temperature of 13.5℃ for 3 days to induce mushroom production through low temperature stimulation. Leave a 40mm hole at the bottom of the Send Money Boy mold (100mm long, 40-50mm in diameter), open small round holes with a diameter of 3mm on the side of the mold (4 rows in total, 7 holes in each row), and keep a round hole with a diameter of 20mm on the top. When the mushroom buds grow to about 3 cm, they will be opened to leave 2-3 strong fruiting bodies. Cover the mold within the range of the primordium formation. One mold is covered with one mushroom bag and placed in an environment with a temperature of 16.5℃. The humidity should be maintained at 90-95% in the first 1-2 days, and then the humidity will be reduced to 70-80%. The carbon dioxide concentration should be maintained at 600-1000ppm. With the growth of the fruiting bodies, ventilation should be increased to ensure that the carbon dioxide concentration is not higher than 1600ppm. Red light should be irradiated for 6 hours every day to promote the growth of the stipe and prevent the increase of the cap. After 10 days of cultivation, when the fruiting body grows to the top of the mold, the mold should be removed. When the Pleurotus eryngii is full of the mold, it should be harvested immediately to prevent the fruiting body from shrinking and affecting the shape.

[0025] The present invention can cultivate Pleurotus eryngii in various shapes, such as heart-shaped, gourd-shaped, and money-giving boy-shaped, to meet the needs of different consumption scenarios, such as high-end catering decoration, home cooking, and food processing markets. It can also achieve customized production, making Pleurotus eryngii products more competitive in the market and greatly improving their added value.

[0026] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modification, change and equivalent change made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the invention still falls within the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cultivation medium for Pleurotus eryngii, characterized in that: The invention is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 30%-40% red corn cobs, 0-28% giant fungus grass, 0-28% sawdust, 0-20% wheat bran, 10% corn flour, 0-10% soybean meal, 0-10% yeast residue, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime.

2. The cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that The product is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 30% red corn cobs, 28% wood chips, 20% wheat bran, 10% corn flour, 10% soybean meal, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime.

3. The cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 30% red corn cobs, 28% sawdust, 20% wheat bran, 10% corn flour, 10% yeast residue, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime.

4. The cultivation medium according to claim 1, characterized in that The invention is composed of the following raw materials in the following mass percentages: 30% red corn cobs, 28% giant fungus grass, 20% wheat bran, 10% corn flour, 10% yeast residue, 1% light calcium carbonate and 1% lime.

5. The cultivation substrate according to claim 1, characterized in that The red corn cobs are obtained by crushing the red corn cobs and then passing them through a 5-mesh sieve, and the giant fungus grass is obtained by cutting the giant fungus grass dry material into 1.2-1.5 cm sizes.

6. A method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii using the cultivation medium according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1. Mix the raw materials of the cultivation substrate according to the mass percentage, add water and stir until the water content reaches 60-65%, and then put them into a polyethylene bag; S2. Place the fungus bag in an environment with a temperature of 115-121°C for sterilization for 2-3 hours. After it is completely cooled to 10-15°C, prepare for inoculation. S3. Inoculate the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii. After the mycelium is completely colonized, place it in an environment with a temperature of 13.5℃ 3 days later. Low temperature stimulation will induce mushroom production. The mushroom buds will relax appropriately. Adjust the temperature in the culture room to 15.5℃~16.5℃, maintain the humidity at 75%~85%, and the carbon dioxide concentration at 400~1000ppm. Increase ventilation as the fruiting body grows to ensure that the CO2 concentration is not higher than 1500ppm. Expose it to red light for 6 hours a day and pick the Pleurotus eryngii when it is mature.

7. The method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 6, characterized in that: A shape-inducing mold is used to cultivate Pleurotus eryngii of different shapes. The shape-inducing mold includes a gourd shape, a heart shape, a fortune-giving boy shape or other irregular shapes. When in use, holes need to be opened at the bottom and both sides of the mold as needed.

8. The method for cultivating Pleurotus eryngii according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method of cultivating Pleurotus eryngii of different shapes by using shape induction mold is as follows: S1. Mix the raw materials of the cultivation substrate according to the mass percentage, add water and stir until the water content reaches 55-60%, and then put them into a polyethylene bag; S2. Place the fungus bag in an environment with a temperature of 115-121°C for sterilization for 2-3 hours. After it is completely cooled to 10-15°C, prepare for inoculation. S3. Inoculate the mycelium of Pleurotus eryngii. After the mycelium is completely colonized, place it in an environment with a temperature of 13.5℃ after 3 days. Low temperature stimulation induces mushroom production. The mushroom buds are appropriately relaxed. Cover the mold within the range of primordium formation and place it in an environment with a temperature of 15.5℃~16.5℃. Ensure that the humidity is 90~95% in the first 1-2 days, and then reduce the humidity to 70~80%. Maintain the carbon dioxide concentration at 500~1500ppm. Increase ventilation as the fruiting body grows to ensure that the carbon dioxide concentration is not higher than 1600ppm. Irradiate with red light for 6 hours a day to promote the growth of the stipe and prevent the cap from increasing. The mold can be removed after 10 days of cultivation. The Pleurotus eryngii is harvested immediately when it is full of molds to prevent the fruiting body from shrinking and affecting the shape.