Planting method for reducing abnormal fruit rate of watermelons

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon planting, and particularly relates to a method for reducing the rate of malformed fruits, which comprises the following steps: A10, acquiring a wormcast soaking solution, and applying the wormcast soaking solution in a watermelon swelling period; and A20, performing field management, and harvesting after the watermelons are mature. When the wormcast soaking solution is applied in the watermelon swelling period, the malformed fruit rate of the watermelons can be reduced, compared with the situation that the wormcast soaking solution is not applied, the malformed fruit rate of the watermelons is reduced to 4.3% from 12.0% and is reduced by 7.7%, the malformed fruit rate of the watermelons is reduced, and economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of watermelon planting, and particularly relates to a planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits. Background Art

[0002] Watermelon is a member of the Cucurbitaceae family. It is generally spherical or oval in shape, and comes in dark green, light green, or with black-green stripes or patterns. The seeds are mostly black, oval in shape, with a pointed head, and the stems are thick with light yellow-brown soft hairs. The leaves are paper-like, triangular and oval in shape, with wavy edges.

[0003] Generally speaking, when the temperature is high in summer, photosynthesis is vigorous, organic matter accumulates a lot, and there is also the photoperiod phenomenon. The length of sunshine time has a significant impact on the quality of watermelon, and various chemical pesticides need to be sprayed during the cultivation process, which will greatly increase the risk of pesticide residues in watermelon. However, there is still a lot of blind fertilization in watermelon cultivation, such as improper fertilizer application and unreasonable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios. It is easy to produce deformed melons and cracked melons. It is hoped that a planting method that can reduce the rate of deformed fruit in watermelon can be studied to improve economic benefits. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of this, the present invention provides a planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits, so as to solve the problem in the prior art that improper fertilization during watermelon cultivation will affect the yield and quality of watermelon, and easily produce deformed and cracked watermelons. It is hoped that a planting method that can reduce the rate of deformed watermelon fruits and improve economic benefits can be studied.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following scheme:

[0006] A method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits comprises the following steps:

[0007] A10 obtain earthworm castings soaked in liquid, in the watermelon fruiting period, apply the earthworm castings soaked in liquid;

[0008] A20. Carry out field management and harvest the watermelons after they are ripe.

[0009] Preferably, the earthworm castings soaking liquid is prepared by the following method:

[0010] A11. Prepare vermicompost;

[0011] A12. Add water to the earthworm castings and soak for a predetermined period of time, stirring at irregular intervals during the soaking period;

[0012] A13. After soaking, precipitation is performed;

[0013] A14. Separate the precipitate to obtain the supernatant as the earthworm castings soaking liquid.

[0014] Preferably, the weight ratio of the earthworm castings to the clean water is 1:15 to 1:25.

[0015] Preferably, the predetermined duration is 72 hours to 108 hours.

[0016] Preferably, the ambient temperature during the soaking period is 30°C to 37°C.

[0017] Preferably, the step A10 further comprises: obtaining a weak acidic substance, mixing the weak acidic substance with the earthworm casting soaking liquid at a volume ratio of 1:10 to 1:15, and applying the mixture during the watermelon fruit swelling period.

[0018] Preferably, the weakly acidic substance is an acetic acid solution, and the concentration is 0.01 mol / L to 0.32 mol / L.

[0019] Preferably, the amount of the earthworm castings soaking liquid applied is 300m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 400m 3 ·hm -2 .

[0020] Preferably, the field management includes water and fertilizer management, which includes applying nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and water, and the nitrogen fertilizer application rate during the entire growth cycle is 140 kg·hm -2 Up to 160kg·hm -2 The potassium fertilizer application rate is 270 kg·hm -2 Up to 300kg·hm -2 The irrigation volume is 2000m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 2200m 3 ·hm -2 .

[0021] The technical solution adopted in this application can achieve the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The present application provides a planting method for reducing the rate of deformed fruit of watermelon. First, a vermicompost soaking liquid is obtained; when the watermelon seedlings grow to the fruit swelling stage, the vermicompost soaking liquid is applied; then, field management is performed, and the watermelon is harvested after it matures. Applying the vermicompost soaking liquid during the fruit swelling stage of the watermelon can reduce the rate of deformed fruit of the watermelon. Compared with not applying the vermicompost soaking liquid, the rate of deformed fruit of the watermelon is reduced from 12.0% to 4.3%, which is reduced by 7.7 percentage points, thereby reducing the rate of deformed fruit of the watermelon and improving economic benefits. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other. The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the following specific implementation methods.

[0024] A planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits comprises the following steps:

[0025] A10 obtain earthworm castings soaked in liquid, in the watermelon fruiting period, apply the earthworm castings soaked in liquid;

[0026] A20. Carry out field management and harvest the watermelons after they are ripe.

[0027] First, conventional technical means are used to cultivate watermelon seedlings in a greenhouse, and a suitable planting site is selected and processed, including plowing, ridge making, loosening the soil, irrigation, and applying base fertilizer.

[0028] Then, the earthworm castings soaking liquid is obtained and set aside.

[0029] Next, the watermelon seedlings that have grown to a certain extent (for example, growing to 4-5 true leaves) are transplanted to the treated planting site, and field management is carried out according to the management procedures for planting watermelons, including water and fertilizer management, vine management, pest control management, etc.

[0030] When the watermelon grows to the fruit swelling stage, the earthworm castings soaking liquid is applied to the soil. It should be noted that when applying the earthworm castings soaking liquid, no additional water and fertilizer are added.

[0031] After applying the earthworm castings soaking liquid during the fruit swelling period of watermelons, the watermelons are managed according to conventional field management methods until they are ripe, and then they are harvested.

[0032] Applying the earthworm castings soaking liquid during the watermelon fruit swelling period can reduce the deformed fruit rate of the watermelon. Compared with not applying the earthworm castings soaking liquid, the deformed fruit rate of the watermelon is reduced from 12.0% to 4.3%, a reduction of 7.7 percentage points.

[0033] Specifically, the earthworm castings soaking liquid is prepared by the following method:

[0034] A11. Prepare vermicompost;

[0035] A12. Add water to the earthworm castings and soak for a predetermined period of time, stirring at irregular intervals during the soaking period;

[0036] A13. After soaking, precipitation is performed;

[0037] A14. Separate the precipitate to obtain the supernatant as the earthworm castings soaking liquid.

[0038] Collect earthworm castings, place the collected earthworm castings in a container, add clean water into the container, soak the earthworm castings for 72 hours to 108 hours, and stir them from time to time during the soaking process.

[0039] After soaking, precipitation is carried out, and the precipitate is separated to obtain the earthworm castings soaking liquid, and the earthworm castings soaking liquid is applied during the fruit swelling period of watermelon to reduce the deformed fruit rate of watermelon and improve the economic benefit.

[0040] The weight ratio of the earthworm castings to the clean water is 1:15 to 1:25. When the earthworm castings soaking liquid is applied during the fruit swelling period of the watermelon, top dressing and irrigation are not required.

[0041] In some preferred embodiments, the ambient temperature during the soaking period is 30°C to 37°C.

[0042] Furthermore, the step A10 further includes: obtaining a weak acidic substance, mixing the weak acidic substance with the earthworm castings soaking liquid at a volume ratio of 1:10 to 1:15, and applying the mixture during the fruit expansion period of the watermelon. Applying the earthworm castings soaking liquid containing the weak acidic substance during the fruit expansion period of the watermelon can reduce the rate of deformed fruit of the watermelon.

[0043] Specifically, the weakly acidic substance is an acetic acid solution, and the concentration is 0.01 mol / L to 0.32 mol / L.

[0044] Preferably, the amount of the earthworm castings soaking liquid applied is 300m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 400m 3 ·hm -2 When the watermelon is in the fruit-swelling period, the amount of the worm manure soaking liquid and the weak acidic substance applied is 300m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 400m 3 ·hm -2 , and within this range, the ratio of the weakly acidic substance to the earthworm castings soaking liquid is 1:10 to 1:15.

[0045] The field management includes water and fertilizer management, which includes applying nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and water. The nitrogen fertilizer application rate during the entire growth cycle of watermelon is 140 kg·hm -2 Up to 160kg·hm -2 The potassium fertilizer application rate is 270 kg·hm -2 Up to 300kg·hm -2 The irrigation volume is 2000m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 2200m 3 ·hm -2 .

[0046] The following specific test examples are used to further illustrate the technical solutions and technical effects of the present invention. It should be noted that the following test examples are only for further explaining the present invention and do not limit the technical solutions of the present invention.

[0047] 1.1 Test materials

[0048] This experiment selected the early-maturing watermelon variety "Ningmei No. 2", which was bred by the Horticulture Research Institute of the Ningxia Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences.

[0049] 1.2 Test methods

[0050] The experiment was carried out from March 2021 to June 2022. The test area is located in Gaozha Town, Litong District, Wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (37°86′82″N, 106°19′67″E), with an altitude of 1132m, an average annual rainfall of about 193mm, and an average annual evaporation of about 2014mm. It belongs to the temperate continental semi-arid climate. The local soil type is typical gray-calcium soil, with a soil pH of 8.14 and an organic matter content of 17.15g·kg -1 , total salt 0.98g·kg -1 、Total nitrogen 0.92g·kg -1 , total phosphorus 0.95g·kg -1 , total potassium 21.12g·kg -1 , hydrolyzed nitrogen 67.60 mg kg -1 , Available phosphorus 39.04 mg kg -1 , fast-acting potassium 172.12 mg kg -1 .

[0051] During the growth process of watermelon, the period from planting to the unfolding of 5 true leaves and the period when the seedling height is 10cm to 13cm is recorded as the seedling stage; the period from the clustering of watermelons to the flowering of the second female flower on the main vine is recorded as the vine extension stage; the period from flowering and pollination to the initial formation of fruit is recorded as the flowering and fruiting stage; the period from "hair removal" to "fixed size" of watermelon fruits is recorded as the fruit swelling stage; the period from the end of the fruit swelling stage to the period when the skin is bright, the flesh is bright red, and the sugar content is sufficient is recorded as the maturity stage.

[0052] Specifically, the photosynthesis meter YT-TH01 can be used to measure the photosynthesis of watermelons during the seedling stage, vine extension stage, flowering and fruit setting stage, fruit swelling stage and maturity stage, and the chlorophyll meter IN-YL01 can be used to measure its chlorophyll content and record the specific time required for its different growth stages.

[0053] Determination of watermelon deformity:

[0054] 1. Appearance: The appearance of deformed watermelons is usually significantly different from that of normal watermelons. For example, the pointed-mouthed watermelon has a thinner pedicel and a swollen stalk; the gourd-shaped (big-bellied) watermelon has a swollen top near the pedicel and a thinner stalk, giving it a gourd shape; the flat watermelon has a larger horizontal diameter than its vertical diameter, giving it a flat shape; the skewed-headed watermelon has one side of the fruit fully swollen and the other side underdeveloped;

[0055] 2. Internal structure: The internal structure of a deformed watermelon may also be abnormal. For example, the internal characteristics of a flat watermelon are that the rind becomes thicker, the flesh becomes hollow, and there is more fiber;

[0056] 3. Growth conditions: The occurrence of deformed watermelons is closely related to growth conditions. Adverse climatic conditions and improper cultivation techniques are the main reasons. For example, low temperature, dryness, insufficient or excessive fertilizer and water, uneven pollination, mechanical damage, etc. may all lead to the formation of deformed fruits.

[0057] In this experiment, three parallel tests were set up for each test case, and the area of ​​each parallel test was 666.66m 2 (one acre), take the average value.

[0058] Four square areas of 4m×4m were randomly selected from each acre of land, and the total number of watermelons (the total number of watermelons in the four square areas) and the total number of deformed fruits (the total number of deformed fruits in the four square areas) in each parallel test were counted. The average total number of watermelons and the total number of deformed fruits of the three groups of parallel tests of each test case were calculated, and the deformed fruit rate of watermelons was calculated (the average value of the three groups of parallel tests), and the deformed fruit rate of watermelons = (total number of deformed fruits / total number of watermelons) *%, as shown in Table 1 for details.

[0059] Comparative Example 1

[0060] Seedling cultivation began in late February 2021, and the planting site was treated in the greenhouse in early March. The ground was plowed to a depth of 35 cm, and 6 kg of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 kg of potassium fertilizer, and 15 kg of phosphorus fertilizer were buried in the soil as base fertilizer, and water was applied appropriately.

[0061] On March 20, 2021, the watermelon seedlings were transplanted to the planting site, and field management was carried out according to the normal growth procedures of watermelons, including topdressing and irrigation during the seedling stage, vine extension stage, flowering and fruiting stage, and fruit expansion stage. Nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were used as topdressing. In the seedling stage, the nitrogen application rate was 2kg, the potassium application rate was 1kg, and the irrigation rate was 30m3; in the vine extension stage, the nitrogen application rate was 4kg, the potassium application rate was 2kg, and the irrigation rate was 50m3. 3 ; Flowering and fruiting period: nitrogen application rate is 8kg, potassium application rate is 15kg, irrigation rate is 30m 3 During the fruit expansion period: 4 kg nitrogen, 15 kg potassium, and 50 m3 of irrigation water. 3 .

[0062] The deformed fruit rate of watermelons was recorded, and the watermelons were harvested and counted, as shown in Table 1.

[0063] Test Example 1

[0064] Same as comparative example 1, except that 23m 3 / mu of earthworm castings soaked in liquid, and no top dressing or irrigation is required during the seedling stage.

[0065] The method of preparing the earthworm castings soaking liquid comprises preparing earthworm castings; adding clean water to the earthworm castings and stirring the earthworm castings, wherein the ratio of the earthworm castings to clean water is 1:25; soaking the earthworm castings in an environment at a temperature of 35° C. for 90 hours; and performing precipitation after the soaking, separating the precipitate, and obtaining the supernatant as the earthworm castings soaking liquid.

[0066] The deformed fruit rate of watermelons was recorded, and the watermelons were harvested and counted, as shown in Table 1.

[0067] Test Example 2

[0068] Same as Example 1, except that 23m 3 / mu of earthworm castings soaked in liquid, and no additional fertilizer or watering is required during the vine extension period.

[0069] Test Example 3:

[0070] Same as test example 1, except that 23m 3 / mu of earthworm castings soaked in liquid, and no additional fertilizer or watering is required during flowering and fruit setting.

[0071] Test example 4:

[0072] Same as test example 1, except that 23m 3 / mu of earthworm manure soaked liquid, and no additional fertilizer or watering is required during the fruit swelling period.

[0073] Table 1 Statistics of watermelon deformed fruit rate in comparative example 1, test examples 1 to 4

[0074]

[0075] It can be seen from comparative example 1 that when watermelons are normally planted, the deformed fruit rate of watermelons is 12.0%, and there is basically no effect on the deformed fruit rate of watermelons.

[0076] In Test Example 1, vermicompost was applied during the seedling stage of watermelon, and the deformed fruit rate of watermelon was 11.6%, which was reduced by 0.4 percentage points compared with Comparative Example 1; in Test Example 2, vermicompost was applied during the vine extension stage of watermelon, and the deformed fruit rate of watermelon was 11.1%, which was reduced by 0.9 percentage points compared with Comparative Example 1; in Test Example 3, vermicompost was applied during the flowering and fruiting stage, and the deformed fruit rate of watermelon was 10.5%, which was reduced by 1.5 percentage points compared with Comparative Example 1; in Test Example 4, vermicompost was applied during the fruit expansion stage, and the deformed fruit rate of watermelon was 6.4%, which was reduced by 5.6 percentage points compared with Comparative Example 1; It can be seen from the above comparative examples and test examples that applying vermicompost during the fruit expansion stage of watermelon has a greater impact on the deformed fruit rate of watermelon, and by applying vermicompost during the fruit expansion stage of watermelon, the deformed fruit rate of watermelon is reduced, and the economic benefit is improved.

[0077] Test Example 5

[0078] Same as Example 4, except that when the watermelon grows to the fruit-swelling stage, the amount of earthworm castings soaked in water is 20 ml. 3 / mu.

[0079] Test Example 6

[0080] Same as Example 4, except that when the watermelon grows to the fruit-swelling stage, the amount of earthworm castings soaked in water is 26 ml. 3 / mu.

[0081] The deformed fruit rate of watermelons was recorded, and the watermelons were harvested and counted, as shown in Table 2.

[0082] Table 2 Statistics of watermelon deformed fruit rate in Experimental Examples 5 and 6

[0083]

[0084] It can be seen from Experimental Examples 5 and 6 that when different amounts of earthworm castings soaking liquid are applied during the fruit-swelling period of watermelons, there is basically no effect on the deformed fruit rate of watermelons compared with Experimental Example 4. 3 / mu of earthworm castings soaked in liquid, the deformed fruit rate of watermelon was 6.4%. In Experiment 5, 20m 3 / mu of earthworm manure soaking liquid, the deformed fruit rate of watermelon was 6.2%. Compared with Experiment 4, the deformed fruit rate of watermelon in Experiment 5 was reduced by 0.2 percentage points; in Experiment 6, 26m 3 / mu of earthworm manure soaked liquid, the deformed fruit rate of watermelon was 6.0%, and the deformed fruit rate of watermelon was reduced by 0.4 percentage points.

[0085] Test Example 7

[0086] The same as Experimental Example 4, except that the earthworm castings soaking liquid in Experimental Example 4 is replaced by a mixture of 1% acetic acid solution and earthworm castings soaking liquid, and the ratio of 1% acetic acid solution to earthworm castings soaking liquid is 1:15.

[0087] Test Example 8

[0088] The same as Experimental Example 7, except that the ratio of the 1% acetic acid solution to the earthworm castings soaking liquid is 1:10.

[0089] The deformed fruit rate of watermelons was recorded, and the watermelons were harvested and counted, as shown in Table 3.

[0090] Table 3 Statistics of deformed fruit rates of watermelons in Experimental Examples 7 and 8

[0091]

[0092] It can be seen from Test Examples 7 and 8 that when a mixed solution of acetic acid solution and earthworm castings is applied to watermelons during the fruit swelling period, the deformed fruit rate of watermelons is reduced compared with Test Example 4.

[0093] In Test Example 7, a mixed solution of 1% acetic acid solution and earthworm manure soaking was applied at a ratio of 1:15 during the fruit swelling period, and in Test Example 4, a solution soaked in earthworm manure was applied during the fruit swelling period of watermelon. Compared with Test Example 4, the deformed fruit rate of watermelon in Test Example 7 was reduced by 2.1 percentage points; in Test Example 8, a mixed solution of 1% acetic acid solution and earthworm manure soaking was applied at a ratio of 1:10 during the fruit swelling period of watermelon. Compared with Test Example 4, the deformed fruit rate of watermelon was reduced by 1.7 percentage points. It can be seen that when a mixed solution of 1% acetic acid solution and earthworm manure soaking was applied at a ratio of 1:15 during the fruit swelling period of watermelon in Test Example 7, the effect was better.

[0094] The above description is only a specific implementation mode of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, and these modifications or substitutions should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits, characterized in that: The steps include: A10 obtain earthworm castings soaked in liquid, in the watermelon fruiting period, apply the earthworm castings soaked in liquid; A20. Carry out field management and harvest the watermelons after they are ripe.

2. The planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The earthworm castings soaking liquid is prepared by the following method: A11. Prepare vermicompost; A12. Add water to the earthworm castings and soak for a predetermined period of time, stirring at irregular intervals during the soaking period; A13. After soaking, precipitation is performed; A14. Separate the precipitate to obtain the supernatant as the earthworm castings soaking liquid.

3. The planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits according to claim 2, characterized in that: The weight ratio of the earthworm castings to the clean water is 1:15 to 1:

25.

4. The planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits according to claim 2, characterized in that: The predetermined duration is 72 hours to 108 hours.

5. The planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits according to claim 2, characterized in that: The ambient temperature during the soaking period was 30°C to 37°C.

6. The planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step A10 also includes: obtaining a weak acidic substance, mixing the weak acidic substance with the earthworm castings soaking liquid at a volume ratio of 1:10 to 1:15, and applying the mixture during the watermelon fruit swelling period.

7. The planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits according to claim 6, characterized in that: The weakly acidic substance is an acetic acid solution, and the concentration thereof is 0.01 mol / L to 0.32 mol / L.

8. The planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the earthworm castings soaking liquid applied is 300m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 400m 3 ·hm -2 .

9. The planting method for reducing the rate of deformed watermelon fruits according to claim 1, characterized in that: The field management includes water and fertilizer management, which includes applying nitrogen fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and water. The nitrogen fertilizer application rate during the entire growth cycle is 140 kg·hm -2 Up to 160kg·hm -2 The potassium fertilizer application rate is 270 kg·hm -2 Up to 300kg·hm -2 The irrigation volume is 2000m 3 ·hm -2 Up to 2200m 3 ·hm -2 .

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