Premature senility prevention management method for densely-planted double-layer truncated cone macadamia nut trees

Abstract

The invention provides an anti-premature senility management method for closely-planted double-layer truncated cone macadamia nut trees, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The premature senility prevention management method comprises layered nutrition supply and flower and fruit protection management. The layered nutrition supply comprises the following steps: deeply applying a calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the lower layer of soil greater than 60cm, and covering a root controller; organic fertilizers and biological agents are applied to 30-60 cm soil of the middle layer; a macroelement, humic acid and seaweed extract water-soluble fertilizer is applied to the 0-30 cm soil of the upper layer; the flower and fruit protection management comprises the steps that ABA and paclobutrazol are sprayed in the flower bud differentiation period; brassinolide and fluid boron are sprayed in the full-bloom stage; spraying forchlorfenuron and amino acid in a young fruit stage; nAA and monopotassium phosphate are sprayed in the fruit swelling period. Layered nutrition supply and flower and fruit protection management are carried out on the densely-planted double-layer truncated cone macadamia nut trees, premature senility of the densely-planted macadamia nut trees is prevented, branch development of the lower layer is promoted, the tree vigor is balanced, and the high-yield level is maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for preventing premature senescence of closely planted double-layer frustum Macadamia trees. Background Art

[0002] As a fruit tree with high economic value, Macadamia has richly nutritious and crispy fruits, and is highly favored in the international market. In recent years, with the continuous increase in the demand for Macadamia, its planting scale has gradually expanded. Among various cultivation techniques, a method for closely planting, dwarfing, and high-yield cultivation of Macadamia disclosed in CN115812504A effectively improves the yield and advances the full-bearing period through close planting and shaping pruning, providing important technical support for the efficient cultivation of Macadamia. However, with the in-depth practice of planting, some drawbacks of this cultivation method have gradually emerged.

[0003] On the one hand, the closely planted and dwarf Macadamia trees are prone to premature senescence. Due to the relatively large planting density, the competition for nutrients, water, and light among plants intensifies, and the consumption rate of nutrients in the soil accelerates. After consecutive years of fruiting, the tree's nutrient reserves are difficult to meet the dual demands of growth and fruiting, resulting in a gradual weakening of the tree vigor, yellowing and shedding of leaves, and a decline in fruit yield and quality.

[0004] On the other hand, this cultivation method is not conducive to the growth of lower-layer branches. Although a main trunk double-layer frustum plant type is formed through shaping pruning, in the actual growth process, the upper-layer branches and leaves block the light, limiting the photosynthesis of the lower-layer branches, making the branches thin and weak, and it is difficult to form effective fruiting branch groups. Moreover, due to the preferential supply of nutrients to the upper-layer vigorously growing parts, the lower-layer branches are at a disadvantage in nutrient acquisition, further inhibiting their growth and development and affecting the overall yield increase. In some orchards, the fruit-bearing amount of the lower-layer branches only accounts for 30%-40% of the total yield, far lower than the expected level.

[0005] Therefore, although the cultivation method of CN115812504A has improved the yield and planting efficiency of Macadamia to a certain extent, the problems in tree premature senescence, lower-layer branch growth, etc. need to be solved urgently. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for preventing premature senescence of closely planted double-layer frustum Macadamia trees, preventing premature senescence of closely planted Macadamia trees, promoting the development of lower-layer branches, balancing the tree vigor, and maintaining a high-yield level.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned invention purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] A method for preventing premature senescence of closely planted double-layer frustum Macadamia trees, including hierarchical nutrient supply and flower and fruit preservation management;

[0009] The layered nutrient supply includes: applying calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer deeply in the soil layer below 60 cm and covering with a root control device; applying organic fertilizer and biological bacteria agent in the soil layer of 30 - 60 cm; applying macronutrients, humic acid and water-soluble fertilizer of seaweed extract in the soil layer of 0 - 30 cm.

[0010] The flower and fruit preservation management includes: spraying ABA and paclobutrazol during the flower bud differentiation period; spraying brassinolide and fluid boron during the full bloom period; spraying forchlorfenuron and amino acids during the young fruit period; spraying NAA and potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the fruit swelling period.

[0011] Preferably, the age of the macadamia tree is ≥ 7 years, the planting density is 2 - 3 m × 2 - 3 m, and the overall plant shape is a double-layer frustum of a cone with a main trunk.

[0012] Preferably, dig a circular groove with a depth > 60 cm at a distance of 90 - 110 cm from the main trunk of the macadamia, deeply apply 18 - 22 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and cover with a root control device, and deeply apply once every 2 - 3 years.

[0013] Preferably, 1.5 - 2.5 t / acre of organic fertilizer and 0.8 - 1.2 kg / acre of biological bacteria agent are applied in the soil layer of 30 - 60 cm.

[0014] Preferably, 8 - 12 kg / acre of water-soluble fertilizer is applied in the soil layer of 0 - 30 cm; the water-soluble fertilizer contains 13 - 17 wt% of N, 13 - 17 wt% of P2O5, 13 - 17 wt% of K2O, 4 - 6 wt% of humic acid and 2 - 4 wt% of seaweed extract.

[0015] Preferably, 0.01 - 0.03 wt% of ABA and 0.005 - 0.008 wt% of paclobutrazol are sprayed during the flower bud differentiation period, and the spraying amount is 40 - 50 L / acre.

[0016] Preferably, 0.0001 - 0.0003 wt% of brassinolide and 0.08 - 0.12 wt% of fluid boron are sprayed during the full bloom period, and the spraying amount is 60 - 70 L / acre.

[0017] Preferably, 0.0001 - 0.0003 wt% of forchlorfenuron and 0.25 - 0.35 wt% of amino acids are sprayed during the young fruit period, and the spraying amount is 50 - 60 L / acre.

[0018] Preferably, 0.0005 - 0.001 wt% of NAA and 0.15 - 0.25 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate are sprayed during the fruit swelling period, and the spraying amount is 60 - 70 L / acre.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes the management of the inner canopy low-light area. Zinc fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer and 6-BA are sprayed after the spring shoots are mature and before the autumn shoots germinate; 6-BA and urea are injected into the inner canopy branches in the early stage of spring bud germination and before the autumn buds enter dormancy.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] Through layered nutrient supply, the present invention accurately meets the nutrient requirements of different levels of roots of the tree body. Deep application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the lower layer of soil over 60 cm and covering with root control devices guides the roots to grow downward, increases the proportion of vertical roots, enhances the drought resistance and lodging resistance of the tree body, and at the same time provides a long-term supply of phosphorus elements for the roots; application of organic fertilizer and biological agents in the middle layer of soil at 30-60 cm promotes the branching of the middle layer roots, increases the nutrient absorption area, and improves the soil microbial environment; drip irrigation of water-soluble fertilizer rich in various nutrients in the upper layer avoids nutrient depletion on the surface layer and maintains root vitality. This layered fertilization method effectively solves the problem of insufficient nutrient supply caused by intense root competition in the high-density orchard, fundamentally prevents premature senescence of the tree body, and prolongs the economic life of the tree body.

[0022] The flower and fruit preservation management measures of the present invention, in view of the growth characteristics of macadamia nuts, spray corresponding plant growth regulators and nutrients at different times, effectively promoting the development of the lower-layer branches. In addition, the management measures for the inner canopy low-light area effectively improve the inner canopy light and nutrient conditions, delay the senescence of the inner canopy leaves, activate dormant buds, promote the growth of the lower-layer branches, and improve the fruit-bearing ability of the lower-layer branches.

[0023] By comprehensively combining layered nutrient supply and flower and fruit preservation management, the present invention can significantly improve the yield and quality of macadamia nuts. The layered nutrient supply provides sufficient nutrients for the growth and fruiting of the tree body, and the flower and fruit preservation management improves the fruit setting rate, enabling the tree body to maintain high yields. At the same time, by reasonably regulating the nutrient distribution, the fruit size is uniform, the weight of 100 fruits increases, the kernel extraction rate increases, and the fruit quality is significantly improved. Detailed implementation methods

[0024] The present invention provides a premature senescence prevention management method for high-density double-layer frustum-shaped macadamia nut trees, including layered nutrient supply and flower and fruit preservation management.

[0025] In the present invention, it is preferred that the age of the macadamia nut tree is ≥7 years, the planting density is 2-3m×2-3m, and the overall plant shape is a double-layer frustum-shaped main trunk. The specific establishment method of the high-density double-layer frustum-shaped macadamia nut trees in the present invention is carried out in the manner disclosed in CN115812504A.

[0026] In the present invention, the layered nutrient supply includes: deep application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the soil layer below 60 cm and covering with root control devices; application of organic fertilizer and biological agents in the soil layer at 30-60 cm; application of water-soluble fertilizer containing macronutrients, humic acid and seaweed extract in the soil layer at 0-30 cm.

[0027] In the present invention, it is preferred that deep application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer to the soil layer with a depth greater than 60 cm and covering the root control device are carried out after fruit harvesting in autumn, once every 2 - 3 years. It is preferred to dig an annular groove with a depth greater than 60 cm at a distance of 90 - 110 cm from the main trunk of Macadamia integrifolia, and more preferably to dig a groove at a distance of 1 m from the main trunk; it is preferred to deeply apply 18 - 22 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and more preferably 20 kg / acre; it is preferred that the root control device is made of non-woven fabric, with strong air and water permeability, corrosion resistance, and is suitable for acidic red soil. More preferably, the root control device is buried at a depth of 60 - 80 cm. In the intensive plantation of Macadamia integrifolia, the proportion of vertical roots is less than 20%, and the drought resistance and lodging resistance are weak. Calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer can slowly release phosphorus in acidic soil (the solubility is 30% at pH 5.0), guiding the roots to grow towards the deep layer for fertilizer; the root control device physically blocks the excessive expansion of the horizontal roots of Macadamia integrifolia, forcing the roots to grow downward and increasing the proportion of vertical roots.

[0028] In the present invention, it is preferred that the application of organic fertilizer and biological bacterial agent to the soil layer of 30 - 60 cm in the middle layer is carried out after fruit harvesting in autumn. It is preferred to apply 1.5 - 2.5 t / acre of organic fertilizer, and more preferably 2 t / acre. More preferably, the organic fertilizer is selected from commercial organic fertilizer or decomposed organic fertilizer; it is preferred to apply 0.8 - 1.2 kg / acre of biological bacterial agent, and more preferably 1 kg / acre. More preferably, the biological bacterial agent is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal agent. In the intensive plantation of Macadamia integrifolia, the horizontal expansion of the root system is limited, and the development of deep roots is insufficient. Applying organic fertilizer to the middle layer soil can provide slow-release organic matter, promote the branching of middle layer roots, induce the root tip to secrete auxin, and increase the nutrient absorption area; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiose with the roots, and the hyphal network extends into the soil pores to help absorb deep water and insoluble phosphorus.

[0029] In the present invention, it is preferred that the application of macronutrients, humic acid, and seaweed extract water-soluble fertilizer to the soil layer of 0 - 30 cm in the upper layer is in the form of drip irrigation, once a month; it is preferred to apply 8 - 12 kg / acre of water-soluble fertilizer, and more preferably 10 kg / acre; it is preferred that the water-soluble fertilizer contains 13 - 17 wt% of N, 13 - 17 wt% of P2O5, 13 - 17 wt% of K2O, 4 - 6 wt% of humic acid (dry basis), and 2 - 4 wt% of seaweed extract. More preferably, it contains 15 wt% of N, 15 wt% of P2O5, 15 wt% of K2O, 5 wt% of humic acid, and 3 wt% of seaweed extract. In the intensive plantation of Macadamia integrifolia, the surface fibrous roots are dense and the competition is intense. Conventional fertilization easily leads to the depletion of surface nutrients. Drip irrigation can accurately supply water and fertilizer, avoid deep leakage, reduce fertilizer waste, and maintain root vitality; humic acid and seaweed extract can stimulate the growth of fibrous roots of Macadamia integrifolia, activate the fixed phosphorus and potassium in the soil, and improve the utilization rate of surface nutrients.

[0030] In the present invention, the flower and fruit retention management includes: spraying ABA and paclobutrazol during the flower bud differentiation period; spraying brassinolide and fluid boron during the full bloom period; spraying forchlorfenuron and amino acids during the young fruit period; spraying NAA and potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the fruit swelling period.

[0031] In the present invention, it is preferred to spray 0.01 - 0.03 wt% ABA and 0.005 - 0.008 wt% paclobutrazol during the flower bud differentiation period, and more preferably to spray 0.02 wt% ABA and 0.0065 wt% paclobutrazol; the preferred spraying amount is 40 - 50 L / mu, and more preferably 45 L / mu. Macadamia has an obvious apical dominance, and the apical flower buds are easily differentiated during the flower bud differentiation period, resulting in a decrease in the differentiation rate of inner chamber flower buds. ABA can inhibit the polar transport of auxin at the top, promoting the distribution of nutrients to the inner chamber flower buds; paclobutrazol can block the synthesis of gibberellin, shorten the internode length, and reduce the consumption of vegetative growth.

[0032] In the present invention, it is preferred to spray 0.0001 - 0.0003 wt% brassinolide and 0.08 - 0.12 wt% fluid boron during the full bloom period, and more preferably to spray 0.0002 wt% brassinolide and 0.1 wt% fluid boron; the preferred spraying amount is 60 - 70 L / mu, and more preferably 65 L / mu.

[0033] In the present invention, it is preferred to spray 0.0001 - 0.0003 wt% forchlorfenuron and 0.25 - 0.35 wt% amino acid during the young fruit period, and more preferably to spray 0.0002 wt% forchlorfenuron and 0.3 wt% amino acid; the preferred spraying amount is 50 - 60 L / mu, and more preferably 55 L / mu. In the macadamia close - planting orchard, the inner chamber fruits are prone to physiological fruit drop due to nutrient competition. Forchlorfenuron mimics cytokinin, promotes the proliferation of young fruit cells, and improves the fruit - setting rate of inner chamber fruits; amino acids provide an organic nitrogen source, avoiding the shoot - fruit competition caused by traditional nitrogen fertilizers.

[0034] In the present invention, it is preferred to spray 0.0005 - 0.001 wt% NAA and 0.15 - 0.25 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the fruit swelling period, and more preferably to spray 0.00075 wt% NAA and 0.2 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate; the preferred spraying amount is 60 - 70 L / mu, and more preferably 65 L / mu. For the double - layer frustum - shaped macadamia tree, the nutrients are concentrated in the top fruits, and the swelling of the inner chamber fruits is blocked. NAA induces the differentiation of fruit vascular bundles, enhances the sink strength of inner chamber fruits, and promotes the input of assimilates; potassium dihydrogen phosphate increases the peel thickness and reduces sunburn cracking of fruits.

[0035] In the present invention, it is preferably further included the management of the inner cavity low-light area. After the spring shoots are mature and before the autumn shoots germinate, zinc fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer and 6-BA are sprayed. Further preferably, 0.1 wt% zinc fertilizer, 0.2 wt% calcium fertilizer, 0.05 wt% molybdenum fertilizer and 0.005 wt% 6-BA are sprayed. More preferably, the zinc fertilizer is zinc sulfate, the calcium fertilizer is calcium nitrate, and the molybdenum fertilizer is ammonium molybdate. It is sprayed on the back of the inner cavity branches, and the spraying amount is 60 L / mu. The inner cavity leaves of the closely planted double-layer frustum Macadamia integrifolia trees have reduced photosynthetic assimilates due to insufficient light, resulting in branch death. Zinc fertilizer can activate carbonic anhydrase and improve the CO2 fixation efficiency under low light, compensating for photosynthetic losses; calcium fertilizer can enhance the cell wall strength and delay the disintegration of mesophyll cells caused by low light; 6-BA can block the leaf senescence signal (ethylene synthesis) and maintain the chlorophyll content in the inner cavity.

[0036] In the present invention, it is preferably further included injecting 6-BA and urea into the inner cavity branches in the early stage of spring bud germination and before the autumn buds enter dormancy. Further preferably, 0.005 wt% 6-BA and 0.1 wt% urea are injected. More preferably, 1-2-year-old branches with a diameter of 1-2 cm in the inner cavity and plump but ungerminated bud eyes are selected. At a position 5-10 cm away from the branching point on the backlight side of the branch base, a hole is drilled obliquely downward at 45° with a 3 mm drill bit to a depth reaching the middle layer of the xylem. A medical syringe is used to slowly inject 2-3 mL of the liquid medicine, avoiding overflow. After injection, the opening is sealed with a wound healing agent; 3-5 inner cavity branches of each tree are selected for treatment, and the total single dose ≤ 15 mL / tree to prevent malformed buds caused by excessive hormones. Injection is carried out when the Macadamia integrifolia tree has sufficient nutrient reserves and the buds are in the semi-dormant - germination critical state. 6-BA stimulates cell division, and urea provides local nitrogen source, which can ensure effective activation of dormant buds while avoiding competing for nutrients with fruits or new shoots.

[0037] In the present invention, it is preferably further included laying silver reflective films between the rows of Macadamia integrifolia orchards. Further preferably, the film width is 1.5-2 m to increase the light intensity in the inner cavity low-light area; it is preferably to carry out "skylight opening" pruning on the top branches blocking the inner cavity in May every year, thinning out 1-2 upright branches, retaining 30% light transmission pores, increasing the light transmittance, and extending the functional period of the inner cavity leaves.

[0038] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0039] Example 1

[0040] A cultivation method for closely planted double-layer frustum Macadamia integrifolia includes the following steps:

[0041] (1) Hierarchical nutrient supply: Select Macadamia integrifolia trees with a tree age of 7 years, a planting density of 2.5 m × 2.5 m, and an overall plant shape of a double-layer frustum of a cone for the main trunk. After fruit harvesting in autumn, dig a circular trench with a depth > 60 cm at a distance of 1 m from the main trunk of Macadamia integrifolia, deeply apply 20 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and apply it deeply once every 3 years. Then cover it with a non-woven fabric root control device buried 70 cm deep. Apply 2 t / acre of commercial organic fertilizer and 1 kg / acre of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculant to the soil in the middle layer of 30 - 60 cm. Apply 10 kg / acre of water-soluble fertilizer in the form of drip irrigation to the soil in the upper layer of 0 - 30 cm every month. This water-soluble fertilizer contains 15 wt% N, 15 wt% P2O5, 15 wt% K2O, 5 wt% humic acid, and 3 wt% seaweed extract.

[0042] (2) During the flower bud differentiation period, spray 0.02 wt% ABA and 0.0065 wt% paclobutrazol, with a spraying amount of 45 L / acre; during the full flowering period, spray 0.0002 wt% brassinolide and 0.01 wt% fluid boron, with a spraying amount of 65 L / acre; during the young fruit period, spray 0.0002 wt% forchlorfenuron and 0.3 wt% amino acid, with a spraying amount of 55 L / acre; during the fruit swelling period, spray 0.00075 wt% NAA and 0.2 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a spraying amount of 65 L / acre.

[0043] (3) Management of the inner cavity weak light area: After the spring shoots mature and before the autumn shoots germinate, spray 0.1 wt% zinc sulfate, 0.2 wt% calcium nitrate, 0.05 wt% ammonium molybdate, and 0.005 wt% 6 - BA on the back of the inner cavity branches, with a spraying amount of 60 L / acre. In the early stage of spring bud germination and before the autumn buds enter dormancy, select 1 - 2-year-old branches with an inner cavity diameter of 1.5 cm, plump bud eyes but not yet germinated. At a distance of 7.5 cm from the branching point on the backlit side at the base of the branch, drill a hole obliquely downward at 45° with a 3 mm drill bit to a depth reaching the middle layer of the xylem. Use a medical syringe to slowly inject 2.5 mL of liquid medicine containing 0.005 wt% 6 - BA and 0.1 wt% urea. Select 4 inner cavity branches for treatment per tree, and control the single - time total drug amount at 10 mL / tree. At the same time, lay a 1.5 m wide silver reflective film between the rows of Macadamia integrifolia orchards. In May every year, perform "skylight" pruning on the top branches blocking the inner cavity, remove 1 - 2 upright branches, and retain 30% light - transmitting pores.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] A cultivation method for closely - planted double - layer frustum Macadamia integrifolia includes the following steps:

[0046] (1) Hierarchical nutrient supply: Select macadamia nut trees with a tree age of 7 years, a planting density of 2m × 2m, and a plant type of a double-layer frustum-shaped main trunk. After harvesting fruits in autumn, dig a circular trench with a depth > 60 cm at a distance of 90 cm from the main trunk, deeply apply 18 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and deeply apply it once every 2 years. Cover with a non-woven root control device buried at a depth of 60 cm. Apply 1.5 t / acre of decomposed organic fertilizer and 0.8 kg / acre of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculant to the soil in the middle layer of 30 - 60 cm. Apply 8 kg / acre of water-soluble fertilizer to the soil in the upper layer of 0 - 30 cm by drip irrigation every month. The water-soluble fertilizer contains 13 wt% N, 13 wt% P2O5, 13 wt% K2O, 4 wt% humic acid, and 2 wt% seaweed extract.

[0047] (2) Flower and fruit preservation management: During the flower bud differentiation period, spray 0.01 wt% ABA and 0.005 wt% paclobutrazol, with a spraying amount of 40 L / acre; during the full bloom period, spray 0.0001 wt% brassinolide and 0.08 wt% fluid boron, with a spraying amount of 60 L / acre; during the young fruit period, spray 0.0001 wt% forchlorfenuron and 0.25 wt% amino acid, with a spraying amount of 50 L / acre; during the fruit expansion period, spray 0.0005 wt% NAA and 0.15 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a spraying amount of 60 L / acre.

[0048] (3) Management of the inner cavity weak light area is the same as in Example 1.

[0049] Example 3

[0050] A cultivation method for closely planted double-layer frustum-shaped macadamia nuts, comprising the following steps:

[0051] (1) Hierarchical nutrient supply: Select macadamia nut trees with a tree age of 8 years, a planting density of 3m × 3m, and a double-layer frustum-shaped main trunk. After harvesting fruits in autumn, dig a circular trench with a depth > 60 cm at a distance of 110 cm from the main trunk, deeply apply 22 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and deeply apply it once every 3 years. Cover with a non-woven root control device buried at a depth of 80 cm. Apply 2.5 t / acre of commercial organic fertilizer and 1.2 kg / acre of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal inoculant to the soil in the middle layer of 30 - 60 cm. Apply 12 kg / acre of water-soluble fertilizer to the soil in the upper layer of 0 - 30 cm by drip irrigation every month. The water-soluble fertilizer contains 17 wt% N, 17 wt% P2O5, 17 wt% K2O, 6 wt% humic acid, and 4 wt% seaweed extract.

[0052] (2) Flower and fruit preservation management: During the flower bud differentiation period, spray 0.03 wt% ABA and 0.008 wt% paclobutrazol, with a spraying amount of 50 L / acre; during the full bloom period, spray 0.0003 wt% brassinolide and 0.12 wt% fluid boron, with a spraying amount of 70 L / acre; during the young fruit period, spray 0.0003 wt% forchlorfenuron and 0.35 wt% amino acid, with a spraying amount of 60 L / acre; during the fruit expansion period, spray 0.001 wt% NAA and 0.25 wt% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, with a spraying amount of 70 L / acre.

[0053] (3) The management of the weak light area in the inner bore is the same as that in Example 1.

[0054] Test Example 1

[0055] Effects of Different Fertilization Management Methods on the Production and Root Growth of Macadamia

[0056] 1. Test Design

[0057] The macadamia variety is Hidden Valley A4, planted in acidic red soil with a planting density of 2×3 m. The plant type is a double-layer truncated cone with a main trunk and the tree age is 8 years.

[0058] A randomized block experimental design was adopted. Three fertilization management methods are shown in Table 1. Fertilization was carried out continuously for 2 years with 3 replicates, and the area of each plot is 0.5 mu.

[0059] Table 1 Different Fertilization Management Methods

[0060]

[0061] 2. Index Detection

[0062] Yield measurement was carried out for 2 years respectively to count the annual yield per mu, the weight of 100 fruits and the kernel extraction rate. After harvesting the fruits in the second year, the root distribution was detected by the stratified excavation method (the proportion of root mass in the soil layers of 0-30 cm / 30-60 cm / >60 cm).

[0063] 3. Test Results

[0064] As shown in Table 2, the yield, the weight of 100 fruits and the kernel extraction rate of Treatment Group 2 were significantly higher than those of Treatment Group 1 and the control group CK in the two-year detection (P<0.05). In terms of root distribution, the proportion of the lower-layer roots of Treatment Group 2 was also significantly higher than that of Treatment Group 1 and the control group, indicating that the fertilization management method of Treatment Group 2 can effectively guide the roots to grow deeper, enhance the nutrient absorption capacity and stability of the tree body, and thus increase the yield. In addition, the yield of CK decreased in the second year, showing an obvious "alternate bearing" phenomenon, while the production of Treatment 2 was relatively stable.

[0065] Table 2 Effects of Different Fertilization Management Methods on the Production and Root Growth of Macadamia

[0066]

[0067] Note: Different letters in the table represent significant differences, P<0.05.

[0068] Test Example 2

[0069] Effects of Different Flower and Fruit Retention Management Methods on the Growth and Yield of Macadamia

[0070] 1. Test Design

[0071] The macadamia variety is Hidden Valley A4, planted in acidic red soil with a planting density of 2×3m. The plant type is a double-layer truncated cone with a main trunk, and the tree age is 8 years.

[0072] A randomized block experimental design was adopted. Two flower and fruit retention management methods are shown in Table 3, repeated 3 times, and the area of each plot is 0.5 mu.

[0073] Table 3 Different flower and fruit retention methods

[0074] Treatment group Flower and fruit preservation method CK Flower and fruit preservation management in Example 1 of CN115812504A 1 Flower and fruit preservation management in Example 1 of the present invention + Management of inner cavity low-light area

[0075] Note: The fertilization and pest and disease management methods for the two treatments are the same.

[0076] 2. Index detection

[0077] During the fruit setting period, 5 plants were randomly selected from each plot to investigate the total fruit setting rate and the fruit setting rate of the lower layer. After harvesting, 5 plants were randomly selected from each plot for yield measurement, and the total yield and the yield of the lower layer fruits were statistically analyzed, and the proportion of the yield of the lower layer fruits was calculated.

[0078] 3. Experimental results

[0079] As shown in Table 4, the total fruit setting rate, the fruit setting rate of the lower layer, the total yield and the yield of the lower layer fruits of Treatment Group 1 were significantly higher than those of the control group CK (P < 0.05). This indicates that the flower and fruit retention management method of the present invention combined with the management of the inner cavity weak light area can significantly improve the fruit setting rate and yield of macadamia, especially increase the yield of the lower layer fruits, effectively improve the fruit distribution, and enhance the overall planting benefit.

[0080] Table 4 Effects of different flower and fruit retention methods on the production of densely planted macadamia

[0081]

[0082]

[0083] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be noted that for those of ordinary skill in the art, without departing from the principle of the present invention, several improvements and refinements can be made, and these improvements and refinements should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for preventing premature senility of closely planted double-layer frustum-shaped macadamia trees, characterized in that, Including hierarchical nutrient supply and flower and fruit preservation management; The hierarchical nutrient supply includes: deep application of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in the soil layer below 60 cm and covering with root control devices; application of organic fertilizer and biological bacteria agent in the soil layer of 30 - 60 cm in the middle layer; application of macronutrients, humic acid and seaweed extract water-soluble fertilizer in the soil layer of 0 - 30 cm in the upper layer; The flower and fruit preservation management includes: spraying ABA and paclobutrazol during the flower bud differentiation period; spraying brassinolide and fluid boron during the full bloom period; spraying forchlorfenuron and amino acids during the young fruit period; spraying NAA and potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the fruit swelling period.

2. The anti-premature aging management method according to claim 1, wherein The age of the macadamia tree is ≥ 7 years, the planting density is 2 - 3 m × 2 - 3 m, and the overall plant shape is a double-layer frustum of a cone with a main trunk.

3. The anti-early aging management method according to claim 1, characterized in that Dig a circular groove with a depth > 60 cm at a distance of 90 - 110 cm from the main trunk of the macadamia, deeply apply 18 - 22 kg / acre of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, and cover with root control devices, and deeply apply once every 2 - 3 years.

4. The anti-early aging management method according to claim 1, wherein Apply 1.5 - 2.5 t / acre of organic fertilizer and 0.8 - 1.2 kg / acre of biological bacteria agent in the soil layer of 30 - 60 cm in the middle layer.

5. The anti-early aging management method according to claim 1, wherein Apply 8 - 12 kg / acre of water-soluble fertilizer in the soil layer of 0 - 30 cm in the upper layer; the water-soluble fertilizer contains 13 - 17 wt% of N, 13 - 17 wt% of P2O5, 13 - 17 wt% of K2O, 4 - 6 wt% of humic acid and 2 - 4 wt% of seaweed extract.

6. The anti-early aging management method according to claim 1, wherein Spray 0.01 - 0.03 wt% of ABA and 0.005 - 0.008 wt% of paclobutrazol during the flower bud differentiation period, and the spraying amount is 40 - 50 L / acre.

7. The anti-early aging management method according to claim 1, wherein Spray 0.0001 - 0.0003 wt% of brassinolide and 0.08 - 0.12 wt% of fluid boron during the full bloom period, and the spraying amount is 60 - 70 L / acre.

8. The anti-early aging management method according to claim 1, characterized in that Spray 0.0001 - 0.0003 wt% of forchlorfenuron and 0.25 - 0.35 wt% of amino acids during the young fruit period, and the spraying amount is 50 - 60 L / acre.

9. The anti-early aging management method according to claim 1, characterized in that Spray 0.0005 - 0.001 wt% of NAA and 0.15 - 0.25 wt% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate during the fruit swelling period, and the spraying amount is 60 - 70 L / acre.

10. The anti-early aging management method according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes the management of the inner cavity weak light area, spraying zinc fertilizer, calcium fertilizer, molybdenum fertilizer and 6 - BA after the spring shoots are mature and before the autumn shoots germinate; injecting 6 - BA and urea into the inner cavity branches in the early stage of spring bud germination and before the autumn buds enter dormancy.

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