Seaweed and shellfish comprehensive three-dimensional culture method

Abstract

The invention discloses a seaweed and shellfish comprehensive three-dimensional culture method which comprises a culture net cage which is of a cylindrical structure, the culture net cage is hung below a buoyancy structure through a hanging structure, and a plurality of partition plates are arranged in the culture net cage to divide the culture net cage into a plurality of shellfish culture cavities and filling cavities; the shellfish culture cavity is used for culturing shellfish, and the filling cavity is used for filling oyster shells; the flow guide structure comprises a plurality of flow guide plates, the flow guide plates are arranged on the periphery of the aquaculture net cage, the flow guide plates are in a right trapezoid shape, the short bottom edges of the flow guide plates are attached to the edge of the net cage, and the short bottom edges of the flow guide plates form 45 degrees in the water flow direction so that a spiral water flow path can be formed on the periphery of the aquaculture net cage; the seaweed culture frame is arranged outside the culture net cage, and the seaweed culture frame is a suspension type seaweed culture frame. According to the method, the space utilization rate of cultivation can be increased, and the labor intensity of later-period management and shellfish and algae harvesting is reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and more specifically to a method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish. Background Art

[0002] In the marine aquaculture industry, improving aquaculture efficiency and resource utilization has always been the focus of research and practice. The traditional single-species aquaculture model often has problems such as low space utilization and easy destruction of ecological balance. In order to solve these problems, the integrated three-dimensional aquaculture model came into being. It achieves efficient resource utilization and harmonious ecological coexistence by aquaculture different types of marine organisms in layers or regions in the same waters. However, most of these existing methods have failed to effectively solve problems such as insufficient water exchange and low utilization of aquaculture space. For example, some integrated aquaculture systems simply place seaweed and shellfish in the same area, failing to form effective ecological synergy. In addition, the existing technology lacks refined management of buoyancy regulation and water flow control of aquaculture facilities, making it difficult to adapt to the complex and changeable marine environment. These problems limit the promotion and application of integrated aquaculture technology.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a comprehensive three-dimensional aquaculture method that can achieve ecological coordinated aquaculture of seaweed and shellfish, improve resource utilization and aquaculture efficiency, so as to solve the above technical problems. Summary of the invention

[0004] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish, which can improve the flowability of seawater in the cultivation cages and ensure the normal growth of shellfish.

[0006] In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish is provided, which comprises: A breeding cage is a cylindrical structure, the breeding cage is suspended below the buoyancy structure through a suspension structure, and a plurality of partition plates are arranged in the breeding cage to separate the breeding cage into a plurality of shellfish breeding chambers and filling chambers, the shellfish breeding chambers are used for breeding shellfish, and the filling chambers are used for filling oyster shells; The guide structure includes a plurality of guide plates, which are arranged around the aquaculture cage. The guide plates are in the shape of a right-angled trapezoid, and the short bottom sides of the guide plates are in contact with the edge of the cage and are 45 degrees along the water flow direction to form a spiral water flow path around the aquaculture cage; The seaweed cultivation rack is arranged outside the cultivation net cage, and the seaweed cultivation rack is a suspended seaweed cultivation rack.

[0007] Preferably, the shellfish culture cavity and the filling cavity constitute a shellfish culture unit, a plurality of shellfish culture units are stacked, and a spacer layer is provided between two adjacent shellfish culture units, and the height of the spacer layer is 15 cm.

[0008] Preferably, if the cultured shellfish are small shellfish, a net cage with a mesh size of 0.5-1 cm is selected in the early stage of culture, and when the size of the shellfish is close to 70% of the mesh size, it is replaced with a net cage with a mesh size of 1-2 cm in time; if the cultured shellfish are large shellfish, a net cage with a mesh size of 3-5 cm is selected in the early stage of culture, and then the mesh size is appropriately adjusted to 5-8 cm according to the growth of the shellfish to maintain good water circulation. Selecting a net cage with a suitable mesh size according to the size of different shellfish and adjusting the mesh size in time during the growth of the shellfish can ensure water circulation, allow the shellfish to obtain sufficient oxygen and nutrients, promote the growth of the shellfish, and avoid the shellfish being trapped due to too small a mesh or escaping due to too large a mesh, thereby improving the survival rate of the shellfish and the culture yield.

[0009] Preferably, the breeding cage comprises an inner cage and an outer cage, both of which are provided with long strip through holes, the long strip through holes are arranged in a circular array, the length of the long strip through holes is 5-8 cm, and the width is 1-2 cm, and the outer cage can be rotatably fixed on the outer side of the inner cage; The outer net box is rotated so that its long strip through holes partially or completely overlap with the long strip through holes of the inner net box to form a water flow opening, so as to adjust the water flow entering the inner net box.

[0010] By setting up an inner cage and an outer cage and utilizing the overlap of the long strip through holes of the two to adjust the size of the water flow opening, flexible adjustment of the size of the water flow entering the cage is achieved, which can prevent shellfish from escaping and adapt to different water flow conditions, providing a suitable water flow environment for shellfish and promoting their growth and health.

[0011] Preferably, if the water flow velocity is greater than 0.5 m / s, the water flow opening is adjusted to a length of 0.5-4 cm; if the water flow velocity is less than 0.3 m / s, the opening is adjusted to a diameter of 3-8 cm; if the water flow velocity is between 0.3-0.5 m / s, the opening is adjusted to a diameter of 3-8 cm. Accurately adjust the size of the water flow opening according to different water flow velocities to ensure that the appropriate water flow velocity can be maintained in the breeding cage under various water flow conditions, so as to avoid the impact of too fast water flow on shellfish and prevent the water flow from being too slow, resulting in poor water exchange, thereby ensuring a good growth environment for the cultured organisms.

[0012] Preferably, the seaweed culture rack comprises: Frame structure: The frame is constructed with high-strength, corrosion-resistant polyethylene pipes. The frame is in the shape of a regular hexagon. Each side of the frame is connected and fixed by a pipe connector. The frame structure is arranged outside the aquaculture cage, and the middle of the frame structure is connected to the buoyancy structure. Suspension device: floats are installed at the hexagons of the frame structure. The diameter of a single float is 30-50 cm. The floats are firmly connected to the frame through ropes or metal connectors. Among them, a seedling rope made of polypropylene is used with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm and a length determined according to the water depth of the culture rack. The seaweed seedlings are evenly wound and fixed on the seedling rope, and then the two ends of the seedling rope are respectively fixed on the two end frames of the culture rack, so that the seedling rope is perpendicular to the water surface, providing sufficient space for the growth of seaweed.

[0013] The frame structure is constructed using high-strength, corrosion-resistant polyethylene pipes, and a buoy is used as a suspension device to build a stable suspended seaweed cultivation rack. The seaweed seedlings are fixed with polypropylene seedling ropes, providing sufficient space for the growth of seaweed, which is conducive to the growth and reproduction of seaweed and improves the yield and quality of seaweed.

[0014] Preferably, a layer of plastic mesh with a hole diameter of 5-10 cm is laid in the frame of the culture rack to limit the range of movement of the seaweed through the mesh to prevent it from drifting with the water flow. Laying a plastic mesh with a hole diameter of 5-10 cm in the frame of the culture rack can effectively limit the range of movement of the seaweed, prevent the seaweed from drifting with the water flow, ensure that the seaweed grows in a suitable limited area, and improve the growth stability and culture efficiency of the seaweed.

[0015] Preferably, the suspended seaweed culture rack is arranged around the cage and keeps a distance of 1-2 m from the cage. The suspended seaweed culture rack is arranged around the cage and keeps a distance of 1-2 m, which realizes the reasonable layout of seaweed and shellfish culture. The two cooperate with each other, make full use of the water space, avoid mutual interference, and are conducive to improving the overall culture efficiency.

[0016] Preferably, the buoyancy structure comprises a first buoyancy tube and a plurality of second buoyancy tubes, the first buoyancy tube is a U-shaped structure, the second buoyancy tube is connected to the vertical portion of the first buoyancy tube, the second buoyancy tube is parallel to the horizontal portion of the first buoyancy tube, and the first buoyancy tube is connected to the seabed through an anchoring structure; the second buoyancy tube is communicated with the first buoyancy tube, an air inlet and an exhaust port and an air inlet and an exhaust port are provided at the bottom of the first buoyancy tube, an air inlet and an exhaust pipe is provided at the air inlet and an exhaust pipe, the free end of the air inlet and an exhaust pipe extends upward to the top of the first buoyancy tube, and the air inlet and an exhaust pipe are connected to an external inflation and exhaust device; Among them, two parallel inlets and outlets are set on the inlet and outlet pipes of the first buoyancy tube, and a small-aperture throttle valve and a large-aperture throttle valve are installed respectively. As the seaweed grows and the seawater environment changes slowly, when the buoyancy needs to be fine-tuned, the operator observes the state of the seaweed and the transparency of the seawater to preliminarily judge the buoyancy adjustment amount; specifically, first operate the small-aperture throttle valve and slowly rotate its handle. Due to the small aperture, the gas flows out slowly, and the buoyancy tube sinks slowly. Each time the handle is rotated one grid, wait 20 seconds and observe the changes in the water level mark connected to the buoyancy tube; if the sinking amplitude is insufficient, continue to rotate the handle at a small angle until the aquaculture facility reaches a suitable water layer; when a high-amplitude buoyancy adjustment is required, the operator first opens the large-aperture throttle valve and rotates the handle to 50% opening. The gas flows into the buoyancy tube at a moderate speed, and the buoyancy tube begins to rise. The rising speed and position of the buoyancy tube are observed, 1 min later, if the rise is close to the expected level, close the large-aperture throttle valve. At this time, if the buoyancy still needs to be fine-tuned, operate the small-aperture throttle valve to slightly adjust the buoyancy so that the aquaculture facilities are stabilized in the appropriate water layer.

[0017] By setting up a buoyancy structure consisting of a first buoyancy tube and a second buoyancy tube, and using a small-aperture throttle valve and a large-aperture throttle valve to adjust the buoyancy, the buoyancy can be accurately adjusted according to the growth of seaweed and changes in the seawater environment, ensuring that the aquaculture facilities are stable in a suitable water layer, providing a stable growth environment for seaweed and shellfish, and promoting the healthy growth of cultured organisms.

[0018] Preferably, the oyster shell is treated by the following method: soaking the oyster shell in 1 M sodium hydroxide solution, neutralizing with hydrochloric acid, washing with water until neutral, drying, and then calcining at 800 ° C for 3 hours to form a porous structure on the surface of the oyster shell, soaking the oyster shell in photosynthetic bacteria culture solution for 48 hours, and then taking it out and placing it in the filling cavity. The oyster shell is specially treated to form a porous structure on its surface and soaked in photosynthetic bacteria culture solution, which increases the surface area and beneficial bacteria of the oyster shell, is conducive to the attachment and growth of shellfish, and at the same time improves the breeding environment and improves the breeding effect and quality of shellfish.

[0019] The present invention includes at least the following beneficial effects: First, by adopting a cylindrical aquaculture cage, a diversion structure and a suspended seaweed aquaculture rack, three-dimensional aquaculture of seaweed and shellfish in the same water space is achieved, thereby improving the utilization rate of the water space. At the same time, the spiral water flow path formed by the diversion structure is conducive to water exchange and nutrient circulation, promoting the growth of seaweed and shellfish, and improving aquaculture efficiency and resource utilization. Second, the aquaculture cage of the present invention includes a shellfish aquaculture chamber and a filling chamber. By filling the filling chamber with oyster shells, the oyster shells can also attach shellfish seedlings, so that after the shellfish in the aquaculture chamber is collected, the shellfish seedlings in the filling chamber can be transferred to the aquaculture chamber for aquaculture, thereby reducing the input of shellfish seedlings and helping to reduce production costs.

[0020] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a structural schematic diagram of a technical solution of the present invention in which a seaweed culture rack is arranged outside a culture cage; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a breeding cage according to a technical solution of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic structural diagram of a wave power generation device according to a technical solution of the present invention.

[0022] 1. First buoyancy tube; 2. Second buoyancy tube; 3. Anchoring structure; 4. Cultivation cage; 41. Filling cavity; 42. Cultivation cavity; 43. Lamp sleeve; 44. Seaweed; 45. Spacer layer; 46. Guide plate; 5. Seaweed cultivation rack; 6. Wave power generation device; 61. Air chamber; 62. Sleeve; 63. First limit edge; 64. Magnetic column; 65. Liquid chamber; 66. Piston; 67. Second limit edge; 7. Plastic grid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0025] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0026] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "set" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, it can be fixedly connected or set, or it can be detachably connected or set, or connected or set in one piece. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances. The orientations or positional relationships indicated by the terms "lateral", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inside", "outside", etc. are based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, which are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0027] like Figure 1-4As shown, the present invention provides a method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish, which comprises: The aquaculture cage 4 is a cylindrical structure, and the aquaculture cage 4 is suspended below the buoyancy structure through a suspension structure. A plurality of partition plates are provided in the aquaculture cage 4 to separate the aquaculture cage 4 into a plurality of shellfish culture chambers 42 and a filling chamber 41. The shellfish culture chamber 42 is used for aquaculture of shellfish, and the filling chamber 41 is used for filling oyster shells. The guide structure includes a plurality of guide plates 46, which are arranged around the aquaculture cage 4. The guide plates 46 are in the shape of a right-angled trapezoid. The short bottom sides of the guide plates 46 are in contact with the edge of the cage. The guide plates 46 are at an angle of 45° along the water flow direction to form a spiral water flow path around the aquaculture cage 4. The seaweed cultivation rack 5 is arranged outside the cultivation cage 4 , and the seaweed cultivation rack 5 is a suspended seaweed cultivation rack 5 .

[0028] A partition is installed inside the cage to separate it into a shellfish culture chamber 42 and a filling chamber 41. The partition must be firmly installed to ensure the independence of each chamber. The spiral water flow path formed by the diversion structure can guide the water flow around the culture cage 4, promote water exchange, and fully renew the water in the culture cage 4, providing sufficient oxygen and nutrients for shellfish and seaweed 44, while taking away metabolic waste, which is conducive to the healthy growth of cultured organisms. The buoyancy structure can be an existing buoyancy structure such as a buoyancy structure of a buoyancy tube combination, an airbag buoyancy structure, or a foam buoyancy structure. The frame shape of the seaweed culture rack 5 can be designed as a regular hexagon, so that it can disperse the force more evenly in the water area and can better adapt to the impact of water flow in different directions. The sides of the frame are connected and fixed by special aluminum alloy connectors, and the connectors are combined with mortise and tenon and bolts to ensure the stability of the connection and facilitate installation and disassembly. The seaweed culture rack 5 can be suspended by a suspension component, that is, a spherical float with a diameter of 40-60 cm is installed at the six corners of the frame. The float is made of high-strength engineering plastics and filled with lightweight and buoyant foam material. The float is connected to the seaweed culture rack 5 by a stainless steel chain, and the length of the chain can be adjusted according to actual breeding needs to ensure that the suspension height of the culture rack on the water surface is appropriate. The seaweed culture rack 5 and the breeding net box 4 can be connected by a stainless steel telescopic rod with adjustable length as a connecting piece, and the two ends of the telescopic rod are respectively connected to the breeding net box 4 and the seaweed culture rack 5 through a universal joint. A connecting seat is installed in the middle of the side of the breeding net box 4 and the corresponding position of the seaweed culture rack 5 frame, and the telescopic rod is installed on the connecting seat. By adjusting the length of the telescopic rod, the distance and relative position between the seaweed culture rack 5 and the breeding net box 4 can be accurately controlled, and the spatial layout of the two can be firmly maintained, which is conducive to improving breeding efficiency and management convenience.

[0029] In another technical solution, the shellfish culture chamber 42 and the filling chamber 41 constitute a shellfish culture unit, and a plurality of shellfish culture units are stacked, and a spacer layer is provided between two adjacent shellfish culture units, and the height of the spacer layer is 15 cm. The spacer layer 45 can form a relatively independent and interconnected water flow channel between the shellfish culture chamber 42 and the filling chamber 41. During the breeding process, after the water flows into the breeding cage 4 through the diversion structure, a certain flow velocity difference and turbulence will be formed at the spacer layer 45, which is conducive to promoting the mixing and exchange of the water body. Compared with the situation where there is no spacer layer 45 or the spacer layer 45 is too narrow or too wide, the 15 cm spacer layer 45 can make the water flow more evenly distributed between the two chambers, provide more sufficient dissolved oxygen and fresh nutrients for shellfish, and take away metabolic waste in time, creating a good water environment for the growth of shellfish.

[0030] In another technical solution, if the cultured shellfish is a small shellfish, a net cage with a mesh size of 0.5-1 cm is selected in the initial stage of culture. When the size of the shellfish is close to 70% of the mesh size, it is replaced with a net cage with a mesh size of 1-2 cm in time; if the cultured shellfish is a large shellfish, a net cage with a mesh size of 3-5 cm is selected in the initial stage of culture. Subsequently, according to the growth of the shellfish, the mesh size is appropriately adjusted to 5-8 cm to maintain good water circulation. Controlling the mesh size of the culture cage 4 according to different types of shellfish can, on the one hand, prevent the shellfish from escaping and the harm to the shellfish by natural enemies; on the other hand, it can effectively maintain good water circulation in the culture cage 4, so as to provide sufficient dissolved oxygen and rich nutrients for the shellfish, and at the same time take away the metabolic waste of the shellfish, thereby improving the survival rate and growth quality of the shellfish, and thus improving the culture efficiency.

[0031] In another technical solution, the breeding cage 4 includes an inner cage and an outer cage, both of which are provided with long strip through holes, which are arranged in a circular array, and the length of the long strip through holes is 5-8 cm and the width is 1-2 cm. The outer cage can be rotatably fixed on the outer side of the inner cage; The outer net box is rotated so that its long strip through holes partially or completely overlap with the long strip through holes of the inner net box to form a water flow opening, so as to adjust the water flow entering the inner net box.

[0032] By rotating the outer cage so that its long strip through holes partially or completely overlap with the long strip through holes of the inner cage, the size of the water flow entering the inner cage can be precisely adjusted. When the water flow speed is fast, the overlapping area of ​​the through holes is reduced to make the water flow opening smaller, thereby avoiding damage to shellfish caused by excessive water flow impact and ensuring that shellfish grow in a relatively stable water flow environment. When the water flow speed is slow, the overlapping area of ​​the through holes is increased, the water flow opening is enlarged, water exchange is promoted, and sufficient dissolved oxygen and rich nutrients are provided for shellfish to meet the needs of shellfish growth. Shellfish have different requirements for water flow environment at different growth stages. In the early stage of breeding, young shellfish are weak and need a relatively gentle water flow environment. At this time, the outer cage can be adjusted to make the water flow opening smaller. As shellfish grow, their adaptability to water flow increases, and they need more dissolved oxygen and nutrients. At this time, the water flow opening can be appropriately increased to meet the changing needs of shellfish during growth and promote the healthy growth of shellfish. By controlling the water flow opening, the water body can be updated in time, the metabolic waste produced by shellfish can be taken away, the accumulation of harmful substances in the culture cage 4 can be reduced, the risk of water pollution can be reduced, a clean and healthy growth environment can be created for shellfish, and the immunity and disease resistance of shellfish can be improved. The farmer can adjust the water flow opening at any time according to different culture sea areas, seasonal changes and actual water flow conditions to adapt to various complex culture environments. Whether in open sea areas or in relatively closed bays, the culture conditions can be optimized in this way to improve the success rate and stability of culture. Controlling the size of the water flow can reduce the impact of the water flow on the culture cage 4 and other culture facilities, so as to protect the culture facilities and extend the service life of the culture facilities. For example, when encountering strong water flow or bad weather, by reducing the water flow opening, the pressure of the water flow on the cage can be reduced, the cage can be prevented from being damaged due to excessive force, and the maintenance and replacement costs of the culture facilities can be reduced.

[0033] In another technical solution, if the water flow speed is greater than 0.5 m / s, the water flow opening is adjusted to a length of 0.5-4 cm; if the water flow speed is less than 0.3 m / s, the opening is adjusted to a diameter of 3-8 cm; if the water flow speed is between 0.3-0.5 m / s, the opening is adjusted to a diameter of 3-8 cm. When the water flow speed is greater than 0.5 m / s, the water flow opening is adjusted to a length of 0.5-4 cm, which can effectively slow down the water flow speed entering the cage, avoid excessive water flow from impacting young mussels, enable them to feed and grow normally in a relatively stable water flow environment, and improve the survival rate of mussels. When the water flow speed is less than 0.3m / s, the water flow opening is increased to a diameter of 3-8 cm to increase the water exchange volume, bring more dissolved oxygen and plankton and other food sources to the mussels, meet the material conditions required for their growth, and promote the growth and development of mussels.

[0034] In another technical solution, the seaweed culture rack 5 comprises: Frame structure: The frame is constructed using high-strength, corrosion-resistant polyethylene pipes. The frame is in the shape of a regular hexagon. Each side of the frame is connected and fixed by a pipe connector. The frame structure is arranged outside the breeding cage 4, and the middle of the frame structure is connected to the buoyancy structure. Suspension device: floats are installed at the hexagons of the frame structure. The diameter of a single float is 30-50 cm. The floats are firmly connected to the frame through ropes or metal connectors. Among them, a seedling rope made of polypropylene is used with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm and a length determined according to the water depth of the culture rack. The seaweed 44 seedlings are evenly wound and fixed on the seedling rope, and then the two ends of the seedling rope are respectively fixed on the two end frames of the culture rack, so that the seedling rope is perpendicular to the water surface, providing sufficient space for the growth of seaweed 44.

[0035] Use a polypropylene seedling rope with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm. Determine the length according to the water depth of the breeding rack, evenly wind the kelp seedlings and fix them on the seedling rope, and make the seedling rope perpendicular to the water surface, providing sufficient vertical growth space for the kelp. During the growth process, the kelp can fully stretch and avoid blocking each other, ensuring that each kelp can get enough light for photosynthesis. In actual breeding, the kelp grown in this way has wider and thicker leaves, and the yield is 30% higher than that of the traditional method. It is of excellent quality and bright green color.

[0036] In another technical solution, a layer of plastic mesh 7 with a pore size of 5-10 cm is laid inside the culture frame to limit the range of movement of the seaweed 44 through the mesh to prevent it from drifting with the water flow. Laying the plastic mesh 7 can effectively limit the range of movement of the kelp, preventing it from drifting with the water flow and sticking to the surface of the culture cage 4 to affect the water exchange in the culture cage 4.

[0037] In another technical solution, the suspended seaweed culture rack 5 is arranged around the cage, and is kept at a distance of 1-2 m from the cage. Appropriate spacing is conducive to the smooth flow of water between the seaweed culture rack 5 and the culture cage 4. After the water flows into the culture cage 4 through the diversion structure, a circulation is formed between the two. On the one hand, it brings sufficient dissolved oxygen and plankton and other food to the shellfish, and on the other hand, it brings the metabolic waste produced by the shellfish to the seaweed 44 culture area, providing the nutrients needed for the growth of kelp. The oxygen produced by kelp through photosynthesis can be supplemented into the seawater, which promotes the material circulation and energy flow of the entire culture area and maintains a good ecological balance.

[0038] In another technical solution, the buoyancy structure includes a first buoyancy tube 1 and a plurality of second buoyancy tubes 2, wherein the first buoyancy tube 1 is a U-shaped structure, the second buoyancy tube 2 is connected to the vertical portion of the first buoyancy tube 1, the second buoyancy tube 2 is parallel to the horizontal portion of the first buoyancy tube 1, and the first buoyancy tube 1 is connected to the seabed through an anchoring structure 3; the second buoyancy tube 2 is communicated with the first buoyancy tube 1, and an inlet and outlet port and an inlet and outlet port are provided at the bottom of the first buoyancy tube 1, and an inlet and outlet pipe is provided at the inlet and outlet port, and the free end of the inlet and outlet pipe extends upward to the top of the first buoyancy tube 1, and the inlet and outlet pipe is connected to an external inflation and exhaust device; Among them, two parallel inlets and outlets are set on the inlet and outlet pipelines of the first buoyancy tube 1, and a small-aperture throttle valve and a large-aperture throttle valve are installed respectively. As the seaweed 44 grows and the seawater environment changes slowly, when the buoyancy needs to be fine-tuned, the operator observes the state of the seaweed 44 and the transparency of the seawater, and preliminarily determines the buoyancy adjustment amount; specifically, first operate the small-aperture throttle valve and slowly rotate its handle. Due to the small aperture, the gas flows out slowly, and the buoyancy tube sinks slowly. Each time the handle is rotated one grid, wait 20 seconds and observe the changes in the water level mark connected to the buoyancy tube; if the sinking amplitude is insufficient, continue to rotate the handle at a small angle until the aquaculture facility reaches a suitable water layer; when a high-amplitude buoyancy adjustment is required, the operator first opens the large-aperture throttle valve and rotates the handle to 50% of the opening. The gas flows into the buoyancy tube at a moderate speed, and the buoyancy tube begins to rise. The rising speed and position of the buoyancy tube are observed, 1 min later, if the rise is close to the expected level, close the large-aperture throttle valve. At this time, if the buoyancy still needs to be fine-tuned, operate the small-aperture throttle valve to slightly adjust the buoyancy so that the aquaculture facilities are stabilized in the appropriate water layer.

[0039] A small-aperture throttle valve and a large-aperture throttle valve are provided on the inlet and outlet pipes of the first buoyancy tube 1, and the operator can accurately control the buoyancy adjustment according to the growth of seaweed 44 and changes in the seawater environment. When making a large-scale buoyancy adjustment, first open the large-aperture throttle valve, rotate the handle to 50% opening, and the gas flows into the buoyancy tube at a moderate speed, which can quickly achieve the expected buoyancy adjustment effect. If the adjustment is excessive, fine-tuning can also be performed through the small-aperture throttle valve to avoid excessive floating or sinking of the aquaculture facilities due to improper operation, thereby reducing the operational risk. With the slow changes in the seawater environment such as tides, salinity, water temperature, etc., and the changes in weight and volume during the growth of seaweed 44, the buoyancy structure can be adjusted in time. When the depth of seawater changes due to tidal changes, the operator can adjust the buoyancy through the large and small aperture throttle valves according to the transparency of the seawater and the state of the seaweed 44, so that the aquaculture facilities can adapt to different seawater depths and ensure the normal growth of the cultured organisms. The second buoyancy tube 2 is connected to the first buoyancy tube 1, and the first buoyancy tube 1 in a U-shaped structure is connected to the seabed through an anchoring structure 3. This design enhances the stability of the buoyancy structure. In actual aquaculture, in the face of different currents, wind and waves, etc., the stable buoyancy structure can ensure that the aquaculture cage 4 and the seaweed culture rack 5 are always in a suitable position, reduce the shaking and displacement of the facilities caused by buoyancy changes, and provide a stable environment for the growth of mussels and kelp.

[0040] In another technical solution, the oyster shell is treated by the following method: soaking the oyster shell in a 1 M sodium hydroxide solution, neutralizing it with hydrochloric acid, washing it with water until it is neutral, drying it, and then calcining it at 800 ° C for 3 hours to form a porous structure on the surface of the oyster shell, soaking the oyster shell in a photosynthetic bacteria culture solution for 48 hours, and then taking it out and placing it in the filling cavity 41. The calcined oyster shell is soaked in a photosynthetic bacteria culture solution for 48 hours, so that a large number of photosynthetic bacteria are attached to the surface of the oyster shell. These photosynthetic bacteria can use light energy to photosynthesize in the aquaculture water body, produce oxygen, increase the dissolved oxygen content of the water body, and decompose organic matter in the water body to further improve the water quality. Photosynthetic bacteria can also be used as a natural bait for shellfish, providing rich nutrition for shellfish, promoting the growth of shellfish, and increasing their individual weight.

[0041] In another technical solution, a wave power generation device 6 and a lighting device are also included. The wave power generation device 6 is arranged outside the first buoyancy tube 1, and the lighting device is arranged in the aquaculture cage 4. The wave power generation device 6 is electrically connected to the lighting device to power the lighting device. The lighting device includes: A lamp sleeve 43 is arranged in the middle of the breeding cage 4 and is made of a transparent material; The light strip is sleeved in the light sleeve 43 and is connected to the wave power generation device 6 .

[0042] When shellfish is cultured as oysters, the light is weak due to the blocking of light by seaweed 44, which is not conducive to the oysters opening their mouths to eat. By adding light strips and enhancing the light, it can promote the oysters to open their mouths to eat and promote the growth of oysters. The light energy provided by the light strips can also promote the photosynthesis of photosynthetic bacteria and microalgae, providing sufficient food for oysters.

[0043] In another technical solution, the wave power generation device 6 comprises: An air chamber 61, whose vertical cross section is circular, and one end of the air chamber 61 is fixedly connected to the first buoyancy tube 1; The sleeve 62 is a cylindrical structure. The sleeve 62 is arranged at the other end of the air chamber 61. The sleeve 62 is connected to the air chamber 61. A coil is wound around the outer side of the sleeve 62. A magnetic column 64 is arranged inside the sleeve 62. A sealing ring is arranged on the magnetic column 64 so that the magnetic column 64 is tightly connected to the inner wall of the sleeve 62. The vertical cross-sectional area of ​​the sleeve 62 is smaller than the vertical cross-sectional area of ​​the air chamber 61. Both ends of the sleeve 62 are provided with a first limit edge 63 to limit the magnetic column 64 to slide inside the sleeve 62. The liquid chamber 65 is a cylindrical structure, the opening end of the liquid chamber 65 is provided with a second limit edge 67, a piston 66 is provided in the liquid chamber 65, and the sleeve 62 is connected to the side of the liquid chamber 65 away from the opening end; Among them, the air chamber 61 is filled with gas, and the liquid chamber 65 is filled with liquid; initially, under the action of the air pressure in the air chamber 61, the piston 66 is at the open end of the liquid chamber 65, and the magnetic column 64 is at the end of the sleeve 62 close to the liquid chamber 65; when the wave pushes the piston 66 to move toward the sleeve 62, the liquid in the liquid chamber 65 pushes the magnetic column 64 to move toward the air chamber 61, and the coil generates current. When the wave disappears, the air pressure in the air chamber 61 pushes the magnetic column 64 to move to the initial position toward the liquid chamber 65, and the liquid pushes the piston 66 to move to the initial position.

[0044] In this technical solution, on the one hand, the air chamber 61 can be used to increase buoyancy, and on the other hand, the kinetic energy of the waves can be converted into electrical energy to reduce the impact of the waves on the breeding cages 4, etc. The electrical energy can also provide light for the microalgae, promote the growth and reproduction of the microalgae to provide food for shellfish.

[0045] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes, and they can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to the specific details and the illustrations shown and described herein.

Claims

1. A method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish, characterized in that: include: A breeding cage is a cylindrical structure, the breeding cage is suspended below the buoyancy structure through a suspension structure, and a plurality of partition plates are arranged in the breeding cage to separate the breeding cage into a plurality of shellfish breeding chambers and filling chambers, the shellfish breeding chambers are used for breeding shellfish, and the filling chambers are used for filling oyster shells; The guide structure includes a plurality of guide plates, which are arranged around the aquaculture cage. The guide plates are in the shape of a right-angled trapezoid, and the short bottom sides of the guide plates are in contact with the edge of the cage and are 45 degrees along the water flow direction to form a spiral water flow path around the aquaculture cage; The seaweed cultivation rack is arranged outside the cultivation net cage, and the seaweed cultivation rack is a suspended seaweed cultivation rack.

2. The method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shellfish culture cavity and the filling cavity constitute a shellfish culture unit. A plurality of shellfish culture units are stacked and arranged. A spacing layer is arranged between two adjacent shellfish culture units. The height of the spacing layer is 15 cm.

3. The method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: If the farmed shellfish are small shellfish, choose cages with 0.5-1 cm mesh in the early stage of farming. When the size of the shellfish is close to 70% of the mesh size, replace them with cages with 1-2 cm mesh in time. If the farmed shellfish are large shellfish, choose cages with 3-5 cm mesh in the early stage of farming. Later, according to the growth of the shellfish, adjust the mesh to 5-8 cm to maintain good water circulation.

4. The method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish according to claim 3, characterized in that: The breeding cage includes an inner cage and an outer cage, both of which are provided with long strip through holes, which are arranged in a circular array, and the length of the long strip through holes is 5-8 cm and the width is 1-2 cm. The outer cage can be rotatably fixed on the outer side of the inner cage; The outer net box is rotated so that its long strip through holes partially or completely overlap with the long strip through holes of the inner net box to form a water flow opening, so as to adjust the water flow entering the inner net box.

5. The method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish according to claim 4, characterized in that: If the water flow speed is greater than 0.5 m / s, adjust the water flow opening to a length of 0.5-4 cm; if the water flow speed is less than 0.3 m / s, adjust the opening to a diameter of 3-8 cm; if the water flow speed is between 0.3-0.5 m / s, adjust the opening to a diameter of 3-8 cm.

6. The method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The seaweed cultivation rack comprises: Frame structure: The frame is constructed with high-strength, corrosion-resistant polyethylene pipes. The frame is in the shape of a regular hexagon. Each side of the frame is connected and fixed by a pipe connector. The frame structure is arranged outside the aquaculture cage, and the middle of the frame structure is connected to the buoyancy structure. Suspension device: floats are installed at the hexagons of the frame structure. The diameter of a single float is 30-50 cm. The floats are firmly connected to the frame through ropes or metal connectors. Among them, a seedling rope made of polypropylene is used with a diameter of 0.5-1 cm and a length determined according to the water depth of the culture rack. The seaweed seedlings are evenly wound and fixed on the seedling rope, and then the two ends of the seedling rope are respectively fixed on the two end frames of the culture rack, so that the seedling rope is perpendicular to the water surface, providing sufficient space for the growth of seaweed.

7. The method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish according to claim 6, characterized in that: A layer of plastic mesh with a hole diameter of 5-10 cm is laid inside the culture frame to limit the movement range of seaweed and prevent it from drifting away with the water flow.

8. The method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish according to claim 6, characterized in that: The suspended seaweed culture racks are set around the cages, keeping a distance of 1-2 m from the cages.

9. The method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The buoyancy structure comprises a first buoyancy tube and a plurality of second buoyancy tubes, wherein the first buoyancy tube is a U-shaped structure, the second buoyancy tube is connected to the vertical portion of the first buoyancy tube, the second buoyancy tube is parallel to the horizontal portion of the first buoyancy tube, and the first buoyancy tube is connected to the seabed through an anchoring structure; the second buoyancy tube is communicated with the first buoyancy tube, an inlet and outlet port and an inlet and outlet port are provided at the bottom of the first buoyancy tube, an inlet and outlet pipe is provided at the inlet and outlet port, the free end of the inlet and outlet pipe extends upward to the top of the first buoyancy tube, and the inlet and outlet pipe is connected to an external inflation and exhaust device; Among them, two parallel inlets and outlets are set on the inlet and outlet pipes of the first buoyancy tube, and a small-aperture throttle valve and a large-aperture throttle valve are installed respectively. As the seaweed grows and the seawater environment changes slowly, when the buoyancy needs to be fine-tuned, the operator observes the state of the seaweed and the transparency of the seawater to preliminarily judge the buoyancy adjustment amount; specifically, first operate the small-aperture throttle valve and slowly rotate its handle. Due to the small aperture, the gas flows out slowly, and the buoyancy tube sinks slowly. Each time the handle is rotated one grid, wait 20 seconds and observe the changes in the water level mark connected to the buoyancy tube; if the sinking amplitude is insufficient, continue to rotate the handle at a small angle until the aquaculture facility reaches a suitable water layer; when a high-amplitude buoyancy adjustment is required, the operator first opens the large-aperture throttle valve and rotates the handle to 50% opening. The gas flows into the buoyancy tube at a moderate speed, and the buoyancy tube begins to rise. The rising speed and position of the buoyancy tube are observed, 1 min later, if the rise is close to the expected level, close the large-aperture throttle valve. At this time, if the buoyancy still needs to be fine-tuned, operate the small-aperture throttle valve to slightly adjust the buoyancy so that the aquaculture facilities are stabilized in the appropriate water layer.

10. The method for integrated three-dimensional cultivation of seaweed and shellfish according to claim 1, characterized in that: The oyster shells were treated by the following method: the oyster shells were immersed in 1 M sodium hydroxide solution, neutralized with hydrochloric acid, washed with water until neutral, dried, and then calcined at 800 °C for 3 h to form a porous structure on the surface of the oyster shells. The oyster shells were immersed in photosynthetic bacteria culture medium for 48 h and then taken out and placed in the filling cavity.

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