EAM ecological module construction method suitable for ecological restoration of shallow reef coral reef

Abstract

The invention discloses an EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef coral reef ecological restoration, and the method comprises the following steps: a monomer matrix block body manufacturing step: the monomer matrix block body is made of a porous material, and adopts a plane square brick structure with an unmodified surface; a frame algae preliminary planting step, wherein frame algae are preliminarily planted on each monomer matrix block; and an intermediate cultivation step: after frame algae is preliminarily planted on each monomer matrix block, performing intermediate cultivation on the frame algae to obtain a monomer matrix block algae mat plaque for planting the frame algae, and performing combined bottom sowing fixation on the monomer matrix blocks for planting the frame algae on the surface of the reef reef restoration area substrate to form the algae mat plaque. And constructing a basic framework of the EAM ecological module. The coral reef ecological restoration method has the technical characteristic of being convenient for large-scale application, and can be combined with the existing coral reef ecological restoration technology and method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a coral reef ecological restoration technology, and in particular to an EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration. Background Art

[0002] There are many types of benthic algae in coral reef ecosystems, which can be divided into three major functional groups according to their morphology and function: epilithic algal matrix (EAM), crustose coralline algae (CCA) and macroalgae. Changes in benthic algae communities will not only affect the growth and reproduction of corals, but also affect the material transfer and recycling of coral reef ecosystems, thereby affecting key ecological functions such as the structure of the coral reef food web, biodiversity and biological resource output. EAM is a low mat-like community (<5 cm) that grows on the surface of a hard substrate and is interwoven by a variety of short filamentous algae. It includes multiple components such as small algae, small invertebrates and sediments. EAM is usually the first benthic community to colonize on blank substrates or dead coral skeletons. Within 4 weeks, the algal mat can become the dominant community in the attached substrate. Therefore, the pioneer community represented by the algal mat plays a key role in the succession of benthic communities. EAM accounts for about 30-70% of the reef surface area of ​​coral reefs. It has the characteristics of high productivity and fast turnover, contributing about 28% of the total production and almost all of the net production. It is an important source of primary production in coral reef ecosystems. It is also a food source for many reef-dwelling organisms such as herbivorous fish, detritus-feeding fish and small carnivorous fish. Therefore, EAM has a significant impact on key processes in coral reef ecosystems, such as coral larvae recruitment, benthic productivity, herbivorous diversity and biomass, and plays an important role in coral reef ecosystems. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned prior art and provide an EAM ecological module construction method suitable for the ecological restoration of shallow reef flats coral reefs, which has the technical characteristics of being easy to apply on a large scale and can be combined with existing coral reef ecological restoration technologies and methods.

[0004] To achieve the above object, the technical solution of the present invention is:

[0005] An EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration, comprising:

[0006] The monomer matrix block is made of porous material and has a flat square brick structure without surface modification;

[0007] A preliminary colonization step of colonizing framework algae, wherein framework algae are initially colonized on each of the monomeric matrix blocks;

[0008] In the intermediate cultivation step, after each of the monomer matrix blocks is initially planted with framework algae, the framework algae is intermediately cultivated until new runners are grown and attached to the matrix blocks by rhizomes, and short and branched upright stems are differentiated to grow upward along the runners, forming a plurality of framework algae runners that expand laterally and weave into a mat-like structure, thereby obtaining a monomer matrix block planted with framework algae.

[0009] In the step of forming algae mat patches, monomer matrix blocks of colonized framework algae are combined and fixed on the base surface of the reef restoration area to form algae mat patches to construct the basic framework of the EAM ecological module.

[0010] Optionally, the surface porosity of the monomer matrix block is 30%-50%, the internal porosity is greater than 20%, and the pore size is 40-300 μm.

[0011] Optionally, the thickness of the monomer matrix block is greater than 5 cm, and the shape is rectangular or square.

[0012] Optionally, insertion holes are reserved on two sides or four corners of the monomer matrix block.

[0013] Optionally, the area of ​​the algae mat patch is >10m 2 The coverage of algae mat patches constructed by EAM ecological modules in the restoration area reached 20-30%

[0014] Optionally, in the algae mat patch formation step, the gap between two adjacent monomer matrix blocks is less than <30 cm and combined bottom seeding and fixation is performed on the base surface of the reef flat restoration area.

[0015] Optionally, the EAM ecological module includes three parts: algae, invertebrates and sediments, and the three parts are combined to perform ecological functions; the monomer matrix block is combined with bottom seeding and fixed on the base surface of the reef restoration area, and then a temporary protective mesh cover is added to the surface of the monomer matrix block.

[0016] Optionally, the protective mesh cover maintains a distance of 2 to 4 cm from the surface of the monomer matrix block.

[0017] Optionally, the aperture of the protective mesh cover is 10-15 mm.

[0018] Optionally, the method of intermediate cultivation of the framework algae includes: placing the monomer matrix blocks of the preliminary colonized framework algae on a hollow plane support in a shore-based / indoor culture tank for intermediate cultivation; the effective water depth during the cultivation period should be maintained at 20cm-30cm; among the water quality parameters, the nutrients are controlled within the range of: phosphate <0.03ppm, ammonia <0.1ppm, nitrate <0.25ppm, nitrite <0.05ppm; the light intensity should reach 24000lx~18000lx; the water circulation volume of the cultivation water body per hour should reach 4-6 times of the total water body, and a flow pump or wave pump should be configured in the tank to ensure the water flow intensity in the tank; the suitable water temperature for cultivation should be controlled at 21~30℃, and the threshold temperature is 30.5~31.5℃.

[0019] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The EAM ecological module construction method for the ecological restoration of shallow reef flats provided in this embodiment mainly adopts cultivation, bottom seeding fixation and tending technology, which is suitable for the ecological restoration of shallow reef flats, hard coral reef rocks and debris bottom areas affected by strong hydrodynamic effects, and can restore the biodiversity of the coral community in the damaged coral reef ecosystem that is difficult to colonize and restore the area, accelerate the formation of benthic communities and quickly improve primary productivity, and provide food sources and benthic environments for settling and foraging for small reef-dwelling fish, invertebrates and medium and large reef-dwelling fish larvae. The EAM ecological module has the technical characteristics of being easy to apply on a large scale, can be combined with existing coral reef ecological restoration technologies and methods, and a gradient composite restoration model is formed according to the environmental suitability of water depth and framework organisms, which is suitable for the restoration of coral reef ecosystems in tropical and subtropical islands and reefs and bay areas. The EAM ecological module constructed by adopting this method can form a production algae mat that is conducive to the attachment and development of other benthic groups such as calcareous algae and coral larvae, that is, a stable state of coexistence of corals and shorter production algae mats is formed in the restoration area, and the algae mat is controlled to change to a saturated algae mat and a large algae community. When the algal mat changes from a production type to a saturated type, the saturated algal mat will not return to the production type even if there are a large number of herbivorous animals.

[0021] Since the EAM ecological module of this application is mainly composed of three parts: algae, invertebrates and sediments, and the coral reef area to be restored in this application is a typical oligotrophic sea area, the algal community on the EAM ecological module is usually nutrient-limited. The addition of small invertebrates and the feeding of medium and large herbivorous organisms mediated by the ecological module can control its transformation to saturated algal mats and large algal communities. The addition of small benthic invertebrates improves the transfer of organic carbon from the EAM ecological module to the upper trophic levels. The coarse-grained debris (>60μm) in the enriched sediments can enhance the internal spatial heterogeneity, thereby increasing the habitat availability of small benthic animals; while the fine-grained debris is rich in amorphous organic matter and is an important food source for many small benthic animals. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] Figure 1 A flow chart of the EAM ecological module construction method suitable for ecological restoration of shallow reef flats and coral reefs provided in an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] Example:

[0024] The technical solution of the present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0025] See also Figure 1 As shown, the EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration provided in this embodiment mainly includes the following steps:

[0026] The monomer matrix block is made of porous material and has a flat square brick structure without surface modification;

[0027] In the specific implementation, since the substrate factors of the monomer matrix block can significantly affect the characteristics of the algae mat population, the low-complexity and porous flat substrate is conducive to the reproduction and growth of the algae mat and the enrichment of sediments. The population characteristics and productivity of the algae mat are greatly related to the substrate. The high variability of the algae mat community at a small scale (centimeter) shows the influence of substrate factors on the structure of the algae mat population. To this end, in the embodiment of the present application, the monomer matrix block is made of porous materials suitable for the rapid colonization and growth of framework algae in the algae mat, and a flat square brick structure with no surface modification is adopted. The matrix block material is made of environmentally friendly materials such as kaolin, alumina and calcium carbonate through a high-temperature sintering process. The blocks made of calcium carbonate can achieve higher porosity and pore size indicators, but the powdering rate is also higher. In order to ensure the structural strength and ease of use of the matrix block, the block thickness should be >5cm, and the shape should be rectangular or square. The size of this application is 25cm×30cm×6cm. According to the size of the matrix block, 2 to 4 blocks are reserved on both sides or four corners of the block. The screw insertion hole is used for subsequent bottom seeding fixation. The porosity of the matrix block should be controlled within the range of 30%-50% surface porosity and >20% internal porosity, and the pore size should be controlled within the range of 40-300μm, preferably 100-200μm. The higher the porosity and pore size indicators, the lower the structural strength of the matrix block will be, and the loss rate of subsequent operations will also increase.

[0028] A preliminary colonization step of colonizing framework algae, wherein framework algae are initially colonized on each of the monomeric matrix blocks;

[0029] In the specific implementation, the framework algae makes EMA stable, which is mainly divided into the following 4 types:

[0030] (1) Pioneer / film-covered algal mats: The first to colonize exposed substrates or dead coral skeletons are usually fast-growing filamentous green algae and cyanobacteria, which belong to the "pioneer group" and are "immature algal communities". They are mostly film-like or short filamentous in morphology. They include short-lived cyanobacteria of the genus Mastigocoleus and the genus Phaeophila of the phylum Chlorophyta, as well as the long-lived green algae of the genus Ostreobium.

[0031] (2) Production / turf algal mats: Algal mats are usually short (<5 mm), sparse and low in sediment load in healthy coral reefs and areas of high herbivorous activity. The composition is dominated by species of the genera Padina, Polysiphonia, Corallina and Dichothrix.

[0032] (3) Saturated / high-sediment algae mats: Suspended solids entering the system increase and herbivorous activity decreases. The framework algae in the algae mats grow rapidly and become longer. The sediment load in the algae mats increases, which inhibits the feeding activity of herbivorous animals. The height is generally >5mm, and the sediment load is >200gm -2 Sediment-rich saturated algal mats are not a transitional state for the recovery of macroalgae or corals, but rather a relatively stable state. Algal mats that are already saturated do not have the potential to evolve into macroalgal communities.

[0033] (4) Variant / calcareous algae mats: The framework species of the algae mats are generally soft filamentous algae, so the height of the algae mats is generally less than 5 cm, but some algae mats composed of special framework algae have a larger group height.

[0034] In the embodiment of the present application, each monomer matrix block can be colonized with 2 to 3 kinds of framework algae, which can be divided into resident species (tolerant species) and temporary species (sensitive species) according to the temporal and spatial composition rules. Common species of production algae mats and resident species (tolerant species) should be selected as framework algae, and the number of framework algae in each repaired algae mat patch should be controlled to be less than 6. It is also necessary to refer to the algae resource data of the repaired sea area or conduct on-site ecological surveys to finally determine the specific EAM ecological module construction species to avoid the introduction of foreign algae species.

[0035] The algae components of the algae mat include small-sized stages of large algae (such as reproductive bodies or gametophytes), adults of small algae (such as single-seriate and filamentous forms), and microalgae colonies visible to the naked eye (such as diatoms and cyanobacteria). Most of these framework algae are filamentous algae with stolons that can reproduce asexually. These algae bodies gather into mat-like structures due to differences in the environment. For example, framework algae include Sphacelaria, Dichothrix, Hypnea, Pringsheimiella and other production-type algae mat species. Cut 4 to 6 cm 2 Algae scalp or 5-8cm runners are fixed on the surface of the monomer matrix block by bundling or gluing (Alon gel), and the rhizomes produced by the runners are attached and planted on the matrix block after cultivation. Some small algae that are difficult to peel and cut directly can be first mediated to fix on small tiles, and then glued to the matrix block as a whole after being fixed and stabilized on the tiles. The initial fixed algae scalp or algae body accounts for less than 20% of the surface area of ​​the matrix block, which reserves space for the subsequent framework algae to expand horizontally and weave into a mat-like algae mat.

[0036] In the intermediate cultivation step, after each of the monomer matrix blocks is initially colonized with framework algae, the framework algae is intermediately cultivated until new runners are grown and attached to the matrix blocks by rhizomes, and short and branched upright stems are differentiated to grow upward along the runners, forming a variety of framework algae runners that expand laterally and weave into a mat-like structure, so as to obtain a monomer matrix block colonized with framework algae.

[0037] In practice, as an important substrate cover of coral reefs, the abundance and distribution of EAM are affected by a series of biotic and abiotic factors, including light, temperature, nutrients, sediments, depth, herbivorous activity, etc.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present application, after the monomer matrix block is initially colonized with framework algae, it is placed with the framework algae colonization side facing upward on a hollow plane support in a large shore-based / indoor culture tank for intermediate cultivation until new runners are grown and attached to the matrix block by rhizomes, and short and branched upright stems are differentiated to grow upward along the runners, forming a variety of framework algae runners that expand laterally and are woven into a mat-like structure.

[0039] The shore-based intermediate culture tank can adopt a long-flow water system or a circulating water system. If the concentration of suspended particulate matter in the original sea area is high, the seawater in the original sea area extracted by the long-flow water system must undergo preliminary sedimentation and filtration treatment to reduce the concentration of suspended particulate matter in the culture water body and reduce the enrichment of sediments of framework algae and matrix blocks. During the cultivation period, the effective water depth should be maintained at 20cm-30cm; among the water quality parameters, nutrients should be controlled within the range of: phosphate <0.03ppm, ammonia <0.1ppm, nitrate <0.25ppm, and nitrite <0.05ppm; the light intensity should reach 24000lx~18000lx; the water circulation volume of the cultivation water body per hour should reach 4-6 times that of the total water body, and a flow pump or wave pump should be installed in the water tank to ensure the water flow intensity in the water tank, avoid the formation of dead water areas and sediment debris accumulation areas, and reduce the impact of sediment resuspension and local water quality fluctuations; the suitable water temperature for cultivation should be controlled at 21~30℃, and the threshold temperature is 30.5~31.5℃.

[0040] During the intermediate cultivation process, attention should be paid to changes in algae morphological characteristics. If the height of the algae mat increases to >5mm, or the algae become mature and large, the algae should be trimmed and removed, and the cultivation environment parameters should be adjusted. Methods include increasing the water flow intensity in the tank, reducing the concentration of nutrients, and controlling the sediment load to <10gm -2 The unaffected part can grow rapidly and reoccupy the space through vegetative reproduction. When the coverage of the frame algae on the substrate block reaches 35-40%, the shore-based cultivation stage is completed and it can be used in the subsequent restoration operation steps of bottom seeding and planting in the wild sea area.

[0041] In the step of forming algae mat patches, monomer matrix blocks of colonized framework algae are combined and fixed on the base surface of the reef restoration area to form algae mat patches to construct the basic framework of the EAM ecological module.

[0042] In specific implementation, the sea area to be restored by EAM ecological module should be selected in the oligotrophic coral reef sea area with a depth of less than 2m, shallow reef flats affected by strong hydrodynamic effects, and low sediment load (threshold <100gm -2 ) area. The EAM ecological module can be combined with other ecological restoration technologies to repair damaged coral reef areas, accelerate the transition of pioneer / film-covered algae mats in shallow reef flats to productive algae mats, promote the formation of a stable state of coexistence of productive algae mats with shorter algae and corals in the restoration area, and control the transition to saturated algae mats and large algae communities by promoting the formation of benthic grazing food chains, effectively reducing the intensity of niche competition between algae and restored coral colonies.

[0043] The monomer matrix blocks of the algae planted in the framework can be transported in water tanks or out of water according to the distance to the restoration sea area. The out of water transportation time must be controlled within 6 hours, and the area must be shaded and moisturized and not exposed to the sun. The water tank transportation must be equipped with oxygen supply or water circulation equipment to maintain the stability of water quality during transportation. During transportation, the modules cannot be stacked directly to avoid damaging the algae. The monomer matrix blocks can be placed horizontally in a plastic frame in a single layer to protect them and then stacked to make full use of the cargo space. When transporting in water tanks, a porous permeable plastic frame must be used to ensure normal water flow.

[0044] The monomer matrix block is connected and fixed to the base of the restoration area with stainless steel / galvanized expansion bolts. According to the reserved holes in the monomer matrix block, use an underwater impact drill to drill holes on the base, then dock with the holes in the monomer matrix block and insert the screw to fix it. Depending on the type of substrate, 200-250mm expansion bolts are suitable for coral reef rock substrates, and 300-350mm expansion bolts are suitable for debris substrates. In this way, the planting frame algae monomer module is combined and fixed on the surface of the base of the reef flat restoration area to form a large area of ​​algae mat patches, which is the basic framework for constructing the EAM ecological module. The area of ​​a single algae mat patch is >10m 2 The coverage of algal mat patches constructed by EAM ecological modules in the restoration area should reach 20-30%, which can provide a highly complex habitat structure for various small invertebrates and larvae.

[0045] The interval between each single module should not be too large. If the interval is too wide, it will affect the integrity and connectivity of the EAM ecological module, the formation and stability of its ecological functions, and reduce the support for the abundance of small invertebrate groups. In order to avoid the formation of isolated single modules, this application controls the layout interval between modules to <30cm based on the size of the single module.

[0046] The EAM ecological module includes small algae, small invertebrates and sediments. After the monomer module is fixed by bottom seeding, it needs to be ecologically nurtured to promote the formation and stability of the EAM algae mat system. The target coral reef area for restoration in this application is a typical oligotrophic sea area, so the algae community on the EAM ecological module is usually nutrient-limited. The addition of small invertebrates and the ingestion of medium and large herbivorous organisms mediated by the ecological module can control its transformation to saturated algae mats and large algae communities. After the monomer module is fixed by bottom seeding, a temporary protective mesh cover needs to be added on it. The mesh cover needs to completely wrap the exposed surface of the monomer module and keep a distance of 2 to 4 cm from the upper surface to not affect the growth of the frame algae. It can be made of metal or plastic. The mesh cover is tied and fixed to the monomer module with a cable tie. The mesh cover has an aperture of 10 to 15 mm, which can prevent the slow growth rate and density of the frame algae in the early stage of bottom seeding from being excessively eaten by medium and large herbivorous fish and benthic invertebrates, and can also ensure the addition, settlement and sediment capture of small benthic invertebrate animals.

[0047] The addition of small benthic invertebrates improves the transfer of organic carbon from the EAM ecological module to the upper trophic levels. The coarse-grained debris (>60μm) in the enriched sediments can enhance the internal spatial heterogeneity, thereby increasing the habitat availability of small benthic animals; while the fine-grained debris is rich in amorphous organic matter and is an important food source for many small benthic animals. After 20 to 30 days of ecological care, the temporary protective net can be removed after the EAM system is stabilized.

[0048] Algal mats are a type of high-yield and nutrient-rich resource, and are an important food source for herbivorous and detritus-feeding organisms in coral reef areas. Reef-dwelling organisms have evolved different feeding mechanisms in their long-term interactions with reef epiphytic algal mats, and can utilize a variety of food resources. The EAM ecological module of the present application has a high level of primary productivity, which can support multiple key nutritional pathways in coral reef ecosystems, such as grazing food chains mediated by herbivorous fish; restore the biodiversity of areas where coral communities are difficult to colonize and restore in damaged coral reef ecosystems, accelerate the formation of benthic communities, and provide food sources and benthic environments for settlement and foraging for small reef-dwelling fish, invertebrates, and larvae of medium and large reef-dwelling fish.

[0049] In summary, the EAM ecological module construction method for the ecological restoration of shallow reef flats and coral reefs provided in this embodiment mainly adopts cultivation, bottom seeding fixation and tending technology, which is suitable for the ecological restoration of shallow reef flats, hard coral reef rocks and debris bottom areas affected by strong hydrodynamic effects, and can restore the biodiversity of the damaged coral reef ecosystem where coral communities are difficult to colonize and restore areas, accelerate the formation of benthic communities and quickly improve primary productivity, and provide food sources and benthic environments for settlement and foraging for small reef-dwelling fish, invertebrates and fry of medium and large reef-dwelling fish. The EAM ecological module has technical characteristics that are easy to apply on a large scale, and can be combined with existing coral reef ecological restoration technologies and methods to form a gradient composite restoration model according to the water depth and the environmental suitability of the framework organisms, which is suitable for the restoration of coral reef ecosystems in tropical and subtropical islands and reefs and bay waters. The EAM ecological module constructed by this method can form a productive algae mat that is conducive to the attachment and development of other benthic groups such as calcareous algae and coral larvae, that is, a stable state of coexistence of corals and shorter productive algae mats is formed in the restoration area, and the transformation of algae mats to saturated algae mats and large algae communities is controlled. When the algae mat changes from a productive type to a saturated type, even if there are a large number of herbivorous animals, the saturated algae mat will not return to a productive type.

[0050] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable ordinary technicians in the field to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent changes or modifications made based on the essence of the content of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for constructing an EAM ecological module suitable for ecological restoration of shallow reef flats and coral reefs, characterized in that: include: The monomer matrix block is made of porous material and has a flat square brick structure without surface modification; A preliminary colonization step of colonizing framework algae, wherein framework algae are initially colonized on each of the monomeric matrix blocks; an intermediate cultivation step, after each of the monomeric matrix blocks is initially colonized with framework algae, the framework algae is intermediately cultivated until new runners are grown and attached to the matrix blocks by rhizomes, and short and branched upright stems are differentiated to grow upward along the runners, forming a plurality of framework algae runners that expand laterally and weave into a mat-like structure, thereby obtaining a monomeric matrix block colonized with framework algae; In the step of forming algae mat patches, monomer matrix blocks of colonized framework algae are combined and fixed on the base surface of the reef restoration area to form algae mat patches to construct the basic framework of the EAM ecological module.

2. The EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The surface porosity of the monomer matrix block is 30%-50%, the internal porosity is greater than 20%, and the pore size is 40-300 μm; the thickness of the monomer matrix block is greater than 5 cm, and the shape is rectangular or square; insertion holes are reserved on the two sides or four corners of the monomer matrix block.

3. The EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The framework algae are production-type algae mats.

4. The EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: Each of the monomer matrix blocks is colonized with 2 to 3 species of framework algae, and common species and resident species of production algae mats are selected as framework algae. The number of framework algae in each patch of restored algae mat is controlled to be less than 6 species.

5. The EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The area of ​​the algae mat patch is >10m 2， The coverage of algal mat patches constructed by EAM ecological modules in the restoration area reached 20-30%.

6. The EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: In the algae mat patch formation step, the gap between two adjacent monomer matrix blocks is less than <30 cm and combined bottom seeding and fixation are performed on the base surface of the reef flat restoration area.

7. The EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: The EAM ecological module includes three parts: algae, invertebrates and sediments, which are combined to perform ecological functions; the monomer matrix block is combined with bottom seeding and fixed on the base surface of the reef flat restoration area, and then a temporary protective net cover is added to the surface of the monomer matrix block.

8. The EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration as claimed in claim 7 is characterized in that: The protective mesh cover maintains a distance of 2 to 4 cm from the surface of the monomer matrix block.

9. The EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration as described in claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The aperture of the protective mesh cover is 10-15 mm.

10. The EAM ecological module construction method suitable for shallow reef flat coral reef ecological restoration according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for intermediate cultivation of the framework algae includes: placing the monomer matrix block of the preliminary colonized framework algae on a hollow plane support in a shore-based / indoor cultivation tank for intermediate cultivation; the effective water depth during the cultivation period should be maintained at 20cm-30cm; among the water quality parameters, the nutrient salts are controlled within the range of: phosphate <0.03ppm, ammonia <0.1ppm, nitrate <0.25ppm, and nitrite <0.05ppm; the light intensity should reach 24000lx~18000lx; the water circulation volume of the cultivation water body per hour should reach 4-6 times of the total water body, and a flow pump or a wave pump should be configured in the tank to ensure the water flow intensity in the tank; the suitable water temperature for cultivation should be controlled at 21~30℃, and the threshold temperature is 30.5~31.5℃.

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