An attractant for the northern bark beetle of hazelnut gardens and its application.

Abstract

The present application relates to a kind of forest protection technical field, and is to solve the problem that there is no plant source attractant for effectively controlling the northern hairy chestnut bark beetle in the prior art.The active component of the attractant of the present application is composed of one or more of a-pinene, beta-caryophyllene and aggregation pheromone (S) -(-) - Ipsenol, (S) - (+) - Ipsidienol, and the mass fraction ratio of active component is (0.01-0.1) :(0.03-0.3) :(0.05-0.3) :(0.02-0.5).The carrier loaded with the attractant is placed in the trap and hung in the area where the northern hairy chestnut bark beetle occurs or may occur, 1.8 m away from the ground, to trap the northern hairy chestnut bark beetle.The attractant of the present application is applied to insect situation prediction and prediction, and a large number of trapping, to achieve the ideal effect of green prevention and control of the northern hairy chestnut bark beetle in the hazel garden.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of forest protection technology, and more specifically, to a plant-derived attractant for the bark beetle, a stem borer in hazelnut orchards, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] The northern bark beetle (Curculio dieckmanni) is a major borer of hazelnut trees. After finding a suitable host, the beetle typically bores into the plant through newly sprouted buds, damaged areas, or untreated pruning cuts to establish new tunnels for cultivating fungi and laying eggs. The northern bark beetle prefers light and warmth, and most often bores into damaged phloem areas, lateral buds, and young lateral branches; however, it can also enter through undamaged areas. Once inside, the beetle builds a ring of tunnels around the phloem of the hazelnut plant, thus blocking the transport of nutrients and water to the entire hazelnut or trunk. Within a short period, the hazelnut leaves will show obvious yellowing and drying, eventually leading to death. This seriously affects the cultivation and management of hazelnut trees as a valuable economic species. However, in China, the extensive economic development model has led to the primary use of chemical pesticides in controlling the bark beetle (Leymus chinensis) in hazelnut orchards by grassroots production units. This results in high pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and compromised food and drug safety. With economic development, people are paying increasing attention to food and drug safety, and the growing adverse effects of chemical pesticide use are causing distrust and even loss of confidence in domestic pharmaceuticals and food safety. Therefore, humans are gradually shifting from chemical control to biological control, exploring sustainable control methods.

[0003] Specific organic compounds released by host plants play a crucial role in regulating many interactions among organisms in nature, such as those between herbivorous insects and their natural enemies. Herbivorous insects can sense these volatile chemical messengers within a certain range to locate and select hosts and oviposition sites. Each plant releases volatile chemicals that convey general and specific information about its identity and physiological state. Typically, herbivorous insects can only detect a portion of plant volatiles to meet their survival needs, as exemplified by species such as the longhorn beetle *Anoplophora glabripennis*, the mulberry longhorn beetle *Apriona germari*, and the grape weevil *Otiorhynchus sulcatus*. Studies have shown that plant volatiles can be used as plant-derived attractants for the control of herbivorous insects. Individual volatiles such as dibutyl phthalate, cinnamaldehyde, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, linalool, and 1-hexanol all have an attraction effect on the North China black beetle. However, when the volatiles of several individual products are mixed in different proportions, they show a stronger attraction effect. For example, the mixtures of dibutyl phthalate + cinnamaldehyde + cis-3-hexenyl acetate (content / mg: 11.1+33.3+100.0), dibutyl phthalate + linalool + cis-3-hexenyl acetate (content / mg: 11.1+100.0+100.0), and 1-hexanol + cis-3-hexenyl acetate + cis-3-hexenyl isobutyrate (content / mg: 33.3+100.0+300.0) all showed significant attraction effects. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is:

[0005] There is a lack of plant-derived attractants in the current technology for effectively controlling the bark beetle, a stem borer in hazelnut orchards.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows:

[0007] The inventors conducted scientific experiments on the hazelnut borer *Bartholinium hainanense* and found that damaged hazelnut branches have a significant attraction effect on this pest, which is significantly higher than that on healthy hazelnut branches. The reason for this is that the adult *Bartholinium hainanense* invades through the damaged area or near the damaged area, thus damage to the branches has a strong attraction effect on this pest. Therefore, the inventors screened the effective attractant components in the damaged hazelnut branches and trunks through electrophysiological and olfactory bioassays, and further clarified the components and proportions that attract the northern bark beetle, a wood-boring pest in hazelnut orchards, after hazelnut damage. They provided an attractant for the northern bark beetle in hazelnut orchards, wherein the active component of the attractant is composed of one or more of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and aggregation pheromones (S)-(-)-bark-enol and (S)-(+)-bark-dienol.

[0008] Furthermore, the active component of the attractant is composed of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and aggregation pheromones (S)-(-)-berberine alcohol and (S)-(+)-berberine dienool, with a mass ratio of (0.01-0.1):(0.03-0.3):(0.05-0.3):(0.02-0.5).

[0009] Furthermore, the active component of the attractant is composed of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and aggregation pheromones (S)-(-)-berberine alcohol and (S)-(+)-berberine dienool, with a mass ratio of (0.015~0.07):(0.04~0.24):(0.055~0.24):(0.025~0.1).

[0010] Furthermore, the active component of the attractant is composed of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and aggregation pheromones (S)-(-)-berberine alcohol and (S)-(+)-berberine dienool, with a mass ratio of 0.07:0.24:0.18:0.05.

[0011] Furthermore, the attractant is a solution containing an active component, and the solvent of the solution is a volatile solvent.

[0012] The volatile solvent is selected from n-hexane. A n-hexane solution containing the active component of the attractant *Bartholinium hainanense* is added dropwise to the lure core. After the n-hexane solution of the attractant evaporates, n-hexane is added dropwise to the lure core. After the n-hexane evaporates, the lure core containing the attractant of *Bartholinium hainanense* is obtained. The obtained lure core is sealed in aluminum foil and stored at -20°C.

[0013] This invention provides an application of the attractant, which is used to control the bark beetle in northern China.

[0014] This invention provides a method for using the aforementioned attractant. The lure, made from an attractant for the hazelnut borer *Bartholinium hainanense*, is placed in a trap. Traps containing plant-derived attractant lures at different heights are suspended in areas where *Bartholinium hainanense* is present or likely to be present in hazelnut borers. This method is used for infestation prediction and large-scale trapping of *Bartholinium hainanense*. The trap is the one described in patent CN201620147068.7.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0016] This invention provides a plant-derived attractant for the wood-boring pest *Bartholinum hainanense*, prepared from volatiles produced by the host plant. It is characterized by being pollution-free, highly bioactive, and highly specific, exhibiting strong trapping ability, long-lasting effectiveness (maintaining control for over 30 days), and high specificity. It does not induce resistance in *Bartholinum hainanense*, is harmless to humans and livestock, and is environmentally friendly. It is also highly resilient and easy to use. This invention allows for accurate mass trapping, and is of great significance for pest forecasting, large-scale trapping, and integrated management of *Bartholinum hainanense* in hazelnut orchards. Detailed Implementation

[0017] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, an attractant for the bark beetle of northern hazelnut garden is provided, wherein the active component of the attractant is composed of one or more of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and aggregation pheromones (S)-(-)-bark beetle alcohol and (S)-(+)-bark beetle diene alcohol.

[0018] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the active component of the attractant is preferably composed of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and aggregation pheromones (S)-(-)-berberine alcohol and (S)-(+)-berberine dienool, in a mass ratio of (0.01-0.1):(0.03-0.3):(0.05-0.3):(0.02-0.5).

[0019] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the active component of the attractant is preferably composed of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and aggregation pheromones (S)-(-)-berberine alcohol and (S)-(+)-berberine dienool, with a mass ratio of (0.015~0.07):(0.04~0.24):(0.055~0.24):(0.025~0.1).

[0020] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the active component of the attractant is preferably composed of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, and aggregation pheromones (S)-(-)-berberine alcohol and (S)-(+)-berberine dienool, in a mass ratio of 0.07:0.24:0.18:0.05.

[0021] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, the attractant is preferably a solution containing an active component, wherein the solvent of the solution is a volatile solvent.

[0022] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, an application of the attractant is provided, wherein the attractant is used for the control of the northern bark beetle.

[0023] In a typical embodiment of the present invention, a method for using the attractant is provided, wherein a carrier loaded with the attractant is placed in a trap and placed in an area where the northern bark beetle occurs or may occur, at a height of 1.8m above the ground, to trap the northern bark beetle.

[0024] The beneficial effects of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] The present invention involves adding a hexane solution containing a plant-derived attractant for the hazelnut borer *Bartholinis cerana* to a lure core. After the hexane solution containing the plant-derived attractant evaporates, hexane is added to the lure core. After the hexane evaporates, a lure core containing a plant-derived attractant for the hazelnut borer *Bartholinis cerana* is obtained. The lure core is placed in a trap, and then the trap is hung according to the degree of damage caused by *Bartholinis cerana* in hazelnut orchards and wild hazelnut forests.

[0027] To ensure effective release, each 2mL bag of attractant contains 200-2000μg of plant-derived attractant for the hazelnut borer *Bark beetle*, a stem borer in hazelnut orchards. The average spacing between the traps is 30m, and the trap heights are set at 0.8m, 1.2m, 1.5m, 1.8m, and 2m above the ground. Table 1 shows 10 specific formulations.

[0028] Table 1

[0029]

[0030] Selected areas with severe infestations of the hazelnut borer *Bartholinium hainanense*, covering more than 10 mu (approximately 667 square meters), used different formulations. The lure was placed at ground heights of 0.8m, 1.2m, 1.5m, 1.8m, and 2m, with three replicates per treatment. The baffle-type traps (C7) containing the plant-derived attractant for *Bartholinium hainanense* (patent CN201620147068.7) were placed evenly and randomly, along with three blank traps (CK). The average distance between the traps was 30m. The number of *Bartholinium hainanense* trapped was assessed every three days. Unmated live female *Bartholinium hainanense* beetles were replaced, and the trapping locations were randomly changed. The assessment continued for 20 days. The trapping results are shown in Table 2.

[0031] Table 2

[0032]

[0033]

[0034] The results in Tables 1 and 2 show that the plant-derived attractant for the hazelnut borer *Bartholinium cerana* of this invention has a good trapping effect on this pest. Significant comparisons show that the attractants containing α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, (S)-(-)-barberenol, and (S)-(+)-barberdienol have strong trapping activity against *Bartholinium cerana*. Formulas 6 and 8 show significantly higher trapping amounts compared to the control and other formulas, while formula 7 has the highest trapping amount and the best trapping effect.

[0035] In this embodiment, one or two of α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, (S)-(-)-barberenol, and (S)-(+)-barberdienol were used as attractants to repeat the above trapping experiment, but none of them showed as good trapping effect as formulation 7. In this embodiment, different treatments were made at the height of the lure core, and it was found that the trapping effect was best when the lure core height was 1.8m. In summary, the plant-derived attractant for the hazelnut borer *Bartholinium hainanense* provided by this invention can be accurately applied to the prediction and forecasting of *Bartholinium hainanense* infestation and large-scale trapping, achieving the ideal effect of green control of *Bartholinium hainanense*, and is of great significance for the integrated management of *Bartholinium hainanense*.

[0036] While the present invention has been disclosed above, its scope of protection is not limited thereto. Those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and all such changes and modifications will fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An attractant for Ips sube es in a hazel orchard, characterized in that, The active component of the attractant consists of a-pinene, β-caryophyllene and aggregation pheromones (S)-(-)-ipsenol, (S)-(+)-ipsenol, and the mass fraction ratio is: 0.07:0.24:0.18:0.05。 2. The attractant for the Ips subequis in a hazel grove according to claim 1, characterized in that, The attractant is a solution containing active components, and the solvent of the solution is a volatile solvent.

3. Use of the attractant of claim 1, characterized in that The attractant is used for the prevention and treatment of Ips subequis.

4. The method of using the attractant of claim 1, wherein, The carrier loaded with the attractant is placed in a trap and in an area where Ips subequis occurs, 1.8 m away from the ground, to trap Ips subequis.

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